Lesson 3-时态语态总结2024-2025学年牛津上海版英语九年级上册

初中语法Lesson Two – 时态、语态总结与练习 · 高老师 Ms. Gao 2025-01-18 初中英语语法详解（根据上海牛津版初中英语教材） 1. 时态 (Tenses) 1.1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense) 用法: 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为。 2. 表示普遍真理或客观事实。 3. 表达格言、谚语等。 · 结构: 肯定句：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数动词加 -s 或 -es）+ 其他 否定句：主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 + 其他 疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ · 例句: 1. The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 2. She studies hard every day. 她每天都努力学习。 3. Does he play football on weekends? 他周末踢足球吗？ 4. I do not like spicy food. 我不喜欢辣的食物。 1.2 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 用法: 1. 表示过去某个时间点发生的动作。 2. 表示过去的状态或习惯。 · 结构: 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 否定句：主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ · 例句: 1. She went to the zoo last Sunday. 她上周日去了动物园。 2. They watched TV after dinner. 晚饭后他们看了电视。 3. I did not see him yesterday. 我昨天没见到他。 4. Did you finish your homework last night? 你昨晚完成作业了吗？ 1.3 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) 用法: 1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作。 2. 表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作。 · 结构: 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing + 其他 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词 -ing + 其他 疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 -ing + 其他？ · 例句: 1. She is reading a book now. 她现在正在看书。 2. They are playing football in the park. 他们正在公园踢足球。 3. I am not sleeping; I am just resting. 我没在睡觉，我只是在休息。 4. Are you studying for the exam? 你正在为考试学习吗？ 1.4 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 用法: 1. 表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作。 2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 · 结构: 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词 -ing + 其他 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词 -ing + 其他 疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 -ing + 其他？ · 例句: 1. I was reading a novel at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨天晚上8点我正在看小说。 2. They were playing basketball when it started to rain. 下雨时他们正在打篮球。 3. He was not listening to the teacher. 他当时没在听老师讲课。 4. Were you writing a letter at that time? 你当时在写信吗？ 1.5 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense) 用法: 1. 表示将来会发生的动作或状态。 2. 表示计划或意图。 · 结构: 肯定句：主语 + will/be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 否定句：主语 + will not(be not going to) + 动词原形 + 其他 疑问句：Will/Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ · 例句: 1. I will visit my grandparents next month. 我下个月会去探望祖父母。 2. They are going to have a party this Saturday. 他们计划本周六开派对。 3. She will not attend the meeting. 她不会参加会议。 4. Are you going to buy a new car? 你打算买辆新车吗？ 2. 常用句式与例句 (Sentence Structures and Examples) 2.1 陈述句 (Declarative Sentence) 例句: 1. I like playing chess. 我喜欢下棋。 2. She was tired after the long walk. 她走了很久路后很累。 2.2 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence) 例句: 1. Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗？ 2. Why did he leave early? 他为什么早退？ 2.3 祈使句 (Imperative Sentence) 例句: 1. Please bring me a cup of tea. 请帮我拿一杯茶。 2. Don’t forget to call me. 别忘了给我打电话。 2.4 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence) 例句: 1. What a lovely day it is! 多么可爱的天气啊！ 2. How hard she works! 她多么努力工作啊！ 3. 被动语态 (Passive Voice) 用法: 1. 强调动作的承受者。 2. 主语不明确时用被动语态。 · 结构: 主语 + be + 动词过去分词 + 其他 · 例句: 1. This book was written by J.K. Rowling. 这本书是J.K.罗琳写的。 2. The room is cleaned every day. 这个房间每天都会被打扫。 （A）语法构成 被动语态由 be动词（即“am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being”）和过去分词构成，具体结构如下： · 肯定句：主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) · 否定句：主语 + be动词 + not + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) · 疑问句：Be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)? 例如： · 主动语态: They build houses.（他们建造房子） · 被动语态: Houses are built by them.（房子被他们建造） （B）什么情景下使用被动语态最适合？ 被动语态通常用于以下几种情境： 1. 动作的执行者不重要或未知：有时我们关注的是动作的结果，而不是谁执行了动作。 2. 例如：“The book was published last year.”（这本书去年出版了。——没有提到是谁出版的，因为执行者不重要） 2. 动作执行者不必要明确：如果动作的执行者显而易见或不需要特别说明。 · 例如：“The car was stolen.”（车被偷了。——不强调偷车的人） 3. 正式或学术性语境：科学、技术、新闻等正式写作中，常用被动语态来强调动作而非执行者。 2. 例如：“The experiment was conducted successfully.”（实验顺利完成） 4. 为了突出事件或结果：当你想让读者或听者关注事件本身，而不是执行动作的人。 2. 例如：“A new bridge has been built across the river.”（一座新桥已经建成） (C) 被动语态与主动语态的比较 主动语态和被动语态的主要区别在于句子的焦点： · 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者，句子的焦点在于谁做了什么事。 1. 例如：The teacher teaches the students.（老师教学生） · 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，句子的焦点在于事件本身或动作的结果。 2. 例如：The students are taught by the teacher.（学生被老师教） 总结比较： · 主动语态：主语 -> 动作 -> 受事者 · 被动语态：受事者 -> 被动作 -> 动作执行者（可选） (D) 不同时态下的被动语态 不同的时态在被动语态中的构成变化主要体现在“be动词”的时态变化。以下是常见时态下的被动语态例句： 1. 一般现在时 结构：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 · The report is written by the manager.（报告由经理写） · The windows are cleaned every day.（窗户每天都清洁） 2. 一般过去时 结构：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 · The letter was sent yesterday.（信昨天寄出） · The cake was eaten by the children.（蛋糕被孩子们吃了） 3. 一般将来时 结构：主语 + will be + 过去分词 · The task will be completed tomorrow.（任务明天完成） · The documents will be reviewed by the supervisor.（文件将由主管审阅） 4. 现在进行时 结构：主语 + am/is/are + being + 过去分词 · The house is being painted.（房子正在被粉刷） · The problem is being solved.（问题正在被解决） 5. 