Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures分层作业-【上好课】高一英语同步高效课堂（人教版必修第三册）

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．We arrived at the stadium, only (find) that the game had been cancelled. 2．Parents and children should communicate more (narrow) the gap between them. （所给词的适当形式填空） 3．Anxious parents do what they can (comfort) nervous and crying children. 4． (strength) the relationship between the two countries, more trade cooperation will be promoted. 5．China is the first country back lunar soil samples from the far side of the moon.( bring) 6．We stopped on the mountain pass (admire) the scenery. 7． (honour) our school’s founder who had devoted his life to education and the development of the school, the library was named after him. 8．I was very excited to find that there was a lot (explore) in senior high school. 9．She is the first Chinese (break) the world record in the Olympic Games. 10．Ales was happy that he got the chance (compete) in the national championship. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．Xiaomi Su7, the new model of electric car is so expensive that it is (超出) the reach of those with average income. 12．If you (缺乏) the knowledge of his background, it is hard for you to understand his works. 13．The beauty of the West Lake is (无法) description. 14．The evidence presented was (充足的) to prove his innocence. 15．They really made me (流汗) during the interview. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．Taking regular exercises is the most efficient way to s your body. 17．College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to f it out. 18．I would have gone to the party last night, but I was too tired. O , I would have had a lot of fun. 19．When the students on the playground saw the colorful balloons f in the sky, they became excited. 20．In order to achieve high grades and d yourself in any examinations, there are certain things you must do. 四、完成句子 21．好好生活是最健康、最有效的塑身方式。 Living well is the safest and most way to . 22．I’m nervous pay attention when he introduced himself. 我太紧张了，以至于他自我介绍时我没注意。 23．I’m filling in a form a part-time job. 我正在填表申请一份兼职工作。 24．高中会有很多事物等待着我去探索。 There is a lot at senior high school. 25．为了实现我的梦想，我要更加努力学习。 , I will study harder. (动词不定式作目的状语) 五、翻译 26．充分利用你所接受的教育，让世界变得更美好。（汉译英） 27．纪念品的价格从十元到一千元不等，以满足不同游客的需求。(range) (汉译英) 28．无论如何，找个机会和她深入，坦诚地谈一谈。(case) (汉译英) 29．任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步让自己振作起来。 (定语从句) (汉译英) 30．课堂上，我们轮流发言，确保每个人的意见被听取。(turn) (汉译英) 六、七选五 The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries. As technology has advanced, our ability to explore the moon has also increased. 31 One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 32 These spacecrafts are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition, atmosphere, and geological features. By studying the moon, scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system. Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction (提取). 33 They could be used for various purposes, including the production of fuel and building materials. Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future. Moreover, lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery. By studying the moon, we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 34 Furthermore, new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world. 35 The moon’s harsh environment, lack of atmosphere, and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations. Despite these challenges, scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration. In conclusion, lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the moon and its role in our solar system. A．They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time. B．However, lunar exploration is not without its challenges. C．It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life. D．This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology. E．The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources. F．Here are some of the introductions of the unmanned spacecraft and new study. G．Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits. 能力提升 一、完形填空 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 1．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 2．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 3．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 4．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 5．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 6．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 7．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 8．