专题03 Unit 2 单元语法多题型综合练（主语从句）--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元语法多题型综合练（主语从句） Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but they mean. 2． breaks the law should be punished. 3．It is unknown he has agreed to my plan. 4． I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 5．It’s true inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. 6．Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares? 7． I want to emphasize is that you should make it a rule to speak Mandarin. 8．It never occurs to me he should make such great success in his career. 9． she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 10．It is not clear he got here without any money. 11．It is still unknown the medicine will be effective to human beings. 12． side effect this medicine has is not known to the patient. 13． the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. 14． he turned down the invitation was not clear. 15． charity they will go to has not been decided. 16． does wrong to his country or to the people deserves punishment. 17．It makes no difference to me you like it or not. 18． he can do it is a problem. 19．It really bothered me he’d forgotten my birthday. 20．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. 21． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved. 22．Some parents keep complaining that they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. 23．It remains unknown these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 24． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 25． the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 26．Your support is important to our work, for you can do helps. 27．But perhaps is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. 28．It suddenly occurred to me I knew how to solve that problem. 29．It’s reported the local government will put the new law into operation next month. 30． we need most is time. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．But is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 不过有一点依旧重要, 就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望, 而这正是真正的发明精神。 2． is a long-term solution, not a short-term one. 我们所需要的是一个长期的解决办法，而不是一个短期的解决办法。 3． was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 concerned/worried him most。 4． was a man lying on the ground. 引起这次事故的是一个躺在地上的人。 5．我突然想到，我可以让我爸爸帮助我走出这个道德困境。 → I could ask my father to help me step out of my moral dilemma. → to ask my father to help me step out of my moral dilemma. 6． Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 可能美洲原住民至少1.5万年前就来到了加利福尼亚。 7． was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives. 幸存者们试图做的是为拯救他们生命的英雄们建造一座纪念碑。 8． then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。 9． is the unique teaching style of the Schoolteacher of the year. 令这些“不可教的”学生大为惊奇的是这位年度教师的独特的教学方式。（amaze） 【答案】What amazes these “unteachable” students greatly 【详解】考查时态、主语从句。表示“令这些‘不可教的’学生大为惊奇的”用主语从句表达；从句主语指物，用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“使惊奇”用amaze，根据空后的is可知，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语what为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数amazes；表示“这些‘不可教的’学生”用these “unteachable” students，作宾语；表示“非常”用greatly，作状语。故填What amazes these “unteachable” students greatly。 10． is not important. 谁打的长途电话并不重要。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1．Every year, anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (句型转换) →Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 2．People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. (句型转换) → what people do has little effect on the environment. 3．Whether we can succeed or not. It depends on our efforts.(合并成一个句子) 4．I don’t know whether he will come. (改为主语从句) not clear. 5．Apparently, we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty. (句型转换) → we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty. 6．It is most significant that people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces. (改为What 引导主语从句) 7．That light travels in straight lines is known to us all. → light travels in straight lines. 8．Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided. → they will sell the house. (句型转换) 9．That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. → he suddenly fell ill last month. 10．You are likely to overcome any difficulties and achieve great success in your career with your determination and hard work.