专题04 Unit 2 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 2025 Student Launch Challenge About Student Launch NASA Student Launch is a research-based, competitive, and experiential exploration challenge that provides relevant and cost-effective research and development to support the Space Launch System (SLS). The activity involves reaching a broad audience of middle and high schools, colleges, and universities across the nation in a nine-month commitment to design, build, test and launch vehicle and payload (载荷) components that support SLS. It is aimed at inspiring students to explore science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for the benefit of humanity. 2025 Student Launch NASA has selected 71 teams from across the US to participate in its 25th annual Student Launch Challenge. As part of the challenge, teams will design, build, and fly a high-powered amateur rocket and scientific payload. They also must meet documentation milestones and undergo detailed reviews throughout the school year. The nine-month-long challenge will be highlighted with on-site events starting on April 30,2025. Final launches are scheduled for May 3, 2025, at Bragg Farms in Toney, Alabama, just minutes north of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. It’s the perfect ending to the events. Teams are not required to travel for their final launch, having the option to launch from a qualified site. Student teams will undergo detailed reviews by NASA personnel to ensure the safety, operability and practicality of their rocket and payload designs. Awards The Altitude (高度) Award: Awarded to the team that comes closest to their declared target altitude on their competition launch. Vehicle Design Award: Awarded to the team with the most creative and innovative overall vehicle design for their intended payload while still maximizing safety and efficiency. Judges’ Choice Award: Selected during Launch Week by a panel of guest judges and awarded for the best combination of payload innovation, vehicle design and construction, and public engagement. 1．What is the main goal of the NASA Student Launch Challenge? A．To train professional astronauts. B．To promote students’ exploration of STEM. C．To test new rocket technologies. D．To select future employees for NASA． 2．How long does the on-site events last? A．Nine months B．Two months. C．Four days. D．One day. 3．What is the Vehicle Design Award based on? A．Social media popularity of the design. B．The maximum payload of the vehicle. C．Closeness to the scheduled launching height. D．The vehicle’s innovation and practical performance. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍2025年NASA组织的学生发射挑战赛。 1．细节理解题。根据About Student Launch下的“It is aimed at inspiring students to explore science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for the benefit of humanity.(它旨在激励学生探索科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM），造福人类)”可知，挑战赛的主要目标是促进学生们对STEM 的探索。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据2025 Student Launch下的“The nine-month-long challenge will be highlighted with on-site events starting on April 30,2025. Final launches are scheduled for May 3, 2025, at Bragg Farms in Toney, Alabama, just minutes north of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.(这项为期9个月的挑战将于2025年4月30日开始的现场活动中凸显出来。最后一次发射定于2025年5月3日，地点在阿拉巴马州托尼的布拉格农场，距离美国宇航局马歇尔太空飞行中心以北仅几分钟路程)”可知，这项为期9个月的挑战将于2025年4月30日开始现场活动，决赛将于2025年5月3日在阿拉巴马州的布雷格农场举行。由此可知，现场活动持续四天。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Awards下的“Vehicle Design Award: Awarded to the team with the most creative and innovative overall vehicle design for their intended payload while still maximizing safety and efficiency.(车辆设计奖：颁发给最具创意和创新的整体车辆设计团队，以满足其预期的有效载荷，同时最大限度地提高安全性和效率)”可知，运载工具设计奖是基于运载工具的创新性和实际性能。故选D项。 Passage 2 SpaceX Starship test launch in October 2024 marked another milestone for the world’s largest and most powerful rocket. But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared. According to datasets published, the 30-story-tall Starship’s 33 engines generate anywhere between 105 and 125 decibels (分贝) during its liftoff and landing, which is powerful enough to cause structural damage to buildings. Gee, a professor in Brigham Young University, detected those sound levels roughly six miles away. “This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.” Gee said. Gee stresses that although researchers often measure noise using decibel levels, there are other measurements for sound. So he believes it’s best to assess Starship’s loudness by comparing it to other understandable quantities. On the quieter end, Starship’s liftoff may sound similar to an average rock concert. At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot. According to environmental engineer Roesch, the “raw power output” from Starship’s Super Heavy rockets has increased 30 percent since the FAA’s initial risk review in 2019, an amount expected to grow over future launches. Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA “not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics” but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document. “No bird egg will survive that kind of impact. More deaths for animals are not accounted for in the FAA’s risk assessment.” Gee declines to offer a personal opinion regarding SpaceX’s ongoing Starship launch schedule, and believes humanity’s future may require space travel. In the meantime, he hopes the new data will inform policy and regulatory decisions. “We are talking about levels that people found unacceptable before,” he says. 4．How did Gee conclude SpaceX’s rocket would be the loudest ever built? A．He measured the decibel levels directly. B．He calculated the rocket’s engine power. C．He inferred from the rocket’s dimensions. D．He checked all the datasets published. 5．Why does Gee mention gunshot? A．To indicate possible damage. B．To make readers amused. C．To measure sounds accurately. D．To describe noise levels vividly. 6．What did Roesch think of FAA’s assumptions? A．Factual but contradictory. B．Illogical and inaccurate. C．Optimistic but simple. D．Irrelevant and outdated. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．Animal injuries during SpaceX’s launches. B．Fair prospects for SpaceX’ s Starship project. C．Technical drawbacks of SpaceX’s rocket engines. D．Environmental impact of SpaceX’s Starship launch. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕2024年10月SpaceX 星际飞船测试发射展开，指出其对当地社区和野生动物破坏超预期，阐述噪音影响及相关人士观点。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.(这是有史以来建造的最大的火箭。有理由认为，它也会产生有史以来所有建造的火箭中最高水平的噪音。)”可知，Gee是从火箭的尺寸（the largest rocket）推断出SpaceX 的火箭会是有史以来噪音最大的。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot.(在最响的时候，那种噪音等同于听到近距离的枪声。)”可知，Gee提到枪声是为了生动形象地描述噪音水平。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA ‘not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics’ but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document.(Roesch 称联邦航空局过去的假设‘基于对基础物理的理解，不仅在事实上可笑’，而且与美国国家航空航天局数十年的声学建模文件相矛盾。)”可知，Roesch认为联邦航空局的假设不合逻辑且不准确。故选B项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提到“But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared.(但是收集到的更多数据表明，星际飞船对当地社区和野生动物的破坏可能比批评者之前担心的还要严重。)”，接着后文从噪音对建筑的影响、对动物的影响等方面阐述了SpaceX 星际飞船发射对环境的影响。所以文章主要讲的是SpaceX 星际飞船发射对环境的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Scientists can now conduct space research on Earth as China’s “ground space station” has been put into trial operation, reported Xin hua. The facility is called Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure (SESRI). SESRI simulates (模拟) conditions in space and is designed for studying basic space science. This will help scientists do experiments that they normally do in space. SESRI is jointly developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. “Space is very different from the environment on Earth and can have different effects on spacecraft. What we do here is to explore how the effects take place and why,” Li Liyi, executive deputy director of SESRI, told Guangming Daily. At the facility, there is a device that simulates the space environment from 100 kilometers away from Earth to the sun. In this area, more than 99 percent of visible matter is in a plasma (等离子体) state in which gas is in a highly charged and energetic state of matter. By re-creating the environment, the device can test how plasma affects spacecraft. Also, one of the biggest problems manned space travel faces is when spacecraft enter Earth’s atmosphere, they are surrounded by plasma, leading to communication blackouts (黑障). The test center can also help solve this issue as researchers now have more opportunities to do tests. The researchers faced many challenges when building the simulation system, as connecting various parts of the device can be very complicated. “We held more than 700 meetings over a connection problem alone.” Jin Chenggang at the facility told Heilongjiang News. SESRI also has simulation systems for the moon and Mars, which can re-create the vacuum, extreme temperatures, and space radiation that astronauts would encounter on these space bodies. The systems will help astronauts prepare for their missions to these places in the future, reported Guangming Daily. In the future, the platform will also play an important role in areas including brain science, life and health research, and the development of high-end instruments. 8．What is the main benefit of simulating space environment? A．Supporting space research on Earth. B．Reducing the cost of space missions. C．Studying the effects of space on humans. D．Improving our understanding of black holes. 9．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The challenge of space exploration. B．The risk of experiments at the SESRI. C．The benefit of space exploration. D．The function of the device at the SESRI. 10．Why does the author quote Jin Chenggang’s words? A．To share a personal story about the building process. B．To show the difficulties of building the simulation system. C．To highlight the importance of preparations for the research. D．To emphasize the challenges of working with other research teams. 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Space simulation may be costly. B．Space simulation raises social concerns. C．International cooperation is crucial for space simulation. D．Space simulation has great potential for future exploration. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国“地面空间站”SESRI的模拟太空环境功能及其意义。 8．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Scientists can now conduct space research on Earth as China’s “ground space station” has been put into trial operation, reported Xin hua. (据新华社报道，随着中国 “地面空间站” 投入试运行，科学家如今可以在地球上开展太空研究。)”可知，模拟太空环境的主要好处是支持地球上的太空研究。故选A。 9．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“At the facility, there is a device that simulates the space environment from 100 kilometers away from Earth to the sun. In this area, more than 99 percent of visible matter is in a plasma (等离子体) state in which gas is in a highly charged and energetic state of matter. By re-creating the environment, the device can test how plasma affects spacecraft. (在这个装置中，有一个可以模拟从距离地球100公里处直至太阳之间的空间环境的设备。在这一区域内，超过99% 的可见物质处于等离子体态，在这种状态下，气体处于高度带电且充满能量的物质状态。通过重现这一环境，该设备能够测试等离子体对航天器的影响。)”可知，本段主要介绍了SESRI设备的功能。故选D。 10．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“The researchers faced many challenges when building the simulation system, as connecting various parts of the device can be very complicated. “We held more than 700 meetings over a connection problem alone.” Jin Chenggang at the facility told Heilongjiang News. (在建造这个模拟系统时，研究人员面临着诸多挑战，因为连接设备的各个部分可能非常复杂。该装置的金成刚在接受《黑龙江新闻》采访时表示：“仅仅是一个连接问题，我们就召开了700多次会议。”)”可知，作者引用金成刚的话是为了展示建造模拟系统的困难。故选B。 11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“SESRI also has simulation systems for the moon and Mars, which can re-create the vacuum, extreme temperatures, and space radiation that astronauts would encounter on these space bodies. The systems will help astronauts prepare for their missions to these places in the future, reported Guangming Daily. In the future, the platform will also play an important role in areas including brain science, life and health research, and the development of high-end instruments. (空间环境地面模拟装置还设有月球和火星的模拟系统，这些系统可以重现宇航员在这些天体上会遇到的真空环境、极端温度以及太空辐射。据《光明日报》报道，这些系统将帮助宇航员为未来前往这些地方执行任务做好准备。未来，这个平台还将在脑科学、生命与健康研究以及高端仪器研发等领域发挥重要作用。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了太空模拟对未来探索有很大的潜力。故选D。 Passage 4 In Morten Tyldum’s movie Passengers, characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people. Their destination: HomesteadⅡ, a new world to start their lives anew. To survive the travel, passengers entered hibernation (冬眠), each one frozen in their own pod. However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora? Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions. Once inside these pods, astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism, reduce core temperature, and cause inactivity. Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism. For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained. But this is merely the theory. Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing (导致) metabolism is a more practical option, while, most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that? And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours. The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission, but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets, it could be a very useful technology. Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages. 12．Why does the author mention the movie Passengers? A．To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie. B．To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights. C．To explore the possibility of settling another planet. D．To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels. 13．What happens to hibernating astronauts? A．Their functional metabolism is disturbed. B．They need more time and space for entertainment. C．They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies. D．Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum. 14．What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Initiate. B．Justify. C．Define. D．Prioritize. 15．What does the author think of hibernation for humans? A．It may be a risky strategy. B．It is a dream hard to realize. C．It can advance social progress. D．It challenges traditional moral values. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空旅行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora?( 然而，事情出了问题，吉姆和奥罗拉提前90年醒来。但如果我们告诉你，太空旅行的冬眠比吉姆和奥罗拉之间的浪漫故事更有可能发生呢？)”可推知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了引出下文关于太空旅行中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法（To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights）。故选B项。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained.( 为了去火星，宇航员每天需要大约30公斤的食物、水、空气和其他补给。因此，冬眠可以大大减少它们的基本需求。此外，冬眠的宇航员不会感到无聊、压力或孤独，而且需要更少的时间和空间来帮助他们保持健康或娱乐。)”可知，冬眠的宇航员基本需求会显著减少，也不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，用于保持健康和娱乐的时间和空间也更少，说明他们的身体和心理需求都被降到了最低（Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum）。故选D项。 14．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours.( 这就是为什么对老鼠的研究很有趣，而不是自然冬眠的动物。对熊的研究也很重要，因为它们的体型与我们的体型更接近。)”可知，此处为我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入冬眠状态？故可猜测划线单词evoke为“唤起，引起”的意思，和A选项Initiate“发起，启动”意思相近。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.( 人类冬眠在伦理上是一个有争议的概念，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想。然而，如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还停留在中世纪。)”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争议，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明作者认为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步（It can advance social progress）。故选C项。 