精品解析：广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题

2024~2025学年度高一上学期期末考试 英语 考生注意： 1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4.本卷命题范围：外研版必修 Book 1 Unit 1~Book 2 Unit 2。 第一部分 单项填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A. the; a B. 不填; a C. a; the D. the;不填 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在比尔的带领下，探险者们进入了这片森林，这里居住着许多野生动物。with sb. in the lead固定搭配，意为“在某人的带领下”，be home to固定搭配，意为“……的栖息地，……之家”，故选D。 2. The sports meet will be held on the playground next Thursday the weather is good. A. unless B. as long as C. even though D. before 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：只要天气好，运动会将在下周四在操场上举行。A. unless除非；B. as long as只要；C. even though即使；D. before在……之前。由下文“the weather is good.”可知，此处应用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。 3. What is the main structure of the sentence “The weather has turned cold”? A. S+VP（主语+系动词+表语） B. S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语） C. S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补） D. S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语） 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：句子“The weather has turned cold”的主要结构是什么？the weather是主语，has turned是谓语动词，turn是系动词，cold作表语，所以该句子结构是主语+系动词+表语，故选A。 4. We can’t add the prefix (前缀) “un-” to to give it the opposite(相反的)meaning. A. comfortable B. usual C. correct D. believable 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查构词法。A. comfortable舒适的，可以加un-变为uncomfortable不舒适的；B. usual通常的，可以加un-变为unusual不寻常的；C. correct正确的，不能加un-来构成反义词，其反义词是incorrect不正确的；D. believable可信的，可以加un- 变为unbelievable不可信的。所以我们不能给correct加上前缀un-来得到它的相反意思。故选B。 5. Now you have been familiar each other and then you can stay touch with each other from now on. A. with; in B. at; on C. by; for D. to; from 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：现在你们已经彼此熟悉了，从现在起你们可以保持联系。be familiar with固定搭配，意为“熟悉”，stay in touch with固定搭配，意为“与……得联系”，故选A。 6. Which of the following words has a different word formation (构词法)? A. sculpture B. memorize C. motorway D. humorous 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个词的构词法不同？A. sculpture雕塑；B. memorize记住；C. motorway高速公路；D. humorous幽默的。A、B、D项都是派生法，C是合成法，即由motor和way合成的，故选C。 7. The bakery at my father worked a few years ago is not far from here. A. which B. that C. where D. what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我父亲几年前工作过的那家面包店离这里不远。空格处引导限制性定语从句，对先行词bakery进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作worked at的宾语，且介词at提到关系代词前，所以只能用关系代词which代替先行词在从句中作宾语。故选A项。 8. Currently, she a fantastic new kitchen for you and she can finish it in three days. A. has designed B. is designing C. was designing D. was to design 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：目前，她正在为你设计一个很棒的新厨房，她可以在三天内完成。design“设计”。根据句中的时间状语Currently可知，此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为she，be动词用is，谓语用is designing，符合语境。故选B。 9. The man profession is an editor lives next to us in the same community. A. his B. whom C. who D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个以编辑为职业的人住在我们同一个社区的隔壁。______profession is an editor是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰profession，应用whose引导定语从句，故选D。 10. —The tall woman dressed in red over there looks like our English teacher. —It be her. She has gone abroad. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。 句意：——那边穿红衣服的高个子女人看起来像我们的英语老师。——不可能是她。她已经出国了。A. can’t 表示“不可能”，用于有把握的否定推测，符合语境。B. shouldn’t 表示“不应该”，语气较弱，不符合有把握的否定推测。C. mustn’t 表示“禁止”，不符合语境。D. needn’t 表示“不必”，也与语境不符。根据对话内容，第二个人表示“不可能是她”，因为“她已经出国了”。这里需要一个表示有把握、否定推测的情态动词。故选C项。 11. Nancy picked up the blue envelope and turned it over because she wanted to know what was written on the cover. A. enormously B. bitterly C. curiously D. horribly 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：南希拿起蓝色信封，好奇地翻过来，想知道封面上写了什么。A。 enormously巨大地；B. bitterly痛苦地；C. curiously好奇地；D. horribly可怕地。由下文“because she wanted to know what was written on the cover.”可知，她想知道封面上写了什么，所以好奇地翻过来，故选C。 12. Tom is expected the job well because he tends very careful in his work. A. to complete; being B. to complete; to be C. completing; to be D. completing; being 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆有望完成这项工作，因为他工作时往往非常细心。be expected to do sth.固定搭配，意为“预计做某事；有望做某事”，tend to do sth.固定搭配，意为“倾向于做某事；往往做某事”，故选B。 13. Jack the teacher’s advice last time so he failed in the maths exam. A. was ignored B. will ignore C. ignores D. ignored 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：杰克上次无视老师的建议，所以数学考试不及格。根据下文failed可知，句子时态为一般过去时，描述发生在过去的事情，句子主语Jack与动词ignore构成主动关系，故需用一般过去时的主动语态。A选项为一般过去时的被动语态，B选项为一般将来时，C选项为一般现在时。故选D项。 14. It is said that the manager’s answer was . That means he didn’t agree with the plan. A. impressive B. negative C. ordinary D. formal 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据说经理的回答是否定的。那意味着他不同意这个计划。A. impressive令人印象深刻的；B. negative否定的，消极的；C. ordinary普通的；D. formal正式的。根据“That means he didn’t agree with the plan.”可知，经理的回答是否定的。故选B。 15. He took to painting when he was only six and ended up a well-known painter in the world. A. learn; to become B. learning; to become C. learning; becoming D. learn; becoming 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他六岁时就开始学习绘画，后来成为世界知名的画家。短语take to意为“开始，开始从事于”中的to是介词，后面应该用名词或动名词作宾语，所以，第一个空格处用learning；第二空为end up doing意为“最终做某事”，所以第二个空格处用becoming作宾语。故选C项。 16. —Excuse me, I take this seat beside you? —Sorry, you mustn’t. It has been taken already. A. may B. need C. dare D. shall 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——对不起，我可以坐在你旁边的这个座位上吗？——对不起，你不能。这个座位已经被占了。A. may可以（表示请求）；B. need需要；C. dare敢；D. shall将。由上文excuse me可知，此处表示请求，故选A。 17. Which sentence has a different sentence structure (句子结构) from the other three? A. He told me to keep calm. B. I saw her waiting at the bus stop. C. I have some questions to ask you. D. He help me have this washing machine repaired. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：哪个句子与其他三个句子结构不同？A. He told me to keep calm.他告诉我保持冷静；B. I saw her waiting at the bus stop.我看到她在公交车站等着；C. I have some questions to ask you.我有一些问题要问你；D. He help me have this washing machine repaired.他帮助我修理了这台洗衣机。A项、B项和D项是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；C项是主语+谓语+宾语+后置定语结构，故选C。 18. A(n) something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details. A. warning of B. approach to C. passion for D. summary of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：某物的概述是对它的简短描述，它给出了要点但没有细节。A. warning of……的警告；B. approach to……的方法；C. passion for……的热情；D. summary of……的概述。结合something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details可知，本句中应表达“某物的概述是对它的简短描述”，故用summary of符合语境。故选D。 19. When something is in a mirror or in water, you can see its image in the mirror or in the water. A. reminded B. reflected C. recommended D. requested 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当物体在镜子或水中反射时，你可以在镜子或水中看到它的影像。A. reminded 提醒；B. reflected 反射；C. recommended 推荐；D. requested 要求。根据句中“see its image in the mirror or in the water.”可知，在水或镜面中看到物体影像，是物体“反射”到镜面或水中。故选B。 20. It’s high time that you should your work at hand or you can’t finish it on time. A. recover from B. concentrate on C. come across D. wonder at 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你该集中精力做手头的工作了，否则你不能按时完成。A. recover from从……恢复；B. concentrate on集中于；C. come across偶遇；D. wonder at对……感到惊讶。由下文“your work at hand or you can’t finish it on time.”可知，此处表示集中精力于手头上的工作，故选B。