Unit2 Lessons in Life【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记 · 巧练（外研版2019选择性必修第四册）

Unit 2 Lessons in Life Unit1 话题 艺术 词汇 1.outstretched adj.　　2.cram v．3.transparent adj.　4.vexed adj.5.absurd adj. 6.lean v. 7.Madame n. 8.stroke v.9.despair n．10．anticipate v．11．luxury n． 12．widespread adj.13．phrase n．14．fee n 短语 1．be reunited with(使)重聚 2．far from远非；绝不 3．make the most of充分利用 4．lose touch with和……失去联系 5．keep in touch with和……保持联系6．to the full充分地；彻底地 7．stick to坚持 8．search for寻找 9．burst out laughing突然笑起来10．be crammed with挤满…… 11．be dressed in穿着…… 12．be reluctant to不愿意…… 句型 1．It’s up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values. 2．Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! 3．You will see him every time you go to the window... 4．If any of you should find him，would you be so very kind as to give him back to us？ 语法 复习被动语态 写作 概要写作 考点1. weaken v.(使)虚弱;削弱;动摇 On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.一了解到莫里正因一种严重的疾病而变得虚弱,米奇就开始每周二去他家看望他。  【拓展】 (1) weak adj._________________ be weak in ______________ (2)weakness n.______________ weakness的反义词:strength______________ strengths and weaknesses______________ (3)weakly adv.______________ 【经典练】 ①The student is _____ in mathematics, but good at English. 这个学生不擅长数学,但英语学得好。 ②The recession has __________ so many businesses that many can no longer survive. 经济衰退削弱了很多企业的实力，以至于很多无法再生存下去。 ③ Either from pain or __________( weak), he fell to the floor in a dead faint.不知是由于疼痛还是虚弱，他倒在地板上昏倒了。 [名师提醒] (1)adj./n.＋­en→v. weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v．(使)虚弱 wide adj.宽的→widen v．(使)变宽 broad adj.宽的→broaden v．(使)变宽 sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen v．(使)变锋利 short adj.短的→shorten v．(使)变短 deep adj.深的→deepen v．(使)变深 length n．长度→lengthen v．(使)加长 strength n．力量，力气→strengthen v．(使)变强 (2)en­＋adj./n.→v. sure adj.肯定的→ensure v．保证，确保 able adj.能够的→enable v．使能够 large aaj.大的→enlarge v．扩大 danger n．危险→endanger v．使处于险境 courage n．勇气→encourage v．鼓励 【好句背默】 ④Social media websites do not ______( weak ) personal ties but ________( strength ) them in unique ways for different age groups.社交媒体网站不会削弱个人关系，而是以不同年龄群体的独特方式加强个人关系。 考点2.anticipate vt.预期,预料;预见;期待 As Morrie anticipates his own death, he observes everything as though through new eyes...当莫里预料到了自己生命的终结时,他好像(开始)用新的眼光观察所有的事物…… 【拓展】 (1)anticipate (...)doing sth._______________ It is anticipated that...　______________ (2)anticipation n.______________ in anticipation of... ______________ (3)anticipated adj.______________ 【经典练】 ①I______________to Suzhou and Hangzhou with my parents next year.我期待着明年和我的父母一起去苏州和杭州。 ②______________the price will go down in the near future.据预测,在不久的将来,物价会下降。 ③Judy bought many toys______________many children taking part in that party.预料到很多孩子会参加那场聚会,朱迪买了很多玩具。 【好句背默】 ④I had taken my coat and umbrella because______________________.我估计有雨，所以带着外套和伞。 考点3.point of view n.考虑角度;观点;看法(复数:points of view) After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.读完这本书之后,我觉得自己对这个世界有了更深的了解,可以从不同的角度看待事物了。  【拓展】 view n.看法;视野;风景;方式vt.观看;以……看待;把……视为 (1) from  one’s point of view ______________ in one’s view=in one’s opinion ______________ in view of ______________ have a good view of ______________ come into view ______________ a/the view on/about ______________ (2)view...as... ______________ 【经典练】 ①______________, this job is educational and fun. 在我看来,这份工作既有教育意义又有趣。 ②______________, the activity is of great significance since the students participating in it will benefit a lot. 在我看来,这次活动意义重大,因为参加这次活动的学生将受益匪浅。 ③______________ the present situation, we’ll have to change our original plan. 鉴于目前这种情况,我们将不得不改变我们原来的计划。 ④People can______________ the whole city from this tower. 人们从这座塔上可以清楚地看到整座城市。 ⑤As we turned the corner, the mountain______________. 当我们拐过弯时,那座山映入眼帘。 ⑥The car ______________a highly original one. 这辆车被认为是一辆独具匠心的车。 【好句背默】 ⑦When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation _________________.当你不同意你父母的观点时,花一分钟冷静下来,努力从他们的角度来理解情况。 考点4.get/be distracted by... 因……分心,因……心烦意乱 While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。 【拓展】 (1)distract vt. ______________ distract...from... ______________ distract sb.’s attention ______________ (2)distracting adj. ______________ distraction n. ______________ distracted adj. ______________ 【经典练】 ①Some parents worry that smartphones will______ children’s attention. 一些父母担心手机会分散孩子们的注意力。 ②As a senior school student, we shouldn't ______________ anything that is not relevant to our study. 作为一名高中生，我们不应该被任何与我们的学习无关的事情分心。 ③ Before you dive into working, writing or whatever else you need to do, turn off your cell phone and anything else that might prove to be ________.在你投入到工作、写作或其他任何需要做的事情之前，关掉你的手机和任何可能会分散你注意力的东西。 【好句背默】 ④There needs to be a broad public campaign to make people aware of the danger of ________ driving.有必要开展一场广泛飞公众运动，使人们意识到分心驾驶的危险。 考点5. possession n.财产,财物(常用复数);[U]拥有,具有 While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。 【拓展】 (1)in  possession of ______________ in the possession of sb./in sb.’s possession　______________ take/have possession of　______________ (2)possess vt.______________ possessor n.______________ 【经典练】 ①All customers travelling on TransLink services must be ______________a valid ticket before boarding. 所有使用运输联线服务的游客在上车前必须持有有效车票。 ②The picture which is on display in the museum now is ______________ Tom/in Tom’s possession. 目前在博物馆展出的那幅画为汤姆所有。 ③The gallery _________ a number of the famous artist’s early works. 这家画廊拥有许多那位著名画家的早期作品。 ④We have already bought a house but we won’t ______________ it until May. 我们已经买了房子,但要到五月份才能拥有它。据说一位年轻人将拥有这家公司。 考点6. recognition n.承认,认可;认出,识别 Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was... 尽管它得到了广泛的认可,但我的第一印象是……  【拓展】 (1) out of/beyond recognition______________ face/voice/fingerprint/image/handwriting recognition ______________ (2)recognize/recognise v.______________ recognize...as/to be... ______________ be recognized as... ______________ It is recognized that... ______________ (3)recognizable/recognisable adj.______________ 【经典练】 ①There is also image______________ AI that can_______ car plate numbers and human faces.还有能识别车牌号码和人脸的图像识别型人工智能。 ②Mona Lisa is widely recognized______one of the most famous paintings in the history of art.《蒙娜丽莎》被公认为美术史上最著名的画作之一。 ③______________ drug abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.人们普遍认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。 【好句背默】 ④My hometown has changed ______________ since I left here last time. 自从我上次离开我的家乡以来,这里已经变得让人认不出来了。 考点7. get through完成；通过(考试等)；渡过(难关)；打通(电话) A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!要读完这本书，你需要准备一盒纸巾！ 【拓展】 get in ______________ get around ______________ get over ______________ get along/on (with) ______________ 【经典练】 ①Although the two boys differ in character, they get along well _____ each other. 虽然这两个男孩性格不同，但他们相处得很好。 ②It will take a long time for his family to ______ what has happened here. 他的家人要花很长时间才能从这里发生的事情中恢复过来。 ③How did my secret _________ to all my friends so quickly? 我的秘密怎么这么快就传到我所有的朋友那里去了？ 【好句背默】 ④I managed to ______________ the hard times, and the pain was struck into my heart. 我设法熬过了那些困难时期，那伤痛是刻骨铭心的。 考点8. lose touch with与……失去联系;不再了解,不再意识到 Morrie’s reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I’ve lost touch with along the way. 莫里对爱和友谊的思考让我想到了自己的生活,想到了一路走来所有失去联系的好朋友。 (教材P20) 【拓展】 get in touch with sb. ______________ be/keep/stay in touch with sb. ______________ be/keep/stay in touch with sth. ______________ be out of touch with sb.______________ 【经典练】 ①I regret to say that I have______________ four or five friends so far. 遗憾地说,迄今为止我已经与四五个朋友失去了联系。 ②We’ve been ______________ with each other for years since we graduated from university. 自从大学毕业以来,我们彼此已经多年没有联系了。 ③Thanks to another friend’s help, finally they ______________ each other again. 多亏了另一个朋友的帮助,他们终于又和彼此联系上了。 【好句背默】 ④Nowadays many parents are/keep/stay ______________ their children who are at college by WeChat. 现在许多父母使用微信和他们上大学的孩子保持联系。 考点9.cooperate v.合作,协作 it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else 你如果和其他人合作,就更容易实现某事 【拓展】 cooperate　with   ______________ cooperation n.______________ in cooperation with ______________ cooperative adj.______________ 【经典练】 ①I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to________ with him. 他鼓舞人心的话打动了我,我决定与他合作。 ②The training courses were carried out in _________ with this university. 培训课程是与这所大学合作落实的。 ③These measures offer wider _________ space to businesses of the two countries. 这些措施为两国企业提供了更加广阔的合作空间。 【好句背默】 工人与管理层合作使产量增加了10%。 ④The workers,______________ the management, have increased output by 10 per cent. ⑤The workers,______________ the management, have increased output by 10 per cent. 考点10.rush into冲进（某地）;匆忙做…… A troop of HAPPINESSES rush into the hall, singing, “There they are! They see us!”一群“幸福”冲进大厅,唱着:“他们在那儿!他们看见我们了!” 【拓展】 (1) rush v.______________ n.______________ rush to sb./sth. ______________ rush to do sth.______________ rush out (of...)______________ rush sb./sth. to...______________ rush through ______________ (2)in a rush(=in a hurry)______________ a rush of anger/excitement/fear______________ 【经典练】 判断下列句子中rush的词性及含义 ①Don't rush into making a decision. You might regret it later. ______________ ②Once the boy was rushed to hospital,he was operated on by the best doctor. ______________ ③Why is it always such a rush to get ready in the morning? ______________ ④Suddenly the door burst open and Joe rushed in. ______________ 【好句背默】 ⑤Don’t______________ a decision on the important matter before thinking it over. 在重要的事情上,在没有仔细考虑之前,不要匆忙做出决定。 考点11.burst out laughing突然大笑起来；不禁大笑 All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.其他所有的幸福都哄然大笑。 【拓展】 (1) burst out laughing＝burst into laughter ______________ burst out crying＝burst into tears ______________ (2)burst with anger______________ burst with joy______________ (3)a burst of laughter/applause ______________ 【经典练】 ①On hearing the shocking news that her son couldn't recover after the operation, the mother ______________crying.一听到儿子手术后仍无法恢复的噩耗，这位母亲就突然大哭起来。 ②When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he ______________ tears. 当我递给他那张礼物卡，跟他说可以用它来买家里可能需要的任何东西时，他突然哭了起来。 考点12.cram v．挤满；把……塞进 Why, it is crammed with Happinesses!嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了！ 【拓展】 be crammed with ______________ cram sth. into... ______________ cram into ______________ 【经典练】 ①His life ______________ desire of possessing power and money, which caused his unhappiness and divorce. 他的生活中充满了权力欲和金钱欲，这导致了他的苦恼和离异。 ②Terry crammed the dirty clothes _____ his bag.特里把脏衣服塞进了包里。 ③We ______________ my car and set off.我们挤进我的小汽车里，出发了。 【好句背默】 The house is crammed ______ priceless furniture and works of art.房子里堆满了价值连城的家具和艺术品。 考点13.lean v．倚，靠；使斜靠 Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT，a little old woman leaning on a stick.邻居Berlingot，一位瘦小的老太太拄着拐杖进来了。 【拓展】 (1)lean against/on ______________ lean ... against/on... ______________ lean forward/back ______________ lean forward sb. ______________ (2)lean on______________ lean on each other for support______________ 【经典练】 ①He was ______________ the bridge, watching the boats go by.他靠在桥上，看着船来船往。 ②He _____ his bicycle against the fence.他把自行车倚靠在篱笆上。 ③They were ______________, facing each other.他们面对面身体前倾。 ④She ______________ him and listened.她探过身子去听他说。 【好句背默】 She walked slowly，______________.她倚靠着她儿子的手臂缓慢行走。 考点14.address n．地址；称呼；致辞；讲话；演讲 v.称呼；发表演说；写地址；处理/解决问题 Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.走到舞台前面，向观众致辞。 【拓展】 address sth.(to sb.)　 ______________ address sb. ______________ address sb.as/to be... ______________ 【经典练】 写出address 的含义 ①Most people call me Bob.How do I address you？ ______________ ②Mr.Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia. ______________ ③There is a letter addressed to you. ______________ ④The next meeting will address the problem of truancy. ______________ 【好句背默】 ⑤He is due to _______ a conference on human rights next week.他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。 .考点15. Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!读这本书让我觉得自己好像从长眠中醒来，终于睁开眼睛看到了这个世界！ 本句中的as if 跟在系动词feel 的后面引导表语从句。由于该表语从句表示的并非事实，所以用了虚拟语气。 【拓展】 as if/though的用法： (1)在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后的as if/though 引导的是表语从句。注意：从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用______________。从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用______________：与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________；与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________。 (2)as if/though引导方式状语从句。