(同义句改写) you will overcome any difficulties and achieve great success in your career with your determination and hard work. Ⅳ.翻译 1．令我们惊讶的是，到那天结束时，它已经获得了全世界社交媒体用户的关注，获得了成千上万的分享和点赞。（主语从句；v.-ing作状语） 2．值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。（survive） 3．该城市是否已经下定决心采取有效措施减少碳足迹需拭目以待。（remain）(汉译英) 4．九寨沟给我印象最深的是色彩斑斓的湖泊和令人惊叹的瀑布。(what引导主语从句；Jiuzhaigou; waterfalls) 5．直到那时我才明白，我们永远不该把爱视为理所当然，这催促我去感恩。（only 放句首倒装） 6．我突然想到父亲的爱就像阳光，带给我坚定和热情去追逐我的梦想。 7．说不同语言的人是否会有不同的思维方式，这个问题已经争论了数千年。(What) 8．如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 9．使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。(主语从句) 10．撒那个善意的谎言是否有意义，这件事让 Anne 忧心忡忡。(worthwhile, weigh) ( 1 / 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元语法多题型综合练（主语从句） Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but they mean. 【答案】 What what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：文字的意义不只是一串符号的表面，而是其内涵，不只是它们的排列方式，而是它们所表达的意义。本句为包含主语从句和宾语从句的复合句，第一个空白处引导主语从句，因第一个空白处在主语从句中做主语表示内容，使用连接代词what引导从句。第二个空白处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语表示内容，使用连接代词what引导从句，故填What；what。 2． breaks the law should be punished. 【答案】Whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，应为连接代词Whoever表示“无论谁；任何人”，在从句中作主语成分。故填Whoever。 3．It is unknown he has agreed to my plan. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查连接词。句意：他是否同意我的计划还不知道。空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意可知，空处表示 “是否”连接词为whether/if，引导主语从句。故填whether/if。 4． I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我真正钦佩的是她承认良好的健康不仅让我们更美丽，而且也让我们更快乐的方式！“_________ I really admire”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意，表示“(我真正钦佩的)事情”，用连接代词what引导主语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 5．It’s true inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. 【答案】that 【详解】考查连接词。句意：内在美确实很重要，但外在美也不应该被完全忽视。it为形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。 6．Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares? 【答案】what 【详解】考查连接词。句意：爸爸觉得我是个自恋狂，但我要说的是我的照片不会伤害任何人，所以谁在乎呢？空处引导主语从句，主语从句缺少宾语，指代说的内容，应用连接代词what。故填what。 7． I want to emphasize is that you should make it a rule to speak Mandarin. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我想要强调的是你应该养成说普通话的习惯。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“所……的事情”，应用what，句首单词首字母大写，故填What。 8．It never occurs to me he should make such great success in his career. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我从未想到他会在事业上取得如此大的成功。空前的It为形式主语，本空引导的从句作真正的主语，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 9． she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：她不能理解的是，越来越少的学生对科学感兴趣。空处为主语从句的引导词，从句动词understand之后缺少宾语，表示“……的事情；……的东西”应用引导词what，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填What。 10．It is not clear he got here without any money. 【答案】how 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：不清楚他是如何身无分文地来到这里的。此处为主语从句的引导词，由句意及空前的It is not clear及空后的he got here without any money可知应填引导词how，意为“如何”，故填how。 11．It is still unknown the medicine will be effective to human beings. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这种药对人体是否有效还不得而知。由句意此处表示“是否”且引导主语从句，应用引导词whether，It作形式主语，whether引导的从句作真正的主语。故填whether。 12． side effect this medicine has is not known to the patient. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这种药对病人有什么副作用尚不明确。引导主语从句，从句表示“什么”应用what。首字母大写。故填What。 13． the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们都知道地球绕着太阳转。此处为主语从句的引导词，空后的句子the earth goes around the sun结构完整，应用引导词that，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 14． he turned down the invitation was not clear. 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他为什么拒绝邀请尚不清楚。空处引导主语从句，结合“was not clear”可推知，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词，在从句中作原因状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Why。 15． charity they will go to has not been decided. 【答案】Which 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：他们将去哪个慈善机构尚未决定。______charity they will go to是主语从句，从句缺少“哪个”之意，应用which引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填Which。 16． does wrong to his country or to the people deserves punishment. 【答案】Whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：凡是对国家或人民做错事的人，都应受到惩罚。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，表示“无论谁”，应用whoever引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whoever。 17．It makes no difference to me you like it or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你喜不喜欢对我来说都无所谓。