Passage 5 Space is mostly a vast vacuum, yet the part around Earth is a human-influenced environment crucial for society. In recent years, we have explored Earth’s increased vulnerability to spacial events and how the world needs to respond. Space dangers have always threatened this planet. A giant asteroid (小行星) impact probably killed off the dinosaurs, and a similar strike could someday destroy the human race. Scientists have started launching space-based telescopes to track dangerous asteroids and testing methods to steer asteroids away from Earth. Space weather is another headache. Big solar storms happen about every 100 years, and we’re probably overdue for one. Scientists can predict space weather, giving people hours’ or even a few days’ warning to prepare facilities. But governments have to know how to act quickly when they get such warnings. Debris hat we’ve put into orbit surrounds the planet, and the number of things up there is rising rapidly. Even tiny pieces of debris, speeding as fast as bullets, can damage satellites that provide critical services on Earth’s surface-and, in the process, possibly create yet more debris that threatens other objects in orbit. Humans are also making the sky brighter from below, through the use of increasingly intense and widespread lighting, and from above, via satellites and, yes, all that space debris reflecting sunlight down to earth. Light pollution interrupts people’s circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) and harms their sleep and their mental and physical health. Countries that are employing space also need to pollute less. They should work together and develop unified standards for how and when people can launch satellites, rockets and more into orbit. One understandable reaction to all these concerns: Humanity has a hard enough time taking care of the land environment; you’re telling me there’s another one? Unfortunately, yes. Even as humans struggle to preserve the ground we walk on or the air we breathe, governments all over the world need to take care of the zone far above our heads, too. Acting, however, is often the hardest part. 16．What can be inferred from the text about the response to space-based threats? A．Scientists haven’t mentally prepared for asteroid threats. B．Authorities can react quickly to space weather warnings. C．Light pollution is not serious enough to require attention. D．International action is lacking in solving space problems. 17．Which of the following is an impact of light pollution? A．It causes damage to satellites in orbit. B．It disrupts astronomical observations. C．It harms people’s well-being. D．It increases space debris. 18．What will the author probably continue to write after the last paragraph? A．Measures to limit all human activities in space. B．Suggested examples of government actions in space. C．The negative impact of protecting the space on the Earth. D．The difference of the space environment from the land one. 19．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Space: The Final Clean Frontier B．Space Dangers and Earth Defense C．Satellites: The Key to Space Safety D．The Odd World of Space Exploration 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．B 19．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空中的各种危险，包括小行星撞击和太空天气等，以及这些危险对地球的影响，同时指出人类活动造成的太空垃圾和光污染等问题，并强调了国际合作和采取行动的重要性。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even as humans struggle to preserve the ground we walk on or the air we breathe, governments all over the world need to take care of the zone far above our heads, too. Acting, however, is often the hardest part.(即使人类在努力保护我们行走的土地和我们呼吸的空气，全世界的政府也需要照顾到我们头顶上方的区域。然而，采取行动往往是最难的部分。)”可知，尽管意识到太空问题的严重性，但采取行动很难，由此可推断出国际行动在解决太空问题上仍然不足。故选D项。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Light pollution interrupts people’s circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) and harms their sleep and their mental and physical health.(光污染打乱了人们的昼夜节律，对他们的睡眠以及身心健康有害。)”可知，光污染会影响人们的身心健康，即损害了人们的健康。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句“Acting, however, is often the hardest part.(然而，采取行动往往是最难的部分。)”可知，作者强调了采取行动的重要性，且前文提到了政府需要合作并制定统一标准，因此可以推断作者接下来可能会继续写政府在太空可以采取的具体行动示例。故选B项。 19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Space dangers have always threatened this planet.(太空危险一直威胁着这个星球。)”和“Scientists have started launching space-based telescopes to track dangerous asteroids and testing methods to steer asteroids away from Earth. Space weather is another headache.(科学家们已经开始发射太空望远镜来追踪危险的小行星，并测试使小行星偏离地球的方法。太空天气是另一个令人头疼的问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空中的各种危险以及地球防御措施，因此B选项“太空危险和地球防御”最符合文章主旨。故选B项。 Passage 6 Astronauts embarking on long journeys in deep space can’t pack all the calories they will need in the form of freeze-dried food. They also can’t grow everything they’ll need, as onboard garden technology isn’t mature enough to turn out fresh produce. Given those nutritional restrictions, a group of engineers thinks future space travelers should change their diets. In a study published in The International Journal of Astrobiology, scientists suggest that astronauts could look to asteroids (小行星) for all-you-can-eat meals. They wouldn’t be chewing the rocks themselves. Instead, a chemical and physical process would break down an asteroid’s material, and the resulting organic components would then be fed to bacteria. After the bacteria were full, the astronauts could consume the collection of microbes (微生物) — more appetizingly referred to as “biomass” (生物质). This idea has origins in a more earthly project, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense. One of the agency’s programs, ReSource, tasks researchers with taking plastic waste produced by troops and turning it into something useful. Joshua Pearce, an engineering professor who is collaborating on the project, thought they could turn those plastic food containers into more food. Dr. Pearce was discussing this plastic work with his “space friends”, who pointed out that asteroids aren’t so different from plastic, at least from the microbes’ perspective: they both contain a lot of carbon. The problem is whether microbes will, in fact, eat asteroids. That’s something Annemiek Waajen of VU Amsterdam has investigated, feeding bacteria meteorite (陨石) material pieces of space rock that have fallen to Earth. They consumed its carbon and grew, according to her research. Dr. Waajen thinks asteroid food makes sense biochemically, but that it will remain a curious idea for a while. “It is something that’s still a long way away,” she said. The space part gives Stephen Techtmann, a Michigan Technological University microbiologist, pause. “How do those assumptions actually translate when you get it into that environment?” he said. One problem is that asteroids are not chemical clones of each other. “Changing from asteroid to asteroid might be challenging,” he also said. Dr. Pearce is willing to try to sort that out, hoping to gather data demonstrating that the biomass meals are likely to be produced and safe to consume. “I already promised I would be the first one to take a bite,” he said. Despite the challenges of providing astronauts with a balanced and delicious diet, we believe that the end of scientific exploration is finally a solution. 20．What trouble do astronauts in deep space have according to the passage? A．They possibly starve for lack of food. B．They are addicted to freeze-dried food. C．They are dependent on fresh produce. D．They likely face nutritional imbalance. 21．What is the assumed alternative diet for astronauts? A．Asteroids. B．Biomass. C．Bacteria. D．Meteorites. 22．Which of the following does Stephen Techtmann agree with? A．It remains to be explored whether the project can be realized. B．It is completely impracticable for microbes to eat asteroids. C．There is doubt arising about the safety of the microbe meal. D．There is no need to continue with this asteroid project. 23．What’s the author’s attitude to the idea of looking to asteroids for meals? A．Intolerant B．Doubtful C．Favorable D．Dismissive 【答案】20．D 21．B 22．A 23．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在深空执行任务时解决食物问题的新方法，即利用小行星制作生物质食品。 20．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Given those nutritional restrictions, a group of engineers thinks future space travelers should change their diets.(考虑到这些营养限制，一组工程师认为未来的太空旅行者应该改变他们的饮食)”可知，宇航员在深空可能会面临营养不均衡的问题。故选D。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段“ Instead, a chemical and physical process would break down an asteroid’s material, and the resulting organic components would then be fed to bacteria. After the bacteria were full, the astronauts could consume the collection of microbes (微生物) —more appetizingly referred to as “biomass” (生物质). (相反，一种化学和物理过程会分解小行星的物质，生成的有机成分将被喂给细菌。细菌充满后，宇航员可以食用这些微生物，更诱人地称为“生物质”)”可知，宇航员的替代饮食是生物质。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“The space part gives Stephen Techtmann, a Michigan Technological University microbiologist, pause. “How do those assumptions actually translate when you get it into that environment?” he said. One problem is that asteroids are not chemical clones of each other. “Changing from asteroid to asteroid might be challenging,” he also said.(负责太空部分的密歇根理工大学的微生物学家斯蒂芬·特特曼犹豫了一下。“当你把它放到那种环境中时，这些假设实际上是如何转化的？”他说。一个问题是，小行星之间并不是化学上的克隆。他还说：“从一颗小行星换到另一颗小行星可能很有挑战性。”)”由此可推知，Stephen Techtmann认为这一计划能否实现还需要进一步探讨。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the challenges of providing astronauts with a balanced and delicious diet, we believe that the end of scientific exploration is finally a solution.(尽管为宇航员提供均衡和美味饮食存在挑战，但我们相信科学探索最终会找到解决办法)”可以推测出，作者对探索小行星食品这一前景持支持态度。故选C。 Passage 7 The Perseverance rover (探测器) has discovered signs of water on the Martian surface, appearing as dark lines that change with the seasons. Scientists tend to think that these lines are caused by short-lived flows of salty water during Mars’ warmer months when temperatures rise above the freezing point. Water, necessary for life, is found wherever life exists on our planet. That there may be water on Mars, even in small amounts, raises the possibility that the planet may have supported life forms in the past or could possibly host some form of life today. This latest discovery is a major step in our journey to understand Mars and its potential (可能性) to host life. The Perseverance rover is equipped with a set of scientific tools that are helping scientists in examining the Martian environment. Its top task is to search for signs of ancient life forms and to collect samples (样本) of rock and soil, which could be returned to Earth in future tasks for further study. By looking closely at the dirt and rock samples, scientists are hoping to find the basic pieces that make up life, which could give us clues about whether Mars was ever a good place for life to develop. The search for water on Mars is not just about finding water; it’s about finding our place in the universe. Each discovery made by the Perseverance rover announces our innovation (创新) and our endless searching. As we stand on the edge of these discoveries, the universe seems a little less vast and more familiar. The search for water on Mars is, in fact, a search for signs of life and a reflection of our own existence among the stars. As the Perseverance rover continues its exploration, we can look forward to more findings that will bring us closer to answering the age-old question: Are we alone in the universe? 24．What possibly causes the dark lines on the Martian surface? A．The freezing point. B．Rising temperature. C．Flows of salty water. D．Movement of planets. 25．What is one aim of the Perseverance rover? A．To map the surface of Mars. B．To find clues to life forms on Mars. C．To examine samples from Mars. D．To adapt to the environment on Mars. 26．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mars offers a better home to mankind. B．The survival of mankind is under threat. C．Our exploration and innovation never end. D．The discovery allows humans to land on Mars. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．Research on Mars Unfinished B．Task on Mars Completed C．Martian Life Forms Discovered D．Water Signs Found on Mars 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．C 27．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了毅力号探测器在火星发现水迹及探索火星生命迹象的过程。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists tend to think that these lines are caused by short-lived flows of salty water during Mars’ warmer months when temperatures rise above the freezing point.(科学家们倾向于认为，这些线条是由火星温暖月份温度升至冰点以上时短暂的咸水流动造成的)”可知，造成火星表面黑色线条的可能原因是咸水流动。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Its top task is to search for signs of ancient life forms and to collect samples (样本) of rock and soil, which could be returned to Earth in future tasks for further study. By looking closely at the dirt and rock samples, scientists are hoping to find the basic pieces that make up life, which could give us clues about whether Mars was ever a good place for life to develop.(它的首要任务是寻找古代生命形式的迹象，并收集岩石和土壤样本，这些样本可以在未来的任务中带回地球进行进一步研究。通过仔细观察泥土和岩石样本，科学家们希望找到构成生命的基本要素，这可以为我们提供关于火星是否曾经是生命发展的好地方的线索)” 可知，毅力号探测器的目标之一是找到火星上生命形式的线索。故选B。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Each discovery made by the Perseverance rover announces our innovation (创新) and our endless searching.(毅力号探测器的每一项发现都宣告着我们的创新和无尽的探索)” 以及“As the Perseverance rover continues its exploration, we can look forward to more findings that will bring us closer to answering the age-old question: Are we alone in the universe?(随着毅力号探测器继续探索，我们可以期待更多的发现，这将使我们更接近回答一个古老的问题：我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？)”可知，从最后两段可以推断出我们的探索和创新永无止境。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The Perseverance rover (探测器) has discovered signs of water on the Martian surface, appearing as dark lines that change with the seasons.(毅力号探测器在火星表面发现了水的迹象，表现为随季节变化的黑线)”可知，本文主要讲述了毅力号探测器在火星发现水迹及探索火星生命迹象的过程，所以D选项“在火星发现水迹”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 8 Using Einstein’s theory of general relativity, American physicists found that clocks on the moon would run 56 microseconds faster than clocks on Earth. That finding will help future lunar missions navigate more safely. In April 2024, the White House issued a challenge to scientists to establish a lunar time standard, looking ahead to increased international presence on the Moon and potential human bases as part of NASA’s Artemis Initiative. The real question being puzzled over isn’t “What time is it?” but, rather, “How quickly does time pass?” What time a clock reads can be set by any timekeeper, but physics determines how quickly time passes. In the early years of the 20th century, Albert Einstein determined that two observers won’t agree on how long an hour is if they aren’t moving at the same speed in the same direction. That disagreement also holds between a person on Earth’s surface and another in orbit or on the Moon. “If we are on the Moon, clocks are going to tick differently than on Earth,” said theoretical physicist Bijunath Patla of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colo. He noted that the Moon’s motion relative to ours makes clocks run slower than Earth standard, but its lower gravity leads to clocks running faster. “So these are two competing effects, and the net result of this is a 56-microseconds-per-day drift.” (That’s 0.000056 second.) Patla and his NIST physicist colleague Neil Ashby used Einstein’s theory of general relativity to calculate this number, an improvement over previous analyses. They published their results in the Astronomical Journal. Though a 56-microsecond difference is small by human standards, it’s significant when it comes to guiding multiple missions with pinpoint accuracy or communicating between the Earth and the Moon. “The fundamental thing is safety of navigation in the context of a lunar ecosystem when you have more missions on the Moon than you have now,” said Cheryl Gramling, a systems engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “When it comes to navigation, a drift of 56 microseconds over a day between a clock on the Moon and a clock on Earth is a big difference, so you have to accommodate that.” 28．