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 9．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 10．A．when B．where C．why D．how 11．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 12．A．his B．their C．our D．your 13．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 14．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．advised 15．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China launched the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship on October 30,2024, carrying three astronauts to China’s Tiangong space station fora six-month mission. This is 1 significant journey as two of the three astronauts were born in the 1990s. Particularly Wang Haoze, one of the two young astronauts, 2 (be) the first Chinese female engineer to explore the space. It shows that China attaches great importance 3 science research and gender (性别) equality in space. The team’s commander, Cai Xuzhe, is an experienced astronaut 4 once took part in the Shenzhou-14 mission. The presence of such an 5 (amaze) member on board makes the whole crew more stable and reliable. He shared his experience with the new-generation members, 6 (create) a balance of experience and newness in China’s astronaut team. 7 (actual), the Shenzhou-19 astronauts will stay at the space station for about six months. Apart from carrying out the experiments, the three astronauts will receive the Tianzhou-8 cargo ship (货运飞船), which will arrive with 8 (supply). Later, the Shenzhou-20 will arrive with a new crew 9 (replace) them. The technologies in the missions are not new, 10 they will be tested further this time so as to be ripe enough to form a stabler loop. 三、书面表达 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Joe sat on his bed and looked at his birthday presents. They were great! Smart new sports shoes from his mum. A fishing rod (竿) from his dad. And best of all, his grandpa had given him a watch.  A proper, grown-up watch with a silver face. Joe looked at the watch. It was so beautiful. “Look after it, Joe,” said his mother. “It was expensive.” Joe nodded. “I will, Mum. I promise. ” That was last night — Saturday. Now it was Sunday, and Joe was going fishing. “Are you wearing them to go fishing?” Joe’s mum pointed at his new shoes. “It’s been raining all night, Joe. The river bank will be muddy (泥泞的). Wear your old shoes. ” “No, it’s my birthday weekend,” said Joe. “I want to wear my new things. It will be okay. The rain has stopped now. ” He quickly pulled on his jacket and left the house. “Bye!” He knew a perfect place to fish. It was flat, like a little beach. He could stand really close to the water. Soon he was there. The beach was empty. The only thing there was a huge white swan (天鹅). After seeing Joe, the swan walked into the water and sailed away. Joe began to fish. An hour went by. Joe continued to fish happily. But the sky was getting dark. Rain! It began to fall. It was hard and heavy. “Go away!” said Joe. “It’s my birthday weekend. I want to fish!” The rain didn’t go away. It rained even harder. Another hour went by. The rain didn’t stop. Joe was wet through, but he wouldn’t go home. It was his special day, and he was going to stay. He threw his fishing line out again. But his hands were wet and the fishing rod was slippy (滑的). The rod flew out of his hands and dropped in the river. “NO! My new rod!” He ran forward. But the beach had turned muddy. His new shoes were ruined in a moment. Then one of them came off completely. It was stuck in the mud behind him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Joe tried to turn around to pick it up but he lost his balance. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that time, the swan came back and saw something shiny and silver in the water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 15 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．We arrived at the stadium, only (find) that the game had been cancelled. 【答案】to find 【详解】查非谓语动词。句意：我们到达体育场，结果发现比赛被取消了。该句使用了“only to do something”结构，通常表示一种出乎意料或令人失望的结果，意为“结果却发生了某事”。这里用find“发现”的不定式形式，作结果状语，故填to find。 2．Parents and children should communicate more (narrow) the gap between them. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to narrow 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父母和孩子应该多沟通，以缩小他们之间的代沟。narrow作动词，意为“使……缩小”；根据句意，设空处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to narrow。 3．Anxious parents do what they can (comfort) nervous and crying children. 【答案】to comfort 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：焦虑的父母尽其所能安慰紧张哭泣的孩子。