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Stories Behind Famous Company Names Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a drug store when he returned home in North Carolina. In 1893 he made up (配制) what he first called “Brad’s Drink”, a mix of water, caramel, lemon oil and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion (消化). Afterwards, Bradham changed the term into the name Pepsi. This luxury car-maker combined elements (要素) from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701. Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate (大副) in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity. The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was expecting to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, could work in different languages, and look good on the watches. He chose Rolex in 1908 after some consideration. 21. Who started to build a city at the beginning of the 18th century? A. Caleb Bradham. B. Gordeon Bowker. C. Cadillac. D. Hans Wilsdorf. 22. Pepsi has a history of ______. A. less than a hundred years. B. about two hundred years. C. about three hundred years. D. over a hundred and twenty years. 23. What did Hans Wilsdorf contribute to? A. Making up a drink that could provide energy. B Creating a device that showed what time it was. C. Designing a kind of luxury car with high quality. D. Inventing a kind of medicine that helped with digestion. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个著名公司名字背后的故事，包括百事 (Pepsi)、凯迪拉克 (Cadillac)、星巴克 (Starbuck)以及劳力士 (Rolex)名字的由来及相关背景信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The company was named after the French explorer Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701. (该公司是以法国探险家凯迪拉克的名字命名的，凯迪拉克在1701年建立了底特律市。)”可知，是凯迪拉克在1701年 (属于18世纪初) 建立了底特律城。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1893, he made up (配制) what he first called ‘Brad’s Drink’, a mix of water, caramel, lemon oil and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion (消化). Afterwards, Bradham changed the term into the name Pepsi. (1893年，他配制出了最初被他称为“布拉德饮料”的饮品，它是由水、焦糖、柠檬油和其他香料混合而成的。五年后，他将其重新命名为“百事可乐”。他宣称这种饮料有助于消化。之后，布拉德姆又把这个名称改成了“百事”。)”可知，从1893年开始出现相关饮品到现在 (2024年) 已经超过了120年。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was expecting to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. (劳力士的发明者汉斯・威尔斯多夫期望制造出一款优雅且精准的腕表。)”可知，他发明了劳力士手表，也就是创造了一种能显示时间的装置。故选B。 B Growing up on a remote Michigan farm, Henry Ford knew little of all this — but he soon showed his interest more in the industrial future than in the agricultural past. His father, William, hoped his eldest son would join him on the farm, and finally take it over. But Henry hated farm work and did everything he could to avoid it. It was not that he was lazy but that the repeated daily life of the farm upset him. If given a mechanical (机械的) job to do, he would be set to work eagerly. When he was twelve, he became almost uncontrollably interested in clocks and watches. Soon he was repairing clocks and watches for friends. In 1876, his wife died in childbirth. Henry suffered a blow and decided to get away from the farm as soon as he could. Three years later, he worked as a mechanic in Detroit. One day in 1877, when he first saw a steam-driven locomotive (蒸汽机车), Henry went to the locomotive driver and asked him plenty of questions about the engine’s performance. From then on, Henry became crazy about steam engines. Later, with the help of an old co-worker, Henry got an engineer position at the Edison Detroit Electricity Company. Although Henry quickly became chief engineer at the Detroit power factory, his interest in fuel engines took up his life. He spent most of his spare time trying to build an engine according to his own design. Henry went through the hard way to build an engine by hand from the beginning. It was two years before he succeeded in building a working car. It was unattractive-looking on bicycle wheels and driven by a rubber belt that connected the engine. Henry called it the “Quadricycle (四轮自行车)”. 24. What appealed to Henry Ford most when he was very young? A. Sports. B. Farm work. C. Machines. D. Art. 25. How did Ford’s wife lose her life? A. When she was giving birth. B. Because of a serious disease. C. Owing to a psychological problem. D. When she was experiencing a natural disaster. 26. When did Ford become mad about steam engines? A. Before he went to university to learn machinery. B. Before he got an engineer position at a company. C. After he made friends with the locomotive driver. D. After he asked some questions about a locomotive. 27. What part of the working car is mentioned (提到) in the last paragraph? A. Objects that people can sit on in a vehicle. B. An object in a vehicle that can make it go slower or stop. C. Round objects under a vehicle that can turn when it moves. D. An object a driver can turn to control the direction that a vehicle goes in. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了亨利·福特从小对机械产生浓厚兴趣，并最终通过自己的努力成功制造出第一辆工作汽车的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“If given a mechanical job to do, he would be set to work eagerly.(如果给他一份机械方面的工作，他会热衷于这项工作)”和第二段“When he was twelve, he became almost uncontrollably interested in clocks and watches.(当他12岁的时候，他对钟表产生了几乎无法控制的兴趣)”可知，当亨利•福特很小的时候，机器最吸引他。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1876, his wife died in childbirth.(1876年，他的妻子在分娩时去世)”可知，福特的妻子是在分娩时去世的。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One day in 1877, when he first saw a steam-driven locomotive, Henry went to the locomotive driver and asked him plenty of questions about the engine’s performance. From then on, Henry became crazy about steam engines.(1877年的一天，当他第一次看到蒸汽驱动的机车时，亨利走到机车司机面前，问了他很多关于发动机性能的问题。从那时起，亨利对蒸汽机着迷了)”可知，福特是在问了一些关于火车的问题之后对蒸汽机着迷的。故选D。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“It was two years before he succeeded in building a working car. It was unattractive-looking on bicycle wheels and driven by a rubber belt that connected the engine. Henry called it the “Quadricycle (过了两年他才成功地造出了一辆可以工作的汽车。四轮自行车)”.(它装在自行车轮子上，由连接引擎的橡胶带驱动，看起来并不好看。亨利称它为“四轮车”)”可知，此处提到了最初汽车使用的轮子，即车辆下方的在移动时可以转动的圆形物体。故选C。 C As the world tries to give up fossil fuels, there is a lot of focus on renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy. But one very promising source of energy comes from deep inside the earth. And old oil wells could help greatly in developing and using this energy resource. “Geothermal (地热的) ” power is based on the heat that comes from deep inside the earth. “Geo” means Earth and “thermal” means “heat”. Earth’s core, deep in the center of the planet, is about as hot as the sun’s surface, and is expected to stay that way for billions of years. This heat slowly makes its way outward from the core. In some places, where the rocks have lots of holes in them, this heat comes out in different kinds of hot springs, with hot water and steam coming out naturally through the earth’s surface. In areas like this, humans have been using the earth’s heat for different purposes for hundreds of years. In general, though geothermal energy requires drilling (钻孔) deep into the earth. There are many different ways of collecting the heat and different ways of using it. But these geothermal wells can easily produce huge amounts of heat and electricity for hundreds of years — all without pollution. There is another positive side to geothermal energy — it can produce power day and night all year long. Solar power depends on the sun, and wind power depends on wind. That means that they are not constant. But energy from geothermal sources is always available (可获得的) . However, geothermal energy also faces a big challenge — drilling down deep enough to create a geothermal plant is hard, and it costs a lot of money. Some geothermal plants require drilling down more than 4 miles (6.5 kilometers) below the earth’s surface. Drilling down even deeper can lead to much more heat and far more powerful energy sources. The costs of all this drilling are a big part of what has limited geothermal projects But now people are starting to think about a clever idea that could make geothermal energy far cheaper: using oil wells that are already there. 