精品解析：山东省菏泽市鄄城县第一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学英语试题

2024—2025学年高二开年大联考 英语试题 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 考试时间为120分钟，满分150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will Mary do next? A. Teach Mike in person. B. Lend her notebook to Mike. C. Hand in Mike’s sick note. 2. How did the woman get the paper cuttings? A. She cut them herself. B. Her father bought them for her. C. Her friend gave them to her. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. At the woman’s home. C. At the man’s home. 4. Who is probably the woman? A. A designer. B. A model. C. A saleswoman. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their travel experiences. B. Their favorite cities. C. Their holiday plans. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7两个小题。 6. Why does the man apologize? A For not going to the amusement park. B. For not attending the parent-teacher meeting. C. For not explaining the reason in time. 7 What subject is the woman probably bad at? A. Math. B. English. C. Physics. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9两个小题。 8. How did the woman know about the sofa? A. From the newspaper. B. From her brother. C. From an app. 9. Why did the man decide to sell the sofa? A. His wife doesn’t like it. B. He has bought a new sofa. C. There isn’t enough room for it in his new place. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12三个小题。 10. What is the man concerned about most? A. The floor. B. The balcony. C. The sports facilities. 11. How much does the man have to pay? A. $800. B. $720. C. $400. 12. What information does the man provide in the end? A. His email address. B. His phone number. C. His full name. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16四个小题。 13. What was Paul doing before the conversation? A. Playing video games. B. Recording a video. C. Playing with his phone. 14. How does the woman suggest Paul find a job? A. By searching the Internet. B. By reading the local newspapers. C. By walking around in the city. 15. What is Paul probably unwilling to do? A. Work in the evenings. B. Work on weekends. C. Work far away from home. 16. Which job will Paul probably consider? A. A reporter. B. A waiter. C. A bus driver. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20四个小题。 17. Why did Saroo Brierley get on the train when he was four? A. To travel to a new city. B. To go back home. C. To look for his brother. 18. What did Saroo Brierley write in his book A Long Way Home? A. His curiosity about his hometown. B. His impression of his brother. C. His Australian family. 19. How did Saroo Brierley find his hometown? A. By asking a lady for help. B. By going to Indian villages in person. C. By using a digital mapping program. 20. How did Saroo Brierley feel in the end? A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Curious. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A Best STEM Summer Camps For Kids Carnegie Mellon SAMS College preparation is a primary goal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs, and Carnegie Mellon University offers an accelerated (快捷的) summer academy for this specific purpose. The best part about it is that it’s completely free for students. The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS) lasts five weeks and provides a full-time educational experience during the school break. Applicants need to be a junior in high school. Mad Science Worldwide Mad Science Worldwide has several locations across the United States and other countries. Unlike other traditional camps, their STEM camps are hosted at schools and allow entire classes to attend. Mad Science Worldwide has summer camps for kids ages 3-12. Sessions are available in half-day and full-day sessions. The teacher-to-student rate falls between 1:12-1:15, with instructors who are either teachers or college students with previous experience teaching children. AstroCamp Located in the beautiful San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California, AstroCamp combines the traditional summer camps with a large list of activities focused on STEM learning. AstroCamp offers two-week sessions of education and fun to kids ages 8 to 17. Camp activities like rock climbing, hiking, and sailing, keep campers active in the sun. In STEM activities kids can explore the universe with telescopes during star nights or conduct experiments with gases and atmosphere in the lab. Space Camp Some children dream of being an astronaut, and they can live out those dreams at Space Camp. Located in Huntsville, Alabama, in cooperation with the U. S. Rocket and Space Center, Space Camp has served families since 1982. Programs are six days long for campers 9-18. Parents can share the fun with their children by enrolling in the Family Space Academy option, which lasts three days. There are also other specialty camps that focus on aviation (航空) and cybersecurity. 1. What’s the purpose of Carnegie Mellon SAMS? A. To get students ready for higher education. B. To offer scholarship to high school students. C. To entertain students during summer holiday. D. To provide students with full-time college experience. 2. What do we know about AstroCamp? A. It is sponsored by local space center. B. It is a two-week camp based at a school. C. It features various exciting extreme sports. D. It integrates regular camp activities with STEM learning. 