内容正文:
练案[5] 第七章 三角函数
7. 2 [7. 2. 3 同角三角函数的基本关系式]
A组 基础巩固
一、选择题
1.已知α是第四象限角,cos α = 1213,则sin α =
(B )
A. 513 B. -
5
13 C.
5
12 D. -
5
12
2.化简1 - sin2 3π槡 5的结果是 ( )
A. cos 3π5 B. sin
3π
5
C. - cos 3π5 D. - sin
3π
5
3.化简:(1 + tan2α)·cos2α等于 (C )
A. - 1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2
4.已知sin α - 3cos α = 0,则sin2α + sin αcos α值
为 (B )
A. 95 B.
6
5 C. 3 D. 4
5.若sin 3 = t,则cos 3 = (B )
A. 1 - t槡 2 B. - 1 - t槡 2
C. t 1 - t槡 2
1 - t2
D. - t 1 - t槡 2
1 - t2
二、填空题
6.已知P(-槡3,y)为角β的终边上的一点,且
sin β =槡1313 ,则y的值为 .
7.已知P(- 4,3)是角α终边上一点,则cos2α +
3sin α cos α = .
8.化简: 1sin α +
1
tan( )α (1 - cos α)= .
三、解答题
9.(1)若cos α = 817,求tan α的值;
(2)若tan α = - 158 ,求sin α的值.
10.已知tan α = 3,求下列各式的值.
(1)4sin α - cos α3sin α + 5cos α;
(2)sin
2α - 2sin α·cos α - cos2α
4cos2α - 3sin2α
;
(3)34 sin
2α + 12 cos
2α
.
—101—
B组 素养提升
一、选择题
1.(2023·全国高考真题)设甲:sin2α + sin2β =
1,乙:sin α + cos β = 0,则 (B )
A.甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件
B.甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件
C.甲是乙的充要条件
D.甲既不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要
条件
2.(2024·朝阳高一检测)已知3π2 < α < 2π,则
1 + cos α
1 - cos槡 α + 1 - cos α1 + cos槡 α = ( )
A. - 1sin α
B. 1sin α
C. - 2sin α
D. 2sin α
3.(多选题)(2023·山西太原高一期末)已知
tan α = 3,下列选项正确的有 ( )
A. sin α = 3cos α
B. cos α = 3sin α
C. 3sin α - cos α2sin α + 3cos α
= 89
D. sin2α - 2sin αcos α = 310
二、填空题
4.(2024·东营高一检测)化简:
槡1 - 2sin 40°cos 40°
cos 40° - 1 - sin2槡 50°
= .
5.若sin θ - cos θ =槡2,则tan θ + 1tan θ = .
三、解答题
6.(2023·大连高一检测)证明:
(1) cos α1 - sin α =
1 + sin α
cos α
;
(2)tan2β·sin2β = tan2β - sin2β.
C组 创新拓展
设A是三角形的内角,且sin A和cos A是关于
x的方程25x2 - 5ax - 12a = 0的两个根.
(1)求a的值;
(2)求tanA的值
.
—102—
所以S△ OAT = 12 OA·AT =
1
2 AT,
又因为37 π所对的弧长为
3
7 π·1 =
3
7 π,所以扇形OAB的面
积S = 12·
3
7 π·1 =
3
14π,
而S△ OAT > S,所以AT > 37 π,
即tan 37 π >
3
7 π.
6.因为 槡1 - 2cos x > 0,
槡1 + 2cos x≥0{ ,
所以-槡22 ≤cos x <槡
2
2 ,在单位圆中作出满
足该不等式的角的集合,如图所示,可得x
(∈ 2kπ + π4 ,2kπ + 3π ]4 [∪ 2kπ + 5π4 ,
2kπ + 7π )4 (k∈Z).
C组 创新拓展
如图,记角α的两边与单位圆的交点分别
为点A,P,点A在x轴正半轴上,过点P作
PM⊥ x轴于点M,则sin α = MP,cos α
= OM.
(1)在Rt△OMP中,MP + OM > OP,
所以sin α + cos α > 1.
(2)在Rt△OMP中,MP2 + OM2 = OP2,
所以sin2α + cos2α = 1.
练案[5]
A组 基础巩固
1. B ∵ α是第四象限角,cos α = 1213,
∴ sin α = - 1 - cos2槡 α = - 1 - 12( )13槡 2 = - 513 .
2. C 原式= cos2 3π槡5 = cos 3π5 = - cos 3π5 .
3. C 原式= 1 + sin
2α
cos2( )α ·cos2α
= cos2α + sin2α = 1.
4. B 由sin α - 3cos α = 0,∴ tan α = 3,
又sin2α + sin αcos α = sin
2α + sin αcos α
sin2α + cos2α
= tan
2α + tan α
1 + tan2α
= 1210 =
6
5 .
