专题02 Unit 2 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1．The charge against the doctor was dismissed in the   (absent) of any positive proof. 2． the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. 3． (devote) herself to the cause of science, she didn’t have time to take care of her family. 4．We observe that the first calls for adorable (transform) did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution. 5．What the native must not do is to sit around at home feeling sorry himself. 6．Trends toward the globalization of industry have (dramatic) affected steak production in California. 7．The pyramid essential structure would be (compose) of 55 smaller pyramids stacked five high. 8．Daniel’s early (expose) to motor racing did not excite his interest. 9．Listening to a piece of light music has a good effect your sleeping. 10．Schools were closed that day in view the heavy snowstorm. 11．At the debate, students held different (view) on the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Both sides tried very hard to persuade each other. 12．We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient (expose) to nature. 13．As more and more foreigners start to study Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 14．The giant panda is a famous symbol of China and one of the most adorable (creature) across the globe. 15．The school pays for heating and the (maintain) of the buildings. 16．Scientists worry that (expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 17．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 18．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) 19．Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high (frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 20．The (original) of the world remains unclear. 21．In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long (distant) carrying heavy spring onions. 22．I opened the box and saw a (greet) card with “Happy Birthday” in the blank wrapper. 23．She works as an (assist) to the manager. 24．While the math problem was (incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 25．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 26．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 27． we will hold a sports meeting in our school is certain. 28．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. So you’d better try to adjust to (live) here. 29．The staff at the local travel (agent) will make all the arrangements for you if you have no time to make a travel plan. 30．Scientists are (constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward. 31．It is suggested that such figures (calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. 32．When minerals are extracted from land surface mines, grasses and trees must be removed, (cause) erosion of the bare earth. 33．David said it was because of his strong interest in literature he chose the course. 34．The band is comprised two guitarists, a drummer and a lead singer. 35．By the time the group got up to leave, it (be) pouring outside. 36．By the time she (get) home, her parents will have prepared some delicious food for her. 37．I’m sorry to know that you feel upset having trouble in fitting in with your classmates in the new school. 38．They a decline in the sales of the product and their came true finally. (predict) 39．When you have seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up (believe) that anything is possible. 40．It has been calculated the (globe) space economy actually bring great economic value. Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! Due to the near 1 (absent) of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, 2 are more like large cupboards. Our main mission in space is 3 (conduct) scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4 animals and plants. The space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we 5 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 6 (challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. Most food in space 7 (dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 8 (consider) low gravity's negative effects, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially 9 (design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around. As the space station travels at 10 speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. Passage 2 Living in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream. My six-month stay on a space station 11 (come) to an end, and it has been 12 challenging but magical adventure. I bet you’d love to know what daily life is 13 up in space and how it differs from 14 on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! The 15 (strange) of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep. The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be 16 (extreme) rewarding. The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station. In view of the low-gravity environment, 17 (eat) is also different in space. Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts, health. We have to 18 (tie) onto specially designed exercise equipment 19 (stop) ourselves from floating around. During our leisure time, there’s nothing we like more than to sit back 20 the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home. Passage 3 Living in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream. My six-month stay on a space station 21 (end), and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. First of all, sleeping in space is not easy. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach 22 (we) when sleeping so that we don’t float around. Our routine tasks are demanding but 23 (extreme) rewarding, 24 include the main mission—conduct scientific research, both biological experiments and experiments in other research fields. The 25 (challenging) work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station. In the 26 (circumstance), it’s time 27 a spacewalk, which is probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. In addition, 28 is also different in view of the low-gravity environment is eating. Most food is dried or freeze-dried, and fresh food is 29 luxury. Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. We like to sit back together, 30 (watch) our remarkable planet go by and taking pictures for our family and friends. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. Passage 4 Are we alone in the universe? Scientists have spent years 31 (search) deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet. Now they've discovered what might be life on Venus. Venus is the second planet from the sun in our solar system. It's one of 32 brightest objects in the night sky. Several billion years ago, the surfaces of Venus and Earth may have been 33 (similar) than now. But today, the surface of Venus is too hot for life. And until recently, Venus's thick clouds were thought to be too poisonous for a living thing 34 (survive) there. 35 September 14, in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists reported the discovery of a chemical 36 (call) phosphine(磷化氢)in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, the phosphine gas 37 (give) off by living things. Scientists aren't yet able to prove that life on Venus is 38 is producing the phosphine. But they can't explain the source of the gas in any other way. The discovery of life beyond Earth would teach us more about the universe 39 our place in it. To Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist of Harvard University, it would say something about our 40 (important). “I like finding out that we as humans aren't that special,” she says. Passage 5 Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know 41 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 42 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don't float around. Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 43 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 44 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 45 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 46 view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze-dried and they must drink water through 47 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 48 (stop) themselves from floating around. During 49 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 50 (take) pictures for their family and friends. Passage 6 （2025浙江省湖州市高二上学期期末统考英语试题） Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 51 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 52 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased. By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 53 (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 54 is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 55 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 56 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria. Xia Yitong, 57 co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 58 (incredible) expensive. He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 59 the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 60 (transport) from Earth.” ( 1 / 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1．