注意：如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。 【经典练】 ①After the accident，he behaved ______________ nothing had happened.事故后，他表现得若无其事。 ②It looks ______________ it isn't clean enough to swim here.看起来这里的水好像不够干净，不宜游泳。 ③From time to time he turned round ______________ searching for someone.他不时地转身，好像在找人一样。 ④He paused,______________to let them pay attention.他停了下来，好像想让他们注意到自己。 考点16.They dance merrily around the CHILDREN，then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞，然后那个看起来是酋长的人，伸出手向狄蒂尔走去。 【拓展】 with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有： (1)with＋宾语＋形容词； (2)with＋宾语＋副词； (3)with＋宾语＋介词短语； (4)with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行，且宾语与动词是主动关系； (5)with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生，且宾语与动词是被动关系； (6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。 【经典练】 ①She had to walk home with her bike ______(steal)．自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。 ②With the crowds _______(cheer)，they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们开车去了宫殿。 ③With no one ______(talk)to，John felt miserable.没有人可以交谈，约翰感到很痛苦。 ④______________(有那位老人带路)，we got to the top of the mountain easily. ⑤The village is beautiful ______________(树林都披上了银装)． ⑥______________(有那么多的工作要做)，he went to the factory ahead of time. 【好句背默】 ⑦The thief was forced into the post station ______________.贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。 考点17.　...you will see him every time you go to the window...……每一次你走向窗户时，你就能看见他…… every time引导时间状语从句 【拓展】 (1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 (2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： any time“任何时候”， next time“下次……时”， the last time“最后一次”， the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。 (3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)意为“一……就……” (4)on/upon doing sth.“一……就……” 【经典练】 ①______________ (第一次)he came to the city，he decided to settle there.他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在那里定居下来。 ②You are welcome to come back______________ (任何时候) you want to.你想什么时候回来都欢迎。 ③______________，we'd greet him at the door.每一次他到家时，我们都会在门口迎接他。 .考点18.He is no more absurd than the majority of men...他和大多数人一样都不可笑…… no +比较级... than...不比……更……，和……一样不…… 【拓展】 (1)not +比较级...than ______________ (2)no more than（=only） ______________ not more than （=at most）______________ (3)more than______________ less than______________ 【经典练】 ①He is ____________________________ she is.他和她一样知识都不是很渊博。 ②You are ______________ he is.你不如他仔细。 ③It is ______________ a piece of cake and I believe I can solve it.这只不过是小菜一碟，我相信我能解决。 ④He earns ______________ 2,000 dollars a month.他每月所赚的钱不超过2 000美元。 【好句背默】 ⑤You are______________ he is.你和他一样不仔细。 1． 语法精讲——被动语态 各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例) 时态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to/ be to＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋been＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done 情态动词＋be＋done 【自主发现】 1.On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. 2.After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 3.Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which are repeated. 4.The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication. 5.A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! 观察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑体部分都使用了___________表示不知道或没有必要指明动作的___________是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的____________________或事件本身时也常用被动语态。 　 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　　（1）am/is/are +done （过去分词） 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. （2）has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we’re ready to start. 　　（3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here. 　　（4）was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　（5）had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　（6）was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　（7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　（8）should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived. 　　（9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 　　（10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 　　例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. (2)动词不定式的被动形式 动词不定式的被动形式有以下两种，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： ①一般式：to be done(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或者与其同时发生。) It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer. 能当选为志愿者是一件光荣的事情。 ②完成式：to have been done(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前) The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书已经被译成多种语言。 【经典练】 1.At this moment, the plan _____________（discussed). 2.Over the past twenty years, great progress _____________（make) in China. 3.The students _____________（give)some advice by the teacher. 4.Attention, please. All of you students shall remain in your seats until all the papers__________（collect）. 5.If you break the traffic rules, you _____________（fine). 二、主动形式表被动意义的情况 1. 当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。 The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。 2. 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。 The opening ceremony will start at 8:00 tomorrow morning.开幕式会在明天早晨8点开始。 3. 在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 His old car which breaks down frequently needs repairing/to be repaired. 他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。 4. “be worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is worth reading again and again. 这本书值得一读再读。 5. 某些连系动词，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主动形式表被动意义。 Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。 6. 在“be+adj.+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。 The new washing machine is easy to operate. 新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。 【经典练】补全句子 ①The flowers______ sweet. ②This kind of cloth_________ easily. ③I need _________(go) home now, because my coat need _________（mend） 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1. 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语 有：happen，occur，appear，disappear，break out，come ture，come out，take place等；某些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，常见的有lack，belong to，agree with，consist of，turn out，run out等。 