It是形式主语，空处引导一个主语从句，作真正的主语，表示“是否”，且后有or not，所以使用whether引导，whether...or not是固定搭配，意为“是否”。故填whether。 18． he can do it is a problem. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他是否能做这件事是个问题。由句意及句中的is a problem可知此处表示“是否”且引导主语从句，应用引导词whether(if表示“是否”时不能引导主语从句)，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 19．It really bothered me he’d forgotten my birthday. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他忘记了我的生日，这让我很烦恼。句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用连词that引导从句，故填that。 20．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，三大外卖应用一共提供了来自6万家餐厅的100种美食选择。句型It is estimated that...，表示“据估计”，that引导主语从句。故填that。 21． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：其他星球上是否存在生命还有待证实。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，结合下文“is yet to be proved”可知，应为从属连词whether表示“是否”，满足句意要求。位于句首，故填Whether。 22．Some parents keep complaining that they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：有些父母一直抱怨说，他们所做的一切都是为了孩子的利益，这有点烦人。句中that引导宾语从句，“_____they do”是宾语从句中的主语，为主语从句，空格处在主语从句中作do的宾语，指事物，用连接词what引导。故填what。 23．It remains unknown these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚这些社会变化是否导致了多样的家庭模式。这个句子是it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句中成份是完整的，结合句意可知缺少“是否”的意思，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。 24． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 【答案】When 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：新市长何时上任还没有公布。空处引导主语从句，表达“何时上任”之意，用连接副词when引导；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 25． the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任务能否按时完成还是个疑问。设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”的含义，应用连词whether引导从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 26．Your support is important to our work, for you can do helps. 【答案】whatever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，因为无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。for引导原因状语从句，设空处引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever，并在从句中作do的宾语。故填whatever。 27．But perhaps is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。本空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，应该使用what来引导从句。故填what。 28．It suddenly occurred to me I knew how to solve that problem. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想到我知道如何解决那个问题。表示“某人突然想到……”句型为It suddenly occurred/occurs to sb. that…，其中it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句。故填that。 29．It’s reported the local government will put the new law into operation next month. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据报道，当地政府将于下个月实施新法律。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型It’s reported that…意为“据报道……”，其中that引导主语从句作真正主语，it作形式主语。故填that。 30． we need most is time. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们最需要的是时间。空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“我们需要的东西”，应用连接代词what；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．But is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 不过有一点依旧重要, 就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望, 而这正是真正的发明精神。 【答案】what remains important 【详解】考查主语从句、时态、动词和形容词。分析句子结构可知，空格处是全句的主语，即为汉语句中“有一点依旧重要”所对应部分。这部分可用连接代词what引导的主语从句表达，其中what作从句的主语，谓语可用系动词remain表示“依旧”。remain后应使用形容词构成系表结构，“重要”的形容词为important。又根据所给英文句中的系动词is及其后的表语从句中的谓语have都为一般现在时可知，前面主语从句中的系动词remain也应使用一般现在时。故填what remains important。 2． is a long-term solution, not a short-term one. 我们所需要的是一个长期的解决办法，而不是一个短期的解决办法。 【答案】What we need 【详解】考查主语从句。根据句中is可知，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，空处表示“我们所需要的……”，应用what引导主语从句，从句主语“我们”使用代词we，“需要”need，连接词what在从句中作need的宾语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What we need。 3． was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 【答案】What concerned/worried him most 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。根据句意以及提示的内容，表示“他最担忧的是”可理解为“使他最担忧的是”为what引导主语从句，在从句中what作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，结合主句的谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，从句使用一般过去时，“使担忧”为动词concern/worry，宾语“他”使用宾格代词him；表示最高级用most，所以，表示“使他最担忧的”为concerned/worried him most。故填What concerned/worried him most。 4． was a man lying on the ground. 引起这次事故的是一个躺在地上的人。 【答案】What caused the accident 【详解】考查主语从句。结合后文的was可知句子时态为一般过去时，“引起这次事故”作主语，应用主语从句，“引起”为动词cause，使用过去式caused，“这次事故”翻译为the accident，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what引导主语从句，且句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句首单词首字母大写，故填What caused the accident。 