精品解析：2025届广东省广州市天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) 英语试题

2025 届天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) 英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座位号和考生号填写在答题卡相应的位置上，再用2B铅笔把考号的对应数字涂黑。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案。不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Pre-College Summer School Program for High School Students Harvard’s Pre-College Program for high school students is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a taste of college life. You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. Application Please complete an online application form and provide supplemental (补充的) materials, including: Transcripts from 9th to 12th grade: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your school. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL, iBT, or IELTS. Courses With almost 30 courses to choose from in each session, you’re sure to find a topic that triggers your interest. The courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, and a Harvard transcript with a grade of AR or NM (“requirements met” or “requirements not met”). This is a great way to supplement your college application. Cost & Aid The total cost for a session is $5,800, including tuition, room and meal plan, activity costs, and an accident and sickness insurance plan. There is also a non-refundable $75 application fee. A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial need. Awards vary based on need, and a typical award covers a portion of the tuition. 1. The program is designed for high school students to ______. A. live on Harvard campus B. experience life in college C. take a college course D. study with college students 2 What is a must to apply for the program? A. A high school degree. B. An academic report from school. C. A score from TOEFL, iBT or IELTS. D. A report from a college counselor. 3. What can each participant get when the program ends? A. A degree from Harvard. B. A scholarship award. C. An evaluation without letter grades. D. Recommendation for college application. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学为高中生提供的大学前暑期学校项目，包括项目的目的、申请流程、课程选择、费用及援助等信息。通过详细的说明和介绍，旨在吸引目标群体的关注和申请。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Harvard’s Pre-College Program for high school students is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a taste of college life. (哈佛大学为高中生开设的大学预科课程是一个为期两周的强化暑期课程，旨在让你体验大学生活。)”可知，本课程旨在让你体验大学生活。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Application”部分中的“Please complete an online application form and provide supplemental (补充的) materials, including: Transcripts from 9th to 12th grade: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your school. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL, iBT, or IELTS. (请完成在线申请表并提供补充材料，包括：九年级至十二年级的成绩单：可以包括学业进展报告、成绩单以及学校出具的学业总结。如果英语不是你的母语，请提交托福、托福网考或雅思成绩。)”可知，申请需完成在线申请表并提供补充材料，包括九年级至十二年级的成绩单（可以是学业进展报告、成绩单以及学校出具的学业总结），所以学校的报告单是必须的。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Courses”部分中的“The courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, and a Harvard transcript with a grade of AR or NM (“requirements met” or “requirements not met”). This is a great way to supplement your college application. (这些课程不计学分，也没有字母等级评分。课程结束时，你将收到授课教师的书面评价，以及一份带有“AR”或“NM”（“达到要求” 或“未达到要求”）等级的哈佛成绩单。这是丰富你大学申请材料的绝佳方式。)”可知，课程结束后，学生可以得到授课教师的书面评价，并且没有字母等级。故选C。 B When I was a kid, I hated reading until eighth grade, when my mom said, “You are going to do your reading with me, from now on.” It was my first experience of being led through challenging books with an expert guide. Every few pages, Mom would stop and ask me questions that challenged my thinking about the text, drew me deeper into its themes and created a space to ask my own questions. And this is how I came to love reading — and came to be a professor of classic literature. Most of my students who hate reading don’t have mothers like mine. And one-to-one tutorial is impossible in my mid-sized university. But recently, in a conversation with a friend about ways AI might make museums dynamic and interactive, I thought about books. What if AI-enabled chat windows could be introduced in a text and offer a site of real-time conversation about it with someone as smart as my mom? Then I started creating Rebind, an e-reading platform. I dictated 30 hours of answers to nearly 1,200 questions about Thoreau’s Walden and asked another 1,000 reader-interesting questions. The work was dull: just me talking into my recorder. Then it struck me that being interviewed about the book might make it pleasant, meaningful and, most importantly, dynamic. So I invited Michael Goodwin, a Thoreau expert, to ask me questions. It worked. Michael, playing an inquisitive student, drew out insights I didn’t even know I had. This led to a key idea: if AI platforms use real conversations, about meaningful subjects, as their training ground, users are more likely to have rich, simulated (模拟的) conversations about such subjects. I tested this by interviewing the prizewinner John Banville about James Joyce’s Dubliners, and the results were remarkable. The conversations in the e-reader sounded like, and reacted like, the conversations between Banville and myself. I’d like everyone to love reading and use AI in ways that aren’t meaningless or disappointing. In my heart, like my mother, I’m a teacher, and I believe this is one of the great teachable moments of our time. 4. Which best describes the author’s reading experience with his mother? A. Theme-based. B. Challenge-free. C. Passive-listening. D. Question-driven. 5. Why did the author create Rebind? A. To innovate teaching methods. B. To make reading interactive. C. To involve experts in discussion. D. To provide a platform for sharing. 6. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Creative and devoted. B. Patient and modest. C. Ambitious and skeptical. D. Reflective and reserved. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. How will AI transform teaching? B. AI is the future of interactive reading. C. My reading experience with an AI-expert friend. D. How did I transform reading with AI? 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候在妈妈的引导下爱上阅读，后来想到利用人工智能让阅读变得更具互动性，创建了Rebind这个电子阅读平台，并介绍了创建的过程和测试的结果。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every few pages, Mom would stop and ask me questions that challenged my thinking about the text, drew me deeper into its themes and created a space to ask my own questions.(每隔几页，妈妈就会停下来问我一些问题，挑战我对课文的思考，让我更深入地了解它的主题，并为我提出自己的问题创造了一个空间)”可知，作者和妈妈一起阅读时，妈妈每隔几页就会停下来问问题，挑战作者对文本的思考，让作者更深入地思考主题，还创造了让作者提问的空间。由此推知，作者和妈妈的阅读体验是以问题驱动的。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of my students who hate reading don’t have mothers like mine. And one-to-one tutorial is impossible in my mid-sized university. But recently, in a conversation with a friend about ways AI might make museums dynamic and interactive, I thought about books. What if AI-enabled chat windows could be introduced in a text and offer a site of real-time conversation about it with someone as smart as my mom?