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了安慰紧张哭泣的孩子”。故填to comfort。 4． (strength) the relationship between the two countries, more trade cooperation will be promoted. 【答案】To strengthen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强两国之间的关系，将会促进更多的贸易合作。这里“加强两国之间的关系”是目的，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，strength的动词形式为strengthen，意为“加强”，位于句首要大写首字母。故填To strengthen。 5．China is the first country back lunar soil samples from the far side of the moon.( bring) 【答案】to bring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是第一个从月球背面带回月壤样品的国家。当名词“country”前有序数词“the first”修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。 6．We stopped on the mountain pass (admire) the scenery. 【答案】to admire 【详解】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：我们停在山口欣赏风景。本句已经存在谓语stopped，所以admire应该充当非谓语，根据句意，我们停在山口的目的是欣赏美景，这里需要填入不定式充当目的状语。故答案是to admire。 7． (honour) our school’s founder who had devoted his life to education and the development of the school, the library was named after him. 【答案】To honour 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了纪念为教育和学校的发展奉献了一生的学校创始人，图书馆以他的名字命名。honour为动词，表示“尊重、纪念”，根据句中谓语“was named”可知，应用非谓语动词形式，与“the library”之间为主动关系，作目的状语，表示“为了纪念”，故应用动词不定式；句首字母大写。故填To honour。 8．I was very excited to find that there was a lot (explore) in senior high school. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我很兴奋地发现高中有很多东西要探索。“there be+名词+to do”为固定句型，本空应用explore“探索”的不定式形式，作a lot的后置定语，表将来。故填to explore。 9．She is the first Chinese (break) the world record in the Olympic Games. 【答案】to break 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一个在奥运会上打破世界纪录的中国人。the first+名词+动词不定式表示“第一个做某事的人”，空处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词Chinese。故填to break。 10．Ales was happy that he got the chance (compete) in the national championship. 【答案】to compete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ales很高兴他有机会参加全国锦标赛。根据句子结构，chance后面常接不定式形式作后置定语，get the chance to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”。故填to compete。 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．Xiaomi Su7, the new model of electric car is so expensive that it is (超出) the reach of those with average income. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：小米Su7，这种新型电动汽车太贵了，一般收入的人买不起。根据汉语提示及句意可知，空处用介词beyond表示“超出”，beyond the reach of...表示“超出……的能力或范围”。故填beyond。 12．If you (缺乏) the knowledge of his background, it is hard for you to understand his works. 【答案】lack 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你不了解他的背景，你就很难理解他的作品。根据汉语提示及句意可知，空处缺谓语动词，“lack”作动词，表示“缺乏”，描述客观情况用一般现在时。故填lack。 13．The beauty of the West Lake is (无法) description. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：西湖之美难以言表。根据汉语提示“无法”可知，此处为介词beyond，beyond description为固定搭配，意为“难以形容，难以言表”。故填beyond。 14．The evidence presented was (充足的) to prove his innocence. 【答案】adequate/sufficient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所提供的证据足以证明他的清白。结合“to prove his innocence”可知，“充足的”应用形容词adequate或sufficient，作表语。故填adequate/sufficient。 15．They really made me (流汗) during the interview. 【答案】sweat 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们在面试中真的让我流汗。根据汉语提示“流汗”为sweat, 作动词使用，符合题意。make sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，故用动词原形。故填sweat。 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．Taking regular exercises is the most efficient way to s your body. 【答案】strengthen/trengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：经常锻炼身体是增强体质最有效的方法。根据首字母和句意可知，空格处应用动词“增强、加强”即strengthen，构成不定式短语作定语。故填strengthen。 17．College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to f it out. 【答案】figure/igure 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：大学是我们应该专注于一个特定专业的时候，但高中是我们必须弄清楚的时候。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为动词短语figure out“弄清楚，弄明白”，have to后面接动词原形。故填figure。 18．I would have gone to the party last night, but I was too tired. O , I would have had a lot of fun. 【答案】Otherwise/therwise 【详解】考查副词。句意：昨晚我本来要去参加晚会的，但我太累了。不然的话，我会玩得很开心的。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用副词otherwise，首字母大写。故填Otherwise。 19．When the students on the playground saw the colorful balloons f in the sky, they became excited. 【答案】floating/loating 【详解】考查动词。句意：当操场上的学生们看到天上飘着五颜六色的气球时，他们变得兴奋起来。根据句意和所给首字母，应是float意为“漂浮”，本句已有谓语动词saw，所以float用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语balloons之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填floating。 20．In order to achieve high grades and d yourself in any examinations, there are certain things you must do. 【答案】distinguish/istinguish 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了在任何考试中取得高分并表现出色，你必须做一些事情。