2. 接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. →An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. →I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday. 3. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 4. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. The workers were made to work(work)ten hours a day. 【经典练】 将下列句子改为被动语态 1．She bought her father a new coat. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 2. You should make full use of your spare time to develop your interests. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. I heard her sing in the classroom after school. _________________________________________________________________ 二．写作精讲——概要写作 一、写作分析 概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。 二、写作步骤 (1)仔细阅读并理解文章大意； (2)从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息； (3)运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。 三、语言特点 1.概要写作要求语言简洁明了、准确客观、忠实反映原文的核心 2.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。 一、 常用词汇 1.整体介绍：compose;:classical;:novelist;famous; literature;masterpiece;create;popular;recognition; widespread... 2. 情节介绍：experience;;hardship;childhood; violence;despair;luxury;cruel;persistent; aboard;gradually; deadly;eventually;suffer; exchange;survive;rescue;injure;refuse;start with;bring up;go through;fight against;deal with;make sense;turn to... 3. 分析作品的意义并表达感受：significant；importance;treasure;cherish;peace;friendship; loyal;honest; effort;educate... 二、常用句式 1.The novel mainly tells the story of.. 2.However,everything became different when... 3.Despite...,he/she continued doing his/her work and because of that,he/she later gained wide respect. 4.The story tells us how important...is to us humans and in any case we shouldn't... 5.What the novel impresses me most is... 假定你是李华，前几周英文阅读课上英语老师组织你们阅读了名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)。本周写作课上，老师要求你们写一篇关于这部名著的介绍，内容包括： 1．简要介绍作品的作者及其文学地位； 2．简要概括小说的故事情节； 3．说明作者要表达的主题思想。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1．补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇和句式) 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 概要写作 时态 一般现在时 主题 介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》 人称 第三人称 布局 第一步：确定时态和人称 第二步：用高度概括的语言介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》 第三步：提炼要点 第二步　要点翻译 1. 小说的主要人物Robinson Crusoe是一个苏格兰人，他有雄心壮志，不满足于当下的舒适生活。 Robinson Crusoe, the main character of the novel, is a Scotsman, ________________and not satisfied with his present comfortable life. 2. 然而，在一次航海中，他遇到一些意外情况，被风浪带到了一个荒岛上。他与外界失去了联系，在岛上度过了艰苦的28年。 However, on a voyage, he encounters some accidents, and is carried to a deserted island by the wind and waves, and he ____________________ the outside world, and spends 28 hard years. 3. 相反，他用自己的双手和智慧克服了各种各样的困难，从而创造出了可以继续活下去的生存条件。 Instead, ____________________________ he overcomes various difficulties to create the living conditions _______________. 第三步　词句升级 1. 用过去分词短语作状语 Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, which is based on a true story, is one of the world's most popular adventure novels. →_____________________________Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is one of the world's most popular adventure novels. 2.用so that引导的结果状语从句 Fortunately, he is found and rescued eventually, and reunited with his family, bringing the abnormal life to an end. →Fortunately, he is found and rescued eventually___________________________ bringing the abnormal life to an end. 第四步　连句成篇 A Summary of Robinson Crusoe 一、短 语 1.point of view 考虑角度；观点，看法 2．a pleasant surprise一个惊喜 3．get/be distracted by 被……分散注意力 4．get through 完成；通过(考试等)； 5．go up to sb 走向某人 6．live life to the full 充实地生活 7．burst out (doing sth) 突然开始(做某事) 8.rather than 而不是， 9．rush into 匆忙做 ……；冲进…… 10．no more...than 和……一样不…… 11．set off 出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引起，激起 12．to the point 简明恰当，简洁中肯 二、词性转变 1.weaken v．(使)虚弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．弱点 2．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观；悲观主义→pessimist n．悲观主义者 3．possession n．财物，财产→possess v．拥有；具有；支配 4.abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的→normal adj.正常的 5．recognition n．承认，认可→recognise v．认出；识别；承认 6．cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的 7．instinctively adv.本能地→instinctive adj.本能的 三、句 子 1.Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him, Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing from his life. 尽管他是一名前途光明的体育记者，米奇·阿尔博姆认为他的生活中缺少了一些东西。 2.Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and has made me value my own life more. 书里洋溢着欢乐和希望，很是让人惊喜。莫里面对死亡所展示出的无畏也给人很大的启发，让我更加珍惜自己的生命。 3.After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，可以从不同的角度看待事物了。 4. While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。 5.Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! 阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界！ 6.Morrie's reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with along the way. 莫里对于爱和友谊的思考，使我想起了自己的生活，想起一路走来失去联系的那些好友。 7.They dance merrily around the CHILDREN, then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched. 他们围着孩子欢快地跳起舞来，而后， 8.This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make the most of each day. 这鼓励我们珍视自己所拥有的一切，充分利用每一天。 1．Don’t cry because it’s over, smile because it happened.”——Dr. Seuss 不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，至少你曾经拥有过。 —— 苏斯博士 2．“We do not remember days, we remember moments.”——Cesare Pavese 我们往往记住的不是某一天，而是某个时刻。 ——切撒莱· 3．“In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.”——Robert Frost 我对生活的感悟可以用这七个字来概括：一切都会过去的。——罗伯特·弗罗斯特 4.“Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans.”——Allen Saunders 生活总是计划赶不上变化。 ——艾伦·桑德斯 5．“Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated.”——Confucius 生活其实很简单，但我们总是把它复杂化。 ——孔子 24 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Lessons in Life Unit1 话题 艺术 词汇 1.outstretched adj.　　2.cram v．3.transparent adj.　4.vexed adj.5.absurd adj. 6.lean v. 7.Madame n. 8.stroke v.9.despair n．10．anticipate v．11．luxury n． 12．widespread adj.13．phrase n．14．fee n 短语 1．be reunited with(使)重聚 2．far from远非；绝不 3．make the most of充分利用 4．lose touch with和……失去联系 5．keep in touch with和……保持联系6．to the full充分地；彻底地 7．stick to坚持 8．search for寻找 9．burst out laughing突然笑起来10．be crammed with挤满…… 11．