5．我突然想到，我可以让我爸爸帮助我走出这个道德困境。 → I could ask my father to help me step out of my moral dilemma. → to ask my father to help me step out of my moral dilemma. 【答案】 It occurred to/struck/hit me that It occurred to me 【详解】考查形式主语和主语从句。根据中英文提示可知，第一题，空后为完整句子，表示“某人突然想到”可用it occurred to/struck/hit sb. that，其中“it”为形式主语，that后从句为主语从句，且本句为对过去情况的描述，应用一般过去时；第二题，空后为不定式结构，所以表示“某人突然想到”应用occur相关句式it occur to sb.，其中“it”为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，且本句为对过去情况的描述，应用一般过去时，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It occurred to/struck/hit me that；It occurred to me。　　　 6． Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 可能美洲原住民至少1.5万年前就来到了加利福尼亚。 【答案】It is likely that 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意句所给句子可知，此处表示“可能”，应用固定句型It is likely that…，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，其中that引导主语从句作真正主语，it为形式主语，位于句首单词，首字母需大写。故填It is likely that。 7． was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives. 幸存者们试图做的是为拯救他们生命的英雄们建造一座纪念碑。 【答案】What the survivors attempted to do 【详解】考查主语从句。由句意可知，空处表示“幸存者们试图做的”，作主语，应用主语从句表达；名词suvivor表示“幸存者”，动词短语attempt to do意为“试图做某事”，连接词在从句中作宾语，表示“做的事情”，应用连接代词what引导；由“was”可知，该句应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，故该从句译为What the survivors attempted to do。故填What the survivors attempted to do。 8． then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。 【答案】What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。对比中英文可知，空处表示“早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方”，为主语，可用意为“……的东西/事情”的连接代词what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语，“早先作为”可用动词短语start as，“住宅区”可用名词短语a residential area，“中国移民的”可用介词for和名词短语Chinese immigrants搭配，作area的后置定语，且从句描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants。 9． is the unique teaching style of the Schoolteacher of the year. 令这些“不可教的”学生大为惊奇的是这位年度教师的独特的教学方式。（amaze） 【答案】What amazes these “unteachable” students greatly 【详解】考查时态、主语从句。表示“令这些‘不可教的’学生大为惊奇的”用主语从句表达；从句主语指物，用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“使惊奇”用amaze，根据空后的is可知，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语what为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数amazes；表示“这些‘不可教的’学生”用these “unteachable” students，作宾语；表示“非常”用greatly，作状语。故填What amazes these “unteachable” students greatly。 10． is not important. 谁打的长途电话并不重要。 【答案】Who made the long distance call 【详解】考查主语从句和动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“谁打的长途电话”，作主语，可用表示“谁”的连接代词who引导主语从句，who在从句中也作主语，“打长途电话”可用动词短语make the long distance call，且此处应该是叙述过去发生的事，时态宜用一般过去时，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Who made the long distance call。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1．Every year, anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (句型转换) →Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：每年，制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。此处为连接词引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，替代anyone who，表示“任何人”。故填whoever。 2．People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. (句型转换) → what people do has little effect on the environment. 【答案】It is assumed that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：人们认为他们所做的事情对环境几乎没有影响。原句People assume that“人们认为”，其中that引导宾语从句，使用一般现在时，可以替换为It is assumed that“人们认为”，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。故填It is assumed that。 3．Whether we can succeed or not. It depends on our efforts.(合并成一个句子) 【答案】Whether we can succeed or not depends on our efforts. 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们能否成功取决于我们的努力。原句中 “Whether we can succeed or not” 是主语从句，表示 “我们是否能够成功” 这一概念整体作句子的主语，是单数，用“depends on our efforts” 作谓语部分，表示 “取决于我们的努力”。合并后 “Whether we succeed or not” 直接作主语，整个句子结构为主语从句作主语的主从复合句，清晰地表达出成功与否取决于努力这一语义关系。故答案为Whether we can succeed or not depends on our efforts. 4．I don’t know whether he will come. (改为主语从句) not clear. 【答案】Whether he will come is 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他是否会来还不清楚。改为主语从句时将原句中的宾语从句“whether he will come”置于句首，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；空后not clear作表语，主句谓语动词用be动词单数形式is。故填Whether he will come is。 5．Apparently, we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty. (句型转换) → we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】It is apparent that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：显然，我们应该花点时间来简单地看一下唐朝的历史。