根据句意和首字母提示，应填distinguish“使出众”符合句意，构成不定式，distinguish用achieve并列作目的状语，and连接省略不定式符号，故用原形动词，distinguish oneself“突出”。故填distinguish。 四、完成句子 21．好好生活是最健康、最有效的塑身方式。 Living well is the safest and most way to . 【答案】 effective get into shape 【详解】考查形容词，动词不定式和固定搭配。根据句意可知，空处应用表示“有效的”的形容词effective；表示“……的方式”应用way to do，动词不定式作way的后置定语；表示“塑身”的固定搭配为get into shape，与空前to，构成动词不定式。故空1填effective；故空2填get；故空3填into；故空4填shape。 22．I’m nervous pay attention when he introduced himself. 我太紧张了，以至于他自我介绍时我没注意。 【答案】 too to 【详解】考查固定结构。对比中英文可知，空处表示“太……以至于没……”，且第二空后为动词短语pay attention，因此用固定结构too… to…表示。故填①too②to。 23．I’m filling in a form a part-time job. 我正在填表申请一份兼职工作。 【答案】 to apply for 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“申请”，应用动词短语apply for，句中已有谓语动词“am filling”,空处应用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，应用不定式短语“to apply for”表示填表的目的，即申请一份兼职工作。故填①to②apply③for。 24．高中会有很多事物等待着我去探索。 There is a lot at senior high school. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“探索”用动词explore，动词不定式作后置定语修饰a lot，故填to explore。 25．为了实现我的梦想，我要更加努力学习。 , I will study harder. (动词不定式作目的状语) 【答案】To achieve my dream/To make my dream come true/To realize my dream/In order to achieve my dream/In order to make my dream come true/In order to realize my dream 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句中有谓语动词“will study”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，可用“To do”或“In order to do”作目的状语，“achieve my dream/ make my dream come true/realize my dream”表示“实现我的梦想”，“To/In order to achieve my dream/ make my dream come true/realize my dream”表示“为了实现我的梦想”。故填To/In order to achieve my dream/ make my dream come true/realize my dream。 五、翻译 26．充分利用你所接受的教育，让世界变得更美好。（汉译英） 【答案】Make full use of the education you have received to make the world a better place. 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“充分利用”短语为make full use of，此处是祈使句，使用动词原形开头；表示“你所接受的教育”翻译为the education you have received，为省略关系词的定语从句，从句表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；表示“让世界变得更美好”为不定式作目的状语，翻译为to make the world a better place。故翻译为Make full use of the education you have received to make the world a better place. 27．纪念品的价格从十元到一千元不等，以满足不同游客的需求。(range) (汉译英) 【答案】The prices of souvenirs range from ten yuan to one thousand yuan to meet the needs of different tourists. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和不定式。表示“纪念品的价格”为the prices of souvenirs；表示“从十元到一千元不等”应用短语range from…to…，用一般现在时，翻译为range from ten yuan to one thousand yuan；表示“满足不同游客的需求”应用不定式作目的状语，翻译为to meet the needs of different tourists。故翻译为The prices of souvenirs range from ten yuan to one thousand yuan to meet the needs of different tourists. 28．无论如何，找个机会和她深入，坦诚地谈一谈。(case) (汉译英) 【答案】In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. 【详解】考查动词、名词和固定短语。“无论如何”翻译为in any case；“找个机会”翻译为find an opportunity，后面跟不定式作定语；“和她深入, 坦诚地谈一谈”翻译为have a full and frank talk with her。故整句翻译为In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. 29．任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步让自己振作起来。 (定语从句) (汉译英) 【答案】Anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。“情绪低落”可表达为feel down，“任何情绪低落的人”处理成定语从句anybody who is feeling down ；“可以去跑步”为 can go for a run；“让自己振作起来”为 to cheer themselves up，动词不定式作目的状语。故翻译为：Anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. 30．课堂上，我们轮流发言，确保每个人的意见被听取。(turn) (汉译英) 【答案】In class, we take turns to speak to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard. 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和被动语态。地点状语“课堂上”用介词短语in class，主语“我们”用人称代词we，谓语“轮流”用动词短语take turns to do...，描述习惯性行为用一般现在时态，宾语“发言”用动词不定式短语to speak；“确保每个人的意见被听取”作目的状语，可译为to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard，其中“that everyone’s opinions are heard”是宾语从句，由无实义且不作句子成分的连词that引导，使用了一般现在时的被动语态。故翻译为In class, we take turns to speak to ensure that everyone’s opinions are heard. 六、七选五 The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries. As technology has advanced, our ability to explore the moon has also increased. 31 One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 32 These spacecrafts are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition, atmosphere, and geological features. By studying the moon, scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system. Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction (提取). 33 They could be used for various purposes, including the production of fuel and building materials. Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future. Moreover, lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery. By studying the moon, we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 34 Furthermore, new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world. 