What is the primary focus of the challenge issued by the White House in April 2024? A．To set a lunar time standard for future missions. B．To determine the exact time it takes to travel to the Moon. C．To investigate the effects of microgravity on human biology. D．To create a universal timekeeping system for all space missions. 29．According to Bijunath Patla, what are the two competing effects that cause clocks to tick differently on the Moon? A．The Moon’s phases and the Earth’s rotation speed. B．The Moon’s motion relative to the Earth and its lower gravity. C．The Moon’s distance from the Earth and its lack of atmosphere. D．The temperature variations on the Moon and the Earth’s magnetic field. 30．What is the significance of the 56-microsecond difference calculated by Patla and Neil Ashby? A．It improves the accuracy of space missions. B．It shows the limits of Einstein’s theory today. C．It has no practical application in current astronomy research. D．It reveals an error in earlier studies of time difference in space. 31．What is the basic aspect of navigation in a lunar ecosystem, according to Cheryl Gramling? A．The safety of the mission. B．The design of lunar habitats. C．The speed of spacecraft traveling to the Moon. D．The communication systems between the Earth and the Moon. 【答案】28．A 29．B 30．A 31．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国物理学家发现，月球上的时钟将比地球上的时钟快56微秒。这一发现将有助于将来的月球任务更安全地导航。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In April 2024, the White House issued a challenge to scientists to establish a lunar time standard, looking ahead to increased international presence on the Moon and potential human bases as part of NASA’s Artemis Initiative.(2024年4月，白宫向科学家们发出挑战，要求建立一个统一的月球时间标准，以应对未来国际社会月球上日益增加的存在，以及作为NASA“阿尔忒弥斯”计划一部分的潜在人类基地。)”可知，白宫于2024年4月发布挑战的主要重点是为未来的任务设定统一的月球时间标准。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He noted that the Moon’s motion relative to ours makes clocks run slower than Earth standard, but its lower gravity leads to clocks running faster. “So these are two competing effects, and the net result of this is a 56-microseconds-per-day drift.”(他指出，月球相对于我们的运动使时钟运行得比地球标准慢，但其重力较低导致时钟的运行速度更快。 “因此，这是两个竞争的效果，其最终结果是每天56微秒的差异。”)”可知，根据Bijunath Patla的说法，导致月球上的钟表走得不同的两个竞争效应是：月球相对于地球的运动及其较低的重力。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Though a 56-microsecond difference is small by human standards, it’s significant when it comes to guiding multiple missions with pinpoint accuracy or communicating between the Earth and the Moon.(虽然56微秒的差异在人类标准下很小，但在引导多个任务以精确的速度，或在地球和月球之间进行通信时，这种差异显得非常重要了。)”可知，Patla和Neil Ashby计算出的56微秒差异的意义是，它提高了太空任务的准确性。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““The fundamental thing is safety of navigation in the context of a lunar ecosystem when you have more missions on the Moon than you have now,” said Cheryl Gramling, a systems engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. (NASA的Goddard Space Flight Center的系统工程师Cheryl Gramling说：‘基本的事情是，当你在月球上的任务比现在多的时候，在月球生态系统下进行导航的安全性。’)”可知，Cheryl Gramling认为，月球生态系统中导航的基本方面是任务的安全性，故选A。 Passage 9 Texting on the Moon or live streaming on Mars may be closer than you think. That’s because NASA and the cellphone producer Nokia are working together to set up a 4G cellular (蜂窝状的) network on the Moon. The partnership is helping to provide what could be the first steps for people’s long-term presence on other planets. While this seems like something out of science fiction, the reality is that a SpaceX rocket launched later in 2024 and it carried a 4Gnetwork to the surface of the Moon. The lander, made by the US company Intuitive Machines, will put in this system on the Moon’s south pole and it will be remotely operated from the Earth. The 4G network which is being built by Nokia’s Bell Labs and is essentially a network in a box, has to be strong enough to operate in the severe conditions of the lunar (月球的) environment. “The first challenge to getting a network up and running is having space-qualified cellular equipment that meets the appropriate size, weight, and power requirements, as well as being deployed (部署) without a technician,” Walt Engelund, deputy associate administrator for programs at NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, told CNN. It is critical to be able to communicate via cellular connectivity for NASA’s Artemis program which hopes to return astronauts to the Moon this decade. Astronauts currently communicate with each other by radios but a more sophisticated system is needed. “Being able to communicate on the Moon is critical to Artemis — as critical as any other mission element like power, water to drink, and air to breathe,” said Engelund. “Eventually, this effort will help establish a lunar communications network that could give our explorers the ability to send scientific data back, communicate with mission control, and talk to their families, as if they were walking down the street on their cellphones.” 32．What are NASA and Nokia doing together? A．Live streaming on Mars. B．Sending a rocket to Mars. C．Building a Moon 4G network. D．Making special phones for space. 33．What makes the project challenging? A．The distance from the earth. B．The Moon’s severe conditions. C．The need for better technology. D．The lack of technicians on the Moon. 34．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Advanced. B．Communicative. C．Educational. D．Scientific. 35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The network is only for sending data back. B．Communication is as important as life support. C．The network helps with family calls on the street. D．Drinking and breathing are hard for the explorers. 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。NASA与诺基亚合作在月球建4G网络，此项目面临挑战，对阿尔忒弥斯计划意义重大，助力人类长期驻月。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“That’s because NASA and the cellphone producer Nokia are working together to set up a 4G cellular network on the Moon.(那是因为美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和手机制造商诺基亚正在合作在月球上建立一个 4G 蜂窝网络。)” 可知，NASA和诺基亚正在合作建立月球4G网络。故选C项。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘The first challenge to getting a network up and running is having space-qualified cellular equipment that meets the appropriate size, weight, and power requirements, as well as being deployed (部署) without a technician,’ Walt Engelund, deputy associate administrator for programs at NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, told CNN.(美国国家航空航天局空间技术任务理事会项目副副署长沃尔特・恩格伦德告诉美国有线电视新闻网：“让网络启动并运行的首要挑战是拥有符合空间标准的蜂窝设备，这些设备要满足合适的尺寸、重量和功率要求，并且要在没有技术人员的情况下完成部署。”)”可知，这里明确提到了没有技术人员进行部署这一难题，所以该项目具有挑战性的原因是月球上缺乏技术人员。故选D项。 34．词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Astronauts currently communicate with each other by radios but a more sophisticated system is needed.(宇航员目前通过无线电相互通信，但需要一个更sophisticated系统。)”可知，此处将现在宇航员使用的无线电通信系统与将来所需的系统作对比，现在的系统相对简单，所以将来需要更先进的系统，sophisticated意思是“先进的”，与 Advanced同义。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“‘Being able to communicate on the Moon is critical to Artemis — as critical as any other mission element like power, water to drink, and air to breathe,’ said Engelund.(恩格伦德说：“能够在月球上进行通信对阿尔忒弥斯计划至关重要 —— 与电力、饮用水和呼吸空气等任何其他任务要素一样重要。”)”可知，通信和生命支持一样重要。故选B项。 Passage 10 （2025高二上·河北廊坊·期末）Space is a very unfriendly place for humans to live in. Whether you’re in the sunlight or not, it’s either extremely cold or super hot. There are also many hidden dangers. Even though astronauts have oxygen and a stable temperature provided by their spacecraft, they seem to get sick more easily the longer they stay away from Earth. A report published on October 22nd; 2024, by the Guy Foundation, a British non-profit organization that studies the connections between physics and biology, has found new possible health risks for astronauts. This report, which is based on several recent research studies, says that long space trips or living on other planets might be even harder for humans than we thought before. The main worry is the harm that space travel seems to do to mitochondria (线粒体). Mitochondria are in nearly every cell and are in charge of making the energy that makes the cell work. The report suggests that this could be the reason for many of the health problems seen in astronauts, like problems with the immune system and heart and blood vessel diseases. The report also says that astronauts go through something like “faster ageing”, which is connected to the stop of the cell’s energy production. The report also gives several possible reasons for the mitochondria not working properly. Some are well-known in today’s science. For example, radiation can directly harm cells. Others are more like guesses. Free-fall is one possible reason. The report shows some new evidence that the pull of the Earth’s gravity might be very important for different processes that happen in cells. The lights in spacecraft are also under observation. Right now, they don’t have the full spectrum (光谱) of sunlight. Since we know that sunlight controls our body’s sleep and wake cycle and might affect other body functions, this could be a problem. Some problems might be fixed by using technology. We could build lunar bases underground to keep away from radiation, and we could change the lighting to be more like sunlight. A more ambitious idea would be to change humans instead of just where they live. Sir Martin Rees, who is an astronomer and used to be the president of the Royal Society, has always said that humans are not suitable for space travel. He thinks that making a new species through genetic engineering might be a, better way to go to other planets. 36．What is the major concern raised in the report by the Guy Foundation? A．Radiation harm to astronauts. B．Extreme temperatures in space. C．Potential health risks of space travel. D．Space travel’s damage to mitochondria. 37．Which of the following can NOT cause mitochondria to function improperly? A．The pull of Earth’s gravity. B．The radiation damage to cells. C．The free-fall during spaceflight. D．The lack of the full spectrum of sunlight. 38．Which of the statements does Sir Martin Rees agree with? A．Changing humans’ genes might be good for space exploration. B．Changing humans’ habitat can be the best way of space exploration. C．Building lunar bases underground can protect humans from radiation. D．Genetic engineering may help humans get used to Earth’s environment. 39．What might be the title for the text? A．Challenges of Human Space Exploration. B．Mysteries of Mitochondria in Space Exploration. C．Health Risks and Potential Solutions of Space Travel. D．Hidden Dangers of Spaceflight on Astronaut Health. 【答案】36．D 37．A 38．A 39．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空旅行可能对宇航员健康产生潜在影响，重点讨论了线粒体受损可能引起的各种健康问题以及可能的解决方案。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段“This report, which is based on several recent research studies, says that long space trips or living on other planets might be even harder for humans than we thought before. The main worry is the harm that space travel seems to do to mitochondria (线粒体). (这份基于最近几项研究的报告称，对人类来说，长途太空旅行或生活在其他星球上可能比我们以前想象的要困难得多。人们主要担心的是太空旅行对线粒体的危害。)”可知，报告主要关注的是太空旅行对线粒体的损害。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“The report also gives several possible reasons for the mitochondria not working properly. Some are well-known in today’s science. For example, radiation can directly harm cells. Others are more like guesses. Free-fall is one possible reason. The report shows some new evidence that the pull of the Earth’s gravity might be very important for different processes that happen in cells. The lights in spacecraft are also under observation. Right now, they don’t have the full spectrum (光谱) of sunlight. (该报告还给出了线粒体不能正常工作的几个可能原因。其中一些在当今科学界是众所周知的。例如，辐射可以直接伤害细胞。其他的更像是猜测。自由落体是一个可能的原因。该报告显示了一些新的证据，表明地球引力对细胞中发生的不同过程可能非常重要。宇宙飞船上的灯光也在观察之中。现在，它们还没有全光谱的阳光。)”可知，A选项中的“the pull of Earth’s gravity”（地球重力的牵引）并未提到会导致线粒体功能异常。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He thinks that making a new species through genetic engineering might be a better way to go to other planets. (他认为通过基因工程制造一个新物种可能是前往其他星球的更好方式。)”可知，Martin Rees认为改变人类基因对太空探索有好处。故选A。 39．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A report published on October 22nd; 2024, by the Guy Foundation, a British non-profit organization that studies the connections between physics and biology, has found new possible health risks for astronauts. (10月22日发表的一份报告；2024年，由研究物理学和生物学之间联系的英国非营利组织盖伊基金会发现了宇航员可能面临的新的健康风险。)”以及最后一段“Some problems might be fixed by using technology. We could build lunar bases underground to keep away from radiation, and we could change the lighting to be more like sunlight. A more ambitious idea would be to change humans instead of just where they live. Sir Martin Rees, who is an astronomer and used to be the president of the Royal Society, has always said that humans are not suitable for space travel. He thinks that making a new species through genetic engineering might be a, better way to go to other planets. (有些问题可以通过使用技术来解决。我们可以在月球地下建立基地，以避免辐射，我们可以改变照明，使其更像阳光。一个更雄心勃勃的想法是改变人类，而不仅仅是他们居住的地方。马丁·里斯爵士是一名天文学家，曾任英国皇家学会主席，他一直说人类不适合太空旅行。他认为通过基因工程制造新物种可能是去其他星球的更好方法。) ”可知，短文介绍了太空旅行可能对宇航员健康产生潜在影响，重点讨论了线粒体受损可能引起的各种健康问题以及可能的解决方案。C选项“太空旅行的健康风险及潜在解决方案”符合文章主题。故选C。 Passage 11 In 1957, humans sent the first artificial satellite into space. Today, nearly 70 years later, experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” Luckily, scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk. Here are four that experts have considered, plus some of the most unusual space junk that’s ever orbited our planet. Self-destructing Satellite A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). Once full, the satellite would fall back toward Earth, where it would burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Trash-zapping LasersLaser Orbital Debris (轨道碎片) Removal uses lasers technology to clean up debris. It fires lasers at the debris to push it off its path. Then the junk would either burn up in Earth’s atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Wall of WaterAnother idea involves releasing water from rockets. The water would hit space junk and cause the debris to slow down or fall out of its path into Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. 40．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The problems space junk brings. B．The history of artificial satellites. C．The ways of protecting our planet. D．The advice scientists have given. 41．How does Clear Space-1 work? A．By applying laser technology. B．By pushing the debris off its path. C．By releasing water from rockets. D．By using tentacles like jellyfish. 42．Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A．Wall of Water. B．Space Balloon. C．Trash-zapping lasers. D．Self-destructing Satellite. 43．What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A．They could cost too much money. B．They could make more space trash. C．They might pollute our planet. D．They might hurt working satellites. 【答案】40．A 41．D 42．B 43．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出越来越多的太空垃圾带来很多问题，介绍了科学家们为此想出的一些清理太空垃圾的方法。 40．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” (那些物体正以每小时约17000英里的速度运行。太空垃圾与国际空间站或工作卫星等物体之间的碰撞可能非常危险。国家地理探险家和太空环境学家Moriba Jah说：“太空只会变得越来越拥挤，太空中没有垃圾清理服务，因此太空旅行变得越来越困难。”)”可知，本段主要介绍了太空垃圾带来的问题，包括引起危险的碰撞，让太空旅行变得困难。故选A项。 41．细节理解题。根据Self-destructing Satellite部分的“A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). (一颗名为Clear Space-1的卫星将利用类似水母触手的装置寻找并抓取太空垃圾)”可知，它的工作原理是利用水母一样的触手。故选D项。 42．细节理解题。根据Space Balloon部分的“The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. (轨道降低装置会将一个足球场宽的充气气球附着在大型太空垃圾上，从而减缓其速度，使其重新进入地球大气层并燃烧殆尽)”可知，太空气球是为处理大型太空垃圾而设计的。故选B项。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. (其中一些想法受到了质疑。因此，Jah希望探索其他解决方案，例如设计可重复使用、可回收的卫星。他表示：“我们需要找到其他方法来保持太空清洁，同时不会进一步污染我们自己的星球。”)”可知，Jah希望找到清洁太空的同时不污染地球本身的方案，来替代上文提到的想法。由此推知，文中的四个想法可能都会污染地球。故选C项。 