(我的大多数讨厌读书的学生都没有像我这样的母亲。在我的中等规模的大学里，一对一的辅导是不可能的。但最近，在与一位朋友谈论人工智能如何使博物馆充满活力和互动性时，我想到了书籍。如果启用人工智能的聊天窗口可以在文本中引入，并提供一个与像我妈妈一样聪明的人进行实时对话的网站，那会怎么样？)”以及后面作者创建Rebind的过程可知，作者创建Rebind是为了让阅读变得像和妈妈一起阅读时那样具有互动性，让讨厌阅读的学生也能喜欢上阅读。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。作者从和妈妈一起阅读的经历中获得启发，想到利用人工智能让阅读更具互动性，创建了Rebind这个电子阅读平台，体现了作者的创造性；并且作者投入大量时间和精力进行平台的创建，如第四段中“I dictated 30 hours of answers to nearly 1,200 questions about Thoreau’s Walden and asked another 1,000 reader-interesting questions.(我听写了30个小时，回答了近1200个关于梭罗《瓦尔登湖》的问题，并问了另外1000个读者感兴趣的问题)”，还邀请专家参与，不断测试和改进，体现了作者的专注和投入，A选项“有创造力且专注的”正确。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者小时候在妈妈的引导下爱上阅读，后来想到利用人工智能让阅读变得更具互动性，创建了Rebind这个电子阅读平台，并介绍了创建的过程和测试的结果，所以文章主要围绕作者如何利用人工智能改变阅读展开。由此可知，D选项“我是如何用人工智能改变阅读的？”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 C The dappled stars and swirling clouds (漩涡云) in The Starry Night are thought to reflect the artist’s troubled state of mind when he painted it in 1889. Now, a new study suggests Vincent van Gogh had a deep understanding of how turbulent flow (湍流)moves. Turbulent flow occurs in fluids like ocean currents and storm clouds, where big swirls break into smaller ones. “These swirls aren’t random. They arrange themselves in specific patterns that can be predicted by physical laws,” explained Yongxiang Huang, lead author of the study. Huang and his colleagues examined 14 main whirling shapes in a digital version of the painting. The atmospheric motion in the painted sky cannot be directly measured, so they measured the size of brushstrokes and the brightness of varying paint colors. They discovered that the 14 big swirls match a physical law called Kolmogorov’s theory of turbulence. The smallest paint mixes also follow a pattern known as Batchelor’s scaling. Finding both laws in one painting is rare, and it is such an amazing coincidence (巧合). Van Gogh would not have been aware it was physics, but likely he spent a lot of time observing turbulence in nature. “It must be planted into his mind so that he could make this famous painting so convincing,” Huang said. The team performed a similar analysis and detected the same phenomenon in another painting, Chain Pier, Brighton by John Constable in 1826. While it doesn’t have clear swirls, its clouds show rich structures like those seen in the sky. Scientists have long struggled to fully understand turbulent flow, which is important for weather forecasting, flight turbulence and many other processes. Even after over 100 years of study, defining this complex natural phenomenon is still challenging. Huang also noted that artworks like The Starry Night matching turbulence models might mean the statistical methods and tools are less precise than thought. 8. What is the main focus of the new study? A. Van Gogh’s troubled mental state. B. The artist’s hidden talent for science. C. The display of swirls in the painting. D. The artistic value of the painting. 9. Which is a way researchers analysed the atmospheric motion in The Starry Night? A. Predicting the physical laws in the sky. B. Comparing the swirls with their digital versions. C. Measuring the movement of brushstrokes. D. Examining the variations of paint colors. 10. What probably made Van Gogh’s The Starry Night so vivid? A. Awareness of capturing beauty. B. Insightful observations of nature. C. Complicated painting techniques. D. Scientific understanding of turbulence. 11. Why did the researchers study Chain Pier, Brighton? A. To check their previous study result. B. To show they take the study seriously. C. To provide background information for the research. D. To confirm clear swirls are unique to Van Gogh’s works. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了长期以来，人们认为梵高 1889 年创作的《星月夜》中斑驳的星星和漩涡云反映了他作画时的精神困扰。但一项新研究表明，梵高对湍流的运动有着深刻理解。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, a new study suggests Vincent van Gogh had a deep understanding of how turbulent flow (湍流) moves.( 现在，一项新的研究表明，文森特·梵高对湍流的运动有着深刻的理解。)”以及文中对研究过程的描述，研究人员主要研究了梵高《星月夜》中漩涡云的情况，发现其与物理定律相关，所以新研究的主要关注点是画中漩涡的呈现。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The atmospheric motion in the painted sky cannot be directly measured, so they measured the size of brushstrokes and the brightness of varying paint colors.(画中天空的大气运动不能直接测量，所以他们测量了笔触的大小和不同颜色的亮度。)”可知，研究人员分析《星月夜》中大气运动的一种方法是检查颜料颜色的变化。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Van Gogh would not have been aware it was physics, but likely he spent a lot of time observing turbulence in nature. “It must be planted into his mind so that he could make this famous painting so convincing,” Huang said.(梵高不会意识到这是物理学，但很可能他花了很多时间观察自然界的湍流。黄说：“他一定是把这个想法植入了他的脑海里，这样他才能让这幅名画如此令人信服。”)”可知，可能是梵高对自然的深刻观察使《星月夜》如此生动。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The team performed a similar analysis and detected the same phenomenon in another painting, Chain Pier, Brighton by John Constable in 1826.( 该团队进行了类似的分析，并在约翰·康斯太勃尔1826年的另一幅画《布莱顿的链条码头》中发现了同样的现象。)”可知，研究人员研究《布莱顿的链条码头》是为了验证他们之前在《星月夜》研究中的结果，看是否在其他画作中也存在同样的现象。故选A项。 D Most of us maintain an informal mental rank of our friendships. My friend R. went a step further by ranking his friends on a computer document. The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life — busy yet unfulfilled, and he built his friend list to diagnose why. He found that he had a small group of first-tier friends and a huge number of acquaintances. But the friends who caused him the most burden and stress were those in the middle ranks. Call them the “medium friends”. R. told me about a certain friend. They were close during college but by their 30s, R. simply did not feel as connected to her as he once did. When this friend recently reached out for his support, his initial reaction was annoyance, followed by guilt. But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy, given what their friendship had become. He wrestled but did nothing. Emily Langan, a communication professor who studies friendship, described this as feeling guilty for not being more involved because they were just not that kind of friend. Medium friends are genuine friends who share history or interests. They make you laugh or offer insights. But, unlike the closest friends, medium friends test the limits of your time, love and energy. There are so many dinners in a week, and so many people with whom you can be constantly texting. Medium friends prove it impossible to be all things to all people. And that is the problem with medium friends, the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified — to them or even, possibly, to yourself. Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship. The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity, allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer, a sociologist, referred to in an interview as “asymmetric expectation”: You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you. 12. Why does the author mention R.’s friend list? A. To highlight the need to assess friendship. B. To remind us to keep a balance in friendship. C. To give an example of categorizing friends. D. To show us the possible problem with friendship. 13. How did R. feel when his medium friend asked him for help? A. He felt she was asking too much. B. He was too ready to lend a hand. C. He was annoyed for not knowing how to help. D. He felt guilty that she wasn’t a close friend. 14. What is the main problem with medium friends? A. They provide limited love. B. There is a lack of clear boundaries. C. There are too many of them. D. They are less reliable than expected. 15. What does the underlined word “asymmetric” in the last paragraph mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Annoying. C. Unequal. D. Invisible. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多数人会在心中对友谊进行非正式排序，作者朋友R.则在电脑文档上给朋友排名。R.因忙碌却不充实的社交生活不满，通过排名发现“中等朋友”给他带来最多负担压力。以R.为例，他与大学时亲密的朋友到30多岁不再亲近，朋友求助时他因对方施压方式而恼怒又内疚，最终未帮忙，专家认为这种内疚源于关系不再亲密。“中等朋友” 是有共同经历或兴趣的真朋友，能带来欢乐和见解，但会考验人的时间、爱和精力，其存在表明人无法满足所有人需求。“中等朋友”关系的问题是界限模糊未澄清，由此产生 “不对称期望”，即双方喜欢程度可能不对等，而信任基础上的互相关心分享是友谊根基。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life — busy yet unfulfilled, and he built his friend list to diagnose why. He found that he had a small group of first-tier friends and a huge number of acquaintances. But the friends who caused him the most burden and stress were those in the middle ranks. Call them the “medium friends”.(这个年轻人发现自己对自己的社交生活不满意——忙碌却没有成就感，于是他建立了自己的朋友列表来找出原因。他发现自己有一小群一线朋友和大量的熟人。但是给他带来最大负担和压力的朋友是那些中层的人。称他们为“中等朋友”)”可知，作者提到 R.的朋友列表，R. 通过对朋友进行排名发现自己社交生活存在问题，尤其是与“中等朋友”之间存在困扰，如当“中等朋友”寻求帮助时自己的复杂情绪等。由此推知，作者提及R.的朋友列表是为了向我们展示友谊中可能存在的问题。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When this friend recently reached out for his support, his initial reaction was annoyance, followed by guilt. But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy, given what their friendship had become.(当这位朋友最近向他寻求支持时，他最初的反应是烦恼，然后是内疚。但考虑到他们之间的友谊，她给他的压力太大了)”可知，当R.的“中等朋友”向他求助时，他最初的反应是烦恼，因为这位朋友施压的方式让他觉得太过沉重，考虑到他们现在的友谊状况，他觉得她要求得太多了。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“And that is the problem with medium friends, the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified — to them or even, possibly, to yourself.(这就是中等朋友的问题，你在他们周围画的看不见的线从来没有澄清过——对他们，甚至可能对你自己)” 以及最后一段中“Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship. The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity, allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer, a sociologist, referred to in an interview as “asymmetric expectation”:( 在信任的背景下相互分享和关心是每一种友谊的基础。中等友谊的紧张之处在于缺乏明确性，这可能导致社会学家克劳德•费舍尔（Claude Fischer）在一次采访中所说的“不对称期望”)”可知，“中等朋友”之间的主要问题是存在不明确的界限，没有向对方甚至自己澄清这些界限，导致了可能出现的“不对称期望”。由此推知，B选项“缺乏明确的界限”正确。故选B项。 【15题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前文提到的“中等朋友”之间存在的问题，即彼此之间的界限不明确，再结合最后一段中“You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you.( 舍尔（Claude Fischer）在一次采访中所说的“不对称期望”：你可能比你的中等朋友更不喜欢（或更喜欢）你)”可知，“asymmetric expectation”指的是你对 “中等朋友” 的喜欢程度可能与他们对你的喜欢程度不相等。由此可知，“asymmetric”意思是“不相等的；不对称的”，与“Unequal(不平等的)”意思相近。故选C项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You are well aware that you truly desire to achieve good grades. Either your parents have put pressure on you, or you’ve promised yourself to perform better. However, you are constantly being distracted! ____16____ You can cut out the distractions you have control over and minimize the ones you can’t stop completely if you try the following tips. When you notice specific distractions, you can block them out. ____17____ Take note of this specific distraction and then tell yourself you are going to overcome it. The next time you see it happen, remind yourself not to look. Keep doing this every time the distraction comes up, and eventually you will no longer notice it. ____18____ Life can get really busy, so it’s no surprise if you find yourself distracted from studying by thoughts about everything else. Rather than acting like all of those other needs don’t exist, why not give yourself an outlet? Spend 5 minutes thinking about everything that’s on your plate, but then tell yourself it’s time to focus on the main task for now: studying. Prioritize your studying by setting a main goal. For example, if you have a biology exam coming up that covers three chapters, you don’t have to cram everything into one study session. ____19____ Breaking things down and establishing just one primary aim will make your study plan more manageable. Go off the network. Texting, social media, calls, and other distractions that come from our electronic devices are some of the biggest barriers to staying focused when studying. ____20____ If you do these consistently, you should find that you gradually spend less and less time being distracted. A. Set a study schedule. B. To be distracted is common. C. You should give yourself a worry break. D. Try focusing first on the parts that give you trouble. E. Luckily, the fix is easy and totally within your control — unplug yourself! F. If you keep your phone in another room, you’re less likely to use it while studying. G. Say you’re trying to study in the library and you keep getting distracted by someone texting. 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在学习过程中一些减少干扰的方法和建议。 【16题详解】 上文“However, you are constantly being distracted!(然而，你总是分心！)”提到了总是被分心的情况，下文“You can cut out the distractions you have control over and minimize the ones you can’t stop completely if you try the following tips.(你可以减少你可以控制的干扰，并尽量减少那些你不能完全停止，如果你尝试以下建议)”说的是可以采取措施减少分心。B选项To be distracted is common.(分心是很常见的)能够承上启下，说明分心这种情况很普遍，所以可以采取措施应对，符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 上文“When you notice specific distractions, you can block them out.(当你注意到特定的干扰时，你可以把它们排除在外)”说的是注意到特定的分心因素时可以排除它们，下文“Take note of this specific distraction and then tell yourself you are going to overcome it.(记下这些特定的干扰，然后告诉自己你要克服它)”提到了要注意这种特定的分心因素。G选项Say you’re trying to study in the library and you keep getting distracted by someone texting.(比如说你在图书馆努力学习，却不断被有人发短信的行为分心)举了一个在图书馆被人发短信分心的具体例子，符合语境。故选G项。 【18题详解】 下文“Rather than acting like all of those other needs don’t exist, why not give yourself an outlet? Spend 5 minutes thinking about everything that’s on your plate, but then tell yourself it’s time to focus on the main task for now: studying.(与其表现得像其他需求不存在一样，为什么不给自己一个出口呢？花5分钟想想你盘子里的所有事情，然后告诉自己是时候把注意力集中在现在的主要任务上了：学习)”说的是不要忽视其他需求，而是给自己一个释放的机会，花5分钟想想所有的事情，然后再专注于学习。C选项You should give yourself a worry break.(你应该给自己一个担忧的休息时间)中的“worry break”对应下文花时间想事情，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选C项。 【19题详解】 上文“Prioritize your studying by setting a main goal. For example, if you have a biology exam coming up that covers three chapters, you don’t have to cram everything into one study session.(通过设定一个主要目标来优先考虑你的学习。