The charge against the doctor was dismissed in the   (absent) of any positive proof. 【答案】absence 【解析】考查名词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，对医生的指控被驳回了。空处需填名词absence，作宾语，in the absence of... 为固定搭配，意为“缺乏……”。故填absence。 2． the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. 【答案】In 【解析】考查介词。句意：由于没有实际数据，不能依赖这样的数字。in the absence of 是固定短语，表示 “缺乏……”。故填 In。 3． ___________(devote) herself to the cause of science, she didn’t have time to take care of her family. 【答案】Devoting 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：全身心投入科学事业，她没有时间照顾她的家人。此处为非谓语动词短语作状语，且devote和主语she之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，该单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Devoting。 4．We observe that the first calls for adorable (transform) did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution. 【答案】transformation 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们观察到，对可爱转变的最初呼吁直到工业革命时期才开始。空处作介词for的宾语，所以用名词。transform的名词形式为transformation“转变”。故填transformation。 5．What the native must not do is to sit around at home feeling sorry himself. 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当地人绝不应该做的事情就是坐在家里为自己感到难过。根据句意及空前“feeling sorry”可知，空处应填介词for，构成短语feel sorry for oneself意为“为自己感到难过；垂头丧气”，为固定搭配。故填for。 6．Trends toward the globalization of industry have (dramatic) affected steak production in California. 【答案】dramatically 【解析】考查副词。句意：工业全球化的趋势显著地影响了加州的牛排生产。根据句意及空后动词affected可知，空处作状语，修饰动词affected，应用所给提示词的副词形式dramatically“显著地”。故填dramatically。 7．The pyramid essential structure would be (compose) of 55 smaller pyramids stacked five high. 【答案】composed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：金字塔的基本结构将由55个小金字塔组成，这些小金字塔堆叠在一起，高5层。设空处为句子的谓语，和句子的主语The pyramid essential structure 之间是被动关系，空前为would，应为would be done的形式。故填composed。 8．Daniel’s early (expose) to motor racing did not excite his interest. 【答案】exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：Daniel早年接触赛车并没有激起他的兴趣。Daniel’s early后跟名词，expose的名词是exposure，是不可数名词，意为“暴露，接触”。故填exposure。 9．Listening to a piece of light music has a good effect your sleeping. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：听一首轻音乐对你的睡眠有很好的影响。解析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：have an effect on意为“对…有影响”。故填on。 10．Schools were closed that day in view the heavy snowstorm. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：由于暴风雪，那天学校都停课了。解析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in view of意为“鉴于”。故填of。 11．At the debate, students held different (view) on the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Both sides tried very hard to persuade each other. 【答案】views 【解析】考查名词。句意：在辩论中，学生们对互联网的优缺点有不同的看法。双方都非常努力地说服对方。句中view表示“看法，见解”，是可数名词，前边由different修饰，名词应用复数形式，作held的宾语。故填views。 12．We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient (expose) to nature. 【答案】exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过确保充分接触大自然来解决学生常见的眼睛问题。空处作ensuring的宾语，被sufficient修饰，expose的名词形式exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。 13．As more and more foreigners start to study Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 【答案】 the a innovation 【解析】考查冠词和名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、创新发展和包容性。解析句子句子可知，第一空特指中国语言，即汉语，所以应用定冠词；第二空考查have a better understanding of，表“更好地了解”，为固定搭配；第三空应填名词作介词后宾语，innovation，表“创新”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填the；a；innovation。 14．The giant panda is a famous symbol of China and one of the most adorable (creature) across the globe. 【答案】creatures 【解析】考查名词。句意：大熊猫是中国著名的象征，也是全球最可爱的动物之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 是固定结构，意思是 “…… 中最…… 之一”，此处 “creature” 表示 “动物；生物”，是可数名词，故填creatures。 15．The school pays for heating and the (maintain) of the buildings. 【答案】maintenance 【解析】考查名词。句意：学校支付暖气和建筑物的维护费用。作介词的宾语用名词maintenance，不可数。故填maintenance。 16．