UNIT 6 Disaster and hope 单元综合与提升-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

单元综合与提升 ◎ 1．disaster n.　　　 灾难，灾祸 2．tube n. 管子 3．hurricane n. 飓风 4．forecast v. 预测，预报 5．claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命) 6．lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部 7．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处 8．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然 9．midnight n. 子夜，午夜 10．property n. 所有物，资产，财产 11．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 12．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽 ◎ 选用左栏单词的适当形式填空 1．When you are there，be careful not to damage other people’s property. 2．These reasons are not sufficient to justify the new rules. 3．The fox was running for the shelter of the trees. 4．It was at midnight that the helicopter came to our rescue. 5．With global warming，natural disasters happen frequently. 6．A powerful hurricane struck the town of America，causing at least ten deaths. 7．Nowhere can you find a more beautiful place than it in the world. 8．Make a note of the questions you want to ask；otherwise you’ll leave behind some of them. ◎ 1．erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n. (火山)爆发，喷发 2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立即的，直接的 3．announcement n. 通告，公告→announce vt.宣布；通告→announcer n. 播音员；广播员 学生用书第167页 4．emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.紧急的 5．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的 6．threaten v. 威胁到，危及→threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事) 7．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiency n. 足量，充足 8．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 9．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→except prep.除……之外 conj.除了，只是→exception n. 例外→exceptional adj.非凡的；不同寻常的；杰出的 ◎ 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Pliny was a Roman writer who had witnessed a terrible volcanic eruption (erupt) as a young man. 2．Wild applause broke out when the waiting crowd heard the announcement (announce) of the arrival of the leader at their community. 3．If you have an emergency (emergent) like this, you should call us. 4．He gives you his full attention immediately (immediate) you begin to speak. 5．The project was finally abandoned for lack of sufficiency (sufficient) of funds. 6．Nobody knows precisely (precise) how many people are still living in the camp. 7．The farmer threatened (threat) to punish these children if they came into his field again. 8．I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more reliable (rely) than televisions. ◎ 1．pick up　　 捡起，拿起 2．turn into 变成 3．make it 及时赶到 4．look through 浏览，翻阅 5．after all 终究；毕竟 6．up and down 上上下下；前前后后；来来回回 7．result in/lead to 导致 8．fly off 飞走 9．all of a sudden 突然 10．keep on (doing sth) 继续(做某事) 11．have yet to 还没有 ◎ 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空 1．He picked up his cap from the floor and stuck it back on his head. 2．Alex paced up and down outside the room waiting for the result，looking worried. 3．Having failed several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. 4．All of a sudden，the lights went out. The room was in total darkness. 5．I looked through all my papers but I still couldn’t find the contract I needed. 6．You really shouldn’t have reacted to his comment on your work so violently. After all，he meant no harm to you. ◎ 1．It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important ...)＋that从句 It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest. 2．now that引导原因状语从句 Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 学生用书第168页 3．be doing... when... 正在做……这时(突然)…… I was sitting in my room with my cat，Smartie，on my lap，when the roof just flew off. 4．the moment引导时间状语从句 He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. ◎ 1．人生不可能总是一帆风顺，这是很自然的。 It is natural that life is not always easy. 2．既然你在这里有两周的时间，通过参加一些活动来感受一下当地的文化是个好主意。 Now that you have two weeks here, it will be a good idea to take several activities through which you can get a taste of the local culture. 3．我们正在采摘西瓜，这时农场的主人来了，请我们品尝美味的水果。 We were picking watermelons when the owner of the farm came and asked us to taste the delicious fruits. 4．玛丽一听到这个消息就冲回家。 Mary rushed home the moment she heard the news. 语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇) Natural 1.disasters (disaster) are a serious threat to mankind, 2.causing (cause) billions of dollars in property damage every year. A few months ago, 3.an earthquake occurred in our county. The victims 4.were rescued (rescue) in time and sent to shelters. They were provided 5.with sufficient food and drinking water by helicopters. 