35 The moon’s harsh environment, lack of atmosphere, and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations. Despite these challenges, scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration. In conclusion, lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the moon and its role in our solar system. A．They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time. B．However, lunar exploration is not without its challenges. C．It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life. D．This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology. E．The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources. F．Here are some of the introductions of the unmanned spacecraft and new study. G．Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits. 【答案】31．G 32．C 33．E 34．D 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球探索的最新进展以及好处和挑战。 31．根据上文“The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries. As technology has advanced, our ability to explore the moon has also increased.(月球是一个神秘的地方，几个世纪以来一直吸引着人类。随着科技的进步，我们探索月球的能力也增强了)”以及下一段“One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft.(月球探测中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用)”可知，本句为过渡句，引出后文月球探索的进展。故G选项“以下是月球探测的一些最新进展及其好处”符合语境，故选G。 32．根据上文“One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft.(月球探测中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用)”以及后文“These spacecrafts are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition, atmosphere, and geological features. By studying the moon, scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.(这些航天器能够前往月球并收集数据，帮助我们更多地了解月球的组成、大气和地质特征。通过研究月球，科学家们可以深入了解我们太阳系的形成和演化)”可知，本句承接上文，介绍无人航天器的使用情况和好处。故C选项“它允许科学家在不危及人类生命的情况下收集数据”符合语境，故选C。 33．根据后文“They could be used for various purposes, including the production of fuel and building materials. Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future.(它们可以用于各种目的，包括生产燃料和建筑材料。开采这些资源有助于减少我们对地球资源的依赖，并为更可持续的未来铺平道路)”可知，本句主要说明月球上含有可以开采的资源，E选项minerals and resources对应后文these resources。故E选项“月球被认为含有有价值的矿物和资源”符合语境，故选E。 34．根据上文“Moreover, lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery. By studying the moon, we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it.(此外，月球探索也有科学发现的希望。通过研究月球，我们可以对宇宙和支配它的物理定律有更深的了解)”以及后文“Furthermore, new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world.(此外，新的科学理论可以彻底改变我们对世界的理解)”可知，本句承接上文，说明掌握物理定律的好处。故D选项“这种知识可能导致技术的进步”符合语境，故选D。 35．根据后文“The moon’s harsh environment, lack of atmosphere, and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations. Despite these challenges, scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration.(月球的恶劣环境、缺乏大气层和极端的温度变化使它成为一个难以进行实验和操作的地方。尽管面临这些挑战，科学家和工程师们仍在继续挑战月球探测的极限)”可知，本段主要介绍了探月的挑战，B选项challenges对应后文challenges。故B选项“然而，探月并非没有挑战”符合语境，故选B。 能力提升 一、完形填空 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 1．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 2．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 3．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 4．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 5．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 6．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 7．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 8．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 9．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 10．A．when B．where C．why D．how 11．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 12．A．his B．their C．our D．your 13．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 14．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．advised 15．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了香港学生陈曼林参加“带着我的梦想上天宫”的全国性活动，幸运地得到了宇航员陈冬的回信的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收到这些信的美妙之处无法形容。A. report报道；B. beauty美妙；C. message信息；D. kindness善良。根据上文“Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal.”可知，此处指收到信的美妙之处，故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当陈了解到“把我的梦想送到天宫”给天宫上的宇航员写信的全国性写信活动时，她当晚就写了一封信。A. thought about考虑；B. cared about关心；C. talked about谈论；D. learned about了解。根据下文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她了解到这个活动后当晚就写了一封信，故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. astronauts宇航员；B. writers作家；C. parents父母；D. teachers老师。根据“Sending My Dream to Tiangong”以及下文“and what she knew about astronauts”可知，该活动是给宇航员写信，故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的信中，她详细介绍了自己为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。A. vacation假期；B. journey旅程；C. race比赛；D. interview采访。