Passage 12 （2025高二上·广东揭阳·期末）A supersonic airline like Concorde, flies at twice the speed of sound. A passenger can leave London at noon and arrive in New York at ten o’clock that same morning! There is a five-hour time difference between the two cities and Concorde can fly the Atlantic in only three hours. That evening the passenger will feel it is time to go to bed when it is only six o’clock in the evening. Airline pilots suffer from this jet lag very much. It may be in the middle of the night in Hong Kong but their stomachs are still on London time, where it is dinner time. Pilots and other airline crew have to adjust to constant changes in time. That is why they often look fifty years old when they are only forty. This adjustment to sudden changes causes all sorts of problems. Businessmen who travel from one side of the world to the other in one day are told never to make important decisions during the first twenty-four hours after landing. Air travel is getting faster all the time. Engineers say that soon people will be “shot” to their destinations in huge rockets, which will be able to carry a quarter of passenger capacity in general airliner at a time. These rockets will be shot high above the earth’s atmosphere and land on the other side of the earth forty-five minutes after take-off. They will be able to cross the Pacific Ocean, such as from Los Angeles to Honolulu, in only eighteen minutes. But, of course, passengers will be faced with the same problems on the ground that they face at present. We shall still spend hours getting to the airport. Today, the shortest part of the journey and the least difficult is in the air. The worst and longest part is on the roads leading from the center of town to the airport. The roads become crowded increasingly while our planes become faster and faster. 44．If you leave London at eight o’clock by plane whose speed is the same as that of sound, you will arrive in New York at . A．three o’clock B．six o’clock C．nine o’clock D．twelve o’clock 45．Pilots often look older than they really are because . A．they eat dinner in the middle of the night B．they suffer a lot from the changes in time C．they have to work at the weekend D．they live far away from the airport 46．According to the text, the number of passengers in a general airliner is the one in a huge rocket at a time. A．four times larger than B．a quarter as large as C．seventy-five percent of D．five times larger than 47．What can be learned according to the passage? A．people will spend less time on the ground as air travel is getting faster B．a supersonic plane can fly the Pacific in only eighteen minutes C．the rocket is the fastest and least difficult means of travel D．the speed of sound is only half that of a Concorde 【答案】44．C 45．B 46．A 47．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍超音速飞机飞行特点及时差问题，提及未来火箭出行，也指出地面交通仍困扰航空出行。 44．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A supersonic airline like Concorde, flies at twice the speed of sound. A passenger can leave London at noon and arrive in New York at ten o’clock that same morning! There is a five-hour time difference between the two cities and Concorde can fly the Atlantic in only three hours.(像协和式飞机这样的超音速飞机，飞行速度是音速的两倍。乘客可以在中午离开伦敦，当天上午十点到达纽约！这两个城市之间有五个小时的时差，而协和式飞机只需要3个小时就能飞越大西洋。)”可知，协和式超音速飞机飞行大西洋需3小时，那两城市有5小时时差。那么若飞机速度是音速，飞越大西洋的时间是协和式超音速飞机的2倍，即6小时。若从伦敦上午8点出发，飞行6小时后，当地时间是14点（8 + 6），纽约时间为9点（14 - 5）。故选C项。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airline pilots suffer from this jet lag very much. It may be in the middle of the night in Hong Kong but their stomachs are still on London time, where it is dinner time. Pilots and other airline crew have to adjust to constant changes in time. That is why they often look fifty years old when they are only forty. (航空公司的飞行员深受这种时差的困扰。香港可能是半夜，但他们的胃仍然在伦敦时间，那里是晚餐时间。飞行员和其他机组人员必须适应时间的不断变化。这就是为什么他们只有四十岁，却看起来像五十岁的原因。)”可知，飞行员看起来比实际年龄大是因为他们深受时差变化之苦，需要不断适应时间的持续变化。故选B项。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段中 “Engineers say that soon people will be ‘shot’ to their destinations in huge rockets, which will be able to carry a quarter of passenger capacity in general airliner at a time.(工程师们表示，很快人们将被巨大的火箭“击中”目的地，这种火箭一次能够运载普通客机四分之一的乘客。)”可知，火箭一次运载的乘客量是普通客机的四分之一，反过来就是普通客机一次运载的乘客量是火箭的四倍，故选A项。 47．细节理解题。根据 文章第一段“A supersonic airline like Concorde, flies at twice the speed of sound.(像协和式飞机这样的超音速航空公司，飞行速度是音速的两倍。)”可知，像协和式这样的超音速飞机飞行速度是音速的两倍，即音速只是协和式超音速飞机速度的一半。故选D项。 Passage 13 Climate change, pollution and fast-paced life got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft? Before you decide to leave Earth behind, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS). Two NASA astronauts have been living aboard the ISS since their departure from Earth on June 5. Their mission, originally meant to last around a week, will have gone on for over eight months. NASA’s accepted odds for loss of crew during the extended stay, or chances they two won’t make it back to Earth alive, are 1 in 270. Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. Living in microgravity causes bodily fluids to become more evenly distributed, with up to two extra liters of blood in the upper body, triggering constant feelings of puffiness (浮肿), especially in the head and face. Captain Kelly, a former NASA astronaut, describes the feeling, “It feels a little like standing on your head 24 hours a day.” The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. Discoveries made during NASA’s study found extended time in space also impacts telomeres (端粒). During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth. 48．What can we know about the two astronauts from Paragraph 2? A．NASA has accepted the fact of losing them. B．They postpone their missions to eight months later. C．Staying in space has potential damage to their physical conditions. D．The longer they stay in space, the lower chances they have of returning alive. 49．How do the bodily fluids affect astronauts living in microgravity? A．They make astronauts’ whole bodies puffy. B．They greatly weaken astronauts’ urges to urinate. C．They accumulate more in the upper body than the lower. D．They cause astronauts to feel like standing 24 hours a day. 50．What can we learn from Captain Kelly? A．He was less likely to suffer age-related diseases. B．He reminded us that living on Earth was comfortable. C．Living in space had no significant impact on his overall health. D．His telomeres lengthened first and then shortened after returning from space. 51．What does the author intend to imply according to this article? A．It is not worth exploring the solar system. B．Travelling in space is an affordable journey. C．It is possible to travel to space as a vacation. D．Exploring the space takes devotion and sacrifice. 【答案】48．C 49．B 50．D 51．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍微重力环境对于宇航员的身体的影响。 48．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. (虽然他们在执行任务时死亡的几率相对较低，但他们在太空长期停留的影响可能会对他们的身体产生影响。)”可知，长时间留在太空有可能对宇航员的身体状况有潜在的损害。故选C项。 49．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. (液体在太空中重新分配自己的方式也会导致尿液漂浮在膀胱两侧，这可能会使宇航员在膀胱完全充满之前感觉不到小便的需要，从而导致意外的、自发的小便需要。)”可知，体液会削弱生活在微重力环境中的宇航员的尿意。故选B项。 50．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. (在近一年的太空生活中，Captain Kelly的端粒实际上变长了，这通常是患与年龄有关疾病的几率较低的一个指标。然而，在返回地球后的几个月里，他的端粒长度被发现比他飞行前的水平短得多。)”可知，从太空回来后，Captain Kelly的端粒先是变长，然后又变短。故选D项。 51．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth.(如果你打算去太空旅行作为你的下一个豪华假期，准备在一个全新的环境中遇到更多严重的健康后果。对于像Captain Kelly这样的宇航员来说，太空对身体的影响是探索太阳系的一个小代价。对于我们这些还没有去过太空的人来说，生活在微重力下引起的健康问题可以提醒我们地球上的生活是多么舒适。)”可知，作者想暗示探索太空需要奉献和牺牲。故选D项。 Passage 14 （2025高二上·江苏泰州·期末）China’s Chang’e-6 mission collected 1,935.3 grams of samples from the far side of the moon, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced on June 28. China’s Chang’e-6 probe comprises an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner. The probe was launched on May 3, entering its circumlunar orbit on May 8. The lander-ascender combination separated from the orbiter-teturner combination on May 30 and then successfully landed at the designated (指定的) landing area on the far side of the moon on June 2. The spacecraft collected samples and the ascender carrying the samples lifted off from lunar surface on June 4, docked with the orbiter-returner combination in lunar orbit, and transferred the samples to the returner on June 6. After separating from the orbiter, the returner of Chang’e-6 returned to Earth on June 25, bringing back the world’s first samples collected from the moon’s far side, marking a complete success for the mission. The samples brought back by Chang’e-6 were stickier compared to previous samples, with the presence of clumps (块). These are observable characteristics. Previously, significant scientific achievements have been made through in-depth research on he lunar samples brought back by the Chang’e-5 mission. Researchers have published more than 80 achievements in important domestic and international journals, including the discovery of the new lunar mineral Changesite-(Y), the sixth discovered on the moon, and the “youngest” basalt (玄武岩) on the moon, which was determined to be about two billion years old and extended the “life” of lunar volcanism 800-900 million years longer than previously known. Based on the lunar sample management rules released by the CNSA and the experience in dealing with the applications for lunar samples collected by the Chang’e-5 mission, applications for the Chang’e-6 samples are expected to open to domestic research institutions and scientists soon. To share China’s lunar exploration achievements with the international community, China welcomes scientists from all countries to submit applications according to relevant procedures. 52．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The achievements in space exploration. B．The design of China’s Chang’e-6 probe. C．The process of China’s Chang’e-6 mission. D．The significance of collecting lunar samples. 53．What achievements have been made in the research on lunar samples? A．More new minerals have been found in Chang’e-6 samples. B．Changesite (Y) is the first mineral discovered on the moon. C．Lunar volcanism is determined to be 800-900 million years old. D．It offers valuable insights into the moon’s early geological history. 54．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Lunar sample management rules have not been released. B．The Chang’e-6 samples are accessible to scientists worldwide freely. C．Chang’e-6 samples have been given to domestic research institutions. D．China is committed to advancing international cooperation in lunar research. 55．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A blog post. B．A fictional story. C．A news report. D．An academic article. 【答案】52．C 53．D 54．D 55．C 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号任务的过程以及带回的月球样本的价值。 52．主旨大意题。根据第二段“China’s Chang’e-6 probe comprises an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner. The probe was launched on May 3, entering its circumlunar orbit on May 8. The lander-ascender combination separated from the orbiter-teturner combination on May 30 and then successfully landed at the designated (指定的) landing area on the far side of the moon on June 2. The spacecraft collected samples and the ascender carrying the samples lifted off from lunar surface on June 4, docked with the orbiter-returner combination in lunar orbit, and transferred the samples to the returner on June 6. After separating from the orbiter, the returner of Chang’e-6 returned to Earth on June 25, bringing back the world’s first samples collected from the moon’s far side, marking a complete success for the mission.(中国的嫦娥六号探测器由轨道飞行器、着陆器、上升器和返回器组成。该探测器于5月3日发射，5月8日进入绕月轨道。着陆器-上升器组合于5月30日与轨道器-探测器组合分离，并于6月2日成功降落在月球背面的指定着陆点。6月4日，“嫦娥四号”采集了月球表面的样本，携带样本的上升器从月球表面升空，与轨道飞行器-返回器组合对接，并于6月6日将样本转移至返回器。6月25日，嫦娥六号返回器与轨道飞行器分离后返回地球，带回了世界上第一个从月球背面采集的样本，标志着嫦娥六号任务的圆满成功)”可知，第二段主要讲了中国嫦娥六号任务的过程。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Researchers have published more than 80 achievements in important domestic and international journals, including the discovery of the new lunar mineral Changesite (Y), the sixth discovered on the moon, and the “youngest” basalt (玄武岩) on the moon, which was determined to be about two billion years old and extended the “life” of lunar volcanism 800-900 million years longer than previously known.(研究人员在国内外重要期刊上发表了80多项成果，其中包括发现了月球上第6个新发现的月球矿物长叶岩(Y)，以及月球上“最年轻”的玄武岩，确定其年龄约为20亿年，使月球火山活动的“寿命”比以前已知的延长了8到9亿年)”可知，月球样本研究提供了对月球早期地质历史的宝贵见解。故选D。 54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To share China’s lunar exploration achievements with the international community, China welcomes scientists from all countries to submit applications according to relevant procedures.(为与国际社会分享中国的探月成果，中方欢迎各国科学家按照有关程序提出申请)”可知，中国致力于推进月球研究国际合作。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据第一段“China’s Chang’e-6 mission collected 1,935.3 grams of samples from the far side of the moon, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced on June 28.(6月28日，中国国家航天局（CNSA）宣布，中国的嫦娥六号任务从月球背面收集了1,935.3克样本)”结合文章主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号任务的过程以及带回的月球样本的价值。可知，文章选自新闻报道。故选C。 Passage 15 （2025高二上·安徽安庆·期末）Born on August 5, 1930, in northwest Ohio near Wapakoneta, Neil Alden Armstrong was the eldest son of his parents. Neil’s father travelled to many countries for his job. His family had to move with him to places. Finally, the Armstrongs moved back to Wapakoneta,Ohio and settled there. As a child, Neil with his siblings Dean and June, did daily things like weeding (除草) the garden or helping wash clothes. At the age of two, Neil Armstrong went with his father to see the 1932 Clevel and National Air Races. Seeing the planes fly, he fell in love with flying. His gift was clear in his ability to read as good as the fifth graders, when in first grade. He was good at Science and Maths. Through a telescope his neighbour had, he often observed the stars and especially the moon. At the age of six, Neil Armstrong took a plane ride in a Tin Goose. During the next few years, he made many model airplanes in the basement of his house. He began taking flying lessons when he was fourteen, and he got a pilot’s license when he was just sixteen! He was a Blume High School student and he completed schooling in 1947. Armstrong was invited by NASA but it was not until 1962 that he decided to become an astronaut. He became America’s first astronaut in the same year. Seven years later, Armstrong was chosen to command the Apollo 11 mission (使命) of landing on the moon. Armstrong, together with Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin, left from the Kennedy Space Center on July 16 that year. A spacecraft named Eagle carried Armstrong and Aldrin to the moon. At 10: 56 pm on July 20, Armstrong stepped on the moon and said, “That’s one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind.” 56．Why did Armstrong’s family move a lot? A．His father liked travelling. B．There were many children. C．His father wanted to make money. D．His father worked in many countries. 57．What can we learn about Armstrong when he was a child? A．He got on well with others. B．He was interested in astronomy. C．He was eager to realize his dream. D．He showed no difference from others. 58．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．He made much progress in flying. B．He received good education at school. C．He was often praised by his teachers, D．He didn’t like taking the train at all. 59．What do Armstrong’s words tell us? A．He made a small step. B．Man has a long history. C．Space science has greatly developed. D．He took great pride in flying in space. 【答案】56．D 57．B 58．A 59．C 【解析】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国太空第一人阿姆斯特朗的生平，包括从他出生到成长，再到成为美国第一位宇航员并踏上月球的全过程。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段“Neil’s father travelled to many countries for his job. His family had to move with him to places.(尼尔的父亲为了工作去过很多国家。他的家人不得不和他一起搬家)”可知，阿姆斯特朗的家人经常搬家是因为他的父亲在许多国家工作过。故选D。