举个例子，如果你即将参加一场涵盖三章的生物考试，你不必一次学完所有内容)”说的是通过设定主要目标来确定学习的优先级，比如生物考试有三章内容，不必一次学完所有内容。D选项Try focusing first on the parts that give you trouble.( 试着先专注于那些给你带来麻烦的部分)承接上文，说明在设定目标后，可以先专注于有困难的部分，符合语境。故选D项。 【20题详解】 上文“Texting, social media, calls, and other distractions that come from our electronic devices are some of the biggest barriers to staying focused when studying.(短信、社交媒体、电话和其他来自电子设备的干扰是学习时保持专注的最大障碍)”提到了电子设备带来的分心是学习时保持专注的最大障碍之一。E选项Luckily, the fix is easy and totally within your control — unplug yourself!(幸运的是，解决办法很简单，而且完全在你的控制范围内 —— 让自己远离电子设备！)承接上文，提出了解决电子设备分心的办法，符合语境。故选E项。 第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a young boy, we lived near a public swimming pool. During the summer months, I would be there swimming and playing for hours. The ____21____ thing of all was that they had a concession stand there. You could buy a cola for only 15 cents or a bag of chips for a dime. Often my parents would give me a quarter so I could have a ____22____ there. Sometimes, ____23____, they weren’t at home. That is when I would try the sofa cushions (坐垫). I would pull them out, ____24____ my little arms till deep into the cracks of the sofa, hoping to find some spare change that had ____25____ out of someone’s pockets. Often to my ____26____, I would find a dime or a quarter. Then I would run off to the pool happily. It’s only recently, however, that I realized I found ____27____ there an awful lot during the summertime. I ____28____ looking between the cushions in the winter a few times, yet ____29____ to find a penny. Although I never saw them, I think Mom and Dad would ______30______ change down there for me to find. They did so knowing it would make my ______31______ and bring a smile to my face. Of course, they never said a word even after I had ______32______. I guess some ______33______ are too good to share. I think that maybe an unseen act of ______34______ has a special joy to it. You get no appreciation or thanks for it, at least not to your face. Yet, it fills your heart with happiness. You know that you are helping another, making someone’s life better and this world a more ______35______ place. 21. A. best B. craziest C. strangest D. simplest 22. A. toy B. snack C. walk D. talk 23. A. even B. though C. besides D. therefore 24. A. wave B. hold C. cross D. stretch 25. A. jumped B. poured C. fallen D. flown 26. A. surprise B. relief C. credit D. delight 27. A. money B. love C. clues D. chances 28. A. admit B. remember C. enjoy D. keep 29 A. pretending B. failing C. hoping D. deciding 30. A. gather B. arrange C. drop D. throw 31. A. way B. day C. choice D. fortune 32. A. turned up B. gone away C. grown up D. calmed down 33. A. memories B. secrets C. feelings D. experiences 34. A. curiosity B. generosity C. gratitude D. kindness 35. A. loving B. peaceful C. secure D. lively 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述家人们夏天会故意放很多钱给作者，但从未提及，告诉大家不为人知的善举也会给人带来快乐。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最棒的是那里有一个小卖部。A. best最好的；B. craziest最疯狂的；C. strangest最奇怪的；D. simplest最简单的。根据下文“You could buy a cola for only 15 cents or a bag of chips for a dime.”可知，在泳池边能买到便宜的可乐和薯片，所以有一个小吃摊是最好的事情。“best”符合语境。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母经常会给我25美分，这样我就可以在那里吃零食了。A. toy玩具；B. snack零食；C. walk散步；D. talk谈话。前文提到可以在小吃摊买可乐和薯片，所以父母给“我”二十五美分是为了让“我”在那里买小吃。“snack”（小吃）符合语境。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，有时他们也不在家。A. even甚至；B. though然而；C. besides此外；D. therefore 因此。前文说父母会给“我” 钱买小吃，以及后文“they weren’t at home”说有时他们不在家，前后是转折关系。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会把它们抽出来，把我小胳膊伸到沙发的缝隙里，希望能找到一些从别人口袋里掉出来的零钱。A. wave挥手；B. hold握住；C. cross穿过；D. stretch伸展。根据下文“till deep into the cracks of the sofa”可知，“我”是把小胳膊伸进沙发缝隙里。“stretch”（伸展）符合语境。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会把它们抽出来，把我小胳膊伸到沙发的缝隙里，希望能找到一些从别人口袋里掉出来的零钱。A. jumped跳；B. poured倾倒；C. fallen掉落；D. flown飞。根据句意以及下文“someone’s pockets”可知，“我”希望找到从某人口袋里掉出来的零钱。“fallen”（掉落）符合语境。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，我经常能找到一角硬币或25美分的硬币。A. surprise惊讶；B. relief缓解；C. credit信用；D. delight高兴。根据下文“I would find a dime or a quarter. Then I would run off to the pool happily.”可知，找到零钱让“我”很高兴。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到最近，我才意识到夏天我在那里发现了很多钱。A. money钱；B. love爱；C. clues线索；D. chances机会。前文一直说在沙发垫里找钱，所以这里是说最近“我”意识到在夏天能在那里找到很多钱。“money”（钱）符合语境。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得有几次在冬天的垫子里找，却找不到一分钱。A. admit承认；B. remember记得；C. enjoy享受；D. keep坚持。根据下文“looking between the cushions in the winter a few times”可知，“我”记得在冬天也在沙发垫之间找过几次。“remember”（记得）符合。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得有几次在冬天的垫子里找，却找不到一分钱。A. pretending假装；B. failing失败；C. hoping希望；D. deciding决定。根据下文“find a penny”以及“yet”可知，这里表示转折，冬天找钱的结果和夏天不同，夏天能找到，冬天却找不到。“failing”（未能）符合语境。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我从来没有见过他们，但我想爸爸妈妈会把零钱放在那里让我找。A. gather聚集；B. arrange安排；C. drop掉落，放下；D. throw扔。根据下文“…there for me to find”可知，“我”认为是父母把零钱放在那里让“我”找到的。“drop”（掉落，放下）符合语境。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们知道这样做会让我开心，让我的脸上露出笑容。A. way方式；B. day天；C. choice选择；D. fortune运气。父母知道这会让“我”开心，让“我” 这一天都很愉快。“make one's day”（使某人一天非常快活）是固定短语。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当然，即使在我长大后，他们也没有说过一句话。A. turned up出现；B. gone away离开；C. grown up长大；D. calmed down平静下来。根据句意以及上文“they never said a word even after”可知，即使在“我”长大后，他们也从未说过一个字。“grown up”（长大）符合语境。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想有些秘密太好了，不能分享。A. memories记忆；B. secrets秘密；C. feelings感觉；D. experiences经历。根据上下文语境可知，父母故意放零钱让“我”找这件事是他们的秘密，有些秘密太美好而不必说出来。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想，也许看不见的善举有一种特别的快乐。A. curiosity好奇心；B. generosity慷慨；C. gratitude感激；D. kindness善良。根据下文“…has a special joy to it”可知，父母这种不被看见的行为是一种善意的行为。“kindness”（善良，善意）符合语境。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道你在帮助他人，让某人的生活变得更好，也让这个世界成为一个更有爱的地方。A. loving有爱的；B. peaceful和平的；C. secure安全的；D. lively活泼的。根据句意以及上文“You know that you are helping another, making someone’s life better”可知，你知道你在帮助别人，让别人的生活更美好，让这个世界成为一个更有爱的地方。“loving”（有爱的）符合语境。故选A项。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People have been talking about Xiao Hua, ____36____ hairdresser who listens and understands. They praise her with the phrase, “a cut that makes you look great,” and appreciate her sincerity and devotion. ____37____ people really value is her attitude of putting the customers’ needs first. Reports indicate that ____38____ her sudden rise to fame, the haircut prices remain ____39____ (change). This has led some of her peers to question her low pricing, ____40____ (claim) it sets the industry back more than a decade. In response, she stated that her skills are currently worth this money, and her biggest wish is to see every customer leave the salon with a smile. However, the real reason why Xiao Hua attracts customers isn’t the “low prices”, ____41____ her respectful and caring approach, which arouses a sense of long-lost ____42____ (warm). In recent years, problems like rising prices and over advertising ____43____ (arise). Xiao Hua’s ____44____ (afford) haircuts appeal to consumers by popping the industry’s price bubble. So, she encourages the industry to rethink its _____45_____ (practice) rather than “sets the industry back”. Her success reveals a simple truth: regardless of pricing or market positioning, genuine service and customer satisfaction is the key to sustainable growth. 