2025年牛津上海版初中英语语法总结-Lesson5-定语从句

初中语法Lesson Five – 定语从句 · 高老师 Ms. Gao 2025-02-08 初中英语语法详解（根据上海牛津版初中英语教材） 英语语法中的定语从句（Relative Clause），包括其语法构成、适用情境、与其他非定语从句的比较，并举出10个典型例句。 1. 语法构成（Grammar Structure） 定语从句是用来修饰名词或代名词的从句，通常紧跟在所修饰的词后面，用来进一步解释、限定或者描述这个名词或代名词。定语从句的语法结构包括： 引导词（Relative Pronoun）： who: 用来指人，作主语或宾语。 whom: 用来指人，作宾语（较正式，口语中常省略）。 whose: 表示“谁的”，用于表示所属关系。 which: 用来指物，作主语或宾语。 that: 用来指人或物，可以作主语或宾语，且不用于非限定性定语从句。 where: 用来指地点。 when: 用来指时间。 why: 用来指原因（多用于"the reason why"等结构中）。 定语从句的基本结构： 主句 + 引导词 + 从句部分 例如： The man who is sitting over there is my uncle.（那位坐在那里的男人是我叔叔。） The book that I am reading is interesting.（我正在读的那本书很有趣。） 注意：定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，它们在意义和标点使用上有所不同。 2. 适用情景（When to Use a Relative Clause） 定语从句用于以下几种情况： 修饰名词或代名词：定语从句通常用来描述名词或代名词的特征、身份、作用等。 例如：“The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister.”（那个穿红裙子的女人是我姐姐。） 提供额外信息：定语从句可以提供附加的背景信息，帮助我们更好地理解句子中的名词或代名词。 例如：“The book that I lent you is very popular.”（我借给你的那本书非常受欢迎。） 限定或特定化名词：定语从句还可以用来限定名词或代名词的范围或特定性，尤其是在限定性定语从句中。 例如：“The car that I bought last year is very reliable.”（我去年买的那辆车非常可靠。） 3. 与其他非定语从句的语法比较（Comparison with Other Non-Relative Clauses） 定语从句 vs. 宾语从句（Object Clauses）： 定语从句用来修饰名词或代名词，而宾语从句用来作为动词的宾语。 例如：定语从句: The man who spoke is my teacher.（说话的那个人是我老师。） 例如：宾语从句: I don't know where he went.（我不知道他去了哪里。） 定语从句 vs. 状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）： 定语从句修饰名词或代名词，状语从句修饰动词、形容词或副词。 例如：定语从句: The house which you like is for sale.（你喜欢的那座房子在卖。） 例如：状语从句: She sings because she loves music.（她因为热爱音乐而唱歌。） 定语从句 vs. 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）： 同位语从句用来解释或定义名词，而定语从句则是用来修饰名词。 例如：定语从句: The book that you recommended was excellent.（你推荐的那本书很棒。） 例如：同位语从句: The fact that he failed shocked everyone.（他失败的事实让每个人都感到震惊。） 定语从句 vs. 并列句（Compound Sentences）： 定语从句常常是一个从句，修饰句中的名词，而并列句由两个独立的主句通过连词连接。 例如：定语从句: The woman who called is my friend.（打电话的女人是我朋友。） 例如：并列句: I like coffee, and she likes tea.（我喜欢咖啡，她喜欢茶。） 4. 典型定语从句例句（Examples of Relative Clauses） The book which is on the table is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。） The girl who helped me is very kind.（帮助我的那个女孩很善良。） The house where I grew up is very old.（我长大的那座房子很老。） The reason why she left is unclear.（她离开的原因不明。） The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend.（那个父亲是医生的男孩是我朋友。） The event that took place yesterday was a success.（昨天发生的那个事件非常成功。） The car that she drives is very expensive.（她开那辆车非常贵。） The teacher who taught us last year is very strict.（去年教我们那位老师非常严格。） The restaurant where we had dinner was excellent.（我们吃晚餐的那家餐厅很棒。） The movie that we watched was amazing.（我们看的那部电影非常精彩。） 总结： 定语从句是英语中一种非常常见的从句类型，用来修饰名词或代名词，提供更多的细节信息。通过适当使用定语从句，可以使语言更加简洁、精确，并且有助于描述事物的特征、身份或所属关系。定语从句通常由引导词（如 who, which, that 等）引导，并且根据语境分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 QUIZ 定语从句与时态理解测验 一、选择题（Choose the correct answer） The book ______ on the desk belongs to Sarah. a) is b) was c) that is d) which is The woman ______ you met at the party is my aunt. a) who b) whom c) that d) which The house ______ we live in is very old. a) which b) where c) that d) who The boy ______ father is a teacher is very smart. a) who b) whose c) whom d) which The car ______ I borrowed yesterday is blue. a) which b) where c) that d) whom The reason ______ I couldn’t attend the meeting is personal. a) which b) where c) why d) who The company ______ I work for is very successful. a) who b) where c) that d) which The students ______ passed the test are now preparing for the next exam. a) which b) who c) whom d) whose The movie ______ we watched last night was incredible. a) who b) that c) which d) where The place ______ I was born is a small town in the countryside. a) which b) where c) that d) when 二、将以下句子转为定语从句（Rewrite the sentences with relative clauses） The man is my brother. He is standing by the door. The book is on the table. It is very interesting. The girl is wearing a red dress. She is my cousin. The city is known for its history. I was born there. The film is about space exploration. We watched it last night. The house was sold last year. It is very big. The students have to submit their essays. They are in my class. The dog is barking loudly. It belongs to Mr. Wang. The teacher is very kind. We met him yesterday. The company is expanding rapidly. My father works there. 