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段“Through a telescope his neighbour had, he often observed the stars and especially the moon.(他经常通过邻居的望远镜观察星星，尤其是月亮)”可知，小时候的阿姆斯特朗对天文学感兴趣。故选B。 58．主旨大意题。根据第三段“At the age of six, Neil Armstrong took a plane ride in a Tin Goose. During the next few years, he made many model airplanes in the basement of his house. He began taking flying lessons when he was fourteen, and he got a pilot’s license when he was just sixteen! He was a Blume High School student and he completed schooling in 1947.(六岁时，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗乘坐一架锡鹅飞机。在接下来的几年里，他在家里的地下室里制作了许多模型飞机。他十四岁就开始上飞行课，十六岁就拿到了飞行员执照！他是布鲁姆高中的学生，1947年完成学业)”可知，第三段主要告诉我们他在飞行方面进步很大。故选A。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At 10: 56 pm on July 20, Armstrong stepped on the moon and said, “That’s one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind.”(7月20日晚上10点56分，阿姆斯特朗踏上月球，并说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”)”可知，阿姆斯特朗的话告诉了我们空间科学有了很大的发展。故选C。 Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming. 1 Man-made satellites, of course! Man-made satellites are machines that humans launch into orbit, usually around the Earth. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite— Sputnik 1— on October 4, 1957. The United States launched its first artificial satellite— Explorer 1— about four months later. 2 Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again? 3 Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy. There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System（GPS）. 4 Satellites are launched into orbits at different distances from Earth. Some may be as close as 150 miles above Earth, while others may be as far away as 20,000 miles or more. When satellites stop working, they become orbiting “space junk” until gravity pulls them back to Earth. Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices. 5 A．What are we talking about? B．How many satellites are there in space? C．So no need to worry that the sky is falling! D．Satellites can be sent to orbit other planets, too. E．Man-made satellites are used for various purposes. F．Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling. G．Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．E 4．F 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星在通信、导航、天气预报和太空探索等方面的作用。 1．空格前的句子“Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming.(如果没有这些东西，我们的日常生活将会大不相同。我们中的一些人不能看电视。我们中的一些人在旅行时不知道如何从一个地方导航到另一个地方。我们中的一些人可能会受到我们不知道的坏天气的威胁。)”提到“these things”的重要性，但未提及“these things”指的是什么。而空格后的“Man-made satellites, of course!(当然是人造卫星了！)”显然是回答的某一问题，所以，空格处的句子肯定是问上文的“these things”指的是什么。所以，A项“What are we talking about?(我们在说什么？)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据空格后的句子“Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again?(你有没有想过天空中有那么多的卫星，一遍又一遍地围绕地球运行？)”可知，空格处的句子肯定提到“天空中有很多卫星”的事，所以，G项“Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then.(从那时起，已经有3000多颗卫星被发射到太空。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 3．空格处的句子是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy.(哈勃太空望远镜、国际空间站和俄罗斯和平号空间站等卫星帮助科学家以新的、令人兴奋的方式探索太空。通信卫星帮助我们与世界各地的人通信。气象卫星帮助我们从太空观察地球，帮助预测天气模式。广播和电视卫星给我们发送我们最喜欢的歌曲、电影和电视节目让我们欣赏。)”可知，该部分说的是各类卫星的作用，所以，E项“Man-made satellites are used for various purposes.(人造卫星有各种用途。)”填入空格处，可以作为该段的主题句，符合语境。故选E项。 4．上文的内容“Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy.(哈勃太空望远镜、国际空间站和俄罗斯和平号空间站等卫星帮助科学家以新的、令人兴奋的方式探索太空。通信卫星帮助我们与世界各地的人通信。气象卫星帮助我们从太空观察地球，帮助预测天气模式。广播和电视卫星给我们发送我们最喜欢的歌曲、电影和电视节目让我们欣赏。)”主要说了各类卫星的作用，根据空格前的句子“There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System (GPS).(甚至还有一组卫星组成了全球定位系统)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说GPS的作用，所以，F项“Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling.(没有这些卫星，我们可能会在旅行中迷路。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 5．根据空格前的句子“Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices.(尽管每天至少有一块太空垃圾返回地球，但很少有人注意到。)”可知，尽管每天都会有人造卫星形成的太空垃圾返回地球，但几乎没人注意到，也就是说，空格处的句子应该接着说我们不必担心这些太空垃圾对地球的影响。所以，C项“So no need to worry that the sky is falling!(所以不用担心天要塌下来了！)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 2 Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 6 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 7 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. 8 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 9 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 10 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. 【答案】6．D 7．F 8．B 9．E 10．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。 6．前文“As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. (随着太空旅行时间的延长，在太空中种植食物将是必要的)”提到在太空中种植食物的必要性，后文“Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. (正因为如此，把长途旅行所需的所有东西都送去，只使用一次就扔掉是不现实的)”提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的，因此D项“The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. (将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元)”与下文构成因果关系，指出送物资上太空成本高昂，承上启下，后文的this指代选项内容。故选D。 7．前文“Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. (在太空旅行中，植物有多种用途。他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西)”指出太空中的植物用途很多，可以提供更多新鲜事物，F项“Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. (宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜)”指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜，承接上文，继续阐述太空中植物的用途，符合语境。故选F。 8．根据后文“Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气留在植物周围。这实际上会杀死它们，所以需要风扇来循环空气。没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”可知，在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战，如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等；空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与挑战相关；B项“However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. (然而，在太空中种植植物也存在挑战)”指出在太空中种植植物面临挑战，契合段落内容；上一段阐述太空植物的多种用途，B选项与上一段构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 9．前文“Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”指出由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题，因此E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. (专门的容器正在开发，以帮助植物正确生长)”符合语境，指出需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长，承接前文。故选E。 10．前文“They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (他们正在努力使植物在太空中生长得更快，在更少的水和光的条件下生长，他们正在寻找使植物更抗病的方法)”提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物，围绕植物本身开展的各种研究，后文“Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. (想象一下，有一天沙漠可能会为当地人提供大量新鲜食物，从而节省运输成本。同样，抗病的植物可以提供重要的食物供应)”提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处，因此C项“Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. (这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进)”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 Passage 3 Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer. 11 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. AI works by taking in lots of data, then making predictions based on it. The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic. 12 To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.   13 14 “We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC． “If we do find signs of life elsewhere, we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now, though, the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated. For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia. 15 However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns. The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over. NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life. Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033. A．People’s answers are various. B．Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin. C．The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate. D．The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms. E．Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples. F．Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI. G．The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil. 【答案】11．F 12．G 13．C 14．D 15．E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的方法，即使用人工智能（AI）来寻找外星生命。 11．根据前文“Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer.(外星生命存在吗？这是一个很多人都试图回答的问题)”以及后文“AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.(人工智能是一种允许计算机从经验中学习并执行通常需要人类智能的任务的程序)”可知，前文讲述外星生命，后文讲述人工智能，所以空处应是提及人工智能和外星生命有关，所以F项“Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI.(现在，科学家们发现了一种利用人工智能寻找外星生命的新方法)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选F项。 12．根据前文“The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic.(研究小组利用人工智能方法分析了不同的材料，并确定了它们是生物还是非生物)”可知，本段主要讲述人工智能在分析材料的运用，所以G项“The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil.(人工智能还可以判断生物样本目前是活的还是化石)”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选G项。 13．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.(为了训练人工智能程序，研究人员给了它134种生物和非生物材料的数据。然后，该程序利用这些知识来预测人类的头发、骨骼、牙齿、屋檐、煤炭和化学品等是否有生命)”可知，本段讲述研究人员如何训练人工智能，所以C项“The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate.(研究人员表示，人工智能的准确率为90%)”说明训练的结果，符合本段主题。故选C项。 14．位于段首，为本段的中心句，根据后文““We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC.(“我们也许能在另一个星球上找到一种生命形式。”华盛顿卡内基科学研究所的Robert Hazen说)”可知，本段讲述人工智能能帮助探测生命形式，所以D项“The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms.(科学家们还认为，这种人工智能工具可以探测到外星生命形式)”介绍科学家的观点，引出下文，符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 15．根据前文“For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia.(例如，这个工具可以用来解决科学家们对来自西澳大利亚的35亿年前的岩石的分歧)”以及后文“However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns.(然而，其他人认为这些岩石只是有不寻常的图案)”可知，此处在举例西澳大利亚的35亿年前的岩石进行说明，所以E项“Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples.(一些专家认为这些岩石含有地球上最古老的化石样本)”讲述岩石的研究，承上启下，符合此处主题。故选E项。 Passage 4 A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 16 while artificial satellites are those made by man. Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, 17 , which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus. 18 . Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment. Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 19 . To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth. Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 20 , which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. A．Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit B．Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size C．Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon D．they have different tools to perform different functions E．the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments F．Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet G．Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans 【答案】16．C 17．E 18．G 19．F 20．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。 16．根据上文“A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites.(卫星是太空中围绕另一个物体运行的物体。它有两种——天然卫星和人造卫星。)”和下文“while artificial satellites are those made by man.(然而人造卫星是由人类制造的。)”可知，上文提到了卫星有两种，自然卫星和人造卫星，下文提到了人造卫星，空处应该解释什么是自然卫星。C项：Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon(自然卫星的例子是地球和月球)符合语境。故选C。 17．根据上文“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails.(在外面，它们可能看起来像一个轮子，配备了太阳能电池板或帆。)”可知，上文提到人造卫星的构造，其中提到它们内部包含完成任务所需的工具。因此，接下来的句子应该详细描述这些工具是什么。E项：the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments(卫星载有特定任务的科学仪器)符合语境。故选E。 18．根据下文“Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment.(计算机就像卫星的大脑一样，接收信息，解释信息，并将信息发回地球。先进的数码相机充当卫星的眼睛。传感器是另一个重要部件，它不仅能识别光、热和气体，还能记录所观察到的变化。卫星上的无线电把信息发回地球。太阳能电池板为电脑和其他设备提供电力。)”可知，下文详细描述了人造卫星的组成部分以及它们的功能，如计算机、高级数字相机、传感器、无线电和太阳能电池板等，这些部分协同工作，使得人造卫星能够执行各种任务。因此，这里需要一个句子来概括人造卫星的工作方式。G项：Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans(人造卫星像人类一样以系统的方式运作)符合语境。故选G。 19．根据下文“To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.(为了保持在地球轨道上运行，卫星的速度必须根据引力最微小的变化进行调整。卫星的速度与地球的重力刚好相反，所以它不会加速进入太空或落回地球。)”可知，下文提到人造卫星需要调整速度来对抗地球的引力，以保持轨道稳定。因此，本句需要解释为什么需要这样做。F项：Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet(地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心)符合语境。故选F。 20．根据下文“Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. (因此，这些卫星必须以每小时约17000英里的速度运行，以防止自己落回地球，而轨道较高的卫星可以运行得更慢。)”可知，空处需要一个句子来引出这些卫星的轨道高度。A项：Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit(靠近地球的卫星在近地轨道上)符合语境。故选A。 Passage 5 It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer space, heading towards the Red Planet While we’re not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today is: 21 The space race saw the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, 22 Now it appears that Mars is the body of desire. While to be the first nation to land on it is an obvious draw, there are other reasons why we want to get there. 23 You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs. However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of changing habitability of a planet is not always practical. 24 It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien (外星的) life. 25 Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was brought here via asteroid from Mars. A．and the US landed on the moon first. B．Instead, it makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth because of the damage we have done to it. C．One of these could be the survival of our species. D．Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? E．It has been believed that, at one time, a certain form of life did exist in this red planet. F．Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reasonable enough. G．May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in exploring space? 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明人类为什么热衷于探索火星，介绍了人类历史中对太空的探索行动，分析了人类想登陆火星背后的原因以及人们对此的看法。 21．根据前文“It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer space, heading towards the Red Planet While we’re not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today is(这听起来像是科幻小说里的情节——向广阔的外太空进行太空探索，驶向红色星球。虽然我们还没有完全准备好把人送上火星，但我们今天要问的问题是)”可知，空处应是提出具体问题，且和探索火星有关，所以D项“Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?(为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣？)”符合文意。故选D项。 22．根据前文“The space race saw the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else,(太空竞赛见证了苏联(苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟)和美国争夺太空飞行的第一名。苏联比任何人都早发射人造卫星“斯普特尼克1号”)”可知，此处讲述美苏太空竞赛各自的成就，前文说的苏联，所以空处应是美国的成就，A项“and the US landed on the moon first.(而美国则率先登陆月球)”符合文意，且和前文构成并列关系。故选A项。 23．分析设空，位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.(你只需要看看恐龙的化石就能知道找到另一个适宜居住的星球的好处。虽然火星目前还不具备适宜居住的条件，但改造地球的概念一直存在——改变行星的环境以适应我们的需要)”可知，本段主要讲述了探索火星事关人类生存，所以C项“One of these could be the survival of our species.(其中之一可能是人类的生存)”符合文意，为本段中心句。故选C项。 24．根据前文“However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of changing habitability of a planet is not always practical.(然而，并非所有人都同意。著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森曾说，改变行星可居住性的概念并不总是切实可行的)”可知，此处讲述并不是所有人认为改变行星可居住性的概念是可行的，所以B项“Instead, it makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth because of the damage we have done to it.(相反，鉴于我们对地球造成的破坏，对地球进行地球化改造毫无意义)”符合文意，且和前文构成转折关系。故选B项。 25．根据前文“It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien (外星的) life.(目前的主要原因似乎是寻找外星生命)”可知，F项“Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reasonable enough.(当然，鼓励新一代去拜访星星是很合理的)”是对前句的进一步补充，符合文意。故选F项。 ( 43 / 44 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 2025 Student Launch Challenge About Student Launch NASA Student Launch is a research-based, competitive, and experiential exploration challenge that provides relevant and cost-effective research and development to support the Space Launch System (SLS). The activity involves reaching a broad audience of middle and high schools, colleges, and universities across the nation in a nine-month commitment to design, build, test and launch vehicle and payload (载荷) components that support SLS. It is aimed at inspiring students to explore science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for the benefit of humanity. 