根据“toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development”可知，此处指为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程，故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时冲动。A. purpose目的；B. chance机会；C. decision决定；D. notice通知。根据上文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她给宇航员写了一封信，此处指写信这个决定，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对太空的兴趣始于六岁，当时她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的直播。A. habit习惯；B. style风格；C. story故事；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“passion for space”可知，陈对太空感兴趣，故选D。 7．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. when当……时；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as一……就……；D. as far as就……而言。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“at the age of six”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个月后，神舟十四号宇航员陈冬发来了三页的回复。A. posted发布；B. left离开；C. arrived到达；D. brought带来。根据下文“Chen was ____9____ chosen to receive a reply”可知，Chen被宇航员选中回信，故此处指回信到达，下文“The arrival of a letter from space”中arrival也是提示，故选C。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为来自全国各地参加活动的3万名学生之一，陈很幸运地收到了回复，这是香港唯一的回复。A. suddenly突然；B. luckily幸运地；C. widely广泛地；D. truly真正地。根据上文“As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity”可知，全国有30000名学生参加活动，故被选中回信是非常幸运的，故选B。 10．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己一步一步成为宇航员的。A. when当……时；B. where哪里；C. why为什么；D. how如何。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，结合“step by step”可知，此处指“如何一步步成为宇航员”，使用how引导，故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要科目时克服困难的技巧，以实现他的目标。A. abilities能力；B. skills技巧；C. subjects科目；D. hobbies爱好。根据“physics”可知，此处指物理和其他科目，故选C。 12．考查代词词义辨析。句意：他希望香港的年轻人能够追随自己的梦想，为国家做出贡献。A. his他的；B. their他们的；C. our我们的；D. your你（们）的。根据“young Hong Kong people”可知，他希望香港的年轻人能够追随他们的梦想，故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封来自太空的信件，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的合适礼物。A. proper适当的；B. possible可能的；C. fair公平的；D. useful有用的。结合句意及“to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland”可知，这封来自太空的信是纪念香港回归祖国25周年一个合适的礼物，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将按照他在信中所建议的去做；努力学习，锻炼身体，保持健康。A. ordered命令；B. promised承诺；C. prepared准备；D. advised建议。根据上文“He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties”可知，陈冬在回信中给出了一些建议，故选D。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. find out查明；B. come out出现；C. work out锻炼；D. look out当心。根据“to stay healthy”可知，此处指锻炼以保持健康，故选C。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China launched the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship on October 30,2024, carrying three astronauts to China’s Tiangong space station fora six-month mission. This is 1 significant journey as two of the three astronauts were born in the 1990s. Particularly Wang Haoze, one of the two young astronauts, 2 (be) the first Chinese female engineer to explore the space. It shows that China attaches great importance 3 science research and gender (性别) equality in space. The team’s commander, Cai Xuzhe, is an experienced astronaut 4 once took part in the Shenzhou-14 mission. The presence of such an 5 (amaze) member on board makes the whole crew more stable and reliable. He shared his experience with the new-generation members, 6 (create) a balance of experience and newness in China’s astronaut team. 7 (actual), the Shenzhou-19 astronauts will stay at the space station for about six months. Apart from carrying out the experiments, the three astronauts will receive the Tianzhou-8 cargo ship (货运飞船), which will arrive with 8 (supply). Later, the Shenzhou-20 will arrive with a new crew 9 (replace) them. The technologies in the missions are not new, 10 they will be tested further this time so as to be ripe enough to form a stabler loop. 【答案】 1．a 2．is 3．to 4．who/that 5．amazing 6．creating 7．Actually 8．supplies 9．to replace 10．but 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了10月30日，神舟十九号载人飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射，3名中国航天员顺利进驻中国空间站，将在空间站驻留约6个月执行飞行任务，发射取得圆满成功。 1．考查冠词。句意：这是一次意义非凡的旅程，因为三名航天员中有两位是90后。journey为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且significant发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．考查动词时态。句意：特别是其中一位年轻航天员王浩泽，她是中国首位探索太空的女性工程师。空处作谓语，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为Wang Haoze，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 3．考查介词。句意：这彰显了中国对太空科学研究和性别平等的高度重视。attach importance to为固定搭配，意为“重视”。故填to。 4．考查定语从句。句意：该团队的指挥官蔡旭哲是一名经验丰富的航天员，他曾参与过神舟十四号任务。空处引导定语从句，先行词an experienced astronaut，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。 5．考查形容词。句意：这样一位令人惊讶的成员的加入使得整个团队更加稳健可靠。修饰名词member，需用形容词amazing，表示“令人惊讶的”，作定语。故填amazing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他与新一代成员分享了自己的经验，使中国航天员团队在经验和新颖性之间达到了平衡。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，需用现在分词形式。故填creating。 7．考查副词。句意：实际上，神舟19号的航天员将在空间站停留大约六个月。修饰整个句子，需用副词actually，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。 8．考查名词。句意：除了进行实验外，这三名航天员还将接收天舟8号货运飞船，该飞船将携带补给物资到达。空处需填名词作宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填supplies。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：随后，神舟20号将搭载新一批航天员抵达，以接替他们。此处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to replace。 10．考查连词。句意：这些任务中使用的技术并非全新，但此次将进一步测试，以确保其足够成熟，能够形成一个更稳定的循环。上文提到“这些任务中使用的技术并非全新”，下文提到“此次将进一步测试，以确保其足够成熟，能够形成一个更稳定的循环”，上下文之间是转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。 三、书面表达 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Joe sat on his bed and looked at his birthday presents. They were great! Smart new sports shoes from his mum. A fishing rod (竿) from his dad. And best of all, his grandpa had given him a watch.  A proper, grown-up watch with a silver face. Joe looked at the watch. It was so beautiful. “Look after it, Joe,” said his mother. “It was expensive.” Joe nodded. “I will, Mum. I promise. ” That was last night — Saturday. Now it was Sunday, and Joe was going fishing. “Are you wearing them to go fishing?” Joe’s mum pointed at his new shoes. “It’s been raining all night, Joe. The river bank will be muddy (泥泞的). Wear your old shoes. ” “No, it’s my birthday weekend,” said Joe. “I want to wear my new things. It will be okay. The rain has stopped now. ” He quickly pulled on his jacket and left the house. “Bye!” He knew a perfect place to fish. It was flat, like a little beach. He could stand really close to the water. Soon he was there. The beach was empty. The only thing there was a huge white swan (天鹅). After seeing Joe, the swan walked into the water and sailed away. Joe began to fish. An hour went by. Joe continued to fish happily. But the sky was getting dark. Rain! It began to fall. It was hard and heavy. “Go away!” said Joe. “It’s my birthday weekend. I want to fish!” The rain didn’t go away. It rained even harder. Another hour went by. The rain didn’t stop. Joe was wet through, but he wouldn’t go home. It was his special day, and he was going to stay. He threw his fishing line out again. But his hands were wet and the fishing rod was slippy (滑的). The rod flew out of his hands and dropped in the river. “NO! My new rod!” He ran forward. But the beach had turned muddy. His new shoes were ruined in a moment. Then one of them came off completely. It was stuck in the mud behind him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Joe tried to turn around to pick it up but he lost his balance. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that time, the swan came back and saw something shiny and silver in the water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Joe tried to turn around to pick it up but he lost his balance. He fell on his back in the mud, and his new watch flew off his wrist and landed in the river. He stared down into the water but he couldn't see it. And then he saw his fishing rod had gone! The river had carried it away. Joe couldn't believe his bad luck. Both his watch and fishing rod were gone. His shoes were brown with mud. “This could not be any worse!” he cried. At that time, the swan came back and saw something shiny and silver in the water. It took the silver thing and brought it out of the water. Huh? It wasn’t a fish! The swan threw it away. Joe saw his watch land safely on the riverbank. He ran to it and picked it up. It was still working. And on the river, there was a man in a boat who was holding Joe’s fishing rod! “I guess it’s yours,” said the man. He threw it to Joe. “Thank you,” said Joe. The man smiled and rowed away. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了乔周六生日时得到了新鞋、手表和鱼竿这些生日礼物，翌日他去钓鱼，遭遇下雨，导致新鞋脏了，手表掉河里，鱼竿也被河水冲走，但最终，天鹅捞出了手表，因不是食物而丢在了河岸上，船上的陌生人送回了鱼竿。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“乔试图转过身去把它捡起来，但他失去了平衡。”可知，第一段可描写乔摔倒后的惨状：手表掉河里了，鱼竿被水冲走了。 ②由第二段首句内容“这时，天鹅回来了，看见水里有个银光闪闪的东西。”可知，第二段可描写天鹅被水中银闪闪的手表吸引，捞出后发现不是食物而丢弃在岸上，而一条船上的陌生人也帮乔送回了鱼竿。 2.续写线索：摔倒——手表落水——鱼竿冲走——天鹅捞手表——乔捡回手表——陌生人送回鱼竿 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.看见：see / spot ②.大叫：cry / yell ③.扔掉它：throw it away / discard it 情绪类 ①.不敢相信他这么倒霉：couldn’t believe his bad luck / couldn’t believe how unlucky he was ②.笑：smile/ grin 【点睛】[高分句型1] Joe saw his watch land safely on the riverbank.（运用了省略to的动词不定式作补语）   [高分句型2] And on the river, there was a man in a boat who was holding Joe's fishing rod!（运用了who引导的定语从句） 2 / 15 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$