Scientists worry that (expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 【答案】exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：科学家担心身体暴露在强烈的阳光下可能是有害的。expose作动词使用时，其名词形式为exposure，表示“暴露”作主语，因此填exposure。 17．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 【答案】casting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们飞到海滩上空，投下一大片阴影。句子已有谓语动词flew，动词cast“投射”用作非谓语形式，描述伴随状况，与逻辑主语They是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式casting作状语。故填casting。 18．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) 【答案】 occupying occupation 【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：教学占据了她的心思，她就不太关心与她的职业无关的事情了。第一空是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，occupy和宾语teaching之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空作宾语，结合her可知，使用名词occupation“职业”。故填①occupying；②occupation。 19．Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high (frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 【答案】frequency 【解析】考查名词。句意：为了保护建筑物和挽救生命，地震频发的城市都设置了减震器。根据句子结构，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语，frequent的名词形式是frequency，意为 “频率”。故填frequency。 20．The (original) of the world remains unclear. 【答案】origin 【解析】考查名词。句意：世界的起源仍然不清楚。空格处作主语，应该用名词origin“起源”，根据谓语动词remains可知，应该用单数形式。故填origin。 21．In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long (distant) carrying heavy spring onions. 【答案】distance 【解析】考查名词。句意：就这样，他们知道扛着沉重的大葱走很远的路是什么感觉。long是形容词，修饰名词，distant的名词是distance，意为“距离”，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填distance。 22．I opened the box and saw a (greet) card with “Happy Birthday” in the blank wrapper. 【答案】greeting 【解析】考查名词。句意：我打开盒子，看到一个写着“生日快乐”的贺卡在空白的包装纸里。本空用名词greeting“问候，致意”，作定语，修饰名词card。故填greeting。 23．She works as an (assist) to the manager. 【答案】assistant 【解析】考查名词。句意：她做经理的助理。短语work as意为“担任；以……身份而工作”，设空处应填名词作介词as的宾语，空前有不定冠词an，故为单数形式的名词。assist为动词，其名词形式assistant，意为“助理，助手”。故填assistant。 24．While the math problem was (incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 【答案】incredibly 【解析】考查副词。句意：虽然这道数学题很难，约翰还是把它解出来了。空处修饰形容词difficult，应用incredible的副词形式incredibly，意为“非常地”，作状语。故填incredibly。 25．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 【答案】investment 【解析】考查名词。句意：这条高速公路投资302亿元，将于明年年底通车。根据前面的不定冠词 an可知，这里需要填一个名词investment，作宾语。故填investment。 26．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 【答案】is calculated/has been calculated 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：据计算，未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长。It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，即“未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长”这件事，与“计算”之间为被动关系，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态is calculated，也可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经完成，也可填has been calculated。故填is calculated/has been calculated。 27． we will hold a sports meeting in our school is certain. 【答案】That 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我们将在学校举行运动会这一点是确定的。设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分也不缺少意义，应用连接词that，因位于句首，首字母大写。故填That。 28．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. So you’d better try to adjust to (live) here. 【答案】living 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：入乡随俗。所以你最好试着适应这里的生活。短语adjust to doing sth.表示“适应做某事”。故填living。 29．The staff at the local travel (agent) will make all the arrangements for you if you have no time to make a travel plan. 【答案】agency 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你没有时间制定旅行计划，当地旅行社的工作人员会为你安排一切。此处应填名词agency“代理机构，旅行社”，作at的宾语。故填agency。 30．Scientists are (constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward. 【答案】constantly 【解析】考查副词。句意：科学家们不断地开发新技术来推动社会的发展进程。此处修饰动词developing应用所给词的副词constantly。故填constantly。 31．It is suggested that such figures (calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. 【答案】 be calculated/ should be calculated 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议用手计算这些数字，而不要用计算器。解析句子的结构可知，该句为it作形式主语的主语从句，在含有suggest表示“建议”时，从句应用“should +动原”的形式，其中should可以省略，设空处和figures之间是被动关系。故填should be calculated或者be calculated。 32．When minerals are extracted from land surface mines, grasses and trees must be removed, (cause) erosion of the bare earth. 【答案】causing 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：当从地表矿井中提取矿物质时，草和树必须被移除，导致裸露的土地受到侵蚀。设空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，cause与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以此处应用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。 33．