be dressed in穿着…… 12．be reluctant to不愿意…… 句型 1．It’s up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values. 2．Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! 3．You will see him every time you go to the window... 4．If any of you should find him，would you be so very kind as to give him back to us？ 语法 复习被动语态 写作 概要写作 考点1. weaken v.(使)虚弱;削弱;动摇 On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.一了解到莫里正因一种严重的疾病而变得虚弱,米奇就开始每周二去他家看望他。  【拓展】 (1)weak adj.虚弱的;不擅长的;(能力)弱的 be weak in 不擅长…… (2)weakness n.虚弱,软弱;弱点,缺点 weakness的反义词:strength(n.力量;优势,长处) strengths and weaknesses优缺点,优势与劣势 (3)weakly adv.虚弱地;软弱无力地;冷淡地 【经典练】 ①The student is weak in mathematics, but good at English. 这个学生不擅长数学,但英语学得好。 ②The recession has weakened so many businesses that many can no longer survive. 经济衰退削弱了很多企业的实力，以至于很多无法再生存下去。 ③ Either from pain or weakness( weak), he fell to the floor in a dead faint.不知是由于疼痛还是虚弱，他倒在地板上昏倒了。 [名师提醒] (1)adj./n.＋­en→v. weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v．(使)虚弱 wide adj.宽的→widen v．(使)变宽 broad adj.宽的→broaden v．(使)变宽 sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen v．(使)变锋利 short adj.短的→shorten v．(使)变短 deep adj.深的→deepen v．(使)变深 length n．长度→lengthen v．(使)加长 strength n．力量，力气→strengthen v．(使)变强 (2)en­＋adj./n.→v. sure adj.肯定的→ensure v．保证，确保 able adj.能够的→enable v．使能够 large aaj.大的→enlarge v．扩大 danger n．危险→endanger v．使处于险境 courage n．勇气→encourage v．鼓励 【好句背默】 ④Social media websites do not weaken( weak ) personal ties but strengthen( strength ) them in unique ways for different age groups.社交媒体网站不会削弱个人关系，而是以不同年龄群体的独特方式加强个人关系。 考点2.anticipate vt.预期,预料;预见;期待 As Morrie anticipates his own death, he observes everything as though through new eyes...当莫里预料到了自己生命的终结时,他好像(开始)用新的眼光观察所有的事物…… 【拓展】 (1)anticipate (...)　doing   sth.预期/预料/期待(……)做某事 It is anticipated that...　据预测…… (2)anticipation n.预料,预见;期待,期望 in anticipation of... 预料……的发生 (3)anticipated adj.受期盼的 【经典练】 ①I anticipate going to Suzhou and Hangzhou with my parents next year.我期待着明年和我的父母一起去苏州和杭州。 ②It is anticipated that the price will go down in the near future.据预测,在不久的将来,物价会下降。 ③Judy bought many toys in anticipation of many children taking part in that party.预料到很多孩子会参加那场聚会,朱迪买了很多玩具。 【好句背默】 ④I had taken my coat and umbrella because I anticipated that it would rain.我估计有雨，所以带着外套和伞。 考点3.point of view n.考虑角度;观点;看法(复数:points of view) After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.读完这本书之后,我觉得自己对这个世界有了更深的了解,可以从不同的角度看待事物了。  【拓展】 view n.看法;视野;风景;方式vt.观看;以……看待;把……视为 (1)from  one’s point of view 在某人看来;从某人的角度考虑 in one’s view=in one’s opinion 在某人看来;依某人看 in view of 鉴于,考虑到,由于 have a good view of 清楚地看到 come into view 进入视野,映入眼帘 a/the view on/about 对……的看法 (2)view...as... 把……视为/看作…… 【经典练】 ①From my point of view, this job is educational and fun. 在我看来,这份工作既有教育意义又有趣。 ②In my view/opinion, the activity is of great significance since the students participating in it will benefit a lot. 在我看来,这次活动意义重大,因为参加这次活动的学生将受益匪浅。 ③In view of the present situation, we’ll have to change our original plan. 鉴于目前这种情况,我们将不得不改变我们原来的计划。 ④People can have a good view of the whole city from this tower. 人们从这座塔上可以清楚地看到整座城市。 ⑤As we turned the corner, the mountain came into view. 当我们拐过弯时,那座山映入眼帘。 ⑥The car was viewed as a highly original one. 这辆车被认为是一辆独具匠心的车。 【好句背默】 ⑦When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. 当你不同意你父母的观点时,花一分钟冷静下来,努力从他们的角度来理解情况。 考点4.get/be distracted by... 因……分心,因……心烦意乱 While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。 【拓展】 (1)distract vt. 转移；分心 distract...from... 使……从……分心 distract sb.’s attention 分散某人的注意力 (2)distracting adj. 使人分心的 distraction n. 注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱 distracted adj. 注意力分散的；思想不集中的 【经典练】 ①Some parents worry that smartphones will distract children’s attention. 一些父母担心手机会分散孩子们的注意力。 ②As a senior school student, we shouldn't be distracted by anything that is not relevant to our study. 作为一名高中生，我们不应该被任何与我们的学习无关的事情分心。 ③ Before you dive into working, writing or whatever else you need to do, turn off your cell phone and anything else that might prove to be distracting.在你投入到工作、写作或其他任何需要做的事情之前，关掉你的手机和任何可能会分散你注意力的东西。 【好句背默】 ④There needs to be a broad public campaign to make people aware of the danger of distracted driving.有必要开展一场广泛飞公众运动，使人们意识到分心驾驶的危险。 考点5. possession n.财产,财物(常用复数);[U]拥有,具有 While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。 【拓展】 (1)in  possession of 拥有……,占有…… in the possession of sb./in sb.’s possession　被某人拥有 take/have possession of　拥有……，占有…… (2)possess vt.拥有;持有;具有（不用于进行时） possessor n.持有人;所有者 【经典练】 ①All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 所有使用运输联线服务的游客在上车前必须持有有效车票。 ②The picture which is on display in the museum now is in the possession of Tom/in Tom’s possession. 目前在博物馆展出的那幅画为汤姆所有。 ③The gallery possesses a number of the famous artist’s early works. 这家画廊拥有许多那位著名画家的早期作品。 ④We have already bought a house but we won’t take possession of it until May. 我们已经买了房子,但要到五月份才能拥有它。据说一位年轻人将拥有这家公司。 考点6. recognition n.承认,认可;认出,识别 Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was... 尽管它得到了广泛的认可,但我的第一印象是……  【拓展】 (1) out of/beyond recognition认不出来 face/voice/fingerprint/image/handwriting recognition 人脸识别/语音识别/指纹识别/图像识别/手写识别 (2)recognize/recognise v.认出;承认,意识到;认可,接受;公认,赏识 recognize...as/to be... 承认……是……;认可……是…… be recognized as... 被公认为…… It is recognized that... 人们认为/意识到…… (3)recognizable/recognisable adj.容易认出的;易于识别的 【经典练】 ①There is also image recognition AI that can recognize car plate numbers and human faces.还有能识别车牌号码和人脸的图像识别型人工智能。 ②Mona Lisa is widely recognized as one of the most famous paintings in the history of art.《蒙娜丽莎》被公认为美术史上最著名的画作之一。 ③It is widely recognized that drug abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.人们普遍认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。 【好句背默】 ④My hometown has changed out of/beyond recognition since I left here last time. 自从我上次离开我的家乡以来,这里已经变得让人认不出来了。 考点7. get through完成；通过(考试等)；渡过(难关)；打通(电话) A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!要读完这本书，你需要准备一盒纸巾！ 【拓展】 get in 进入；收割 get around 四处走动；(新闻或消息)传开 get over 克服；从……中恢复过来 get along/on (with) (与某人)相处；(事情)进展 【经典练】 ①Although the two boys differ in character, they get along well with each other. 虽然这两个男孩性格不同，但他们相处得很好。 ②It will take a long time for his family to get over what has happened here. 他的家人要花很长时间才能从这里发生的事情中恢复过来。 ③How did my secret get around to all my friends so quickly? 我的秘密怎么这么快就传到我所有的朋友那里去了？ 【好句背默】 ④I managed to get through the hard times, and the pain was struck into my heart. 我设法熬过了那些困难时期，那伤痛是刻骨铭心的。 考点8. lose touch with与……失去联系;不再了解,不再意识到 Morrie’s reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I’ve lost touch with along the way. 莫里对爱和友谊的思考让我想到了自己的生活,想到了一路走来所有失去联系的好朋友。 (教材P20) 【拓展】 get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系 be/keep/stay in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系 be/keep/stay in touch with sth. 了解某物 be out of touch with sb.和某人失去联系 【经典练】 ①I regret to say that I have lost touch with four or five friends so far. 遗憾地说,迄今为止我已经与四五个朋友失去了联系。 ②We’ve been out of touch with each other for years since we graduated from university. 自从大学毕业以来,我们彼此已经多年没有联系了。 ③Thanks to another friend’s help, finally they got in touch with each other again. 多亏了另一个朋友的帮助,他们终于又和彼此联系上了。 【好句背默】 ④Nowadays many parents are/keep/stay in touch with their children who are at college by WeChat. 现在许多父母使用微信和他们上大学的孩子保持联系。 考点9.cooperate v.合作,协作 it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else 你如果和其他人合作,就更容易实现某事 【拓展】 cooperate　with   与……合作 cooperation n.合作,协作 in cooperation with 与……合作 cooperative adj.合作的,协作的 【经典练】 ①I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him. 他鼓舞人心的话打动了我,我决定与他合作。 ②The training courses were carried out in cooperation with this university. 培训课程是与这所大学合作落实的。 ③These measures offer wider cooperative space to businesses of the two countries. 这些措施为两国企业提供了更加广阔的合作空间。 【好句背默】 工人与管理层合作使产量增加了10%。 ④The workers, cooperating with the management, have increased output by 10 per cent. ⑤The workers, in cooperation with the management, have increased output by 10 per cent. 考点10.rush into冲进（某地）;匆忙做…… A troop of HAPPINESSES rush into the hall, singing, “There they are! They see us!”一群“幸福”冲进大厅,唱着:“他们在那儿!他们看见我们了!” 【拓展】 (1) rush v.冲,奔;(使)仓促行事;迅速移动;急促;急送 n.冲;匆忙;大量急需,争购;情绪迸发 rush to sb./sth. 冲向某人/某物 rush to do sth.匆忙做某事 rush out (of...)冲出(……) rush sb./sth. to...迅速送某人/某物去某地 rush through 使快速通过;仓促处理 (2)in a rush(=in a hurry)匆忙 a rush of anger/excitement/fear一阵怒火/激动/恐惧 【经典练】 判断下列句子中rush的词性及含义 ①Don't rush into making a decision. You might regret it later. n.仓促行事，匆忙行事 ②Once the boy was rushed to hospital,he was operated on by the best doctor. v. 迅速送某人去某地 ③Why is it always such a rush to get ready in the morning? n. 匆忙,仓促 ④Suddenly the door burst open and Joe rushed in. v.迅速移动 【好句背默】 ⑤Don’t rush into a decision on the important matter before thinking it over. 在重要的事情上,在没有仔细考虑之前,不要匆忙做出决定。 考点11.burst out laughing突然大笑起来；不禁大笑 All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.其他所有的幸福都哄然大笑。 【拓展】 (1)burst out laughing＝burst into laughter 突然大笑起来 burst out crying＝burst into tears 突然大哭起来 (2)burst with anger勃然大怒 burst with joy心花怒放 (3)a burst of laughter/applause 突然的一阵笑声/掌声 【经典练】 ①On hearing the shocking news that her son couldn't recover after the operation, the mother burst out crying.一听到儿子手术后仍无法恢复的噩耗，这位母亲就突然大哭起来。 ②When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears. 当我递给他那张礼物卡，跟他说可以用它来买家里可能需要的任何东西时，他突然哭了起来。 考点12.cram v．挤满；把……塞进 Why, it is crammed with Happinesses!嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了！ 【拓展】 be crammed with 塞满，填满 cram sth. into... 把某物塞进…… cram into 挤进…… 【经典练】 ①His life was crammed with desire of possessing power and money, which caused his unhappiness and divorce. 他的生活中充满了权力欲和金钱欲，这导致了他的苦恼和离异。 ②Terry crammed the dirty clothes into his bag.特里把脏衣服塞进了包里。 ③We crammed into my car and set off.我们挤进我的小汽车里，出发了。 【好句背默】 The house is crammed with priceless furniture and works of art.房子里堆满了价值连城的家具和艺术品。 考点13.lean v．倚，靠；使斜靠 Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT，a little old woman leaning on a stick.邻居Berlingot，一位瘦小的老太太拄着拐杖进来了。 【拓展】 (1)lean against/on 靠在……上 lean ... against/on... 使……斜靠…… lean forward/back 向前/向后靠 lean forward sb. 向某人探身子 (2)lean on依靠，依赖(尤其在困难时刻) lean on each other for support互相扶持 【经典练】 ①He was leaning on the bridge, watching the boats go by.他靠在桥上，看着船来船往。 ②He leant his bicycle against the fence.他把自行车倚靠在篱笆上。 ③They were leaning forward, facing each other.他们面对面身体前倾。 ④She leant forward him and listened.她探过身子去听他说。 【好句背默】 She walked slowly，leaning on her son's arm.她倚靠着她儿子的手臂缓慢行走。 考点14.address n．地址；称呼；致辞；讲话；演讲 v.称呼；发表演说；写地址；处理/解决问题 Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.走到舞台前面，向观众致辞。 【拓展】 address sth.(to sb.)　 在给某人的信上写上地址 address sb. 向某人致辞/向……说话 address sb.as/to be... 称呼某人为…… 【经典练】 写出address 的含义 ①Most people call me Bob.How do I address you？ 称呼 ②Mr.Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia. 演讲 ③There is a letter addressed to you. 写地址 ④The next meeting will address the problem of truancy. 解决 【好句背默】 ⑤He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。 .考点15. Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!读这本书让我觉得自己好像从长眠中醒来，终于睁开眼睛看到了这个世界！ 本句中的as if 跟在系动词feel 的后面引导表语从句。由于该表语从句表示的并非事实，所以用了虚拟语气。 【拓展】 as if/though的用法： (1)在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后的as if/though 引导的是表语从句。注意：从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气：与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would＋动词原形。 (2)as if/though引导方式状语从句。注意：如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。 【经典练】 ①After the accident，he behaved as if/though nothing had happened.事故后，他表现得若无其事。 ②It looks as if/though it isn't clean enough to swim here.看起来这里的水好像不够干净，不宜游泳。 ③From time to time he turned round as if/though searching for someone.他不时地转身，好像在找人一样。 ④He paused,as if/though to let them pay attention.他停了下来，好像想让他们注意到自己。 考点16.They dance merrily around the CHILDREN，then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞，然后那个看起来是酋长的人，伸出手向狄蒂尔走去。 【拓展】 with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有： (1)with＋宾语＋形容词； (2)with＋宾语＋副词； (3)with＋宾语＋介词短语； (4)with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行，且宾语与动词是主动关系； (5)with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生，且宾语与动词是被动关系； (6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。 【经典练】 ①She had to walk home with her bike stolen(steal)．自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。 ②With the crowds cheering(cheer)，they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们开车去了宫殿。 ③With no one to talk(talk)to，John felt miserable.没有人可以交谈，约翰感到很痛苦。 ④With the old man leading us(有那位老人带路)，we got to the top of the mountain easily. ⑤The village is beautiful with the trees covered with white snow(树林都披上了银装)． ⑥With much work to do(有那么多的工作要做)，he went to the factory ahead of time. 【好句背默】 ⑦The thief was forced into the post station with his hands tied back.贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。 考点17.　...you will see him every time you go to the window...……每一次你走向窗户时，你就能看见他…… every time引导时间状语从句 【拓展】 (1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 (2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： any time“任何时候”， next time“下次……时”， the last time“最后一次”， the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。 (3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)意为“一……就……” (4)on/upon doing sth.“一……就……” 【经典练】 ①The first time (第一次)he came to the city，he decided to settle there.他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在那里定居下来。 ②You are welcome to come back any time (任何时候) you want to.你想什么时候回来都欢迎。 ③Every time he arrived home，we'd greet him at the door.每一次他到家时，我们都会在门口迎接他。 .考点18.He is no more absurd than the majority of men...他和大多数人一样都不可笑…… no +比较级... than...不比……更……，和……一样不…… 【拓展】 (1)not +比较级...than 不如…… (2)no more than（=only） 仅仅 not more than （=at most） 至多，不超过 (3)more than多于，超过；不仅仅；非常 less than不足，少于 【经典练】 ①He is no more knowledgeable than she is.他和她一样知识都不是很渊博。 ②You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。 ③It is no more than a piece of cake and I believe I can solve it.这只不过是小菜一碟，我相信我能解决。 ④He earns not more than 2,000 dollars a month.他每月所赚的钱不超过2 000美元。 【好句背默】 ⑤You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。 1． 语法精讲——被动语态 各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例) 时态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to/ be to＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋been＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done 情态动词＋be＋done 【自主发现】 1.On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. 2.After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 3.Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which are repeated. 4.The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication. 5.A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! 观察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑体部分都使用了被动语态。表示不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态。 　 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　　（1）am/is/are +done （过去分词） 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. （2）has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we’re ready to start. 　　（3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here. 　　（4）was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　（5）had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　（6）was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　（7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　（8）should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived. 　　（9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 　　（10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 　　例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. (2)动词不定式的被动形式 动词不定式的被动形式有以下两种，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： ①一般式：to be done(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或者与其同时发生。) It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer. 能当选为志愿者是一件光荣的事情。 ②完成式：to have been done(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前) The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书已经被译成多种语言。 【经典练】 1.At this moment, the plan _____________（discussed). 2.Over the past twenty years, great progress _____________（make) in China. 3.The students _____________（give)some advice by the teacher. 4.Attention, please. All of you students shall remain in your seats until all the papers__________（collect）. 5.If you break the traffic rules, you _____________（fine). 【答案】1.is being discussed 2.has been made3.were given 4.are collected5. will be fined 二、主动形式表被动意义的情况 1. 当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。 The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。 2. 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。 The opening ceremony will start at 8:00 tomorrow morning.开幕式会在明天早晨8点开始。 3. 在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 His old car which breaks down frequently needs repairing/to be repaired. 他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。 4. “be worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is worth reading again and again. 这本书值得一读再读。 5. 某些连系动词，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主动形式表被动意义。 Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。 6. 在“be+adj.+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。 The new washing machine is easy to operate. 新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。 【经典练】补全句子 ①The flowers______ sweet. ②This kind of cloth_________ easily. ③I need _________(go) home now, because my coat need _________（mend） 【答案】1. smell 2. washes.3.to go; mending 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1. 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语 有：happen，occur，appear，disappear，break out，come ture，come out，take place等；某些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，常见的有lack，belong to，agree with，consist of，turn out，run out等。 2. 接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. →An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. →I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday. 3. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 4. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. The workers were made to work(work)ten hours a day. 【经典练】 将下列句子改为被动语态 1．She bought her father a new coat. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 2. You should make full use of your spare time to develop your interests. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. I heard her sing in the classroom after school. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Her father was bought a new coat by her. A new coat was bought for her father by her. 2.Your spare time should be made full use of to develop your interests. 3.She was heard to sing in the classroom after school by me. 二．写作精讲——概要写作 一、写作分析 概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。 