Unit3 Back to the Past Grammar and usage Integrated Skils and Project 短文语法填空练习-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

选必三U3 Grammar and usage、Integrated skills及Project中短文语法填空 The historian Sima Qian Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 1.__________ 135 BCE. 2.__________ (influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and 3.__________the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly 4.__________ helped him in his later career as a historian. His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece 5._________(record) what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian 6.__________ (success) his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access 7.__________ official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials 8._________(require) painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and 9.__________ (efficiency). As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He 10.__________(put) in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father’s dream, in good times or bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In the first century BCE, Sima Qian completed the Shiji, 11.__________describes historical events and figures from the era of the Yellow Emperor 12.__________ ancient legends to his own time. Totalling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years, the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five categories. What makes this book remarkable in content is 13.__________ it not only includes vivid 14.__________ (describe) of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other 15.__________ (except) figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Another thing to note is that it covers 16.__________ (advance) in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on. One of the main features of the Shiji is 17.__________ the biographies are presented-in the form of stories rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure 18.__________ (vivid). Some of the phrases employed in this book are still in constant use. Even today, the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them. Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format. Together with the Shiji, these 19.__________ (edit) in the Qing Dynasty. That is why these works became 20.__________ (know) as the Twenty-Four Histories. They are among the most important records of Chinese history. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Popular history books Not so long ago, history 21.__________(be) a heavy topic for the general reader. Luckly, popular history books have made that a thing of the past. There are more popular history books on our 22.__________(shelf) than before. As a historian, I am glad about this! I want as many people 23.__________ possible to enjoy the subject. I believe understanding the past that has shaped the present day 24.__________(help) us continue to build a better future. However, 25.__________(academy) history books do not usually make that easy for the general reader. With the rise of popular history books, the subject is now 26.__________(access) than ever. This type of history book presents historical information in a way that is easily understood, sometimes with a touch of humour, 27.__________(seek) to inform and educate a wider audience about history. It also provides a knowledge base for those 28. __________ want to study history but need to walk before they can run. So how do popular history books achieve this? The authors adopt a natural, 29.__________(chat) style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. Also, they often use stories and interesting 30.__________(compare) to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus 31.__________(engage) the reader’s interest. 32.__________(pack) with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly 33.__________(read) and true to life Reading popular history books is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history. Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more 34.__________(analysis) and serious approach to studying history. Think of it this way: popular history books lead you to the doorway of a palace, but if you want to enter the palace and 35.__________(true) explore it, you need to open a few academic history books too! 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution started in England in the 18th century. In the 19th century, it 36.__________(spread) to other European countries such as Belgium, France and Germany, and also the United States. The factory system was one fundamental change of the Industrial Revolution. This began with 37.__________(improve) in textile production in northern England. Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased 38.__________(considerable). Previously, the work was done at home, but thanks 39.__________ the machines, cloth could be made in factories, where each worker had a specialized role. Steam power was another important change. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen created the first 40.__________(practice) steam engine. James Watt then greatly improved Newcomen’s engine, 41.__________(make) it more suitable for industrial use in the late 18th century. Through 42.__________(far) improvement, the steam engine was widely used in factories and transport to power all types of machines. The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system, 43.__________(combine) with the introduction of new machines, new energy sources and new forms of transport, promoted economic growth and expanded world trade. These developments, in turn, had an impact on society as 44.__________ whole, bringing about the rapid growth of industrial cities and the 45.__________(appear) of an urban working class. 36.. 37.. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 参考答案： 1. or 2. Influenced 3. at 4. what 5. recording 6. succeeded 7. to 8. required 9. efficiently 10. was put 11. which 12. in 13. that 14. descriptions 15. exceptional 16. advances 17. how 18. vividly 19. were edited 20. known 21. was 22. shelves 23. as 24. helps 25. academic 26. accessible 27. seeking 28. who 29. chatty 30. comparisons 31. engaging 32. Packed 33. readable 34. analytical 35. truly 36. spread 37. improvements 38. considerably 39.to 40. practical 41. making 42. further 43. combined 44. a 45. appearance 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$