过去进行时 结构：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词 · The project was being developed at that time.（项目当时正在被开发） · The phone was being repaired when I called.（我打电话时，电话正在被修理） 6. 现在完成时 结构：主语 + has/have + been + 过去分词 · The task has been finished.（任务已完成） · The letter has been delivered.（信已投递） 7. 过去完成时 结构：主语 + had been + 过去分词 · The book had been read before the meeting.（书在会议前就读完了） · The problem had been solved by the time we arrived.（我们到达时问题已经解决） 8. 将来完成时 结构：主语 + will have been + 过去分词 · The work will have been finished by Friday.（工作将在星期五前完成） · The house will have been built by the end of next year.（房子将在明年年底前建成） 9. 现在完成进行时 结构：主语 + has/have + been + being + 过去分词 · The car has been being repaired for hours.（车已经修了好几个小时） · The software has been being updated continuously.（软件已经持续在更新） 10. 过去完成进行时 结构：主语 + had + been + being + 过去分词 · The house had been being painted when we arrived.（我们到达时，房子正在被粉刷） · The documents had been being reviewed when the meeting started.（会议开始时，文件正被审阅） 英语被动语态与时态理解测验 一、选择题（Choose the correct answer） 1. The letter ______ by the teacher tomorrow. a) will be sent b) is sent c) was sent d) has been sent 2. The room ______ every day by the staff. a) cleans b) is cleaned c) cleaned d) will clean 3. The report ______ by the manager right now. a) is being written b) was written c) has been written d) will be written 4. The new book ______ by the author last week. a) is published b) was published c) has published d) published 5. A new bridge ______ next year. a) is built b) is being built c) will be built d) has been built 6. The homework ______ by the students every week. a) are submitted b) is submitted c) will submit d) submits 7. The documents ______ by the secretary when I arrived. a) were reviewed b) have been reviewed c) had been reviewed d) will have been reviewed 8. The car ______ for an hour. a) has been repaired b) is repaired c) was repaired d) had been repaired 9. A new policy ______ next month. a) has introduced b) is introduced c) will be introduced d) was introduced 10. The house ______ since last year. a) is being built b) has been built c) was built d) will be built 二、将以下句子转为被动语态（Rewrite the sentences in passive voice） 1. They clean the office every morning. 2. The chef cooks the meal. 3. Someone will deliver the package tomorrow. 4. People speak English all over the world. 5. They had completed the project before the deadline. 6. The teacher explains the lesson clearly. 7. They are fixing the road now. 8. The company has launched a new product. 9. They will announce the decision tomorrow. 10. The manager is signing the contract at the moment. 三、选择时态并填空（Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in passive voice） 1. The new bridge ______ (build) next year. 2. The books ______ (read) by the students every month. 3. The homework ______ (submit) last week. 4. The new policy ______ (announce) by the government tomorrow. 5. The document ______ (already/complete) before the meeting started. 6. The office ______ (clean) when I arrived. 7. The contract ______ (sign) by the lawyer next week. 8. The car ______ (repair) for two hours when I called. 9. The package ______ (deliver) last Thursday. 10. The report ______ (prepare) now for the meeting. 四、改错题（Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences） 1. The homework was being submitted yesterday by the students. 2. The letter is wrote by Mary last week. 3. The project had been being completed when we arrived. 4. The new product will be introduced by the marketing team every month. 5. The report has been finished when the meeting started. 6. The phone will be repaired every day by the technicians. 7. The homework had been already submitted before the teacher asked. 8. The film is shown by the theater at the moment. 9. The bridge has been built last year. 10. The proposal is discussed last night. 参考答案（Answer Key） 1. a) will be sent 2. b) is cleaned 3. a) is being written 4. b) was published 5. c) will be built 6. b) is submitted 7. c) had been reviewed 8. a) has been repaired 9. c) will be introduced 10. b) has been built 11. The office is cleaned every morning. 12. The meal is cooked by the chef. 13. The package will be delivered tomorrow. 14. English is spoken all over the world. 15. The project had been completed before the deadline. 16. The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher. 17. The road is being fixed now. 18. A new product has been launched by the company. 19. The decision will be announced tomorrow. 20. The contract is being signed by the manager at the moment. 21. will be built 22. are read 23. was submitted 24. will be announced 25. had already been completed 26. was cleaned 27. will be signed 28. had been repaired 29. was delivered 30. is being prepared 31. Correct: The homework was submitted yesterday by the students. 32. Correct: The letter was written by Mary last week. 33. Correct: The project had been completed when we arrived. 34. Correct: The new product will be introduced by the marketing team next month. 35. Correct: The report had been finished when the meeting started. 36. Correct: The phone is repaired every day by the technicians. 37. Correct: The homework had already been submitted before the teacher asked. 38. Correct: The film is being shown by the theater at the moment. 39. Correct: The bridge was built last year. 40. Correct: The proposal was discussed last night. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$