David said it was because of his strong interest in literature he chose the course. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型。句意：大卫说是因为他对文学的浓厚兴趣，他才选择了这门课程。本句话考查强调句型，其结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他部分”，本句话强调原因状语，应用that。故填that。 34．The band is comprised two guitarists, a drummer and a lead singer. 【答案】of 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：该乐团由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名主唱组成。be comprised of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，符合句意。故填of 35．By the time the group got up to leave, it (be) pouring outside. 【答案】had been 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：当这群人起身准备离开时，外面已经下起了倾盆大雨。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语by the time the group got up to leave，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，故填had been。 36．By the time she (get) home, her parents will have prepared some delicious food for her. 【答案】gets 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当她回家的时候，她的父母会为她准备一些美味的食物。the time引导的是时间状语从句，结合主语将来完成时可知，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语she是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填gets。 37．I’m sorry to know that you feel upset having trouble in fitting in with your classmates in the new school. 【答案】about 【解析】考查介词。句意：知道你为在新学校难以融入同学而难过，我心里不好受。根据上文feel upset和下文内容可知，此处为短语feel upset about (doing) sth.，表示“为……感到难过”，故应填介词about。故填about。 38．They a decline in the sales of the product and their came true finally. (predict) 【答案】 predicted prediction 【解析】考查动词和名词。句意：他们预测这种产品的销量会下降，而他们的预测最终实现了。根据下文的came可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以第一空格处用动词的过去式形式predicted；第二空格处是主语的位置，所以用提示词的名词形式prediction作主语。故答案为①predicted；②prediction。 39．When you have seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up (believe) that anything is possible. 【答案】believing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你看到一个人在月球上行走时，你就会相信一切皆有可能。句中谓语是grow，空格处用非谓语动词，you和believe之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填believing。 40．It has been calculated the (globe) space economy actually bring great economic value. 【答案】 that global 【解析】考查连词和形容词。句意：计算表明，全球空间经济实际上带来了巨大的经济价值。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是第一个空格后的部分，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用that引导；第二个空格处修饰后面的名词space，应该用形容词global。故填that；global。 Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! Due to the near 1 (absent) of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, 2 are more like large cupboards. Our main mission in space is 3 (conduct) scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4 animals and plants. The space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we 5 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 6 (challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. Most food in space 7 (dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 8 (consider) low gravity's negative effects, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially 9 (design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around. As the space station travels at 10 speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. 【答案】1．absence 2．which 3．to conduct 4．on 5．constantly 6．challenging 7．is dried 8．Considering 9．designed 10．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过描述太空中的日常生活、科学任务、食物供应、锻炼习惯以及空间站外部工作的挑战等方面，向读者介绍了太空生活的特点和所需应对的特殊情况。 1．考查名词。句意：由于太空中几乎不存在重力，我们必须将自己固定住，以免四处漂浮。解析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当宾语。故填absence。 2．考查定语从句。句意：我们通常在私人舱室中睡觉，这些舱室更像是大型衣柜。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“quarters”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在太空中的主要任务是进行科学研究。非谓语动词担当表语，表示“要做的事情”，用动词不定式形式。故填to conduct。 4．考查介词。句意：我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。固定搭配：the effects on，意为“对……的影响”，符合句意。故填on。 5．考查副词。句意：空间站需要大量的维护，因此我们不断检查支持系统并进行一些清洁工作。解析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词“check support systems”。故填constantly。 6．考查形容词。句意：最具挑战性的工作是在空间站外部执行任务，如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站。解析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“work”，意为“富有挑战的”。故填challenging。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：太空中的大多数食物都是干燥或冷冻干燥的，因为新鲜的水果和蔬菜每隔几个月才能从地球送到空间站。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“most food”，不可数名词，和动词“dry”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is dried。 