2025 Student Launch NASA has selected 71 teams from across the US to participate in its 25th annual Student Launch Challenge. As part of the challenge, teams will design, build, and fly a high-powered amateur rocket and scientific payload. They also must meet documentation milestones and undergo detailed reviews throughout the school year. The nine-month-long challenge will be highlighted with on-site events starting on April 30,2025. Final launches are scheduled for May 3, 2025, at Bragg Farms in Toney, Alabama, just minutes north of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. It’s the perfect ending to the events. Teams are not required to travel for their final launch, having the option to launch from a qualified site. Student teams will undergo detailed reviews by NASA personnel to ensure the safety, operability and practicality of their rocket and payload designs. Awards The Altitude (高度) Award: Awarded to the team that comes closest to their declared target altitude on their competition launch. Vehicle Design Award: Awarded to the team with the most creative and innovative overall vehicle design for their intended payload while still maximizing safety and efficiency. Judges’ Choice Award: Selected during Launch Week by a panel of guest judges and awarded for the best combination of payload innovation, vehicle design and construction, and public engagement. 1．What is the main goal of the NASA Student Launch Challenge? A．To train professional astronauts. B．To promote students’ exploration of STEM. C．To test new rocket technologies. D．To select future employees for NASA． 2．How long does the on-site events last? A．Nine months B．Two months. C．Four days. D．One day. 3．What is the Vehicle Design Award based on? A．Social media popularity of the design. B．The maximum payload of the vehicle. C．Closeness to the scheduled launching height. D．The vehicle’s innovation and practical performance. Passage 2 SpaceX Starship test launch in October 2024 marked another milestone for the world’s largest and most powerful rocket. But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared. According to datasets published, the 30-story-tall Starship’s 33 engines generate anywhere between 105 and 125 decibels (分贝) during its liftoff and landing, which is powerful enough to cause structural damage to buildings. Gee, a professor in Brigham Young University, detected those sound levels roughly six miles away. “This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.” Gee said. Gee stresses that although researchers often measure noise using decibel levels, there are other measurements for sound. So he believes it’s best to assess Starship’s loudness by comparing it to other understandable quantities. On the quieter end, Starship’s liftoff may sound similar to an average rock concert. At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot. According to environmental engineer Roesch, the “raw power output” from Starship’s Super Heavy rockets has increased 30 percent since the FAA’s initial risk review in 2019, an amount expected to grow over future launches. Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA “not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics” but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document. “No bird egg will survive that kind of impact. More deaths for animals are not accounted for in the FAA’s risk assessment.” Gee declines to offer a personal opinion regarding SpaceX’s ongoing Starship launch schedule, and believes humanity’s future may require space travel. In the meantime, he hopes the new data will inform policy and regulatory decisions. “We are talking about levels that people found unacceptable before,” he says. 4．How did Gee conclude SpaceX’s rocket would be the loudest ever built? A．He measured the decibel levels directly. B．He calculated the rocket’s engine power. C．He inferred from the rocket’s dimensions. D．He checked all the datasets published. 5．Why does Gee mention gunshot? A．To indicate possible damage. B．To make readers amused. C．To measure sounds accurately. D．To describe noise levels vividly. 6．What did Roesch think of FAA’s assumptions? A．Factual but contradictory. B．Illogical and inaccurate. C．Optimistic but simple. D．Irrelevant and outdated. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．Animal injuries during SpaceX’s launches. B．Fair prospects for SpaceX’ s Starship project. C．Technical drawbacks of SpaceX’s rocket engines. D．Environmental impact of SpaceX’s Starship launch. Passage 3 （2025高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Scientists can now conduct space research on Earth as China’s “ground space station” has been put into trial operation, reported Xin hua. The facility is called Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure (SESRI). SESRI simulates (模拟) conditions in space and is designed for studying basic space science. This will help scientists do experiments that they normally do in space. SESRI is jointly developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. “Space is very different from the environment on Earth and can have different effects on spacecraft. What we do here is to explore how the effects take place and why,” Li Liyi, executive deputy director of SESRI, told Guangming Daily. At the facility, there is a device that simulates the space environment from 100 kilometers away from Earth to the sun. In this area, more than 99 percent of visible matter is in a plasma (等离子体) state in which gas is in a highly charged and energetic state of matter. By re-creating the environment, the device can test how plasma affects spacecraft. Also, one of the biggest problems manned space travel faces is when spacecraft enter Earth’s atmosphere, they are surrounded by plasma, leading to communication blackouts (黑障). The test center can also help solve this issue as researchers now have more opportunities to do tests. The researchers faced many challenges when building the simulation system, as connecting various parts of the device can be very complicated. “We held more than 700 meetings over a connection problem alone.” Jin Chenggang at the facility told Heilongjiang News. SESRI also has simulation systems for the moon and Mars, which can re-create the vacuum, extreme temperatures, and space radiation that astronauts would encounter on these space bodies. The systems will help astronauts prepare for their missions to these places in the future, reported Guangming Daily. In the future, the platform will also play an important role in areas including brain science, life and health research, and the development of high-end instruments. 8．What is the main benefit of simulating space environment? A．Supporting space research on Earth. B．Reducing the cost of space missions. C．Studying the effects of space on humans. D．Improving our understanding of black holes. 9．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The challenge of space exploration. B．The risk of experiments at the SESRI. C．The benefit of space exploration. D．The function of the device at the SESRI. 10．Why does the author quote Jin Chenggang’s words? A．To share a personal story about the building process. B．To show the difficulties of building the simulation system. C．To highlight the importance of preparations for the research. D．To emphasize the challenges of working with other research teams. 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Space simulation may be costly. B．Space simulation raises social concerns. C．International cooperation is crucial for space simulation. D．Space simulation has great potential for future exploration. Passage 4 In Morten Tyldum’s movie Passengers, characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people. Their destination: HomesteadⅡ, a new world to start their lives anew. To survive the travel, passengers entered hibernation (冬眠), each one frozen in their own pod. However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora? Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions. Once inside these pods, astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism, reduce core temperature, and cause inactivity. Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism. For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained. But this is merely the theory. Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing (导致) metabolism is a more practical option, while, most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that? And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours. The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission, but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets, it could be a very useful technology. Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages. 12．Why does the author mention the movie Passengers? A．To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie. B．To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights. C．To explore the possibility of settling another planet. D．To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels. 13．What happens to hibernating astronauts? A．Their functional metabolism is disturbed. B．They need more time and space for entertainment. C．They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies. D．Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum. 14．What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Initiate. B．Justify. C．Define. D．Prioritize. 15．What does the author think of hibernation for humans? A．It may be a risky strategy. B．It is a dream hard to realize. C．It can advance social progress. D．It challenges traditional moral values. Passage 5 Space is mostly a vast vacuum, yet the part around Earth is a human-influenced environment crucial for society. In recent years, we have explored Earth’s increased vulnerability to spacial events and how the world needs to respond. Space dangers have always threatened this planet. A giant asteroid (小行星) impact probably killed off the dinosaurs, and a similar strike could someday destroy the human race. Scientists have started launching space-based telescopes to track dangerous asteroids and testing methods to steer asteroids away from Earth. Space weather is another headache. Big solar storms happen about every 100 years, and we’re probably overdue for one. Scientists can predict space weather, giving people hours’ or even a few days’ warning to prepare facilities. But governments have to know how to act quickly when they get such warnings. Debris hat we’ve put into orbit surrounds the planet, and the number of things up there is rising rapidly. Even tiny pieces of debris, speeding as fast as bullets, can damage satellites that provide critical services on Earth’s surface-and, in the process, possibly create yet more debris that threatens other objects in orbit. Humans are also making the sky brighter from below, through the use of increasingly intense and widespread lighting, and from above, via satellites and, yes, all that space debris reflecting sunlight down to earth. Light pollution interrupts people’s circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) and harms their sleep and their mental and physical health. Countries that are employing space also need to pollute less. They should work together and develop unified standards for how and when people can launch satellites, rockets and more into orbit. One understandable reaction to all these concerns: Humanity has a hard enough time taking care of the land environment; you’re telling me there’s another one? Unfortunately, yes. Even as humans struggle to preserve the ground we walk on or the air we breathe, governments all over the world need to take care of the zone far above our heads, too. Acting, however, is often the hardest part. 16．What can be inferred from the text about the response to space-based threats? A．Scientists haven’t mentally prepared for asteroid threats. B．Authorities can react quickly to space weather warnings. C．Light pollution is not serious enough to require attention. D．International action is lacking in solving space problems. 17．Which of the following is an impact of light pollution? A．It causes damage to satellites in orbit. B．It disrupts astronomical observations. C．It harms people’s well-being. D．It increases space debris. 18．What will the author probably continue to write after the last paragraph? A．Measures to limit all human activities in space. B．Suggested examples of government actions in space. C．The negative impact of protecting the space on the Earth. D．The difference of the space environment from the land one. 19．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Space: The Final Clean Frontier B．Space Dangers and Earth Defense C．Satellites: The Key to Space Safety D．The Odd World of Space Exploration Passage 6 Astronauts embarking on long journeys in deep space can’t pack all the calories they will need in the form of freeze-dried food. They also can’t grow everything they’ll need, as onboard garden technology isn’t mature enough to turn out fresh produce. Given those nutritional restrictions, a group of engineers thinks future space travelers should change their diets. In a study published in The International Journal of Astrobiology, scientists suggest that astronauts could look to asteroids (小行星) for all-you-can-eat meals. They wouldn’t be chewing the rocks themselves. Instead, a chemical and physical process would break down an asteroid’s material, and the resulting organic components would then be fed to bacteria. After the bacteria were full, the astronauts could consume the collection of microbes (微生物) — more appetizingly referred to as “biomass” (生物质). This idea has origins in a more earthly project, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense. One of the agency’s programs, ReSource, tasks researchers with taking plastic waste produced by troops and turning it into something useful. Joshua Pearce, an engineering professor who is collaborating on the project, thought they could turn those plastic food containers into more food. Dr. Pearce was discussing this plastic work with his “space friends”, who pointed out that asteroids aren’t so different from plastic, at least from the microbes’ perspective: they both contain a lot of carbon. The problem is whether microbes will, in fact, eat asteroids. That’s something Annemiek Waajen of VU Amsterdam has investigated, feeding bacteria meteorite (陨石) material pieces of space rock that have fallen to Earth. They consumed its carbon and grew, according to her research. Dr. Waajen thinks asteroid food makes sense biochemically, but that it will remain a curious idea for a while. “It is something that’s still a long way away,” she said. The space part gives Stephen Techtmann, a Michigan Technological University microbiologist, pause. “How do those assumptions actually translate when you get it into that environment?” he said. One problem is that asteroids are not chemical clones of each other. “Changing from asteroid to asteroid might be challenging,” he also said. Dr. Pearce is willing to try to sort that out, hoping to gather data demonstrating that the biomass meals are likely to be produced and safe to consume. “I already promised I would be the first one to take a bite,” he said. Despite the challenges of providing astronauts with a balanced and delicious diet, we believe that the end of scientific exploration is finally a solution. 20．What trouble do astronauts in deep space have according to the passage? A．They possibly starve for lack of food. B．They are addicted to freeze-dried food. C．They are dependent on fresh produce. D．They likely face nutritional imbalance. 21．What is the assumed alternative diet for astronauts? A．Asteroids. B．Biomass. C．Bacteria. D．Meteorites. 22．Which of the following does Stephen Techtmann agree with? A．It remains to be explored whether the project can be realized. B．It is completely impracticable for microbes to eat asteroids. C．There is doubt arising about the safety of the microbe meal. D．There is no need to continue with this asteroid project. 23．What’s the author’s attitude to the idea of looking to asteroids for meals? A．Intolerant B．Doubtful C．Favorable D．