原句为apparently作状语，可以转换为“it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语”结构，结合句意，该句描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时态，所以该句型转换为it is apparent that，其中apparent意为“明显的”作表语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填It is apparent that。 6．It is most significant that people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces. (改为What 引导主语从句) 【答案】What is most significant is that people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最重要的是，人们与自然和谐相处，创造了这些梯田。此处改为主语从句，从句“最重要的是”缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，主语从句部分为What is most significant，后跟be动词，且应用单数形式。故改为What is most significant is that people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces. 7．That light travels in straight lines is known to us all. → light travels in straight lines. 【答案】It is known to us all that 【详解】考查it形式主语和主语从句。句意：我们都知道光沿直线传播。根据原句可知that连接的主语从句，所以把that从句位于句尾，应用it作形式主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填It is known to us all that。 8．Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided. → they will sell the house. (句型转换) 【答案】It hasn't been decided yet whether 【详解】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意：他们是否出售这所房子还没有决定。对比原句，把主语从句位于句末，用it作形式主语，故转换为It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house.故填It hasn't been decided yet whether。 9．That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. → he suddenly fell ill last month. 【答案】It surprised us that 【详解】考查形式主语和主语从句。句意：他上个月突然病了，这使我们很吃惊。对比原句，把主语从句置于句末，用it作形式主语，故转换为It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month，故填It surprised us that。 10．You are likely to overcome any difficulties and achieve great success in your career with your determination and hard work.(同义句改写) you will overcome any difficulties and achieve great success in your career with your determination and hard work. 【答案】 It’s likely that 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：凭借你的决心和努力，你很可能克服任何困难，在事业上取得巨大成功。sb be likely to do“有可能做某事”可转换为句式It’s likely that sb...有可能做某事。根据句意，故填It’s likely that。 Ⅳ.翻译 1．令我们惊讶的是，到那天结束时，它已经获得了全世界社交媒体用户的关注，获得了成千上万的分享和点赞。（主语从句；v.-ing作状语） 【答案】What surprised us was that by the end of that day, it had gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving thousands of shares and likes. 【详解】考查主语从句和现在分词。分析句意，该句为主系表结构，主语可用主语从句表达，表示“令我们惊讶的”，译为What surprised us，连接代词“What”在句中作宾语，表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时；该句谓语为be动词was，表示“是”；表语可用连接词that引导的表语从句表达，表示“到那天结束时，它已经获得了全世界社交媒体用户的关注，获得了成千上万的分享和点赞”，介词短语by the end of that day意为“到那天结束时”，应用过去完成时，表示截止到过去已经完成的动作，故“它已经获得了全世界社交媒体用户的关注”译为it had gained the attention of social media users all over the world，“获得了成千上万的分享和点赞”在句中作伴随状语，可用现在分词形式表达，译为receiving thousands of shares and likes。故全句译为What surprised us was that by the end of that day, it had gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving thousands of shares and likes.。 2．值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。（survive） 【答案】It is worth mentioning that the imaginative writer survived the plane crash. 【详解】考查时态、固定句型、主语从句。表示“值得一提的是……”用固定句型it is worth mentioning that...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，be worth doing sth.“值得做某事” 为固定短语。主语从句中：表示“这位富有想象力的作家”用the imaginative writer作主语，表示“幸存”用survive，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式survived；表示“这次空难” 用the plane crash，作宾语。故翻译为：It is worth mentioning that the imaginative writer survived the plane crash. 3．该城市是否已经下定决心采取有效措施减少碳足迹需拭目以待。（remain） 【答案】Whether the city has made up its mind to take effective measures to reduce its carbon footprint remains to be seen. 【详解】考查名词性从句和固定搭配。“该城市是否已经下定决心采取有效措施减少碳足”可以用whether引导的主语从句表示；“该城市”翻译为the city；“已经下定决心……”翻译为has made up its mind to do；“采取有效措施减少碳足迹”翻译为take effective measures to reduce its carbon footprint；句首主语从句翻译为Whether the city has made up its mind to take effective measures to reduce its carbon footprint；“需拭目以待”用固定搭配remain to be seen表示；名词从句作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。故整句翻译为Whether the city has made up its mind to take effective measures to reduce its carbon footprint remains to be seen. 4．九寨沟给我印象最深的是色彩斑斓的湖泊和令人惊叹的瀑布。(what引导主语从句；Jiuzhaigou; waterfalls) 【答案】What impressed me most about Jiuzhaigou was the colorful lakes and the amazing waterfalls. 【详解】考查短语、时态和名词性从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据要求用“what引导主语从句”，所以“给我印象最深的是”翻译为What impressed me most about...；从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“色彩斑斓的湖泊”翻译为the colorful lake；“令人惊叹的瀑布”翻译为the amazing waterfall。