5. B ∵ π2 < 3 < π,sin 3 = t,
∴ cos 3 = - 1 - sin2槡 3 = - 1 - t槡 2,故选B.
6. 12 依题意有r = 3 + y槡 2,sin β =
y
r =
y
3 + y槡 2
=槡1313 ,解得
y = 12 .
7. - 45 由P(-4,3)为角α终边上一点,有tan α = -
3
4 .
所以cos2α + 3sin α·cos α
= cos
2α + 3sin αcos α
sin2α + cos2α
= 1 + 3tan α
tan2α + 1
=
1 + 3 × -( )34
-( )34
2
+ 1
= - 45 .
8. sin α 原式=
1
sin α
+ 1sin α
cos( )α (1 - cos α)
=(1 + cos α)(1 - cos α)sin α
= 1 - cos
2α
sin α
= sin α.
9.(1)∵ cos α = 817 > 0,∴ α是第一或第四象限角.
当α是第一象限角时,sin α = 1 - cos2槡 α = 1 - 8( )17槡 2 =
15
17,∴ tan α =
sin α
cos α
=
15
17
8
7
= 158 .
当α是第四象限角时,sin α = - 1 - cos2槡 α = - 1 - 8( )17槡 2
= - 1517,
∴ tan α = sin αcos α
=
- 1517
8
17
= - 158 .
(2)∵ tan α = - 158 < 0,∴ α是第二或第四象限角.
由tan α =
sin α
cos α
= - 158 ,
sin2α + cos2α = 1{ ,
得sin2α = 225289 =
15( )17
2
.
当α是第二象限角时,sin α = 1517;
当α是第四象限角时,sin α = - 1517 .
10.(1)原式= 4tan α - 13tan α + 5 =
4 × 3 - 1
3 × 3 + 5 =
11
14 .
(2)原式= tan
2α - 2tan α - 1
4 - 3tan2α
= 9 - 2 × 3 - 1
4 - 3 × 32
= - 223 .
(3)原式=
3
4 sin
2α + 12 cos
2α
sin2α + cos2α
=
3
4 tan
2α + 12
tan2α + 1
=
3
4 × 9 +
1
2
9 + 1
= 2940 .
B组 素养提升
1. B 当sin2α + sin2β =1时,例如α = π2 ,β =0但sin α + cos β≠0,
即sin2α + sin2β = 1推不出sin α + cos β = 0;
当sin α + cos β = 0时,sin2α + sin2β =(- cos β)2 + sin2β = 1,
即sin α + cos β = 0能推出sin2α + sin2β = 1.
综上可知,甲是乙的必要不充分条件.
故选B.
2. C 因为3π2 < α < 2π,
所以sin α < 0,0 < cos α < 1,
所以 1 + cos α1 - cos槡α + 1 - cos α1 + cos槡α = (1 +cos α)2(1 -cos α)(1 +cos α槡 )+
(1 -cos α)2
(1 +cos α)(1 -cos α槡 )= (1 + cos α)2sin2槡α + (1 - cos α)2sin2槡α
= 1 + cos α- sin α
+ 1 - cos α- sin α
= - 2sin α
.
3. ACD 由tan α =3,得sin αcos α =3,所以sin α = 3cos α,故A正确,
B错误
;
—177—
因为tan α = 3,所以3sin α - cos α2sin α + 3cos α =
3sin α - cos α
cos α
2sin α + 3cos α
cos α
=
3tan α - 1
2tan α + 3
= 3 × 3 - 12 × 3 + 3 =
8
9 ,故C正确;
因为tan α = 3,所以sin2α - 2sin αcos α = sin
2α - 2sin αcos α
sin2α + cos2α
=
sin2α - 2sin αcos α
cos2α
sin2α + cos2α
cos2α
= tan
2α - 2tan α
tan2α + 1
= 3
2 - 2 × 3
32 + 1
= 310,故D正
确.故选ACD.
4. 1 槡1 - 2sin 40°cos 40°
cos 40° - 1 - sin2槡 50°
= (cos 40° - sin 40°)槡 2
cos 40° - cos2槡50°
= cos 40° - sin 40°cos 40° - cos 50° =
cos 40° - sin 40°
cos 40° - sin 40° = 1.
5. - 2 由已知得(sin θ - cos θ)2 = 2,
所以sin θcos θ = - 12 ,
所以tan θ + 1tan θ =
sin θ
cos θ
+ cos θsin θ
= 1sin θcos θ
= - 2.
6. 【证明】 (1 )左边= cos α(1 + sin α)(1 - sin α)(1 + sin α) =
cos α(1 + sin α)
1 - sin2α
= cos α(1 + sin α)
cos2α
= 1 + sin αcos α
=右边,
即cos α1 - sin α =
1 + sin α
cos α
.
(2)右边=(tan β - sin β)(tan β + sin β)
= sin βcos β
- sin( )β sin βcos β + sin( )β
= sin2β 1cos β( )- 1 1cos β( )+ 1 = sin2β 1 - cos βcos( )β 1 + cos βcos( )β
= sin2β·1 - cos
2β
cos2β
= sin2β·sin
2β
cos2β
= sin2β·tan2β =左边,即
tan2β·sin2β = tan2β - sin2β.
C组 创新拓展
(1)∵ sin A和cos A是关于x的方程25x2 - 5ax - 12a = 0的两
个根,
∴由韦达定理得
sin A + cos A = 15 a,①
sin A·cos A = - 1225a,{ ②
将①两边分别平方得sin2A + 2sin Acos A + cos2A = 125 a
2,即
1 - 2425a =
a2
25,解得a = - 25或a = 1.当a = - 25时,sin A +
cos A = - 5不合题意,故a = 1.
(2)由
sin A + cos A = 15 ,
sin Acos A = - 1225
{ ,得sin A > 0,cos A < 0,
∴ sin A = 45 ,cos A = -
3
5 .
∴ tan A = sin Acos A = -
4
3 .
练案[6]
A组 基础巩固
1. C sin 2 023π3 = sin 674π +
π( )3 = sin π3 =槡32 .
2. B ∵ cos θ = 4
42 +(- 3)槡 2
= 45 ,
∴ cos(π - θ)= - cos θ = - 45 .
3. D 原式= tan(360° - 60°)+ sin(360° + 90°)= tan(- 60°)+
槡sin 90° = - tan 60° + 1 = - 3 + 1.
4. C ∵ sin π -( )α = sin α,∴ sin α = 13 .
∴ sin(α - 2 024π)= - sin(2 024π - α)
= - sin(- α)= sin α = 13 .
5. A 方法一:∵ cos(- 80°)= k,
∴ cos 80° = k,
∴ sin 80° = 1 - k槡 2,
∴ tan 80° = sin 80°cos 80° =
1 - k槡 2
k .
方法二:由cos(- 80°)= k,得cos 80° = k,
∴ k > 0.
又sin280° + cos280° = 1,
∴ tan280° + 1 = 1
cos280°
,
∴ tan280° = 1
k2
- 1 = 1 - k
2
k2
,
∴ tan 80° = 1 - k槡 2k .
6. 1 原式= cos α·(- sin α)cos α·(- sin α)= 1.
7. 槡± 3 ±槡32 ∵ cos(5π + α)= - cos α = -
1
2 ,
∴ cos α = 12 ,
∴ tan α 槡= ± 3,sin α = ± 1 - cos2槡 α = ±槡32 .
tan(α -9π)= - tan(9π -α)= tan α 槡= ± 3.
8. sin 2 - cos 2 1 - 2sin(π + 2)cos(π + 2槡 )
= 1 - 2(- sin 2)·(- cos 2槡 )
槡= 1 - 2sin 2cos 2
= (sin 2 - cos 2)槡 2,
∵ sin 2 > 0,cos 2 < 0,∴ sin 2 - cos 2 > 0,
∴原式= (sin 2 - cos 2)槡 2 = sin 2 - cos 2.
9.(1)sin(- 840°)·cos 1 470° - cos(- 420°)sin(- 930°)
= - sin 840°cos 1 470° + cos 420°sin 930°
= - sin (2 × 360° + 120°)cos (4 × 360° + 30°) +
cos(360° + 60°)sin(2 × 360° + 210°)
= - sin 120°cos 30° + cos 60°sin 210°
= - sin(180° - 60°)cos 30° + cos 60°sin(180° + 30°)
= - sin 60°cos 30° - cos 60°sin 30°
= -槡32 ×槡
3
2 -
1
2 ×
1
2 = - 1.
(2)原式= - sin 60° + cos(180° + 45°)+ tan(180° - 45°)
= -槡32 - cos 45° - tan 45°
= -槡32 -槡
2
2 - 1 = -
槡槡2 + 3 + 2
2 .
10.(1)依题意,r = OP = ( )45
2
+ -( )35槡 2 = 1,则sin α =
- 35 ,cos α =
4
5 ,tan α = -
3
4 ,
所以原式= sin α- sin α·
tan α
- cos α
= tan αcos α
=
- 34
4
5
= - 1516 .
(2)由(1)知,tan α = - 34 ,
所以原式= sin
3α - 5cos3α
- 3cos3α + sin2α·cos
α
—178—