【答案】36. a 37. What 38. despite 39. unchanged 40. claiming 41. but 42. warmth 43. have arisen 44. affordable 45. practices 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了理发师晓华因倾听理解顾客受关注，人们赞其手艺，欣赏她以顾客需求为先的态度。她成名后理发价格不变，遭同行质疑低价使行业倒退，她认为自己技术值这价，愿顾客带笑离店。晓华吸引顾客关键并非低价，而是尊重关心顾客带来的温暖感。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：人们一直在谈论晓华，一个倾听和理解的理发师。根据句意可知，这里表示泛指“一个理发师”，“hairdresser”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：人们真正看重的是她把顾客需求放在第一位的态度。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指 “人们真正看重的东西”，所以用连接代词“What” 引导主语从句。故填What。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：报道显示，尽管她突然成名，理发价格却没有变化。根据句意可知，前后句表示让步关系，“尽管她突然成名，但理发价格仍然……”，her sudden rise to fame为名词词组，“despite”表示“尽管”，是介词。故填despite。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：报道显示，尽管她突然成名，理发价格却没有变化。“remain” 是系动词，这里表示“理发价格仍然不变”，“unchanged”是形容词，意为“不变的”，作表语。故填unchanged。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这导致她的一些同行质疑她的低定价，声称这使该行业倒退了十多年。此处为非谓语动词作状语，“claim”与逻辑主语“some of her peers”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“claiming”作状语。故填claiming。 【41题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：然而，晓华吸引顾客的真正原因不是“低价格”，而是她的尊重和关怀，唤起了久违的温暖感。“not…but...”是固定句型，意为“不是……而是……”，这里表示“晓华吸引顾客的真正原因不是‘低价’，而是她尊重和关心的态度”。故填but。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，晓华吸引顾客的真正原因不是“低价格”，而是她的尊重和关怀，唤起了久违的温暖感。“of” 是介词，后面接名词，“warm”的名词形式是 “warmth”，意为“温暖”。故填warmth。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，出现了价格上涨和过度广告等问题。此处为谓语动词的填入，“In recent years”是现在完成时的标志词，“problems”是复数，“arise”的过去分词是“arisen”，所以用现在完成时“have arisen”。故填have arisen。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：晓华的平价理发方式打破了美发行业的价格泡沫，从而吸引了消费者。根据句意可知，这里需要一个形容词修饰 “haircuts”，“afford” 的形容词形式是 “affordable”，意为 “负担得起的；价格合理的”。故填affordable。 【45题详解】 考查名词复数形式。句意：因此，她鼓励行业重新思考其做法，而不是“让行业倒退”。“practice” 在这里表示“惯例；做法”，是可数名词，结合句意可知，这里应该用复数形式“practices”。故填practices。 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的外教 Ryan 决定组织一次班级周末出游，现在就出游计划“a trip to a famous mountain or an ancient city”征求意见。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括： (1)你的选择及理由； (2)你的预期收获。 注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ryan, I’m excited at the upcoming outing plan, and I’m writing to share my thoughts with you. I vote for the trip to an ancient city. The ancient city is like a living history book, filled with well-preserved historical sites like ancient city walls and traditional courtyard houses. These can give us a vivid picture of what life was like in the past. Also, with its rich and unique culture, we can explore traditional handicrafts, taste local specialties, and even participate in some age-old cultural activities. It would be a great chance to immerse ourselves in the long-standing Chinese culture. I’m really looking forward to this trip. I expect to have in-depth conversations with local people to learn more about their stories and traditions. And I can’t wait to take amazing photos to record this special journey. Thank you for organizing the outing. I’m sure it will be a great success no matter which destination we choose. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作。要求考生给外教 Ryan写封邮件，就其组织的班级周末出游计划给出自己的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→ thrilled 充满了：be filled with→ be full of 参加：participate in→ take part in 机会：chance→ opportunity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The ancient city is like a living history book, filled with well-preserved historical sites like ancient city walls and traditional courtyard houses. 拓展句：The ancient city is like a living history book, which is filled with well-preserved historical sites like ancient city walls and traditional courtyard houses. 【点睛】【高分句型1】These can give us a vivid picture of what life was like in the past.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I’m sure it will be a great success no matter which destination we choose.（运用了省略that的宾语从句和no matter引导的状语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School was out! I grabbed my backpack and headed to the library for my favorite weekly after-school activity: Writing Club. “Hello, everyone,” said Miss Lisa, our writing club leader. “Today we’ll share our stories with a critique partner, who will give us helpful feedback (反馈) to improve them. Then submit your story by next week, solo or coauthored.” My partner was Penny. I was nervous. I had no problem coming up with great story ideas but struggled with spelling. And grammar. And punctuation. Penny who always got perfect scores in those areas, didn’t look at me as she pushed her story towards me. I read it without stopping. “Wow, great story,” I told her, “I don’t have any suggestions.” She corrected some mistakes in my story hurriedly, and handed it back without looking at me. “OK, time is up for today,” said Miss Lisa. Penny looked relieved. She jumped up and grabbed her backpack. Bang! Everything fell out. She quickly stuffed it back in and hurried away. I noticed a book under the table. The description on the back matched Penny’s story exactly. I couldn’t believe she had copied this idea! Outside the school, spotting Penny on a bench, I walked over. “You dropped this,” I said, holding out the book and raising my eyebrows. Penny’s shoulders were slumped. She sniffed and wiped her nose on her sleeve. She was crying, “Didn’t know what to write!” All of a sudden, I wasn’t angry anymore. I remembered my job as her partner was to give helpful feedback, not to make her feel bad. But what should I say? I decided to ask Mom for advice. In the kitchen, Dad chopped vegetables perfectly while Mom stirred a sauce. She offered him a taste. “It’s good,” Dad said, “but I think...” “It needs something extra. I have an idea.” Mom interjected. He handed her a measuring spoon. “To get the right amount.” Mom added a teaspoon of a new spice. I realized Mom and Dad had different skills, making them a great team. With Dad’s attention to detail and Mom’s sense of adventure, their dinners turned out delicious. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Watching Mom and Dad cook gave me an idea to suggest to Penny. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “What about the true story of you and me?” Penny asked me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version: Watching Mom and Dad cook gave me an idea to suggest to Penny. The next morning, I found Penny sitting on the same bench, her eyes red from crying. When I approached her, her eyes widened slightly, as if bracing for criticism. But instead, I said gently, “Hey, Penny. I understand how you feel. We all have our strengths and weaknesses.” Her eyes met mine for the first time, questioning, “You mean... you’re not mad at me?” I shook my head. “Let’s work together and see what we can come up with.” Penny’s brows were smoothed but then knitted again. “But what should we write about?” she asked? I told her my ideas always came from life. She nodded. a small smile lifting the corners of her lips. (114 words) “What about the true story of you and me?” she asked me. I exclaimed, “Fantastic!” giving her a thumbs-up. “Maybe we can write about how we overcame our differences and learned to work together as a team.” I started brainstorming ideas, and Penny quickly caught on, adding her pressure and struggle when coming up with ideas. We spent the next few days working on the story, with me writing the first draft and Penny refining it. During the process, I noticed Penny’s confidence growing. After the presentation of our story, Miss Lisa praised, “This is an excellent example of how two people with different strengths come together to create something truly amazing.” From then on, we continued to work together, each bringing out the best in the other. (116 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。在写作俱乐部，我和Penny是搭档。我擅长构思，却常在拼写、语法和标点上出错；Penny则相反，成绩优异却缺乏创意。一次，我发现她抄袭故事，本想指责，但看到她因写作困难而哭泣，我决定换种方式。回到家，我从父母做饭的默契中得到启发，意识到我们虽各有不足，但也能互补。第二天，我主动与Penny沟通，提出合作写故事，她欣然同意。我们携手创作，最终赢得老师赞誉。这次经历让我明白，合作的力量远大于指责。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看着爸爸妈妈做饭，我有了一个建议Penny的主意。”可知，第一段可描写作者没有指责Penny而是通过和她交流共同寻找写作思路。 ②由第二段首句内容“‘那你和我的真实故事呢？’她问我。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Penny把他们的经历写成故事并得到老师的称赞。 2.续写线索：得到启发——交流——找到思路——共同写作——完成写作——得到表扬 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①走近：approach/come close to ②微笑：smile/grin ③完善：refine/polish 情绪类 ①哭泣：cry/weep/sob ②生气的：mad/angry 【点睛】[高分句型1] When I approached her, her eyes widened slightly, as if bracing for criticism.（运用了when引导时间状语从句和as if引导的状语从句的省略） [高分句型2] I started brainstorming ideas, and Penny quickly caught on, adding her pressure and struggle when coming up with ideas.（运用了现在分词作状语和when引导的时间状语从句的省略） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025 届天河区普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) 英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座位号和考生号填写在答题卡相应的位置上，再用2B铅笔把考号的对应数字涂黑。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案。不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Pre-College Summer School Program for High School Students Harvard’s Pre-College Program for high school students is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a taste of college life. You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. Application Please complete an online application form and provide supplemental (补充的) materials, including: Transcripts from 9th to 12th grade: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your school. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL, iBT, or IELTS. Courses With almost 30 courses to choose from in each session, you’re sure to find a topic that triggers your interest. The courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, and a Harvard transcript with a grade of AR or NM (“requirements met” or “requirements not met”). This is a great way to supplement your college application. Cost & Aid The total cost for a session is $5,800, including tuition, room and meal plan, activity costs, and an accident and sickness insurance plan. There is also a non-refundable $75 application fee. A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial need. Awards vary based on need, and a typical award covers a portion of the tuition. 1. The program is designed for high school students to ______. A. live on Harvard campus B. experience life in college C. take a college course D. study with college students 2. What is a must to apply for the program? A. A high school degree. B. An academic report from school. C. A score from TOEFL, iBT or IELTS. D. A report from a college counselor. 3. What can each participant get when the program ends? A. A degree from Harvard. B. A scholarship award. C. An evaluation without letter grades. D. Recommendation for college application. B When I was a kid, I hated reading until eighth grade, when my mom said, “You are going to do your reading with me, from now on.” It was my first experience of being led through challenging books with an expert guide. Every few pages, Mom would stop and ask me questions that challenged my thinking about the text, drew me deeper into its themes and created a space to ask my own questions. And this is how I came to love reading — and came to be a professor of classic literature. Most of my students who hate reading don’t have mothers like mine. And one-to-one tutorial is impossible in my mid-sized university. But recently, in a conversation with a friend about ways AI might make museums dynamic and interactive, I thought about books. What if AI-enabled chat windows could be introduced in a text and offer a site of real-time conversation about it with someone as smart as my mom? Then I started creating Rebind, an e-reading platform. I dictated 30 hours of answers to nearly 1,200 questions about Thoreau’s Walden and asked another 1,000 reader-interesting questions. The work was dull: just me talking into my recorder. Then it struck me that being interviewed about the book might make it pleasant, meaningful and, most importantly, dynamic. So I invited Michael Goodwin, a Thoreau expert, to ask me questions. It worked. Michael, playing an inquisitive student, drew out insights I didn’t even know I had. This led to a key idea: if AI platforms use real conversations, about meaningful subjects, as their training ground, users are more likely to have rich, simulated (模拟的) conversations about such subjects. I tested this by interviewing the prizewinner John Banville about James Joyce’s Dubliners, and the results were remarkable. The conversations in the e-reader sounded like, and reacted like, the conversations between Banville and myself. I’d like everyone to love reading and use AI in ways that aren’t meaningless or disappointing. In my heart, like my mother, I’m a teacher, and I believe this is one of the great teachable moments of our time. 4. Which best describes the author’s reading experience with his mother? A. Theme-based. B. Challenge-free. C. Passive-listening. D. Question-driven. 5. Why did the author create Rebind? A. To innovate teaching methods. B. To make reading interactive. C. To involve experts in discussion. D. To provide a platform for sharing. 6. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Creative and devoted. B. Patient and modest. C. Ambitious and skeptical. D. Reflective and reserved. 