三、填空题（Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun） The team ______ won the competition was very proud. The chair ______ I’m sitting on is broken. The people ______ live next to us are very friendly. The movie ______ I saw last weekend was amazing. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow. The reason ______ he didn’t come is unclear. The apartment ______ we live in is very comfortable. The teacher ______ taught me English is very patient. The man ______ car was stolen reported it to the police. The artist ______ paintings I admire the most is famous worldwide. 四、时态选择题（Choose the correct tense for the relative clause） The house ______ (be) built last year is now for sale. a) was b) is c) has been d) had been The students ______ (study) in the library right now are preparing for the exam. a) study b) are studying c) studied d) have studied The book ______ (write) by J.K. Rowling is very popular. a) writes b) was written c) written d) is written The flowers ______ (water) every day grow very well. a) water b) are watered c) were watered d) have watered The project ______ (complete) by the team next month will be a great success. a) is completed b) has completed c) will be completed d) will complete The girl ______ (sing) yesterday is my sister. a) sings b) sang c) is singing d) who sang The phone ______ (repair) by the technician now will be ready soon. a) repaired b) is repaired c) is being repaired d) has repaired The report ______ (submit) by the deadline must be very detailed. a) submit b) submitted c) will submit d) is submitted The team ______ (win) the match yesterday was very happy. a) won b) has won c) had won d) wins The house ______ (build) when I was a child is still standing. a) built b) is built c) was built d) had been built 五、纠错题（Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences） The person who I met yesterday is my colleague. The house that I lived in is sold now. The boy whose father he is a doctor is very smart. The company where I work for is located in New York. The man whom car was parked in front of my house is a lawyer. The reason which he left is unknown. The movie who we watched last night was great. The woman which daughter is in my class is my neighbor. The book which I finished last week is on the shelf. The teacher who I admire the most is very kind. 参考答案（Answer Key） a) is a) who c) that b) whose c) that c) why c) that b) who b) that b) where The man who is standing by the door is my brother. The book which is on the table is very interesting. The girl who is wearing a red dress is my cousin. The city where I was born is known for its history. The film which we watched last night is about space exploration. The house which was sold last year is very big. The students who are in my class have to submit their essays. The dog which is barking loudly belongs to Mr. Wang. The teacher who we met yesterday is very kind. The company where my father works is expanding rapidly. who which who which that why where who whose whose a) was b) are studying b) was written b) are watered c) will be completed d) who sang c) is being repaired d) is submitted a) won c) was built Correct: The person whom I met yesterday is my colleague. Correct: The house where I lived is sold now. Correct: The boy whose father is a doctor is very smart. Correct: The company where I work is located in New York. Correct: The man whose car was parked in front of my house is a lawyer. Correct: The reason why he left is unknown. Correct: The movie which we watched last night was great. Correct: The woman whose daughter is in my class is my neighbor. Correct: The book that I finished last week is on the shelf. Correct: The teacher whom I admire the most is very kind. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$