20 Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading ◎ ①female adj. 女性的，妇女的 ②republic n．共和国，共和政体 ③contribution n. 贡献，促成作用；捐款 ④malaria n．疟疾 ⑤deadly adj致命的；十足的，彻底的 ⑥have a chance of 有机会 ⑦survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 ⑧province n．省，省份 ⑨academy n. 专科院校；研究院，学会 ⑩further adj. 更多的，更进一步的 vt.促进，增进 adv.较远，更远，进一步 acquire v. 获得，得到；学到，习得 broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 intend vt. & vi.想要，计划；意指 recipe n．食谱；方法，秘诀 treatment n．对待；治疗 extract n．提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 herb n．药草，香草；草本 promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的 refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感 experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 effective adj.有效的 succeed in成功做某事 trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验 resource n. 自然资源；资源(指钱、物、人等) limited adj.有限的 solution n. (问题、困难等的)解决办法 household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 day and night夜以继日 give up放弃 be likely to 可能 postpone vt.延迟，延期 sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 data n．数据，资料，材料 speed up (使)加速 process n．过程；进程步骤，流程vt.加工，处理 ensure vt.确保 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 error n．错误，差错 eventually adv. 最终，结果 explore v．探索，探究 draw on利用；吸收；戴上；临近 wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 ◎ Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 Tu Youyou has become the first female①scientist of the People’s Republic② of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution③ to the fight against malaria④， one of the deadliest⑤ diseases in human history．【1】 Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of⑥ survival⑦. 【1】one of the deadliest diseases... 作malaria的同位语，对malaria进行解释说明。 Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province⑧， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy⑨ of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further⑩ training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiringa broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine．【2】 Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease．【3】 She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，【4】 Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice．【5】 学生用书第91页 【3】that引导定语从句修饰先行词a team。 【4】inspired by... 过去分词短语作状语。 【5】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词qinghao extract。 However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited .Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，【6】 however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its safety，【7】 Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 【6】“with ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，复合结构作状语，过去分词produced作宾语补足语。 【7】动词不定式短语作目的状语。 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error， they successfully discovered qinghaosu — the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 学生用书第92页 中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖 迪娜·康纳 2015年12月11日 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。 1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。 屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 一、整体理解 1．What’s the main idea of the whole passage? A．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s career. B．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her team. C．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s lecture. D．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and the discovery of qinghaosu. 答案：　D 2．Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. (1)Part 1 (Para. 1)________ (2)Part 2 (Para. 2)________ (3)Part 3 (Paras. 3－5)________ (4)Part 4 (Para. 6)________ 学生用书第93页 A．The brief introduction of Tu Youyou. B．Tu Youyou－the first female Chinese Nobel Prize winner. C．The problems and solutions during extracting qinghaosu. D．Succeeding in isolating qinghaosu and winning the Nobel Prize. 答案：　(1)～(4)BACD 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What’s Tu Youyou’s major at university? A．Science and nature. B．Agriculture. C．Chinese medicine. D．Chemistry. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Tu Youyou only knows the traditional Chinese medicine. B．Tu and her team discovered qinghaosu easily and smoothly. C．Qinghaosu was discovered after many difficulties. D．Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize as soon as qinghaosu was discovered. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．All sufferings have their reward. B．There is no royal road to learning. C．A man becomes learned by asking questions. D．It is never too old to learn. 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．Fashion magazine. B．Travel brochure. C．Medicine report. D．A news report in a newspaper. 答案：　1.C　2.C　3.A　4.D 三、思维品质升华 What significant roles has traditional Chinese medicine played in Tu’s success? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Firstly, Tu’s educational background—a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine enabled her to find a cure for malaria. Secondly, abundant traditional Chinese medical recipes gave her plenty of choices. Thirdly, traditional Chinese medical classics inspired her. 四、难句解构 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 【句式分析】　本句是简单句。句中动词不定式短语 to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语，修饰名词scientist；过去分词短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作定语，修饰名词a Nobel Prize；名词短语one of the deadliest diseases in human history是 malaria 的同位语。 【尝试翻译】　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗 击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 【句式分析】　本句为简单句。句中 Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water为过去分词短语作状语，in order not to damage its effective part为动词不定式结构作状语。 【尝试翻译】　据一本 1 600 多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 学生用书第94页 3．Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 【句式分析】　本句为简单句。句中drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine为动词­ing形式作定语，修饰名词 scientists。 【尝试翻译】　也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 [核心单词] 1．a deadly disease　　　　　　 一种致命疾病 2．a broad street 宽广的街道 3．conduct an experiment 做一项实验 4．be on trial 试用 5．sufficient evidence 充足的证据 6．postpone the meeting 推迟会议 [拓展单词] 1．survive v. 生存；幸存→survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n. 幸存者 2．intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算，计划 3．refer v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及→reference n．提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目 4．limit n．限度；极限；范围→limited adj. 有限的 5．contain v．容纳→container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 6．wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地→wisdom n．才智；明智；知识，学问，智慧 7．benefit n．优势；益处→beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 8．conduct vt.&vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止→conductor n．指挥 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．反复试验，不断摸索　　 through/by trial and error 2．查阅，参考；提到，谈及 refer to 3．幸亏……，由于，因为 thanks to... 4．(使)加速 speed up 5．成功，奏效，达到目的 pay off 第二组　英译汉 6．succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事 7．day and night 夜以继日 8．large amounts of... 大量的…… 9．acquire a broad knowledge of... 获得广泛有关……的知识 10．draw on... 利用，凭借 11．health care 医疗保健 12．make good use of... 充分利用…… [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．with 复合结构 Even with large amounts of the qinghao extract produced (有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来), however, they still faced another problem. 2．It is... that... 强调句型 However, it was not until the 1970s that (直到20世纪70年代) Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 学生用书第95页 核心词汇精研 survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 (教材原句)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 (1)survive vt.& vi.　 生还；残存；比……活的时间长 survive on... 仅靠……维持生计 survive sb. by... 比某人多活…… (2)survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者 [佳句背诵]　If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small. 如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率会很小。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①She survived her husband by twenty years. ②Luckily，most of the passengers got rescued and survived (survive)the terrible accident. ③Millions of people survive on a very limited diet. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。 If cancers are spotted early，there’s a high chance of survival． [语境串记]As we know, a safety seat belt can make sure of a high chance of survival in car crashes and luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week as the only survivor of the accident.众所周知，安全带可确保在汽车碰撞中有极高的生存机率。幸运的是，我上周发生了车祸活了下来，我是唯一的幸存者。 intend vi. & vt.想要，计划；意指 (教材原句)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 (1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 (2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的 be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的 be intended to do... 打算做…… (3)intention n. 意图，目的；企图 with the intention of 有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth. ＝have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事 without intention 无意地，不是故意地 [佳句背诵]　I intend that you (should)be invited by them. 我打算让他们邀请你。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He went to Paris with the intention (intend)of learning French. ②He intends his son to manage (manage)the company. ③This is a new book intended (intend)for little children. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④当你到了这个地方你打算干什么？ What do you intend doing/to do when you get to this place? 学生用书第96页 [语境串记]The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money. 富人去了国外意在寻求财富，而穷人却打算学一些挣钱的技能。 refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 (教材原句)When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 (1)refer... to...　　　 把……提交给…… refer to... as... 把……看作…… (2)reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人 make (a)reference to 谈及，提及；参考 in/with reference to 关于 reference book 参考书；工具书 [佳句背诵]　In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。 [名师点津] “查词典”，表达方式为：refer to a dictionary，look sth. up in the dictionary，consult a dictionary ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He made no reference (refer)to his illness but only to his future plans. ②Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend. ③I have nothing to say in/with reference to that case. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④李宁被称为中国最伟大的运动员之一。 Li Ning is referred to as one of the greatest athletes in China. limited adj.有限的 (教材原句)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。 (1)limit vt. & n.　　　 限制；限度，限制 limit... to... 把……限定在…… be limited to 局限于…… there is a limit to... ……是有限度的 (2)limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的 (3)limitation n. 限制；局限 [佳句背诵]　Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses. 电影业对女演员来说机会有限。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①We are doing our best with the limited (limit)resources available. ②The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions. ③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④此次减价时间有限。 This offer is for a limited period only． [语境串记] A man’s life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people so I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people. 人的一生是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的，所以我要用有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。 学生用书第97页 speed up (使)加速 (教材原句)To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。 at a/the speed of...　　 以……的速度 at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速 with all speed 以全速 pick up speed 加速 [佳句背诵]　Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery. 充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Once outside the station，the train began to speed up． ②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed. ③This flight is now heading for Paris at a/the speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。 I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem． pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 (教材原句)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 pay off　　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清 pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价 pay back 还钱；报复 [佳句背诵]　They doubted whether all this work would pay off. 他们怀疑这样干是否划得来。 [名师点津] pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid (pay)off after a decade. ②Can you lend me some money？I’ll pay you back on Friday. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③他们的努力最终有了回报。 Their efforts paid off in the end. beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 (教材原句)Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 (1)be beneficial to　 对……有益，对……有用 (2)benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处 benefit from/by 得益于，得利于 be of benefit to 对……有利 for sb.’s benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益 [佳句背诵]　Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language. 在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。 学生用书第98页 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Your advice is very beneficial (benefit)to me. ②You must study hard for the benefit of your own. ③This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties. ④Both sides have benefited from/by the talks. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。 To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air． [语境串记]　I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week，which I think is beneficial to their learning. The notes will benefit everyone concerned. 我已经打印出了演讲笔记以便利上周缺席的人们，我觉得这对他们的学习有益，这些笔记会有益于每个涉及到的人。 重点句型解构 强调句型 (教材原句) However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 然而，在经历了数次失败的实验后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现青蒿素。 (1)强调句型的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分？ (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？ (4)“not... until... ”结构的强调句型：It is/was not until... that... [佳句背诵]　It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. 生活的快乐不在于做自己喜欢的事，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的事。 [名师点津]　(1)强调句型可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、状语等，但不能用来强调谓语和定语。 (2)记住句式结构，不管强调人或物都可用that；强调人时可用who。 (3)强调句与定语从句的区别：①强调句的特点：去掉it is/was和that/who后句子结构完整，意义清楚。②时间、地点状语前是否有介词是判断这两种句式的关键。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. ②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry? ③It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④直到他去了美国当交流生才意识到学好英语的重要性。 It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The economy of the province (省份) was not typical because it was particularly small. 2．Let me give another example to illustrate (说明) this difficult point. 3．She became a household (家庭的) name in the 1960s. 学生用书第99页 4．I’ve never cooked this before so it’s an experiment (实验). 5．The data (数据) are stored in the computer’s memory. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．She went to this city with the intention (intend) of finding a good job. 2．Take the machine on trial for a week. 3．It was an unpopular decision to postpone building (build) the new hospital. 4．No reference (refer) to their existence appears in any literature of the period. 5．She recovered sufficiently (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Africa in 1964. 维度三　完成句子 1．在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。 In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 2．夜校课程一应俱全，没有理由得不到一些训练。 With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of training. 3．他借助作为一位帆船运动员的经验去做一个纪录片节目。 He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary program. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$