Dismissive Passage 7 The Perseverance rover (探测器) has discovered signs of water on the Martian surface, appearing as dark lines that change with the seasons. Scientists tend to think that these lines are caused by short-lived flows of salty water during Mars’ warmer months when temperatures rise above the freezing point. Water, necessary for life, is found wherever life exists on our planet. That there may be water on Mars, even in small amounts, raises the possibility that the planet may have supported life forms in the past or could possibly host some form of life today. This latest discovery is a major step in our journey to understand Mars and its potential (可能性) to host life. The Perseverance rover is equipped with a set of scientific tools that are helping scientists in examining the Martian environment. Its top task is to search for signs of ancient life forms and to collect samples (样本) of rock and soil, which could be returned to Earth in future tasks for further study. By looking closely at the dirt and rock samples, scientists are hoping to find the basic pieces that make up life, which could give us clues about whether Mars was ever a good place for life to develop. The search for water on Mars is not just about finding water; it’s about finding our place in the universe. Each discovery made by the Perseverance rover announces our innovation (创新) and our endless searching. As we stand on the edge of these discoveries, the universe seems a little less vast and more familiar. The search for water on Mars is, in fact, a search for signs of life and a reflection of our own existence among the stars. As the Perseverance rover continues its exploration, we can look forward to more findings that will bring us closer to answering the age-old question: Are we alone in the universe? 24．What possibly causes the dark lines on the Martian surface? A．The freezing point. B．Rising temperature. C．Flows of salty water. D．Movement of planets. 25．What is one aim of the Perseverance rover? A．To map the surface of Mars. B．To find clues to life forms on Mars. C．To examine samples from Mars. D．To adapt to the environment on Mars. 26．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mars offers a better home to mankind. B．The survival of mankind is under threat. C．Our exploration and innovation never end. D．The discovery allows humans to land on Mars. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．Research on Mars Unfinished B．Task on Mars Completed C．Martian Life Forms Discovered D．Water Signs Found on Mars Passage 8 Using Einstein’s theory of general relativity, American physicists found that clocks on the moon would run 56 microseconds faster than clocks on Earth. That finding will help future lunar missions navigate more safely. In April 2024, the White House issued a challenge to scientists to establish a lunar time standard, looking ahead to increased international presence on the Moon and potential human bases as part of NASA’s Artemis Initiative. The real question being puzzled over isn’t “What time is it?” but, rather, “How quickly does time pass?” What time a clock reads can be set by any timekeeper, but physics determines how quickly time passes. In the early years of the 20th century, Albert Einstein determined that two observers won’t agree on how long an hour is if they aren’t moving at the same speed in the same direction. That disagreement also holds between a person on Earth’s surface and another in orbit or on the Moon. “If we are on the Moon, clocks are going to tick differently than on Earth,” said theoretical physicist Bijunath Patla of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colo. He noted that the Moon’s motion relative to ours makes clocks run slower than Earth standard, but its lower gravity leads to clocks running faster. “So these are two competing effects, and the net result of this is a 56-microseconds-per-day drift.” (That’s 0.000056 second.) Patla and his NIST physicist colleague Neil Ashby used Einstein’s theory of general relativity to calculate this number, an improvement over previous analyses. They published their results in the Astronomical Journal. Though a 56-microsecond difference is small by human standards, it’s significant when it comes to guiding multiple missions with pinpoint accuracy or communicating between the Earth and the Moon. “The fundamental thing is safety of navigation in the context of a lunar ecosystem when you have more missions on the Moon than you have now,” said Cheryl Gramling, a systems engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “When it comes to navigation, a drift of 56 microseconds over a day between a clock on the Moon and a clock on Earth is a big difference, so you have to accommodate that.” 28．What is the primary focus of the challenge issued by the White House in April 2024? A．To set a lunar time standard for future missions. B．To determine the exact time it takes to travel to the Moon. C．To investigate the effects of microgravity on human biology. D．To create a universal timekeeping system for all space missions. 29．According to Bijunath Patla, what are the two competing effects that cause clocks to tick differently on the Moon? A．The Moon’s phases and the Earth’s rotation speed. B．The Moon’s motion relative to the Earth and its lower gravity. C．The Moon’s distance from the Earth and its lack of atmosphere. D．The temperature variations on the Moon and the Earth’s magnetic field. 30．What is the significance of the 56-microsecond difference calculated by Patla and Neil Ashby? A．It improves the accuracy of space missions. B．It shows the limits of Einstein’s theory today. C．It has no practical application in current astronomy research. D．It reveals an error in earlier studies of time difference in space. 31．What is the basic aspect of navigation in a lunar ecosystem, according to Cheryl Gramling? A．The safety of the mission. B．The design of lunar habitats. C．The speed of spacecraft traveling to the Moon. D．The communication systems between the Earth and the Moon. Passage 9 Texting on the Moon or live streaming on Mars may be closer than you think. That’s because NASA and the cellphone producer Nokia are working together to set up a 4G cellular (蜂窝状的) network on the Moon. The partnership is helping to provide what could be the first steps for people’s long-term presence on other planets. While this seems like something out of science fiction, the reality is that a SpaceX rocket launched later in 2024 and it carried a 4Gnetwork to the surface of the Moon. The lander, made by the US company Intuitive Machines, will put in this system on the Moon’s south pole and it will be remotely operated from the Earth. The 4G network which is being built by Nokia’s Bell Labs and is essentially a network in a box, has to be strong enough to operate in the severe conditions of the lunar (月球的) environment. “The first challenge to getting a network up and running is having space-qualified cellular equipment that meets the appropriate size, weight, and power requirements, as well as being deployed (部署) without a technician,” Walt Engelund, deputy associate administrator for programs at NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, told CNN. It is critical to be able to communicate via cellular connectivity for NASA’s Artemis program which hopes to return astronauts to the Moon this decade. Astronauts currently communicate with each other by radios but a more sophisticated system is needed. “Being able to communicate on the Moon is critical to Artemis — as critical as any other mission element like power, water to drink, and air to breathe,” said Engelund. “Eventually, this effort will help establish a lunar communications network that could give our explorers the ability to send scientific data back, communicate with mission control, and talk to their families, as if they were walking down the street on their cellphones.” 32．What are NASA and Nokia doing together? A．Live streaming on Mars. B．Sending a rocket to Mars. C．Building a Moon 4G network. D．Making special phones for space. 33．What makes the project challenging? A．The distance from the earth. B．The Moon’s severe conditions. C．The need for better technology. D．The lack of technicians on the Moon. 34．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Advanced. B．Communicative. C．Educational. D．Scientific. 35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The network is only for sending data back. B．Communication is as important as life support. C．The network helps with family calls on the street. D．Drinking and breathing are hard for the explorers. Passage 10 （2025高二上·河北廊坊·期末）Space is a very unfriendly place for humans to live in. Whether you’re in the sunlight or not, it’s either extremely cold or super hot. There are also many hidden dangers. Even though astronauts have oxygen and a stable temperature provided by their spacecraft, they seem to get sick more easily the longer they stay away from Earth. A report published on October 22nd; 2024, by the Guy Foundation, a British non-profit organization that studies the connections between physics and biology, has found new possible health risks for astronauts. This report, which is based on several recent research studies, says that long space trips or living on other planets might be even harder for humans than we thought before. The main worry is the harm that space travel seems to do to mitochondria (线粒体). Mitochondria are in nearly every cell and are in charge of making the energy that makes the cell work. The report suggests that this could be the reason for many of the health problems seen in astronauts, like problems with the immune system and heart and blood vessel diseases. The report also says that astronauts go through something like “faster ageing”, which is connected to the stop of the cell’s energy production. The report also gives several possible reasons for the mitochondria not working properly. Some are well-known in today’s science. For example, radiation can directly harm cells. Others are more like guesses. Free-fall is one possible reason. The report shows some new evidence that the pull of the Earth’s gravity might be very important for different processes that happen in cells. The lights in spacecraft are also under observation. Right now, they don’t have the full spectrum (光谱) of sunlight. Since we know that sunlight controls our body’s sleep and wake cycle and might affect other body functions, this could be a problem. Some problems might be fixed by using technology. We could build lunar bases underground to keep away from radiation, and we could change the lighting to be more like sunlight. A more ambitious idea would be to change humans instead of just where they live. Sir Martin Rees, who is an astronomer and used to be the president of the Royal Society, has always said that humans are not suitable for space travel. He thinks that making a new species through genetic engineering might be a, better way to go to other planets. 36．What is the major concern raised in the report by the Guy Foundation? A．Radiation harm to astronauts. B．Extreme temperatures in space. C．Potential health risks of space travel. D．Space travel’s damage to mitochondria. 37．Which of the following can NOT cause mitochondria to function improperly? A．The pull of Earth’s gravity. B．The radiation damage to cells. C．The free-fall during spaceflight. D．The lack of the full spectrum of sunlight. 38．Which of the statements does Sir Martin Rees agree with? A．Changing humans’ genes might be good for space exploration. B．Changing humans’ habitat can be the best way of space exploration. C．Building lunar bases underground can protect humans from radiation. D．Genetic engineering may help humans get used to Earth’s environment. 39．What might be the title for the text? A．Challenges of Human Space Exploration. B．Mysteries of Mitochondria in Space Exploration. C．Health Risks and Potential Solutions of Space Travel. D．Hidden Dangers of Spaceflight on Astronaut Health. Passage 11 In 1957, humans sent the first artificial satellite into space. Today, nearly 70 years later, experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour. A collision (碰撞) between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites can be dangerous. “It’s only getting more crowded,” says Moriba Jah, Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist. “There’s no garbage removal in space, so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in.” Luckily, scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk. Here are four that experts have considered, plus some of the most unusual space junk that’s ever orbited our planet. Self-destructing Satellite A satellite called Clear Space-1 would find and grab space junk with jellyfish like tentacles (触手). Once full, the satellite would fall back toward Earth, where it would burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Trash-zapping LasersLaser Orbital Debris (轨道碎片) Removal uses lasers technology to clean up debris. It fires lasers at the debris to push it off its path. Then the junk would either burn up in Earth’s atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon The Orbit Lowering Device would attach a gas-filled balloon as wide as a football field to large pieces of space trash. This would slow down the objects so they would reenter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Wall of WaterAnother idea involves releasing water from rockets. The water would hit space junk and cause the debris to slow down or fall out of its path into Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these ideas have been questioned. So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable, recyclable satellites. “We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don’t further pollute our own planet,” he says. 40．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The problems space junk brings. B．The history of artificial satellites. C．The ways of protecting our planet. D．The advice scientists have given. 41．How does Clear Space-1 work? A．By applying laser technology. B．By pushing the debris off its path. C．By releasing water from rockets. D．By using tentacles like jellyfish. 42．Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A．Wall of Water. B．Space Balloon. C．Trash-zapping lasers. D．Self-destructing Satellite. 43．What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A．They could cost too much money. B．They could make more space trash. C．They might pollute our planet. D．They might hurt working satellites. Passage 12 （2025高二上·广东揭阳·期末）A supersonic airline like Concorde, flies at twice the speed of sound. A passenger can leave London at noon and arrive in New York at ten o’clock that same morning! There is a five-hour time difference between the two cities and Concorde can fly the Atlantic in only three hours. That evening the passenger will feel it is time to go to bed when it is only six o’clock in the evening. Airline pilots suffer from this jet lag very much. It may be in the middle of the night in Hong Kong but their stomachs are still on London time, where it is dinner time. Pilots and other airline crew have to adjust to constant changes in time. That is why they often look fifty years old when they are only forty. This adjustment to sudden changes causes all sorts of problems. Businessmen who travel from one side of the world to the other in one day are told never to make important decisions during the first twenty-four hours after landing. Air travel is getting faster all the time. Engineers say that soon people will be “shot” to their destinations in huge rockets, which will be able to carry a quarter of passenger capacity in general airliner at a time. These rockets will be shot high above the earth’s atmosphere and land on the other side of the earth forty-five minutes after take-off. They will be able to cross the Pacific Ocean, such as from Los Angeles to Honolulu, in only eighteen minutes. But, of course, passengers will be faced with the same problems on the ground that they face at present. We shall still spend hours getting to the airport. Today, the shortest part of the journey and the least difficult is in the air. The worst and longest part is on the roads leading from the center of town to the airport. The roads become crowded increasingly while our planes become faster and faster. 