8．考查介词。句意：考虑到低重力的负面影响，我们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。解析句子成分可知，空处为介词形式，担当状语，意为“考虑到……”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Considering。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须将自己绑在特制的健身器材上，以防止自己漂浮起来。非谓语动词担当定语，表示“设计的”，表示被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填designed。 10．考查冠词。句意：由于空间站以每小时约17,500英里的速度飞行，我们每90分钟就能看到一次日出。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰；构成固定搭配：at a speed of，意为“以……速度”，符合句意。故填a。 Passage 2 Living in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream. My six-month stay on a space station 11 (come) to an end, and it has been 12 challenging but magical adventure. I bet you’d love to know what daily life is 13 up in space and how it differs from 14 on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! The 15 (strange) of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep. The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be 16 (extreme) rewarding. The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station. In view of the low-gravity environment, 17 (eat) is also different in space. Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts, health. We have to 18 (tie) onto specially designed exercise equipment 19 (stop) ourselves from floating around. During our leisure time, there’s nothing we like more than to sit back 20 the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home. 【答案】11．has come 12．a 13．like 14．that 15．strangeness 16．extremely 17．eating 18．be tied 19．to stop 20．with 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自己在太空站的六个月的奇妙经历。 11．考查时态。句意：在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但神奇的冒险。根据and可知，前后时态一致，为现在完成时，主语stay为单数，故填has come。 12．考查冠词。句意：在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但神奇的冒险。此处表示泛指一次冒险，应使用不定冠词，且challenging发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 13．考查介词。句意：我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有何不同——低重力肯定会让普通的事情变得奇怪！此处对事物的性质进行提问，应使用介词like，表示“像”，故填like。 14．考查代词。句意：我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有何不同——低重力肯定会让普通的事情变得奇怪！此处表示前面提到的同类事物daily life，为单数，应使用that，故填that。 15．考查名词。句意：从我们睡觉的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就显而易见了。此处应使用名词作主语，应使用strangeness，为不可数名词，故填strangeness。 16．考查副词。句意：占据一天大部分时间的日常任务要求很高，但也可能是非常有回报的。此处应使用副词修饰形容词rewarding作状语，故填extremely。 17．考查动名词。句意：鉴于低重力环境，在太空中进食也有所不同。此处使用动名词作主语，故填eating。18．考查语态。句意：我们必须绑在专门设计的锻炼设备上，以防止自己四处漂浮。have to do固定搭配，意为“不得不做”，主语we和动词tie是被动关系，所以此处应用be done的形式，放在不定式后面，故填be tied。 19．考查动词不定式。句意：我们必须绑在专门设计的锻炼设备上，以防止自己四处漂浮。此处表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to stop。 20．考查介词。句意：在我们的休闲时间里，没有什么比和其他船员坐在一起，看着我们非凡的星球经过，为我们的家人和朋友在家里拍照更让我们喜欢的了。此处表示“和……一起”，应使用介词with，故填with。 Passage 3 Living in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream. My six-month stay on a space station 21 (end), and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. First of all, sleeping in space is not easy. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach 22 (we) when sleeping so that we don’t float around. Our routine tasks are demanding but 23 (extreme) rewarding, 24 include the main mission—conduct scientific research, both biological experiments and experiments in other research fields. The 25 (challenging) work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station. In the 26 (circumstance), it’s time 27 a spacewalk, which is probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. In addition, 28 is also different in view of the low-gravity environment is eating. Most food is dried or freeze-dried, and fresh food is 29 luxury. Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. We like to sit back together, 30 (watch) our remarkable planet go by and taking pictures for our family and friends. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. 【答案】21．has ended 22．ourselves 23．extremely 24．which 25．most challenging 26．circumstances 27．for 28．what 29．a 30．watching 【解析】本文是说明文。在太空生活是每一个想要成为宇航员的人的梦想。本文作者讲述了在空间站的生活。 21．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我在空间站为期六个月的驻扎已经结束了，这是一场充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。解析句子可知，end作谓语，由下文的has been可知，描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，时态为现在完成时，由下文的it可知，主语stay是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填has ended。 22．考查代词。句意：由于太空中几乎没有重力，睡觉的时候，我们必须把自己固定起来，这样才不会四处飘浮。