6.Otherwise, they would suffer a lot. Some people had yet to get tents, so they had nowhere 7.to sleep (sleep), and 8.suffered (suffer) mosquito bites. 9.At midnight, I couldn’t fall asleep. I just looked up at the stars and the Milky Way. I 10.saw (see) the Big Dipper and the Little Dipper. The 11.children (child) were asleep sitting on their mothers’ laps. Every now and then you may hear news of satellites sent into space. On Feb. 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit①. On Feb. 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do for us? At present②， there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around the Earth. They have all kinds of roles, from transmitting③ TV signals, giving you directions on the road, to helping scientists with their research. For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (北斗卫星导航系统). Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can provide more accurate④ positioning, making them easier to find. Drones can also use BeiDou while flying. Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and 学生用书第169页 back down to different locations on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project is trying to go further. It plans to use satellites to provide people with internet all over the globe. Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather and climate. By monitoring⑤ wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite images to decide the best time to water their fields. Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s rings. In 2020, video website Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users. [词海拾贝] ①orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道 ②at present 目前，现在 ③transmit v. 播送，传输，发射 ④accurate adj. 准确的，精确的 ⑤monitor v. 监视 [阅读问答] 阅读文本，回答以下问题 1．Why are satellites the US and China have sent to space mentioned at the beginning of the text? To lead up to the topic of the functions of satellites. 2．Why did Bilibili send a satellite into space? To provide its users with data of other planets. 读后续写之自然灾祸 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “It’s not looking too good, darling. I think you’d better pack a few things and go to your mother’s place. And you’d better take Rosie with you.” Putting down the phone, Sara sighed. Tomorrow was her husband Tony’s birthday. She had planned to cook him a nice meal and then surprise him with the new mountain bike she’d bought for him. If she went to her mother’s house, Tony wouldn’t get his present for days. However, her mother’s house was the best place to be right now. Being on higher land, it would be safe from the floods. It had been raining heavily for almost two weeks and the river near Sara and Tony’s house was rising higher and higher all the time. Tony and others from the village had spent the last two days putting sandbags along the side of the river to stop it overflowing. Now they feared that their hard work had been useless and soon the whole valley would be flooded. Sara dressed baby James in warm clothes and collected the things she would need for him over the next few days. She put the lead on the dog, Rosie. Just as she was reaching for the car keys, Sara heard a sound. She looked at the back door. Water was flowing in underneath. Turning around she saw dirty brown water fountaining out of the drain (下水道) and filling the sink. Quickly she put James into her backpack and pulled it onto her back. Calling to Rosie, she ran to the front of the house and out into the front garden. The water was already up to her knees. Rosie was swimming beside her. Knowing the water would soon be much deeper, Sara ran to the car, opened the 学生用书第170页 doors and pushed Rosie up to the roof of the car. Using the car seat as a step she climbed first onto the front of the car and then onto the roof. James, safely attached to her back, made no sound at all. Sara stared down at the water which was rushing past the car. It was already half way up the doors, and still rising. 注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 With the water still pouring, Sara began to feel cold.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, Rosie began to bark, and some noise came from far away._________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [读后续写四步曲] 第一步　通读全文，理清脉络 1．读要素，弄懂故事大意 本文大意：Sara本想带着孩子James和狗狗Rosie回娘家躲避洪灾，不料出发时，河水倒灌，他们被困车顶。 2．读人物，理清人物关系 Sara，丈夫Tony，孩子James，狗狗Rosie 3．读时态，确定主体时态 一般过去时 4．读结构，了解叙述方式 第1段：Tony在电话中劝说Sara带着孩子和狗狗回娘家避难。 第2—3段：Sara因无法为Tony庆祝生日而感到遗憾，同时想到Tony在前线的艰难守护。 第4—5段：在Sara准备出发时被困，只好爬上车顶暂避洪水。 续写部分：第一段主要讲述Sara带着孩子和狗狗等待救援的过程；第二段则讲述Sara终于等到救援，如释重负。 