28. What can be learned about geothermal energy from the text? A. It is collected from the depths of the earth. B. It doesn’t belong to renewable energy. C. It has only been used for a century. D. It can be got from fossil fuels. 29. What might NOT be the advantage of geothermal energy? A. Various ways of using it. B. Available all the time. C. Environmentally friendly. D. Cheap and easy to collect. 30. What does the underlined word “That” in Para. 4 refer to? A. What effects geothermal energy has on our lives. B. How solar energy and wind energy are stored. C. What solar power and wind power rely on. D. How geothermal energy can be used. 31. Why are people turning to oil wells for geothermal energy? A. To reduce the costs. B. To limit geothermal projects. C. To take care of the environment. D. To try to save and make full use of energy. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地热能这种可再生能源的来源、利用方式、优势以及面临的挑战，并提到了一种利用现有油井来降低地热能开采成本的新思路。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Geothermal (地热的) ” power is based on the heat that comes from deep inside the earth.(地热能是基于来自地球深处的热量。)”可知，地热能是从地球深处收集的。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In general, though geothermal energy requires drilling (钻孔) deep into the earth. There are many different ways of collecting the heat and different ways of using it. But these geothermal wells can easily produce huge amounts of heat and electricity for hundreds of years—all without pollution(一般来说，尽管地热能需要深入地球进行钻探。收集热量和使用热量的方法有很多种。但这些地热井可以毫不费力地为数百年提供大量的热量和电力——而且完全没有污染)”可知，地热能的优点包括使用它的各种方式、随时可用以及环保，因此选项A、B、C都是地热能的优点；根据文章第四段“However, geothermal energy also faces a big challenge— drilling down deep enough to create a geothermal plant is hard, and it costs a lot of money(然而，地热能也面临着一个巨大的挑战——钻探足够深以建造一个地热发电厂是困难的，而且需要花费大量的金钱)”可知，地热能的收集并不容易且成本很高，所以选项D不是地热能的优点。故选D。 30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Solar power depends on the sun, and wind power depends on wind. That means that they are not constant(太阳能依赖于太阳，风能依赖于风。这意味着它们不是恒定的)”可知，That指代的是前面两句话的内容，即“太阳能依赖于太阳，风能依赖于风”，也就是太阳能和风能所依赖的东西。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The costs of all this drilling are a big part of what has limited geothermal projects. But now people are starting to think about a clever idea that could make geothermal energy far cheaper: using oil wells that are already there(所有这些钻探的成本是限制地热项目的一个重要因素。但现在人们开始考虑一个可以使地热能便宜得多的聪明想法：利用已经存在的油井)”可知，人们转向油井来获取地热能是为了降低成本。故选A。 D Thomas Scovel, one of the first professors from the United States to teach at a Chinese university, returned to his old school recently to make a donation (捐赠) for one of his former students. Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US. He came back to China in 1979 to take up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University. The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978, took to the stage at the university’s 60th anniversary celebration on Sept 28 to present a check for 2.2 million yuan ($300,000) to the university for his former student Yang Bin. The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous. For the teaching awards, they have been named after Scovel and his wife Janene, who also taught at the university. Zhou Honglei, the university’s leader, recognized Scovel as “one of the first foreign professors to journey from the US to China”. Scovel wrote a message for the university’s 60th anniversary celebration, reflecting on the late 1970s when China began its journey of reform and opening-up. From 1979 on, Scovel only returned to the university in 2014 for its 50th anniversary. In one of his writings, he remembered encountering a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ” “Little did I know that not long after the new millennium (千年), China would far overtake Japan in terms of exports to the US,” he said. Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978. “Forty years ago, it was almost unimaginable that, in today’s China, numerous people would have their own houses, have a car and that phones would be more common than fountain pens,” he said. 32. What can we know about Thomas Scovel? A. He has completed a book about his family. B. He has mostly lived in China since 1979. C. He once worked as a doctor. D. He is in his eighties now. 33. Why did Yang Bin donate the money to the university? A. To reward teachers and students. B. To purchase some teaching equipment. C. To offer poor students some education fees. D. To help with the construction of some buildings. 34. What does the underlined word “encountering” in the fifth paragraph mean? A. Depending on. B. Coming across. C. Breaking into. D. Turning in. 35. What is a suitable title for the news report? A. US professor describes great changes in China since 1978 B. Scovel writes a message for university’s 60th anniversary C. US professor makes speeches at Tianjin Foreign Studies University D. Scovel takes up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是美国教授托马斯·斯科维尔重返中国高校，为其曾教过的学生捐赠奖学金，并回顾了自1978年中国改革开放以来的巨大变迁。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US.(斯科维尔1939年出生于山东省济宁市，父亲是一名美国医生，后来回到美国。)”可知，关于托马斯·斯科维尔我们能知道他现在八十多岁了。故选D项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous.(这笔捐款将用于教师奖学金和奖励，这是杨先生在2014年捐赠的200万元的基础上的又一笔捐款。这笔钱是作为对表现出卓越领导能力、运动技能以及乐于助人和慷慨精神的学生的奖励。)”可知，杨先生把钱捐给学校是为了奖励老师和学生。故选A项。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ”(……一个简短的政治标语，用来宣传当时流行的“四个现代化”，上面写着：“到2000年赶上并超过日本！”他说：“我一点也不知道，在新千年之后不久，中国对美国的出口将远远超过日本。”)”由此可知，此处为他记得在一个广告牌上看到了一个简短的政治标语。故可猜测划线单词encountering为“看到”的意思，和B选项Coming across“偶遇”意思相近。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是第三段中“The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978(这位前教授写了一本关于中国自1978年改革开放以来发生的巨大变化的书)”和第四段以及最后一段中的“Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978.(斯科维尔指出，中国自1978年以来发生了重大变化。)”可知，这篇新闻报道的合适标题是“一位美国教授描述了1978年以来中国的巨大变化”。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again? ____36____. The happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time on useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities for their families’ life. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his future life be given so much without having to do anything in return. ____37____ - things older people have lost interest in because they are too common. ____38____. He is not so free to do what he wishes to do. He is continually being told not to do things or being punished for something wrong he has done. When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room. ____39____. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. ____40____ if he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health. A. But a child has his parents. B. Each age has its pleasures and its pains. C. A teenager should learn to take care of others. D. He has to work if he wants to live comfortably. E. Besides, life is always presenting new things to the child. F. They can tell him what he should do when he has problems in life. G. He can have the great happiness of setting up his own position in society. 【答案】36. B 37. E 38. A 39. D 40. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。 【36题详解】 根据上文“How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again? (有多少次我们听到孩子们希望自己长大了，老人希望自己再年轻？)以及下文“The happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time on useless regrets. (最幸福的人是享受每个年龄给他的东西，而不是把时间浪费在无谓的后悔上。)”可知，上文提到孩子希望长大，老人希望年轻，下文讲述不同年龄段的快乐与痛苦，B选项Each age has its pleasures and its pains. (每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦。)可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“It is impossible that he will ever again in his future life be given so much without having to do anything in return. (在他未来的生活中，他不可能再得到这么多而不需要做任何回报。)”以及下文“things older people have lost interest in because they are too common. (老年人已经对这些东西失去了兴趣，因为它们太常见了。)”可知，上文说孩子在童年被给予很多却无需回报，下文提到老人失去兴趣的事物，E选项Besides, life is always presenting new things to the child. (此外，生活总是给孩子呈现新事物。)可知，说明孩子童年除了被照顾，还能接触新事物，衔接自然，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“He is not so free to do what he wishes to do. He is continually being told not to do things or being punished for something wrong he has done. (他不能自由地做他想做的事。他不断被告知不要做某事，或者因为他做错了什么而受到惩罚。)”可知，该段后文讲述孩子不自由，会被限制和惩罚，A选项But a child has his parents. (但是孩子有父母。)可知，引出下文父母对孩子的约束，符合逻辑。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room. (当一个年轻人开始自己谋生时，他就不能再指望别人为他的衣食住行买单了。)”可知，前文说年轻人开始自己谋生，就不能指望别人为他支付生活费用，D选项He has to work if he wants to live comfortably. (如果他想生活舒适，就必须工作。)可知，说明年轻人需要工作来维持生活，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进。故选D项。 【40题详解】 根据上文“And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. (如果他违反社会的法律，就像他曾经违反他父母的法律一样，他可能会进监狱。)”可知，前文提到年轻人若不努力工作或违法会面临不好的结果，此句用but转折，G选项He can have the great happiness of setting up his own position in society. (他能在社会上建立自己的地位，从而获得巨大的幸福。)可知，说明年轻人努力工作会有好的结果，符合语境。故选G项。 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family. Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His ____41____ led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That is ____42____ the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is ____43____ his major ____44____ discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than 300 years ago. A famous ____45____ about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the ____46____ of gravity (重力). Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is ____47____ attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to ____48____ the two fans, one above the other. The wind could ____49____ the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to _____50_____ a lighting system made out of wood. Al-Attar tried to design the device but _____51_____ twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, _____52_____ he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when _____53_____ can improve in Gaza. “People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said _____54_____. “Because I hope to _____55_____ my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.” 41. A. style B. invention C. fortune D. humour 42. A. different from B. separated from C. connected with D. ready for 43. A. famous for B. tired of C. free from D. careful about 44. A. political B. medical C. artistic D. scientific 45. A. notice B. plan C. promise D. story 46. A. nature B. stage C. contact D. option 47. A. suddenly B. seriously C. partly D. gradually 48. A. put away B. set up C. point to D. hand in 49. A. turn B. damage C. touch D. fly 50. A. repair B. control C. break D. memorize 51 A. applied B. calmed C. failed D. apologised 52. A. after B. though C. unless D. until 53. A. schedules B. conditions C. weather D. cuisine 54. A. cheerfully B. regretfully C. sadly D. pitifully 55. A. postpone B. exchange C. judge D. achieve 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加沙少年自制发电装置为家人带来光明的故事。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的发明让难民营里的其他人开始称他为“加沙的Newton”。A. style风格；B. invention发明；C. fortune财富；D. humour幽默。根据上文“Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity.”和下文“led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza””可知，Hussam Al-Attar用风扇制作小型风力涡轮机来发电，这是他的一个发明，也是因为他的发明，难民营里的其他人开始称他为“加沙的牛顿”。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那与英国科学家Isaac Newton有关。A. different from不同于；B. separated from与……分开；C. connected with与……有关；D. ready for为……做准备。根据上文“led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza””可知，人们开始称Hussam Al-Attar为“加沙的Newton”，这是与英国科学家Isaac Newton有关的。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：Newton因300多年前在物理、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。A. famous for因……而闻名；B. tired of对……感到厌倦；C. free from免受；D. careful about对……小心。根据下文“discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy”及常识可知，Newton是因300多年前在物理、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Newton因300多年前在物理、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。A. political政治的；B. medical医学的；C. artistic艺术的；D. scientific科学的。根据下文“discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy”可知，这些是在物理、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于Newton的一个著名故事描述了苹果落在他的头上是如何让他发现重力的本质。A. notice通知；B. plan计划；C. promise承诺；D. story故事。根据下文“about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the ____ of gravity (重力).”可知，苹果落在他的头上是如何让他发现万有引力定律的，这是关于Newton的一个著名故事。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于Newton的一个著名故事描述了苹果落在他的头上是如何让他发现重力的本质。A. nature本质，自然；B. stage舞台；C. contact联系；D. option选择。根据上文“how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the”和下文“gravity”及常识可知，苹果落在牛顿的头上，让他发现了重力的本质。the nature of gravity意为“重力的本质”。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar和他的家人住在一个部分附着在房子上的帐篷里。A. suddenly突然地；B. seriously严肃地；C. partly部分地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“attached to (附着) a house”可知，帐篷是部分附着在房子上的。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他能够爬到屋顶上，把两个风扇一个叠一个地安装起来。A. put away放好；B. set up安装；C. point to指向；D. hand in上交。根据上文“He was able to climb onto the roof”及下文“the two fans, one above the other”可知，他爬到屋顶上是为了安装两个风扇。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：风可以转动风扇，产生少量的电。A. turn转动；B. damage破坏；C. touch触摸；D. fly飞。根据上文“The wind could”及下文“the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity”可知，风可以转动风扇来发电。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar还设计了开关来控制一个由木头制成的照明系统。A. repair修理；B. control控制；C. break打破；D. memorize记住。根据上文“Al-Attar also designed switches”和下文“a lighting system made out of wood”可知，这是由木头制成的照明系统，Al-Attar设计了开关来控制这个系统。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar试图设计这个装置，但失败了两次，他花了很多时间才开发出一个工作系统。A. applied申请；B. calmed使平静；C. failed失败；D. apologised道歉。根据下文“twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system”可知，Al-Attar花了很多时间才开发出一个工作系统，所以Al-Attar试图设计这个装置时失败了两次。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：他开始进一步开发它，一点一点地，直到他能够把电线穿过房间延伸到帐篷里，这样帐篷里就会有光了。A. after在……之后；B. though尽管；C. unless除非；D. until直到。根据上文“He started developing it further, bit by bit”及下文“he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light”可知，他开始一点一点地进一步开发它，直到他能够把电线穿过房间延伸到帐篷里。