根据句意，主语和宾语指代同一事物，宾语用反身代词，故填ourselves。 23．考查副词。句意：我们的日常事务要求很高，但也非常有意义，包括主要任务——进行科学研究，包括生物实验和其他研究领域的实验。修饰形容词rewarding用副词作状语，故填extremely。 24．考查定语从句。句意：我们的日常事务要求很高，但也非常有意义，包括主要任务——进行科学研究，包括生物实验和其他研究领域的实验。空处引导非限制性定语从句，解析可知，先行词是tasks，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 25．考查形容词最高级。句意：最具挑战性的工作出现在我们需要在空间站外面执行任务的时候。修饰名词用形容词challenging，根据上下文语境可知，此处用形容词最高级作定语，表示“最具挑战性的”，加most，故填most challenging。 26．考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，就要进行太空行走了，这很可能是最危险的工作，有潜在的风险，比如触电。冠词修饰名词，根据句意，用复数circumstances“境况；状况”。故填circumstances。 27．考查固定句型。句意：在这种情况下，就要进行太空行走了，这很可能是最危险的工作，有潜在的风险，比如触 电。It’s time for…是固定句型，表示“到了……时候了”，故填for。 28．考查主语从句。句意：此外，鉴于低重力环境，在太空吃饭也有所不同。解析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用从属连词what，表示“……的（东西）”。故填what。 29．考查冠词。句意：大多数食物都是脱水的或冷冻干燥的，吃到新鲜食物是一种难得的享受。luxury“不常有的乐趣；难得的享受”，常用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，luxury辅音音素开头，根据句意，故填a。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们喜欢坐在一起，看着我们非凡的星球经过，为我们的家人和朋友拍照。解析句子可知，watch用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语we是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填watching。 Passage 4 Are we alone in the universe? Scientists have spent years 31 (search) deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet. Now they've discovered what might be life on Venus. Venus is the second planet from the sun in our solar system. It's one of 32 brightest objects in the night sky. Several billion years ago, the surfaces of Venus and Earth may have been 33 (similar) than now. But today, the surface of Venus is too hot for life. And until recently, Venus's thick clouds were thought to be too poisonous for a living thing 34 (survive) there. 35 September 14, in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists reported the discovery of a chemical 36 (call) phosphine(磷化氢)in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, the phosphine gas 37 (give) off by living things. Scientists aren't yet able to prove that life on Venus is 38 is producing the phosphine. But they can't explain the source of the gas in any other way. The discovery of life beyond Earth would teach us more about the universe 39 our place in it. To Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist of Harvard University, it would say something about our 40 (important). “I like finding out that we as humans aren't that special,” she says. 【答案】31．searching 32．the 33．more similar 34．to survive 35．On 36．called 37．is given 38．what 39．and 40．importance 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。 【解析】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。spend time ( in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填searching, 2.考查冠词。句意：它是夜空中最明亮的物体之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级＋复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”。故填定冠词the。 3.考查形容词比较级。句意：几十亿年前，金星和地球的表面可能比现在更相似。由than可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填more similar。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：直到最近，人们还认为金星厚厚的云层有剧毒，生物无法在那里生存。too... to...太……而不能……。故填to survive。 5.考查介词。句意:9月14日,在《自然天文学》杂志上，科学家们报告说,在金星的云层中发现了一种名为磷化氢的化学物质。指在具体的某一天,用介词on。设空处位于句首,故填 On。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。名词chemical 与call之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。 7.考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意：在地球上，生物释放出磷化氢气体。这里陈述的是客观规律，用一般现在时。主语the phosphine gas 与 give off之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，且主语为the phosphine gas,故填is given。 8.考查名词性从句。句意：科学家们还不能证明金星上的生命是产生磷化氢的东西。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“产生磷化氢的东西”，所以用连接词what 。故填what。 9.考查连词。句意：地球之外生命的发现会使我们了解更多关于宇宙和我们在宇宙中的位置的信息。the universe与our place in it之间为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。 10.考查名词。句意：对哈佛大学天体化学家Sousa-Silva来说，它说明了我们的重要性。形容词性物主代词Passage 5 Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know 41 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 42 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don't float around. Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 43 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 44 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 45 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 46 view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze-dried and they must drink water through 47 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 48 (stop) themselves from floating around. During 49 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 50 (take) pictures for their family and friends. 