二、写作步骤 (1)仔细阅读并理解文章大意； (2)从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息； (3)运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。 三、语言特点 1.概要写作要求语言简洁明了、准确客观、忠实反映原文的核心 2.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。 一、 常用词汇 1.整体介绍：compose;:classical;:novelist;famous; literature;masterpiece;create;popular;recognition; widespread... 2. 情节介绍：experience;;hardship;childhood; violence;despair;luxury;cruel;persistent; aboard;gradually; deadly;eventually;suffer; exchange;survive;rescue;injure;refuse;start with;bring up;go through;fight against;deal with;make sense;turn to... 3. 分析作品的意义并表达感受：significant；importance;treasure;cherish;peace;friendship; loyal;honest; effort;educate... 二、常用句式 1.The novel mainly tells the story of.. 2.However,everything became different when... 3.Despite...,he/she continued doing his/her work and because of that,he/she later gained wide respect. 4.The story tells us how important...is to us humans and in any case we shouldn't... 5.What the novel impresses me most is... 假定你是李华，前几周英文阅读课上英语老师组织你们阅读了名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)。本周写作课上，老师要求你们写一篇关于这部名著的介绍，内容包括： 1．简要介绍作品的作者及其文学地位； 2．简要概括小说的故事情节； 3．说明作者要表达的主题思想。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1．补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇和句式) 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 概要写作 时态 一般现在时 主题 介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》 人称 第三人称 布局 第一步：确定时态和人称 第二步：用高度概括的语言介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》 第三步：提炼要点 第二步　要点翻译 1. 小说的主要人物Robinson Crusoe是一个苏格兰人，他有雄心壮志，不满足于当下的舒适生活。 Robinson Crusoe, the main character of the novel, is a Scotsman, ________________and not satisfied with his present comfortable life. 2. 然而，在一次航海中，他遇到一些意外情况，被风浪带到了一个荒岛上。他与外界失去了联系，在岛上度过了艰苦的28年。 However, on a voyage, he encounters some accidents, and is carried to a deserted island by the wind and waves, and he ____________________ the outside world, and spends 28 hard years. 3. 相反，他用自己的双手和智慧克服了各种各样的困难，从而创造出了可以继续活下去的生存条件。 Instead, ____________________________ he overcomes various difficulties to create the living conditions _______________. 【答案】1. who is ambitious 2. loses touch with 3. using his hands and intelligence, to live on 第三步　词句升级 1. 用过去分词短语作状语 Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, which is based on a true story, is one of the world's most popular adventure novels. →_____________________________Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is one of the world's most popular adventure novels. 2.用so that引导的结果状语从句 Fortunately, he is found and rescued eventually, and reunited with his family, bringing the abnormal life to an end. →Fortunately, he is found and rescued eventually___________________________ bringing the abnormal life to an end. 【答案】1. Based on a true story 2. so that he is reunited with his family 第四步　连句成篇 A Summary of Robinson Crusoe Based on a true story, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is one of the world's most popular adventure novels. Robinson Crusoe, the main character of the novel, is a Scotsman, who is ambitious and not satisfied with his present comfortable life, so he is determined to adventure.However, on a voyage, he encounters some accidents, and is carried to a deserted island by the wind and waves, where he loses touch with the outside world and spends 28 hard years. On the lonely island, Crusoe never falls into despair.Instead, using his hands and intelligence, he overcomes various difficulties to create the living conditions to live on.By working hard, he lives a “rich” life on the island, where he even has his own possessions.Fortunately, he is found and rescued eventually so that he is reunited with his family, bringing the abnormal life to an end. In the story, the author praises and stresses Crusoe's courage and perseverance to overcome difficulties even faced with hardships. 一、短 语 1.point of view 考虑角度；观点，看法 2．a pleasant surprise一个惊喜 3．get/be distracted by 被……分散注意力 4．get through 完成；通过(考试等)； 5．go up to sb 走向某人 6．live life to the full 充实地生活 7．burst out (doing sth) 突然开始(做某事) 8.rather than 而不是， 9．rush into 匆忙做 ……；冲进…… 10．no more...than 和……一样不…… 11．set off 出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引起，激起 12．to the point 简明恰当，简洁中肯 二、词性转变 1.weaken v．(使)虚弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．弱点 2．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观；悲观主义→pessimist n．悲观主义者 3．possession n．财物，财产→possess v．拥有；具有；支配 4.abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的→normal adj.正常的 5．recognition n．承认，认可→recognise v．认出；识别；承认 6．cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的 7．instinctively adv.本能地→instinctive adj.本能的 三、句 子 1.Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him, Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing from his life. 尽管他是一名前途光明的体育记者，米奇·阿尔博姆认为他的生活中缺少了一些东西。 2.Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and has made me value my own life more. 书里洋溢着欢乐和希望，很是让人惊喜。莫里面对死亡所展示出的无畏也给人很大的启发，让我更加珍惜自己的生命。 3.After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，可以从不同的角度看待事物了。 4. While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. 在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。 5.Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! 阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界！ 6.Morrie's reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with along the way. 莫里对于爱和友谊的思考，使我想起了自己的生活，想起一路走来失去联系的那些好友。 7.They dance merrily around the CHILDREN, then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched. 他们围着孩子欢快地跳起舞来，而后， 8.This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make the most of each day. 这鼓励我们珍视自己所拥有的一切，充分利用每一天。 1．Don’t cry because it’s over, smile because it happened.”——Dr. Seuss 不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，至少你曾经拥有过。 —— 苏斯博士 2．“We do not remember days, we remember moments.”——Cesare Pavese 我们往往记住的不是某一天，而是某个时刻。 ——切撒莱· 3．“In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.”——Robert Frost 我对生活的感悟可以用这七个字来概括：一切都会过去的。——罗伯特·弗罗斯特 4.“Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans.”——Allen Saunders 生活总是计划赶不上变化。 ——艾伦·桑德斯 5．“Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated.”——Confucius 生活其实很简单，但我们总是把它复杂化。 ——孔子 24 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$