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他只是期待着加沙的条件能够改善的未来。A. schedules时间表；B. conditions条件；C. weather天气；D. cuisine烹饪。根据上文“He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members”和“he is just looking forward to the future”、“can improve in Gaza”可知，Al-Attar很高兴能够创造一些东西来帮助减少家人的“痛苦”，所以他只是期待着加沙的条件能够改善的未来。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这个难民营里的人经常叫我‘加沙的Newton’，”Al-Attar高兴地说。A. cheerfully高兴地；B. regretfully遗憾地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. pitifully可怜地。根据上文“People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’”可知，Al-Attar对人们的夸赞感到很高兴。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我希望实现我的梦想，成为一名像Newton那样的科学家，创造出不仅能帮助加沙地带人民，而且能帮助全世界的东西。A. postpone推迟；B. exchange交换；C. judge判断；D. achieve实现。根据下文“my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton”可知，Al-Attar希望实现自己的梦想，成为一名像Newton那样的科学家。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I remember the day ____56____ I first learned to ride a bike. From my point of view, it was a very adventurous yet fun experience. My grandfather, who had green fingers, was the one that taught me to ride and gave me a hand when I got hurt. The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea what I was doing, and everything went wrong. My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals (脚蹬) and start cycling. I kept his advice in mind. He also told me he would hold on to the back of the bike the whole time ____57____ case I might fall off the bike. I made an assumption that he would do that, yet actually he didn’t. As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let the bike go. I happened to look back just then. When I was quite frightened, my mind went blank, and I just wanted to be off the bike. I forgot how to use the brakes (车闸). That caused me to fall off the bike. At ____58____ sight of that, my grandfather came up and kept encouraging me to get up and try again. I admitted ____59____ (feel) so nervous. As soon as I started riding again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose. I didn’t make a ____60____ (complain) and asked my grandfather, “____61____I go on learning to ride today?” My grandfather said, “No, you needn’t. So far you ____62____ (finish) your training. Let’s call it a day, shall we? You may as well rise early tomorrow morning.” The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better and I became rather ____63____(energy) again. I did my best to prevent myself from falling down to the ground anymore. My strong determination was to make an effort to learn to ride my bike skillfully. ____64____ (eventual), I managed ____65____ (ride) the bike better. 【答案】56. when 57. in 58. the 59. feeling 60. complaint 61. Must 62. have finished 63. energetic 64. Eventually 65. to ride 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次学骑自行车的经历。 【56题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我记得我第一次学骑自行车的那一天。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when引导。故填when。 【57题详解】 考查介词。句意：他还告诉我，他会一直抓住自行车的后面，以防我从自行车上摔下来。in case为固定短语，意为“以防”，引导目的状语从句。故填in。 【58题详解】 考查冠词。句意：看到这一幕，我的祖父走过来，不断地鼓励我站起来再试一次。at the sight of...为固定短语，意为“看到……”。故填the。 【59题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我承认我感觉很紧张。句中已有谓语动词admitted，空处为非谓语动词，admit doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“承认做某事”，所以用feel的动名词形式feeling。故填feeling。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：我没有抱怨，问我爷爷：“我今天必须继续学骑自行车吗？”根据空前不定冠词a可知，空处需填动词complain的名词形式complaint，并且make a complaint为固定短语，意为 “抱怨”。故填complaint。 【61题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：我没有抱怨，问我爷爷：“我今天必须继续学骑自行车吗？”根据回答“No, you needn’t. (不，你不必)”可知，此处是情态动词must提问的一般疑问句，must意为“必须”，空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Must。 【62题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，你已经完成了训练。根据时间状语So far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为you，助动词用have。故填have finished。 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我的鼻子感觉好多了，我又变得精力充沛了。根据空前became rather可知，空处为形容词作表语，名词energy的形容词为energetic，表示“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。 【64题详解】 考查副词。句意：最终，我设法把自行车骑得更好了。本空用副词eventually“最终”，作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Eventually。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最终，我设法把自行车骑得更好了。句中已有谓语动词managed ，空处为非谓语动词，manage to do sth.为固定短语，意为“设法做成某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填to ride。 第三节 补全语篇（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 请在方框中选择合适的词汇，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。（答案处请写出单词或短语） 注意：（1）每个选项至多只能使用一次；（2）方框中有一个多余词汇。 A. seriously B. were amazed at C. regardless of D. improvement E. proud F. originally G. for a moment H. joke I. pulled away J. hung up K. powerless My teenage son Karl became withdrawn (沉默寡言的) after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he ____66____. When his report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent (缺席的) 95 times from classes and had six failing grades for the year. At this rate, he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked ____67____ my effort. One night I felt so ____68____ that I got down on my knees and asked for help. “Please God, I can’t do anything more for my son. I’m at the end of my rope. I’m giving the whole thing up to you.” I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. “I want to talk to you about Karl’s absences.” Before he could say another word, I choked up (哽咽) and all my disappointment with and sadness about Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. “I love my son but I just don’t know what to do. I’ve tried everything to get Karl to go back to school but nothing has worked. It’s out of my hands.” I listened and ____69____, there was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster ____70____ said, “Thank you for your time,” and ____71____. Karl’s next report card showed an obvious ____72____ in his grades. Finally, he even made the honor roll (上荣誉榜). In his fourth year at high school, I attended a parent-teacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that his teachers ____73____ the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said, “Mum, remember that call from the headmaster last year?” I nodded. “That was me. I thought I’d play a ____74____ but when I heard what you said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. That’s when I knew I had to make you _____75_____.” 【答案】66. pulled away 67. regardless of 68. powerless 69. for a moment 70. seriously 71. hung up 72. improvement 73. were amazed at 74. joke 75. proud 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。单亲母亲为丧父后自闭的儿子倾尽心力却无果。儿子想和妈妈开玩笑，假扮校长给妈妈打电话，听了妈妈的话后，深受触动，奋发图强，最终成绩显著提升并荣登优等生榜。 【66题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但我越是努力，他就越疏远我。根据句意和空格前的主语he可知，空格处应该用动词或动词短语作谓语，且意义为“退后、离开”，所以动词短语pulled away填入空格处，符合语境。故填pulled away。 【67题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：但无论我怎么努力，都没有用。根据句意和空格后的名词my effort可知，空格处应该填入介词或介词短语，且意义为“不管，不顾”。所以，介词短语regardless of填入空格处，符合语境。故填regardless of。 【68题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一天晚上，我感到非常无助，于是我跪下来祈求帮助。根据句意和空格前的系动词felt可知，空格处应该用形容词作表语，且意义为“无助的”。所以形容词powerless填入空格处，符合语境。故填powerless。 【69题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我听着，电话那头沉默了一会儿。根据下文的“there was silence on the other end of the line”可知，空格处应该用填入短语作状语，且意义为“一会儿”。