7 What is the best title for the text? A. How will AI transform teaching? B. AI is the future of interactive reading. C. My reading experience with an AI-expert friend. D. How did I transform reading with AI? C The dappled stars and swirling clouds (漩涡云) in The Starry Night are thought to reflect the artist’s troubled state of mind when he painted it in 1889. Now, a new study suggests Vincent van Gogh had a deep understanding of how turbulent flow (湍流)moves. Turbulent flow occurs in fluids like ocean currents and storm clouds, where big swirls break into smaller ones. “These swirls aren’t random. They arrange themselves in specific patterns that can be predicted by physical laws,” explained Yongxiang Huang, lead author of the study. Huang and his colleagues examined 14 main whirling shapes in a digital version of the painting. The atmospheric motion in the painted sky cannot be directly measured, so they measured the size of brushstrokes and the brightness of varying paint colors. They discovered that the 14 big swirls match a physical law called Kolmogorov’s theory of turbulence. The smallest paint mixes also follow a pattern known as Batchelor’s scaling. Finding both laws in one painting is rare, and it is such an amazing coincidence (巧合). Van Gogh would not have been aware it was physics, but likely he spent a lot of time observing turbulence in nature. “It must be planted into his mind so that he could make this famous painting so convincing,” Huang said. The team performed a similar analysis and detected the same phenomenon in another painting, Chain Pier, Brighton by John Constable in 1826. While it doesn’t have clear swirls, its clouds show rich structures like those seen in the sky. Scientists have long struggled to fully understand turbulent flow, which is important for weather forecasting, flight turbulence and many other processes. Even after over 100 years of study, defining this complex natural phenomenon is still challenging. Huang also noted that artworks like The Starry Night matching turbulence models might mean the statistical methods and tools are less precise than thought. 8. What is the main focus of the new study? A. Van Gogh’s troubled mental state. B. The artist’s hidden talent for science. C. The display of swirls in the painting. D. The artistic value of the painting. 9. Which is a way researchers analysed the atmospheric motion in The Starry Night? A. Predicting the physical laws in the sky. B. Comparing the swirls with their digital versions. C. Measuring the movement of brushstrokes. D. Examining the variations of paint colors. 10. What probably made Van Gogh’s The Starry Night so vivid? A. Awareness of capturing beauty. B. Insightful observations of nature. C. Complicated painting techniques. D. Scientific understanding of turbulence. 11. Why did the researchers study Chain Pier, Brighton? A. To check their previous study result. B. To show they take the study seriously. C. To provide background information for the research. D. To confirm clear swirls are unique to Van Gogh’s works. D Most of us maintain an informal mental rank of our friendships. My friend R. went a step further by ranking his friends on a computer document. The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life — busy yet unfulfilled, and he built his friend list to diagnose why. He found that he had a small group of first-tier friends and a huge number of acquaintances. But the friends who caused him the most burden and stress were those in the middle ranks. Call them the “medium friends”. R. told me about a certain friend. They were close during college but by their 30s, R. simply did not feel as connected to her as he once did. When this friend recently reached out for his support, his initial reaction was annoyance, followed by guilt. But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy, given what their friendship had become. He wrestled but did nothing. Emily Langan, a communication professor who studies friendship, described this as feeling guilty for not being more involved because they were just not that kind of friend. Medium friends are genuine friends who share history or interests. They make you laugh or offer insights. But, unlike the closest friends, medium friends test the limits of your time, love and energy. There are so many dinners in a week, and so many people with whom you can be constantly texting. Medium friends prove it impossible to be all things to all people. And that is the problem with medium friends, the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified — to them or even, possibly, to yourself. Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship. The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity, allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer, a sociologist, referred to in an interview as “asymmetric expectation”: You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you. 12. Why does the author mention R.’s friend list? A. To highlight the need to assess friendship. B. To remind us to keep a balance in friendship. C. To give an example of categorizing friends. D. To show us the possible problem with friendship. 13. How did R. feel when his medium friend asked him for help? A. He felt she was asking too much. B. He was too ready to lend a hand. C. He was annoyed for not knowing how to help. D. He felt guilty that she wasn’t a close friend. 14. What is the main problem with medium friends? A. They provide limited love. B. There is a lack of clear boundaries. C. There are too many of them. D. They are less reliable than expected. 15. What does the underlined word “asymmetric” in the last paragraph mean? A. Unrealistic. B. Annoying. C. Unequal. D. Invisible. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You are well aware that you truly desire to achieve good grades. Either your parents have put pressure on you, or you’ve promised yourself to perform better. However, you are constantly being distracted! ____16____ You can cut out the distractions you have control over and minimize the ones you can’t stop completely if you try the following tips. When you notice specific distractions, you can block them out. ____17____ Take note of this specific distraction and then tell yourself you are going to overcome it. The next time you see it happen, remind yourself not to look. Keep doing this every time the distraction comes up, and eventually you will no longer notice it. ____18____ Life can get really busy, so it’s no surprise if you find yourself distracted from studying by thoughts about everything else. Rather than acting like all of those other needs don’t exist, why not give yourself an outlet? Spend 5 minutes thinking about everything that’s on your plate, but then tell yourself it’s time to focus on the main task for now: studying. Prioritize your studying by setting a main goal. For example, if you have a biology exam coming up that covers three chapters, you don’t have to cram everything into one study session. ____19____ Breaking things down and establishing just one primary aim will make your study plan more manageable. Go off the network. Texting, social media, calls, and other distractions that come from our electronic devices are some of the biggest barriers to staying focused when studying. ____20____ If you do these consistently, you should find that you gradually spend less and less time being distracted. A. Set a study schedule. B. To be distracted is common. C. You should give yourself a worry break. D. Try focusing first on the parts that give you trouble. E. Luckily, the fix is easy and totally within your control — unplug yourself! F. If you keep your phone in another room, you’re less likely to use it while studying. G. Say you’re trying to study in the library and you keep getting distracted by someone texting. 第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a young boy, we lived near a public swimming pool. During the summer months, I would be there swimming and playing for hours. The ____21____ thing of all was that they had a concession stand there. You could buy a cola for only 15 cents or a bag of chips for a dime. Often my parents would give me a quarter so I could have a ____22____ there. Sometimes, ____23____, they weren’t at home. That is when I would try the sofa cushions (坐垫). I would pull them out, ____24____ my little arms till deep into the cracks of the sofa, hoping to find some spare change that had ____25____ out of someone’s pockets. Often to my ____26____, I would find a dime or a quarter. Then I would run off to the pool happily. It’s only recently, however, that I realized I found ____27____ there an awful lot during the summertime. I ____28____ looking between the cushions in the winter a few times, yet ____29____ to find a penny. Although I never saw them, I think Mom and Dad would ______30______ change down there for me to find. They did so knowing it would make my ______31______ and bring a smile to my face. Of course, they never said a word even after I had ______32______. I guess some ______33______ are too good to share. I think that maybe an unseen act of ______34______ has a special joy to it. You get no appreciation or thanks for it, at least not to your face. Yet, it fills your heart with happiness. You know that you are helping another, making someone’s life better and this world a more ______35______ place. 21. A. best B. craziest C. strangest D. simplest 22 A. toy B. snack C. walk D. talk 23. A. even B. though C. besides D. therefore 24. A. wave B. hold C. cross D. stretch 25. A. jumped B. poured C. fallen D. flown 26. A. surprise B. relief C. credit D. delight 27. A. money B. love C. clues D. chances 28. A. admit B. remember C. enjoy D. keep 29 A. pretending B. failing C. hoping D. deciding 30. A. gather B. arrange C. drop D. throw 31. A. way B. day C. choice D. fortune 32. A. turned up B. gone away C. grown up D. calmed down 33 A. memories B. secrets C. feelings D. experiences 34. A. curiosity B. generosity C. gratitude D. kindness 35. A. loving B. peaceful C. secure D. lively 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People have been talking about Xiao Hua, ____36____ hairdresser who listens and understands. They praise her with the phrase, “a cut that makes you look great,” and appreciate her sincerity and devotion. ____37____ people really value is her attitude of putting the customers’ needs first. Reports indicate that ____38____ her sudden rise to fame, the haircut prices remain ____39____ (change). This has led some of her peers to question her low pricing, ____40____ (claim) it sets the industry back more than a decade. In response, she stated that her skills are currently worth this money, and her biggest wish is to see every customer leave the salon with a smile. However, the real reason why Xiao Hua attracts customers isn’t the “low prices”, ____41____ her respectful and caring approach, which arouses a sense of long-lost ____42____ (warm). In recent years, problems like rising prices and over advertising ____43____ (arise). Xiao Hua’s ____44____ (afford) haircuts appeal to consumers by popping the industry’s price bubble. So, she encourages the industry to rethink its _____45_____ (practice) rather than “sets the industry back”. Her success reveals a simple truth: regardless of pricing or market positioning, genuine service and customer satisfaction is the key to sustainable growth. 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的外教 Ryan 决定组织一次班级周末出游，现在就出游计划“a trip to a famous mountain or an ancient city”征求意见。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括： (1)你的选择及理由； (2)你的预期收获。 注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School was out! I grabbed my backpack and headed to the library for my favorite weekly after-school activity: Writing Club. “Hello, everyone,” said Miss Lisa, our writing club leader. “Today we’ll share our stories with a critique partner, who will give us helpful feedback (反馈) to improve them. Then submit your story by next week, solo or coauthored.” My partner was Penny. I was nervous. I had no problem coming up with great story ideas but struggled with spelling. And grammar. And punctuation. Penny, who always got perfect scores in those areas, didn’t look at me as she pushed her story towards me. I read it without stopping. “Wow, great story,” I told her, “I don’t have any suggestions.” She corrected some mistakes in my story hurriedly, and handed it back without looking at me. “OK, time is up for today,” said Miss Lisa. Penny looked relieved. She jumped up and grabbed her backpack. Bang! Everything fell out. She quickly stuffed it back in and hurried away. I noticed a book under the table. The description on the back matched Penny’s story exactly. I couldn’t believe she had copied this idea! Outside the school, spotting Penny on a bench, I walked over. “You dropped this,” I said, holding out the book and raising my eyebrows. Penny’s shoulders were slumped. She sniffed and wiped her nose on her sleeve. She was crying, “Didn’t know what to write!” All of a sudden, I wasn’t angry anymore. I remembered my job as her partner was to give helpful feedback, not to make her feel bad. But what should I say? I decided to ask Mom for advice. In the kitchen, Dad chopped vegetables perfectly while Mom stirred a sauce. She offered him a taste. “It’s good,” Dad said, “but I think...” “It needs something extra. I have an idea.” Mom interjected. He handed her a measuring spoon. “To get the right amount.” Mom added a teaspoon of a new spice. I realized Mom and Dad had different skills, making them a great team. With Dad’s attention to detail and Mom’s sense of adventure, their dinners turned out delicious. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Watching Mom and Dad cook gave me an idea to suggest to Penny. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “What about the true story of you and me?” Penny asked me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$