44．If you leave London at eight o’clock by plane whose speed is the same as that of sound, you will arrive in New York at . A．three o’clock B．six o’clock C．nine o’clock D．twelve o’clock 45．Pilots often look older than they really are because . A．they eat dinner in the middle of the night B．they suffer a lot from the changes in time C．they have to work at the weekend D．they live far away from the airport 46．According to the text, the number of passengers in a general airliner is the one in a huge rocket at a time. A．four times larger than B．a quarter as large as C．seventy-five percent of D．five times larger than 47．What can be learned according to the passage? A．people will spend less time on the ground as air travel is getting faster B．a supersonic plane can fly the Pacific in only eighteen minutes C．the rocket is the fastest and least difficult means of travel D．the speed of sound is only half that of a Concorde Passage 13 Climate change, pollution and fast-paced life got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft? Before you decide to leave Earth behind, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS). Two NASA astronauts have been living aboard the ISS since their departure from Earth on June 5. Their mission, originally meant to last around a week, will have gone on for over eight months. NASA’s accepted odds for loss of crew during the extended stay, or chances they two won’t make it back to Earth alive, are 1 in 270. Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies. Living in microgravity causes bodily fluids to become more evenly distributed, with up to two extra liters of blood in the upper body, triggering constant feelings of puffiness (浮肿), especially in the head and face. Captain Kelly, a former NASA astronaut, describes the feeling, “It feels a little like standing on your head 24 hours a day.” The way fluids redistribute themselves in space also causes urine (尿液) to float along the sides of the bladder (膀胱), which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to urinate until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. Discoveries made during NASA’s study found extended time in space also impacts telomeres (端粒). During almost a year in space, Captain Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres was discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels. If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to encounter many more serious health consequences in a completely new environment. For astronauts like Captain Kelly, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how comfortable life is here on Earth. 48．What can we know about the two astronauts from Paragraph 2? A．NASA has accepted the fact of losing them. B．They postpone their missions to eight months later. C．Staying in space has potential damage to their physical conditions. D．The longer they stay in space, the lower chances they have of returning alive. 49．How do the bodily fluids affect astronauts living in microgravity? A．They make astronauts’ whole bodies puffy. B．They greatly weaken astronauts’ urges to urinate. C．They accumulate more in the upper body than the lower. D．They cause astronauts to feel like standing 24 hours a day. 50．What can we learn from Captain Kelly? A．He was less likely to suffer age-related diseases. B．He reminded us that living on Earth was comfortable. C．Living in space had no significant impact on his overall health. D．His telomeres lengthened first and then shortened after returning from space. 51．What does the author intend to imply according to this article? A．It is not worth exploring the solar system. B．Travelling in space is an affordable journey. C．It is possible to travel to space as a vacation. D．Exploring the space takes devotion and sacrifice. Passage 14 （2025高二上·江苏泰州·期末）China’s Chang’e-6 mission collected 1,935.3 grams of samples from the far side of the moon, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced on June 28. China’s Chang’e-6 probe comprises an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner. The probe was launched on May 3, entering its circumlunar orbit on May 8. The lander-ascender combination separated from the orbiter-teturner combination on May 30 and then successfully landed at the designated (指定的) landing area on the far side of the moon on June 2. The spacecraft collected samples and the ascender carrying the samples lifted off from lunar surface on June 4, docked with the orbiter-returner combination in lunar orbit, and transferred the samples to the returner on June 6. After separating from the orbiter, the returner of Chang’e-6 returned to Earth on June 25, bringing back the world’s first samples collected from the moon’s far side, marking a complete success for the mission. The samples brought back by Chang’e-6 were stickier compared to previous samples, with the presence of clumps (块). These are observable characteristics. Previously, significant scientific achievements have been made through in-depth research on he lunar samples brought back by the Chang’e-5 mission. Researchers have published more than 80 achievements in important domestic and international journals, including the discovery of the new lunar mineral Changesite-(Y), the sixth discovered on the moon, and the “youngest” basalt (玄武岩) on the moon, which was determined to be about two billion years old and extended the “life” of lunar volcanism 800-900 million years longer than previously known. Based on the lunar sample management rules released by the CNSA and the experience in dealing with the applications for lunar samples collected by the Chang’e-5 mission, applications for the Chang’e-6 samples are expected to open to domestic research institutions and scientists soon. To share China’s lunar exploration achievements with the international community, China welcomes scientists from all countries to submit applications according to relevant procedures. 52．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The achievements in space exploration. B．The design of China’s Chang’e-6 probe. C．The process of China’s Chang’e-6 mission. D．The significance of collecting lunar samples. 53．What achievements have been made in the research on lunar samples? A．More new minerals have been found in Chang’e-6 samples. B．Changesite (Y) is the first mineral discovered on the moon. C．Lunar volcanism is determined to be 800-900 million years old. D．It offers valuable insights into the moon’s early geological history. 54．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Lunar sample management rules have not been released. B．The Chang’e-6 samples are accessible to scientists worldwide freely. C．Chang’e-6 samples have been given to domestic research institutions. D．China is committed to advancing international cooperation in lunar research. 55．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A blog post. B．A fictional story. C．A news report. D．An academic article. Passage 15 （2025高二上·安徽安庆·期末）Born on August 5, 1930, in northwest Ohio near Wapakoneta, Neil Alden Armstrong was the eldest son of his parents. Neil’s father travelled to many countries for his job. His family had to move with him to places. Finally, the Armstrongs moved back to Wapakoneta,Ohio and settled there. As a child, Neil with his siblings Dean and June, did daily things like weeding (除草) the garden or helping wash clothes. At the age of two, Neil Armstrong went with his father to see the 1932 Clevel and National Air Races. Seeing the planes fly, he fell in love with flying. His gift was clear in his ability to read as good as the fifth graders, when in first grade. He was good at Science and Maths. Through a telescope his neighbour had, he often observed the stars and especially the moon. At the age of six, Neil Armstrong took a plane ride in a Tin Goose. During the next few years, he made many model airplanes in the basement of his house. He began taking flying lessons when he was fourteen, and he got a pilot’s license when he was just sixteen! He was a Blume High School student and he completed schooling in 1947. Armstrong was invited by NASA but it was not until 1962 that he decided to become an astronaut. He became America’s first astronaut in the same year. Seven years later, Armstrong was chosen to command the Apollo 11 mission (使命) of landing on the moon. Armstrong, together with Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin, left from the Kennedy Space Center on July 16 that year. A spacecraft named Eagle carried Armstrong and Aldrin to the moon. At 10: 56 pm on July 20, Armstrong stepped on the moon and said, “That’s one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind.” 56．Why did Armstrong’s family move a lot? A．His father liked travelling. B．There were many children. C．His father wanted to make money. D．His father worked in many countries. 57．What can we learn about Armstrong when he was a child? A．He got on well with others. B．He was interested in astronomy. C．He was eager to realize his dream. D．He showed no difference from others. 58．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．He made much progress in flying. B．He received good education at school. C．He was often praised by his teachers, D．He didn’t like taking the train at all. 59．What do Armstrong’s words tell us? A．He made a small step. B．Man has a long history. C．Space science has greatly developed. D．He took great pride in flying in space. Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025高二上·安徽宿州·期中）Without these things, our daily lives would look much different. Some of us couldn’t watch television. Some of us couldn’t figure out how to navigate from one place to another when traveling. Some of us could be endangered by bad weather that we didn’t know was coming. 1 Man-made satellites, of course! Man-made satellites are machines that humans launch into orbit, usually around the Earth. The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite— Sputnik 1— on October 4, 1957. The United States launched its first artificial satellite— Explorer 1— about four months later. 2 Would you have ever guessed there are that many satellites up there in the sky, traveling around the Earth over and over again? 3 Satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Russian Mir space station help scientists explore space in new and exciting ways. Communications satellites help us communicate with people all over the world. Weather satellites help us observe the Earth from space to help predict weather patterns. Radio and television satellites send us our favorite songs, movies, and television shows for us to enjoy. There’s even a group of satellites that make up the Global Positioning System（GPS）. 4 Satellites are launched into orbits at different distances from Earth. Some may be as close as 150 miles above Earth, while others may be as far away as 20,000 miles or more. When satellites stop working, they become orbiting “space junk” until gravity pulls them back to Earth. Although at least one piece of space junk returns to Earth every day, it’s rare that anyone ever notices. 5 A．What are we talking about? B．How many satellites are there in space? C．So no need to worry that the sky is falling! D．Satellites can be sent to orbit other planets, too. E．Man-made satellites are used for various purposes. F．Without these satellites, we might get lost while traveling. G．Over 3,000 satellites have been launched into space since then. Passage 2 Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 6 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 7 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. 8 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 9 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 10 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. Passage 3 Does alien life exist? It’s a question many people have tried to answer. 11 AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. AI works by taking in lots of data, then making predictions based on it. The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic. 12 To train the AI program, the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials. The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair, bones, teeth, eaves, coal, and chemicals were alive or not.   13 14 “We may be able to find a life-form from another planet.” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC． “If we do find signs of life elsewhere, we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin.” For now, though, the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated. For example, the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3. 5-billion-year-old rocks from Western Australia. 15 However, others think the rocks just have unusual patterns. The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over. NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life. Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033. A．People’s answers are various. B．Some experts believe AI can’t tell their origin. C．The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate. D．The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life-forms. E．Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth’s oldest fossil samples. F．Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI. G．The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil. Passage 4 A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 16 while artificial satellites are those made by man. Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, 17 , which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus. 18 . Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment. Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 19 . To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth. Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 20 , which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. A．Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit B．Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size C．Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon D．they have different tools to perform different functions E．the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments F．Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet G．Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans Passage 5 It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer space, heading towards the Red Planet While we’re not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today is: 21 The space race saw the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, 22 Now it appears that Mars is the body of desire. While to be the first nation to land on it is an obvious draw, there are other reasons why we want to get there. 23 You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs. However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of changing habitability of a planet is not always practical. 24 It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien (外星的) life. 25 Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was brought here via asteroid from Mars. A．and the US landed on the moon first. B．Instead, it makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth because of the damage we have done to it. C．One of these could be the survival of our species. D．Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? E．It has been believed that, at one time, a certain form of life did exist in this red planet. F．Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reasonable enough. G．May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in exploring space? ( 22 / 25 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$