所以，介词短语for a moment填入空格处，符合语境。故填for a moment。 【70题详解】 考查副词。句意： 校长严肃地说：“感谢你抽出时间。”然后就挂断了电话。根据句意和空格后的动词said可知，空格处应该用副词作状语，修饰动词said，且意义为“严肃地”，所以副词seriously填入空格处，符合语境。故填seriously。 【71题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：校长严肃地说：“感谢你抽出时间。”然后就挂断了电话。根据句意和空格前的and可知，空格处应该用动词或动词短语作并列谓语，且意义为“挂断电话”，所以动词短语hung up填入空格处，符合语境。故填hung up。 【72题详解】 考查名词。句意：卡尔的下一张成绩单显示了他的成绩有了明显的进步。根据句意和空格前的showed an obvious可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“改进；提高”。所以，名词improvement填入空格处，符合语境。故填improvement。 【73题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：我注意到他的老师们对他惊人的转变感到惊讶。根据句意和空格前的主语his teachers可知，空格处是从句的谓语部分，且意义为“对……感到惊讶”，所以were amazed at填入空格处，符合语境。故填were amazed at。 【74题详解】 考查名词。句意：我本想开个玩笑，但当我听到你说的那些话时，我突然意识到我给你带来了多大的伤害。根据句意和空格前的play a可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“笑话，玩笑”，所以，名词joke填入空格处，符合语境。故填joke。 【75题详解】 考查形容词。句意：那一刻，我知道我必须让你感到骄傲。根据句意和空格前的make you可知，空格处应该用形容词作宾语补足语，且意义为“骄傲的；自豪的”，所以形容词proud填入空格处，符合语境。故填proud。 第四部分 写作（满分20分） 76. 假定你是李华，你的英国网友Bill给你发来电子邮件，询问如何和他人相处。你打算给他一些建议，内容包括： 1.人际交往是不可或缺的能力； 2.提出与人友好交往的一些建议； 3.希望这些建议对Bill有益处。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Bill, How are you doing recently? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Bill, How are you doing recently? Glad to receive your email asking about how to get on well with others. As we all know, interpersonal communication is an ability that everyone should have. Here are my suggestions. First of all, we should respect others. Everyone has their own ideas and their own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. In my opinion, we should treat others in an honest way. Only in this way can we get along well with each other and feel happy. Hope that my advice above can benefit you a lot. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Bill写一封建议信，对于如何和他人相处提出建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 与……和睦相处：get on well with→get along well with 交流：communication→interaction 尊重：respect→show respect for 重要的：important→significant 在我看来：in my opinion→in my view/as far as I’m concerned 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As we all know, interpersonal communication is an ability that everyone should have. 拓展句：It is well known that interpersonal communication is an ability that everyone should have. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble.(使用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we get along well with each other and feel happy. (使用了“Only+介词短语”位于句首的倒装结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024~2025学年度高一上学期期末考试 英语 考生注意： 1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4.本卷命题范围：外研版必修 Book 1 Unit 1~Book 2 Unit 2。 第一部分 单项填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A. the; a B. 不填; a C. a; the D. the;不填 2. The sports meet will be held on the playground next Thursday the weather is good. A. unless B. as long as C. even though D. before 3. What is the main structure of the sentence “The weather has turned cold”? A. S+VP（主语+系动词+表语） B. S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语） C. S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补） D. S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语） 4. We can’t add the prefix (前缀) “un-” to to give it the opposite(相反的)meaning. A comfortable B. usual C. correct D. believable 5. Now you have been familiar each other and then you can stay touch with each other from now on. A. with; in B. at; on C. by; for D. to; from 6. Which of the following words has a different word formation (构词法)? A. sculpture B. memorize C. motorway D. humorous 7. The bakery at my father worked a few years ago is not far from here. A. which B. that C. where D. what 8. Currently, she a fantastic new kitchen for you and she can finish it in three days. A. has designed B. is designing C. was designing D. was to design 9. The man profession is an editor lives next to us in the same community. A. his B. whom C. who D. whose 10. —The tall woman dressed in red over there looks like our English teacher. —It be her. She has gone abroad. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 11. Nancy picked up the blue envelope and turned it over because she wanted to know what was written on the cover. A. enormously B. bitterly C. curiously D. horribly 12. Tom is expected the job well because he tends very careful in his work. A. to complete; being B. to complete; to be C. completing; to be D. completing; being 13. Jack the teacher’s advice last time so he failed in the maths exam. A. was ignored B. will ignore C. ignores D. ignored 14. It is said that the manager’s answer was . That means he didn’t agree with the plan. A. impressive B. negative C. ordinary D. formal 15. He took to painting when he was only six and ended up a well-known painter in the world. A. learn; to become B. learning; to become C. learning; becoming D. learn; becoming 16. —Excuse me, I take this seat beside you? —Sorry, you mustn’t. It has been taken already. A. may B. need C. dare D. shall 17. Which sentence has a different sentence structure (句子结构) from the other three? A. He told me to keep calm. B. I saw her waiting at the bus stop. C. I have some questions to ask you. D. He help me have this washing machine repaired. 18. A(n) something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details. A warning of B. approach to C. passion for D. summary of 19. When something is in a mirror or in water, you can see its image in the mirror or in the water. A. reminded B. reflected C. recommended D. requested 20 It’s high time that you should your work at hand or you can’t finish it on time. A. recover from B. concentrate on C. come across D. wonder at 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Stories Behind Famous Company Names Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a drug store when he returned home in North Carolina. In 1893, he made up (配制) what he first called “Brad’s Drink”, a mix of water, caramel, lemon oil and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion (消化). Afterwards, Bradham changed the term into the name Pepsi. This luxury car-maker combined elements (要素) from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701. Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate (大副) in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity. The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was expecting to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, could work in different languages, and look good on the watches. He chose Rolex in 1908 after some consideration. 21. Who started to build a city at the beginning of the 18th century? A. Caleb Bradham. B. Gordeon Bowker. C. Cadillac. D. Hans Wilsdorf. 22. Pepsi has a history of ______. A. less than a hundred years. B. about two hundred years. C. about three hundred years. D. over a hundred and twenty years. 