故翻译为What impressed me most about Jiuzhaigou was the colorful lakes and the amazing waterfalls. 5．直到那时我才明白，我们永远不该把爱视为理所当然，这催促我去感恩。（only 放句首倒装） 【答案】Only then did it dawn on me that we should never take love for granted, which urged me to be grateful. 【详解】考查倒装句、主语从句、固定短语、定语从句。表示“只有那时”应用only then，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“某人突然意识到”应用it dawns on sb. that...，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式dawned，“only+状语”位于句首，句子使用部分倒装，将助动词did放在主语it前。主语从句中：表示“我们”应用we，作主语；表示“应该”应用情态动词should；表示“把某事视为理所当然”应用take sth. for granted，位于情态动词should后，take用原形；表示“爱”用love，作take的宾语；表示“从不”用never。表示“这催促我去感恩”应用定语从句，定语从句中：定语从句修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“催促某人做某事”用urge sb. to do sth.，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式urged；表示“我”用me，作宾语；表示“感恩”用be grateful，位于不定式符号to后，be用原形。故翻译成：Only then did it dawn on me that we should never take love for granted, which urged me to be grateful. 6．我突然想到父亲的爱就像阳光，带给我坚定和热情去追逐我的梦想。 【答案】It suddenly hit me that my father’s love is the sunshine that brings me firmness and enthusiasm to pursue my dream. 【详解】考查固定句型，时态，主语从句和定语从句。“我突然想到”描述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，是固定句型It suddenly hit me that...，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，“父亲的爱就像阳光，带给我坚定和热情去追逐我的梦想”描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“父亲的爱”是my father’s love，“就像阳光”是is the sunshine，“带给我坚定和热情去追逐我的梦想”用that引导定语从句，修饰sunshine，“带给我坚定和热情”是bring me firmness and enthusiasm，that指代的先行词sunshine是不可数名词，因此bring用第三人称单数，“去追逐我的梦想”用不定式表目的，译为to pursue my dream，因此整句话翻译为“It suddenly hit me that my father’s love is the sunshine that brings me firmness and enthusiasm to pursue my dream”。故答案为It suddenly hit me that my father’s love is the sunshine that brings me firmness and enthusiasm to pursue my dream. 7．说不同语言的人是否会有不同的思维方式，这个问题已经争论了数千年。(What) 【答案】What has been discussed for thousands of years is the problem of whether those who speak different languages have different ways of thinking. 【详解】考查名词性从句和定语从句。给定句子可转换语序，将“已经争论了数千年的东西”作为句子主语，使用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，句首单词首字母大写，“争论”discuss，由“已经”可知，从句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，且discuss与what之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，即has been discussed，“数千年”for thousands of years；主句陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词为be，what引导从句作主语，be动词使用is，表语“……的问题”译为the problem of，后接宾语从句，使用whether“是否”引导宾语从句，从句主语“说不同语言的人”those who speak different languages，其中who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，谓语同样用一般现在时描述客观事实，“有”译为have，从句主语是those，谓语动词使用原形形式，后接宾语“不同的思维方式”different ways of thinking。故翻译为What has been discussed for thousands of years is the problem of whether those who speak different languages have different ways of thinking. 8．如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 【答案】How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。“如何实现这一目标”用主语从句表达，连接副词how在主语从句中作方式状语，从句谓语动词do (做)用情态动词的被动语态could be done，challenging (挑战性的)，question (问题)，a challenging question (一个颇具挑战性的问题)，at the time (当时)提示事情已发生，时态一般过去时，再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. 9．使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。(主语从句) 【答案】What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 【详解】考查主语从句，时态和短语。根据中文意思，主句主语是“使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因”，根据句意表示过去发生的事情推测，用might have done，表示“……的（原因）”用what引导主语从家，故翻译为What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist， such an outstanding and creative scientist表示“如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家”，之后是谓语动词用系动词was，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，表述“可能是”，用probably修饰，后接表语，即“他对其他事物的强烈兴趣”，译为his strong interest in other things，“比如音乐和绘画”译为such as music and drawing，故译为What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 10．撒那个善意的谎言是否有意义，这件事让 Anne 忧心忡忡。(worthwhile, weigh) 【答案】Whether telling that white lie is worthwhile weighs heavily on Anne’s mind. 【详解】考查主语从句，动词时态和形容词。表示“撒那个善意的谎言”用动词短语tell that white lie，此处使用动名词作主语，表示“值得的，有意义”用形容词worthwhile；表示“是否”用whether，此处用其引导主语从句；句子表述客观事实，使用一般现在时，be用第三人称单数形式is；同时表示“让某人忧心忡忡”用weigh heavily on one’s mind，此处使用副词heavily作状语修饰动词weigh，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词weigh用第三人称单数形式weighs，故翻译为Whether telling that white lie is worthwhile weighs heavily on Anne’s mind. 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