由此可见，材料是按照事情发展的阶段来划分的。我们在构思续写时应从这个叙述方式去进行拓展。 5．读语言，把握语言特色 原文中的语言特色： (1)宾语从句＋并列句 Now they feared that their hard work had been useless and soon the whole valley would be flooded. (2)现在分词短语作状语＋并列动词来描述人物的动作 Knowing the water would soon be much deeper, Sara ran to the car, opened the doors and pushed Rosie up to the roof of the car. (3)过去分词短语作状语 James, safely attached to her back, made no sound at all. (4)定语从句 Sara stared down at the water which was rushing past the car. 第二步　依据首句，构思框架 1．读懂两段首句 第一段首句译文：大雨还在下，Sara开始觉得冷了。 第二段首句译文：突然，Rosie开始吠叫，远处传来声音。 第一段框架：可设想Sara带着孩子和狗狗等待救援时的所为和所想；可描写周边的环境来渲染氛围、表现情感。 第二段框架：Sara终于等到救援，见到Tony，如释重负，非常喜悦。 学生用书第171页 2．写好两个衔接句 第一段首句后的衔接句：In order to keep warm, she held James tightly, with Rosie sitting beside her. 第二段首句后的衔接句：Sara stood up quickly and looked through the direction of the noise. 3．写好一个升华句 第二段的尾句，即文尾句。能体现故事圆满结局的句子或故事给我们的启示的句子： She said with a smile, “I’m sorry your birthday present is now under the water. But I guess this will be the most unforgettable birthday for you.” 第三步　增加细节，展开续写 基于第一段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： Sara的动作描写(为了保暖，Sara抱紧James，并让Rosie坐在身边)→Sara的心理描写(Sara在等待中越来越害怕、紧张，感到无望)→环境描写(描写Sara身边的环境，突出Sara孤身一人、被困无助；还可描写此时下着大雨、浸在水里的村庄的情况)→Sara的心理、动作描写(Sara感到无助，唯一能做的就是等待) 基于第二段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： Sara的动作描写(Sara听见声音，站起来，望向声音传来的方向)→环境描写(灯光出现，救生艇或小船出现)→Sara的心理、动作描写(看到希望，Sara高兴得大声向救援者呼救)→Tony的动作、语言描写(救援队和Tony出现了，Tony营救Sara的过程中的所做、所言)→Sara的心理、表情、语言描写(Sara见到前来营救的Tony，眉开眼笑，如释重负，并对丈夫深情地说着话——这会是Tony最难忘的生日) 第四步　检查优化，整洁誊写 With the water still pouring, Sara began to feel cold. In order to keep warm, she held James tightly, with Rosie sitting beside her. As time went on, fear slowly flooded her. Nervous and hopeless, she looked around. There was no one around and it seemed that the whole village had become a large lake, with heavy rain, strong wind and fast-flowing water. Sara could do nothing but wait for help. Suddenly, Rosie began to bark, and some noise came from far away. Sara stood up quickly and looked through the direction of the noise. There was light and a boat was coming. Feeling wild with joy, Sara shouted towards them. It turned out to be Tony and others from the village. They told Sara that they were also trapped until soldiers came to help. Sara looked at Tony with relief. She said with a smile, “I’m sorry your birthday present is now under the water. But I guess this will be the most unforgettable birthday for you.” 世界四大自然灾害 The following four natural disasters destroyed cities and communities around the world. By flood, typhoon, or earthquake, these events have collectively taken millions of human lives. 以下四次自然灾害摧毁了世界各地的城市和社区。洪水、台风或地震，这些事件总共夺去了数百万人的生命。 Yangtze River Flood 长江洪水 The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. Government organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimated (估计) that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. 学生用书第172页 1931年的大洪水覆盖了数万平方公里的区域，淹没了稻田和包括南京、武汉在内的许多城市。这场洪水影响了超过5 000万人。包括国家海洋和大气管理局在内的政府组织，估计这场灾难中大约有370万人死亡。 Typhoon Nina 台风妮娜 Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975.The typhoon caused a serious dam (水坝) failure, and more than 150,000 people were dead or injured. According to reports, at least 26,000 people died in the floods. About 145,000 people died from diseases caused by water pollution and famine (饥荒). The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10,000,000. 1975年8月，台风妮娜袭击了中国河南省。台风导致严重的水坝溃决，超过15万人死伤。据报道，至少有2.6万人死于洪水。大约有14.5万人死于由水污染和饥荒引起的疾病。受这场灾难影响的人数超过1 000万。 Kashmir Earthquake 克什米尔地震 On October 8,2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir region. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks, landslides, and falling rocks. The seriousness of the damage and the high number of deaths were worsened by poor construction (建筑) in the affected areas. In Kashmir at least 79,000 people were killed, and more than 32,000 buildings broke down. 2005年10月8日，一场灾难性的地震袭击了克什米尔地区。这场地震的震级达到了7.6级，随后还伴随着多次余震、山体滑坡和岩石坠落。由于受影响地区的建筑质量差，破坏的严重性和死亡人数进一步加剧。在克什米尔地区，至少有7.9万人丧生，超过32 000栋建筑物倒塌。 Haitian Earthquake 海地地震 At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti. The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5.Another aftershock of magnitude 5.9 struck on January 20.There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200,000－300,000 people died. Hundreds of thousands more were forced to leave their homes. 2010年初，海地遭受了一场地震的袭击。这场地震的震级达到了7.0级，随后还发生了震级分别为5.9级和5.5级的余震。1月20日，又发生了一次震级为5.9级的余震。关于这场地震造成的死亡总人数存在争议，但估计大约有20万至30万人丧生。还有数十万人被迫离开家园。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$