23. What did Hans Wilsdorf contribute to? A. Making up a drink that could provide energy. B. Creating a device that showed what time it was. C. Designing a kind of luxury car with high quality. D. Inventing a kind of medicine that helped with digestion. B Growing up on a remote Michigan farm, Henry Ford knew little of all this — but he soon showed his interest more in the industrial future than in the agricultural past. His father, William, hoped his eldest son would join him on the farm, and finally take it over. But Henry hated farm work and did everything he could to avoid it. It was not that he was lazy but that the repeated daily life of the farm upset him. If given a mechanical (机械的) job to do, he would be set to work eagerly. When he was twelve, he became almost uncontrollably interested in clocks and watches. Soon he was repairing clocks and watches for friends. In 1876, his wife died in childbirth. Henry suffered a blow and decided to get away from the farm as soon as he could. Three years later, he worked as a mechanic in Detroit. One day in 1877, when he first saw a steam-driven locomotive (蒸汽机车), Henry went to the locomotive driver and asked him plenty of questions about the engine’s performance. From then on, Henry became crazy about steam engines. Later, with the help of an old co-worker, Henry got an engineer position at the Edison Detroit Electricity Company. Although Henry quickly became chief engineer at the Detroit power factory, his interest in fuel engines took up his life. He spent most of his spare time trying to build an engine according to his own design. Henry went through the hard way to build an engine by hand from the beginning. It was two years before he succeeded in building a working car. It was unattractive-looking on bicycle wheels and driven by a rubber belt that connected the engine. Henry called it the “Quadricycle (四轮自行车)”. 24. What appealed to Henry Ford most when he was very young? A. Sports. B. Farm work. C. Machines. D. Art. 25. How did Ford’s wife lose her life? A. When she was giving birth. B. Because of a serious disease. C. Owing to a psychological problem. D. When she was experiencing a natural disaster. 26. When did Ford become mad about steam engines? A. Before he went to university to learn machinery. B. Before he got an engineer position at a company. C. After he made friends with the locomotive driver. D. After he asked some questions about a locomotive. 27. What part of the working car is mentioned (提到) in the last paragraph? A. Objects that people can sit on in a vehicle. B. An object in a vehicle that can make it go slower or stop. C. Round objects under a vehicle that can turn when it moves. D. An object a driver can turn to control the direction that a vehicle goes in. C As the world tries to give up fossil fuels, there is a lot of focus on renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy. But one very promising source of energy comes from deep inside the earth. And old oil wells could help greatly in developing and using this energy resource. “Geothermal (地热的) ” power is based on the heat that comes from deep inside the earth. “Geo” means Earth and “thermal” means “heat”. Earth’s core, deep in the center of the planet, is about as hot as the sun’s surface, and is expected to stay that way for billions of years. This heat slowly makes its way outward from the core. In some places, where the rocks have lots of holes in them, this heat comes out in different kinds of hot springs, with hot water and steam coming out naturally through the earth’s surface. In areas like this, humans have been using the earth’s heat for different purposes for hundreds of years. In general, though geothermal energy requires drilling (钻孔) deep into the earth. There are many different ways of collecting the heat and different ways of using it. But these geothermal wells can easily produce huge amounts of heat and electricity for hundreds of years — all without pollution. There is another positive side to geothermal energy — it can produce power day and night all year long. Solar power depends on the sun, and wind power depends on wind. That means that they are not constant. But energy from geothermal sources is always available (可获得的) . However, geothermal energy also faces a big challenge — drilling down deep enough to create a geothermal plant is hard, and it costs a lot of money. Some geothermal plants require drilling down more than 4 miles (6.5 kilometers) below the earth’s surface. Drilling down even deeper can lead to much more heat and far more powerful energy sources. The costs of all this drilling are a big part of what has limited geothermal projects. But now people are starting to think about a clever idea that could make geothermal energy far cheaper: using oil wells that are already there. 28. What can be learned about geothermal energy from the text? A. It is collected from the depths of the earth. B. It doesn’t belong to renewable energy. C. It has only been used for a century. D. It can be got from fossil fuels. 29. What might NOT be the advantage of geothermal energy? A. Various ways of using it. B. Available all the time. C. Environmentally friendly. D. Cheap and easy to collect. 30 What does the underlined word “That” in Para. 4 refer to? A. What effects geothermal energy has on our lives. B. How solar energy and wind energy are stored. C. What solar power and wind power rely on. D. How geothermal energy can be used. 31. Why are people turning to oil wells for geothermal energy? A. To reduce the costs. B. To limit geothermal projects. C. To take care of the environment. D. To try to save and make full use of energy. D Thomas Scovel, one of the first professors from the United States to teach at a Chinese university, returned to his old school recently to make a donation (捐赠) for one of his former students. Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US. He came back to China in 1979 to take up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University. The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978, took to the stage at the university’s 60th anniversary celebration on Sept 28 to present a check for 2.2 million yuan ($300,000) to the university for his former student Yang Bin. The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous. For the teaching awards, they have been named after Scovel and his wife Janene, who also taught at the university. Zhou Honglei, the university’s leader, recognized Scovel as “one of the first foreign professors to journey from the US to China”. Scovel wrote a message for the university’s 60th anniversary celebration, reflecting on the late 1970s when China began its journey of reform and opening-up. From 1979 on, Scovel only returned to the university in 2014 for its 50th anniversary. In one of his writings, he remembered encountering a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ” “Little did I know that not long after the new millennium (千年), China would far overtake Japan in terms of exports to the US,” he said. Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978. “Forty years ago, it was almost unimaginable that, in today’s China, numerous people would have their own houses, have a car and that phones would be more common than fountain pens,” he said. 32. What can we know about Thomas Scovel? A. He has completed a book about his family. B. He has mostly lived in China since 1979. C He once worked as a doctor. D. He is in his eighties now. 33. Why did Yang Bin donate the money to the university? A. To reward teachers and students. B. To purchase some teaching equipment. C. To offer poor students some education fees. D. To help with the construction of some buildings. 