【答案】41．what 42．absence 43．needing 44．constantly 45．challenging 46．In 47．a 48．to stop 49．their 50．taking 【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空的生活情况。 41．考查宾语从句。句意：人们想要知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，它与地球上的生活又有什么不同。“_____ daily life is like in space”和“how it differs from that on the Earth”是动词know后的并列宾语从句；第一个宾语从句缺少介词like的宾语，且意为“什么”，故填what。 42．考查名词。句意：由于太空中几乎没有重力，宇航员必须把自己固定住，这样他们就不会到处飘浮了。the是定冠词，of是介词，两个词中间应用名词，构成名词所有格，absence“缺席，没有”，抽象名词，不可数。故填absence。 43．考查with复合结构。句意：他们的主要任务是进行科学研究，而且空间站需要很多维护，他们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。“with the space station ______(need) a lot of maintenance”是 with复合结构作原因状语，其中的宾语the space station与need是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填needing。 44．考查副词。句意同上。check是动词，应用副词修饰作状语。故填constantly 。 45．考查形容词。句意：最具有挑战性的工作是在空间站外执行任务，在这种情况下，就要进行太空行走了。work在这里是名词，应用形容词修饰，challenging“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。 46．考查介词和短语。句意：鉴于低重力环境，在太空中进食的情况亦有所不同，因为大部分食物是烘干或冻干的，而且他们必须通过一根细塑料管从袋子里喝水。in view of是固定短语，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，符合句意。所填词位于句首，故填In。 47．考查不定冠词。句意同上。这里的“一根细塑料管”是第一次提到，表泛指，应用不定冠词。thin 以辅音音素开头，故填a。 48．考查不定式。句意：运动对他们的健康至关重要，而且他们必须被固定在特殊的运动器材上，以防止自己四处飘浮。“防止自己四处飘浮”是“固定在特殊器材上”的目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。49．考查代词。句意：在他们的闲暇时间，他们喜欢和其他船员坐下来，看着地球经过，为他们的家人和朋友拍照。leisure time是名词词组，应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。 50．考查现在分词。句意同上。句中已有谓语，设空处表示的动作与sit和 watch同时发生，应是伴随状语，且 take与其逻辑主语they是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填taking。 Passage 6 （2025浙江省湖州市高二上学期期末统考英语试题） Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 51 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 52 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased. By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 53 (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 54 is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 55 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 56 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria. Xia Yitong, 57 co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 58 (incredible) expensive. He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 59 the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 60 (transport) from Earth.” 【答案】51．it 52．were introduced 53．experiments 54．which 55．comparison 56．better 57．a 58．incredibly 59．to 60．to be transported 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国研究人员发现通过特殊细菌使土壤肥沃的新方法，及其对月球农业发展的潜在意义。 51．考查代词。句意：最近，中国的研究人员发现了一种使土壤变得肥沃的新方法，使得人类有可能在月球上发展农业。此处为“make+it+adj.+to do…”结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正主语，所以此处使用代词it。故填it。 52．考查动词时态和语态。句意：九月份，特殊的细菌被引入土壤中，结果他们发现植物的重要营养素磷增加了。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In September可在，此处使用一般过去时，且introduce与主语special bacteria之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为名词复数。故填were introduced。53．考查名词复数形式。句意：到2024年10月底，研究人员进行了多次实验，并最终成功了。此处为名词作宾语，experiment为可数名词，意为“实验”且空前有numerous修饰，此处使用复数形式。故填experiments。54．考查定语从句。句意：他们种植了一种与烟草植物有关的植物，并使用了来自吉林省长白山的火山土壤，这种土壤与月球土壤相似。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词volcanic soil指物，且在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 55．考查名词。句意：相比之下，在经过细菌处理的土壤中生长的植物比没有经过处理的土壤中的植物生长得更好。此处为名词作宾语，compare的名词为comparison意为“对比”，by comparison意为“相比之下”。故填comparison。 56．考查比较级。句意：相比之下，在经过细菌处理的土壤中生长的植物比没有经过处理的土壤中的植物生长得更好。根据空后的than可知，此处应是比较级形式，well的比较级为better意为“更好”。故填better。57．考查冠词。句意：作为研究的共同作者之一，夏一桐说，向月球上的人们提供食物、氧气和水将是非常昂贵的。co-author为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，且表示“一位共同作者”为泛指，因此需要使用不定冠词，co-author的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 58．考查副词。句意：作为研究的共同作者之一，夏一桐说，向月球上的人们提供食物、氧气和水将是非常昂贵的。此处使用副词修饰形容词expensive，incredible的副词为incredibly意为“非常，很”符合句意。故填incredibly。 59．考查介词。句意：他补充道：“月球上的植物栽培系统将满足人类长期的食物和氧气需求，从而对月球上的人类生活做出贡献。”此处为固定短语contribute to意为“对……做出贡献”符合句意，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他不需要土壤在月球上种植食物的计划更加昂贵，因为它们需要从地球上运输材料。根据require sb./sth. to do sth.可知，此处应为动词不定式形式作宾补，且transport与宾语materials之间为被动关系，所以此处为不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be transported。 ( 16 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$