Unit 5 First Aid 单元知识点 讲解 讲义-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 First Aid 探究词汇 urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 教材原句P51 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果患者有二度或三度烧伤，迫切需要立刻将其送往医院。 常用搭配in urgent need of…急需…… 联想词①urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地 ②urgency n.紧急；迫切 a matter of great urgency极为迫切的问题 ③urge vt.竭力主张；大力推荐；敦促 urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事 urge sth on/upon sb强烈要求某人某事 urge+that从句(从句谓语为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)强烈要求…… Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. 父母应当积极地督促孩子们利用此次机会加入运动队。 Her managers strongly urged that her work should be passed on to a colleague. 她的经理强烈要求把她的工作转交给一位同事。[The Economist] ease ①vi.&vt.减轻；缓解vt.使容易；使顺利 教材原句P51 Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ea se discomfort. 在烧伤处涂黄油或食用油有用，因为它可以消肿和缓解不适。 常用搭配ease the pain/stress/tension减轻/缓解痛苦/压力/紧张 ②n.容易；舒适；自在 常用搭配at ease舒适；自在with ease轻易；毫不费劲 put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在 put/set one's mind at ease/rest使某人宽心；使某人放心 Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease. 现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松通过了考试。 slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条 教材原句P53 When he got out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor. 他从浴缸里出来时滑倒在地板上。 The fish slipped out of my hand.鱼从我手里溜掉了。 常用搭配let sth slip错过(机会);失去(机会)slip one's mind被某人遗忘 slip away消失；消亡；死去 slip out无意中说出(或泄露) slip up疏忽；不小心出差错 Their support gradually slipped away. 他们逐渐失去支持。 I'm sorry I said that.It just slipped out. 抱歉，我说了那样的话。这不过是无意中说出口的。 delay ①n.延误；耽搁(的时间);推迟 教材原句P53 After arriving,the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen.. 救援队到达之后，很快就发现了泰勒夫人，然后立刻给她输氧…… 常用搭配without delay立即；立刻；毫不耽搁 He has a big task on hand and he begins to attack it without delay. 他手头有一项重大任务并立即开始处理。 ②vi.&v t.推迟；延期(做某事)vt.耽误；耽搁 常用搭配delay sth until…推迟某事至…… delay doing sth(=put off/postpone doing sth)推迟做某事 Don't delay cashing the cheque.马上去兑现支票。 panic ①vi.&vt.(panicked,panicking)(使)惊慌；(使)恐慌 教材原句P55 When listening to instructions in English,you should listen carefully and don't panic. 在听英语指示时，你应该仔细听，不要恐慌。 常用搭配panic sb into doing sth吓得某人做某事 The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家。 ②n.惊恐；恐慌 常用搭配be in a state of panic惊恐万状 get into a panic/be thrown into(a)panic陷入恐慌 in(a)panic惊慌失措地；处于惶恐中 Shoppers fled in panic hearing two loud bursts of explosion. 听到两声巨大的爆炸声，购物者们都慌乱地逃离了。 desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；非常需要的；极严重的 教材原句P56 He was now holding his throat with his face turning red,while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 此刻他扼住自己的喉咙，脸涨得通红，而他的朋友们一直在拼命拍他的背。 常用搭配be desperate for sth渴望某物；极其需要某物 be desperate to do sth渴望/急于做某事 in desperate need of sth非常需要某物 The only reason why a man would sell his house at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.一个人愿意以更低的价格卖掉房子的唯一原因是他非常需要钱。 Graduates are desperate to get good jobs after graduation. 大学毕业生毕业后都渴望得到好工作。 联想词①desperately adv.极其；非常；绝望地 ②desperation n.绝望；拼命；不顾一切 in/out of desperation绝望之际；走投无路 practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的 教材原句P56 Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick,practical,and easy. 使用“海姆利希急救法”快速、实用且简单。 联想词①impractical adj.不切实际的；不现实的 ②practice n.实际行动；实践；练习；惯例；习惯做法 in practice实际上 be out of practice疏于练习；荒废 put…into practice把……付诸实践 It is his practice to read several books a week.他习惯一周读几本书。 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 ③practise(NAmE=practice)vt.&vi.练习；实习；从事 practise doing sth练习做某事 差距词汇 1.therapy n.治疗；心理治疗 I'm a great believer in the benefits of this form of therapy. 我坚信这种治疗形式的好处。 2.noticeable adj.显而易见的 The most noticeable effect of these changes is in the way people are now working together. 这些变化带来的最明显的效果体现在人们现在一起工作的方式上。 3.rub vt.&vi.擦；摩擦 Let the oil sit for a few minutes and then rub off the residue.Wash the area with warm,soapy water to remove the oil. 让油静置几分钟，然后擦掉残留的油。用温肥皂水洗去该区域的油污。 4. insecure adj.不自信的；不安全的；无保障的 A burn destroys one's skin,which could result in an ugly appearance that could make him insecure. 5. 烧伤会毁坏一个人的皮肤，这可能使人外表变得丑陋，从而让人变得不自信。 5.scratch n.刮痕；划伤 The seven-year-old boy was found crying with scratches on his face and neck. 这名七岁的男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。 6. adequate adj.足够的；充分的；合乎需要的 Some sunscreens we tested failed to give adequate protection against UV light. 我们检测的一些防晒霜不能提供足够的防紫外线保护。 Part2 单元语法归纳 动词-ing形式 教材原句 ①As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你能想象的，被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。(动名词短语作主语)[P₅3] ②You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth. 你可以通过用一块宽松干净的布盖住烧伤的地方来保护它。(动名词短语作宾语)[P₅3] ③The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 处理烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。(动名词短语作表语)[P₅3] ④It is best to place burns under cool running water,especially within the first ten minutes. 最好将烧伤处置于流动的冷水下，尤其是在烧伤的前十分钟内。(现在分词作定语，表示“一直在流动的”)[P53] ⑤.…an American doctor,Henry Heimlich,created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.……美国医生亨利·海姆 利希发明了“海姆利希急救法”,挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。(现在分词短语作结果状语)[P₅6]⑥Remove any clothes using scissors if necessar y,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到织物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。(using scissors作方式状语，sticking.…作宾语补足语)[P51] 动词-ing形式分为现在分词和动名词。现在分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，两者都可以接宾语或被状语修饰。 ①动词-ing形式的基本形式 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not。动词-ing形式有时态和语态的变化。 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ②动词-ing形式的句法功能 (1)动名词作主语，多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。有时用it作形式主语，动名词放在其后，常见句型有：it is a waste of time doing.…/it is no use/useless/no good doing…。 ●Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 ●It's no use arguing with him.和他争论是无用的。 特别注意动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。由and连接的并列动名词(短语)作主语时，如果强词一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强词不同的事物，谓语动词则用复数。 ●Sitting and talking to old friends is a pleasant way to spend an evening.坐着和老朋友聊天是一种愉快的消磨夜晚的方式。(“坐着和老朋友交谈”是一个整体行为) ●Climbing and fishing are his favourites. 爬山和钓鱼是他特别喜欢(做)的事。("爬山”和“钓鱼”指两件事) (2)动名词作宾语 ①常接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind,suggest,enjoy,admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,dislike,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,practise,resist,risk,deny,consider等。 ●I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用不同的方法做这件事。 ②常接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：devote to,feel like,look forward to,insist on,think of,dream of,object to,be engaged in,depend on,aim at,set about,be/get used to,be fond of,be afraid of,be tired of,succeed in,be interested in等。 ●If you insist on leaving now,please go ahead. 如果你坚持现在走，那就请便吧。 ③动名词在介词(but,except除外)后作宾语 ●I won't let the day slip away without doing anything at all. 我不会什么事也不做，而让这一天白白溜过去。 特别注意①动名词前可加名词所有格、形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格。作主语时，其前可加名词所有格及形容词性物主代词，即one's doing;作宾语时，其前可加名词所有格、形容词性物主代词(one's doing)和人称代词宾格。 ●Her going there won't do any harm.她去那儿不会有什么坏处。 ●My son has gone abroad.I'm looking forward to him/his returning. 我儿子出国了，我盼望他回来。 ②forget,mean,regret,remember,try等后可接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所区别。 ●I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过此练习。 ●I must remember to do it. 我必须记着去做这件事。 (3)动词-ing形式作表语，可分为两种情况： ①动名词作表语，表示抽象概念的动作，这种动作未必正在进行。 ●Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ②现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……的”。 ●The news is inspiring.这消息令人鼓舞。 (4)动词-ing形式作定语 ①动名词作前置定语，表示用途或性质。 ●The reading room is large and bright. 阅览室宽敞明亮。 ②单个的现在分词作前置定语往往有形容词的性质；现在分词短语作后置定语，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 ●I found a sleeping baby on the bed. 我发现床上有个熟睡的婴儿。 ●The man standing by the window(=who is standing by the window)is our teacher. 那个站在窗户旁边的人是我们的老师。 特别注意动词-ing形式的被动式、动词-ed形式和不定式(短语)的被动式作定语之间的区别 ●The building being built now is our new school. 现在在建的大楼是我们的新学校。(表进行) ●The building built three years ago is in ruins. 三年前建的那座大楼已成废墟。(表完成) ●The building to be built next year will be excellent. 明年要建的那座大楼会非常棒。(表将来) (5)现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，且分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。作状语时，现在分词可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，并可以转换成相应的状语从句。 ●Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，因而耽误了。 ●The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地说笑着。 ●Having studied about 600 clinical cases,the scientist found a cure for the disease. 在研究了大约600个临床病例后，这位科学家找到了治疗这种疾病的方法。 ●Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诫过许多次，但他仍旧犯了同样的错误。 ●Hearing their teacher's voice,the pupils stopped talking at once.=On hearing their teacher's voice,the pupils stopped talking at once.=When they heard their teacher's voice,the pupils stopped talking at once. 一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止了讲话。 ●Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.=Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。 ●Working hard,you'll succeed.=If you work hard,you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。 特别注意有些惯用的现在分词形式在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作评注性状语，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 frankly/honestly speaking坦白地/老实地说 judging from/by….根据……判断 considering…考虑到…… taking.…into consideration/account考虑到…… seeing.….因为，由于…… ●Judging from his face on which there was a confident smile,we knew that he didn't lose heart. 从他带着自信的笑容的脸上，我们知道他没有灰心。 (6)现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强词一个过程或一种状态。 ●They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑来保持交通顺畅。 当转换为被动结构时原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。 ●A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果一名厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立即开除。 能用现在分词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词或短语： ①表示感觉或心理状态的感官动词，常见的有 see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to等。 ●Listening to music at home is one thing,while going to hear it being performed live is quite another. 在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听人演奏音乐又是另一回事。 ②表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have,get,set,keep,leave等。 ●I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 特别注意see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后用现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：前者强词动作正在进行，后者强词动作的全过程。 ●We heard the telephone ringing. 我们听见电话正在响。 ●We heard the telephone ring. 我们听见电话响了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$