34. What does the underlined word “encountering” in the fifth paragraph mean? A. Depending on. B. Coming across. C. Breaking into. D. Turning in. 35. What is a suitable title for the news report? A. US professor describes great changes in China since 1978 B. Scovel writes a message for university’s 60th anniversary C. US professor makes speeches at Tianjin Foreign Studies University D. Scovel takes up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again? ____36____. The happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time on useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities for their families’ life. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his future life be given so much without having to do anything in return. ____37____ - things older people have lost interest in because they are too common. ____38____. He is not so free to do what he wishes to do. He is continually being told not to do things or being punished for something wrong he has done. When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room. ____39____. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. ____40____ if he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health. A. But a child has his parents. B. Each age has its pleasures and its pains. C. A teenager should learn to take care of others. D. He has to work if he wants to live comfortably. E. Besides, life is always presenting new things to the child. F. They can tell him what he should do when he has problems in life. G. He can have the great happiness of setting up his own position in society. 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family. Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His ____41____ led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That is ____42____ the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is ____43____ his major ____44____ discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than 300 years ago. A famous ____45____ about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the ____46____ of gravity (重力). Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is ____47____ attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to ____48____ the two fans, one above the other. The wind could ____49____ the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to _____50_____ a lighting system made out of wood. Al-Attar tried to design the device but _____51_____ twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, _____52_____ he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when _____53_____ can improve in Gaza. “People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said _____54_____. “Because I hope to _____55_____ my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.” 41. A. style B. invention C. fortune D. humour 42. A. different from B. separated from C. connected with D. ready for 43. A. famous for B. tired of C. free from D. careful about 44. A. political B. medical C. artistic D. scientific 45. A. notice B. plan C. promise D. story 46. A. nature B. stage C. contact D. option 47. A. suddenly B. seriously C. partly D. gradually 48. A. put away B. set up C. point to D. hand in 49. A. turn B. damage C. touch D. fly 50. A. repair B. control C. break D. memorize 51. A. applied B. calmed C. failed D. apologised 52. A. after B. though C. unless D. until 53. A. schedules B. conditions C. weather D. cuisine 54. A. cheerfully B. regretfully C. sadly D. pitifully 55. A. postpone B. exchange C. judge D. achieve 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I remember the day ____56____ I first learned to ride a bike. From my point of view, it was a very adventurous yet fun experience. My grandfather, who had green fingers, was the one that taught me to ride and gave me a hand when I got hurt. The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea what I was doing, and everything went wrong. My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals (脚蹬) and start cycling. I kept his advice in mind. He also told me he would hold on to the back of the bike the whole time ____57____ case I might fall off the bike. I made an assumption that he would do that, yet actually he didn’t. As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let the bike go. I happened to look back just then. When I was quite frightened, my mind went blank, and I just wanted to be off the bike. I forgot how to use the brakes (车闸). That caused me to fall off the bike. At ____58____ sight of that, my grandfather came up and kept encouraging me to get up and try again. I admitted ____59____ (feel) so nervous. As soon as I started riding again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose. I didn’t make a ____60____ (complain) and asked my grandfather, “____61____I go on learning to ride today?” My grandfather said, “No, you needn’t. So far you ____62____ (finish) your training. Let’s call it a day, shall we? You may as well rise early tomorrow morning.” The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better and I became rather ____63____(energy) again. I did my best to prevent myself from falling down to the ground anymore. My strong determination was to make an effort to learn to ride my bike skillfully. ____64____ (eventual), I managed ____65____ (ride) the bike better. 第三节 补全语篇（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 请在方框中选择合适的词汇，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。（答案处请写出单词或短语） 注意：（1）每个选项至多只能使用一次；（2）方框中有一个多余词汇。 A. seriously B. were amazed at C. regardless of D. improvement E. proud F. originally G. for a moment H. joke I. pulled away J. hung up K. powerless My teenage son Karl became withdrawn (沉默寡言的) after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he ____66____. When his report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent (缺席的) 95 times from classes and had six failing grades for the year. At this rate, he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked ____67____ my effort. One night I felt so ____68____ that I got down on my knees and asked for help. “Please God, I can’t do anything more for my son. I’m at the end of my rope. I’m giving the whole thing up to you.” I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. “I want to talk to you about Karl’s absences.” Before he could say another word, I choked up (哽咽) and all my disappointment with and sadness about Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. “I love my son but I just don’t know what to do. I’ve tried everything to get Karl to go back to school but nothing has worked. It’s out of my hands.” I listened and ____69____, there was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster ____70____ said, “Thank you for your time,” and ____71____. Karl’s next report card showed an obvious ____72____ in his grades. Finally, he even made the honor roll (上荣誉榜). In his fourth year at high school, I attended a parent-teacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that his teachers ____73____ the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said, “Mum, remember that call from the headmaster last year?” I nodded. “That was me. I thought I’d play a ____74____ but when I heard what you said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. That’s when I knew I had to make you _____75_____.” 第四部分 写作（满分20分） 76. 假定你是李华，你的英国网友Bill给你发来电子邮件，询问如何和他人相处。你打算给他一些建议，内容包括： 1.人际交往是不可或缺的能力； 2.提出与人友好交往的一些建议； 3.希望这些建议对Bill有益处。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Bill, How are you doing recently? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $