UNIT 7 Section Ⅵ Grammar(2)-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅵ　Grammar (2) 构词法 语法串烧 我的发现 The handmade① items not only enrich② our lives with their uniqueness③， but their adjustable④ designs make them even more appealing.Each artisan backs⑤ their craft with passion and expertise, shouldering⑥ the responsibility to preserve traditional⑦ techniques.These works of art are a true testament to human craftsmanship. 1．①为hand和made构成的合成词； 2．②、③、④、⑦为词根加上前缀或后缀构成的派生词； 3．⑤、⑥为名词转化成动词的转化词。 一、构词法的分类 1．派生：即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。 rich adj.富有的→enrich v．使丰富 adjust v．调节→adjustable adj.可调节的 2．转化： 即同一单词具有多种词性。 back n．背→back v．支持 slow adj.慢的→slow v．减慢 water n．水→water v．浇水 You can use the water in the ditch to water the flowers. 你可以用沟里的水浇花。 3．合成： 即由两个单词合成一个单词。 blackboard n．黑板 handmade adj.手工制作的 二、常用派生词缀 考点1　名词的构词规律 1．动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -al approve→approval赞成；批准 arrive→arrival到来；到达 survive→survival幸存 propose→proposal提议；建议 -ance appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；节目 -ence exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考；查阅 -ion attract→attraction吸引 construct→construction建设 educate→education教育 evaluate→evaluation评估 graduate→graduation毕业 -ation expect→expectation期待；期望 explain→explanation解释 consider→consideration考虑 imagine→imagination想象力 starve→starvation饥饿 invite→invitation邀请；请柬 -(s)sion discuss→discussion讨论；辩论 decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳；准许入学 -ing hear→hearing听力；听觉 begin→beginning开始 学生用书第32页 -ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument争论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip→equipment设备 -ure fail→failure失败 press→pressure压力 -ture mix→mixture混合；混合物 depart→departure离开；出发 -y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 其他 grow→growth成长；发展 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势 2．形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -cy fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私 efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率 -dom free 自由的→freedom 自由 wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧 -ness dark黑的→darkness 黑暗 weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱 kind 友好的→kindness 善良 cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠 -th warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 deep 深的→depth 深(度) strong 强壮的→strength 力量 -y/ -ity difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难 honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实 safe 安全的→safety 安全 cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍 pure纯洁的→purity纯洁 -ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance，-nd变为-nse different 不同的→difference 不同(之处) respond 回应→response 响应 patient有耐心的→patience 耐心 significant意义重大的→significance意义 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①With the development (develop) of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious. ②Besides，Chinese has always been my strength (strong) among all the subjects. ③Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental protection (protect). ④His answer did not satisfy my curiosity (curious) at all. ⑤Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 考点2　形容词和副词的词性转换 1．形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited 续表 类别 例词 词尾加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening 词尾加 -ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless， help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，home→homeless， colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless， thank→thankful/thankless，peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable， accept→acceptable，respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous 词尾的 -ce变为-t confidence→confident，difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national， education→educational，tradition→traditional 学生用书第33页 词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen 其他常 见变化 energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny，fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加 -ive/-ative attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective [温馨提示]　如何区分-ing形容词与-ed形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……的”(-ing)，还是“感到……的”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下： 1．-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常意为“令人……的”。 2．-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常意为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2．副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly loud→loudly，sudden→suddenly 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily，heavy→heavily 词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly，gentle→gently 词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully，dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically，scientific→scientifically ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 ①Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging. ②The book was published in January 2016 and has been available (avail) in 12 languages. ③Our discussion ranges over various (vary) topics，　from sports to current affairs. ④The apartment is clean and well-located，but best of all，it’s affordable (afford). ⑤Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning). 考点3　动词的构词规律 前/后缀 例词 前缀 en- able→enable 使能够 large→enlarge 扩大 rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富 danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage 鼓励 sure→ensure 保证 续表 前/后缀 例词 后缀 -en ripe→ripen 使成熟 sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 wide→widen 加宽 short→shorten 变短 deep→deepen 加深 dark→darken 使变暗 hard→harden 使变硬 -ify class→classify 把……分类 just→justify 证明……正确 simple→simplify 简化 beauty→beautify 美化 pure→purify 净化 -ize apology→apologize 道歉 emphasis→emphasize 强调 memory→memorize 记住 real→realize 认识到；实现 学生用书第34页 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①It’s believed that taking these drugs may seriously endanger (danger) your health. ②Try your best to memorize (memory) these new words. ③It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify (pure) the waste water. ④I’d like to work abroad to broaden (broad) my horizons. 维度一　单句语法填空 1．You can keep healthy (health) by eating well and exercising regularly. 2．The speaker announced the establishment (establish)of a new college. 3．She tends to become emotional (emotion) on these occasions. 4．She felt embarrassed (embarrass) under his steady gaze. 5．It does good to the recovery (recover) of patients if they live where weather and food agree with them. 6．His humorous (humor) closing speech was a welcome addition to the otherwise dull meeting. 7．Many species are in danger of extinction (extinct) now due to the foolish actions of the human race. 8．It is by doing part-time jobs that college students can gain social experience and broaden (broad) their horizons. 9．We’ve developed the project from an original (origin) idea by Stephen. 10．On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 维度二　语法与写作 1．我听说那是一个令人惊叹的景象，我迫不及待地想去。 I’ve heard that it is an amazing sight，and I can’t wait to go. 2．每次我在漆黑的夜晚独自外出，我都感到很害怕。 Every time I go out alone in the dark night，I feel very frightened． 3．有很多证据表明，吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有益。 There’s a lot of evidence that eating fruit and vegetables is beneficial to our health. 4．充足的睡眠可以使我们精力充沛，在考试中表现出色。 Enough sleep can make us energetic and perform well in an exam. 5．他对那些跟不上他的学生很有耐心。 He was very patient with students who could not follow him. 维度三　语法与语篇 What comes to mind when you think of kung fu? If your mind is filled with images of Shaolin monks，Bruce Lee，jaw-dropping stunts or Kung Fu Panda，you wouldn’t be wrong.But for Laurence J．Brahm，an 1.American(America)documentary filmmaker，the first thing that springs to mind is the concept of non-violence. “Kung fu，in my eyes，is a mirror of Chinese culture，” 学生用书第35页 Brahm said.“The 2.traditional (tradition) values of kung fu，3.actually(actual)，are in the minds of all Chinese people.” “China adopts a policy of not wanting to have conflict with other countries.Why does China want to be in harmony with other nations？It’s part of the psychology of the Chinese people.It’s also 4.national (nation) psychology.” Brahm also believes that today’s world 5.urgently (urgent) needs to restart equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见)，and that culture and sports，such as kung fu，can serve as a great channel and platform. “In the same way，since ping-pong as a 6.cultural (culture) and sports exchange opened 7.relations (relate) for China with the West in the 1970s，kung fu can become the new cultural diplomacy (外交) of our time，bringing people together in mutual sharing of skills and culture，and furthering respect and understanding.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$