3. Which camp has activities intended for both children and parents? A. AstroCamp. B. Carnegie Mellon SAMS. C. Space Camp. D. Mad Science Worldwide. B It’s a truth universally acknowledged that kids are rarely fond of eating their greens. But fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet, which makes parents come up with creative solutions to get their children to happily eat them. That’s how food artist Sarah Beach came up with an idea — turn these ingredients into characters, animals, objects, and even inspiring messages. Her delicious creations, which she shares on her Facebook, are also a feast for the eyes. Beach’s adventure in the world of food art began in 2018, with a simple rabbit design. Her food artworks not only put a smile on her children’s faces, but also keep them coming back for more. For the artist, food art has also provided her with a way to relax after work. “Most of my designs start due to an event or idea I have. Then I look which fruits would work to make the design appealing to kids,” she said. “Colors are key.” Staying true to her purpose, Beach only uses fresh fruit and vegetables, along with seeds, nuts, and occasionally a touch of chocolate. Her art does not contain any food additives (添加剂). Sticking to her values around food has made her notice the versatility (多功能) of each ingredient. For Beach, blueberries lend themselves perfectly for various elements. “I love working with blueberries. You can use them for eyes, skin, lines and background. Very healthy and delicious as well.” Everyone has their own unique approach to creativity. Beach said, “I don’t really have a creative process. The most basic of my creations take only around 30 minutes to create, while some more complex designs take up to two hours. I get ideas when I listen to the news, read books or surf the Internet. I have a deep-seated inner passion to develop novel, useful, and sometimes beautiful solutions to kids’ healthy eating. So my fruit art illustrates my belief and passion.” 4. Why did Sarah Beach start creating food art? A. To develop a new hobby after work. B. To become famous on social media. C. To experiment with different food ingredients. D. To get kids to eat fruits and vegetables happily. 5. What does Sarah say about the colors in her food art designs? A. They are essential to her food art. B. They are selected by the children. C. They are optional for some designs. D. They are replaced by artificial colors. 6 What can we know about Sarah from the last paragraph? A. She uses natural ingredients for her designs. B. She integrates love and creativity into her food art. C. She cooperates with social media for inspiration. D. She is unwilling to concentrate on the creative process. 7. What is the best title of the text? A. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Benefiting Children B. Practical Suggestions on Maintaining a Healthy Diet C. Turn Ordinary Ingredients into Delicious Works of Art D. Sarah Beach’s Journey to Be a Professional Food Artist C Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state. Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing (注视) forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous (自发的) posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. In the other study this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures-from upright to very slumped-in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture. Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 8. Why does the writer introduce the studies at the beginning? A. To explain what cognitive performance is. B. To emphasize the importance of body posture. C. To prove the results of those studies are inaccurate. D. To raise a new question to be studied and solved. 9. What does the underlined word “hunched” mean in paragraph 3? A. Straight. B. Bent. C. Loose. D. Solid. 10. What does the study conducted by the New Zealand team indicate? A. Posture influences our mental state. B. Straightening up has a negative effect. C. Gazing upward builds up confidence. D. Walking posture is hard to adjust. 11. What can we learn about sitting upright? A. It requires sitting for a long time. B. It helps improve the test pass rate. C. It has mental and physical benefits. D. It increases the blood pressure. D With more than half the country located below sea level, the Netherlands has a history of flooding. Now climate change has brought more severe weather, heavy rainfall, and even drought to the area, forcing the city of Amsterdam to consider new ways to protect itself, and that’s where Resilio comes in. The project Resilio builds innovative smart blue-green roofs throughout Amsterdam. Together with the local government, from the years 2018 to 2022 they installed (安装) specialized roofs in Amsterdam neighborhoods that are in the most danger of flood damage. The roofs are similar to the concept of green roofs but a lot smarter. That’s because the roofs are made of many layers. The most important layer is the water remaining layer. This layer serves a double purpose. In times of heavy rainfall, it collects rainwater that would otherwise flood the streets, while in times of drought the water feeds the garden on the top layer. It is this layer that differentiates blue-green roofs from regular green roofs. A study in the Journal of Environmental Management shows that blue-green roofs can collect up to 97 percent of extreme rain, as opposed to the about 12 percent that regular green roofs can collect. What makes Resilio roofs so unique, however, are their smart systems. Multiple blue-green roofs are connected through a digital network, meaning the roofs can each be controlled individually, responding to the amount of water collected on that particular roof as needed. Each roof also has a smart valve (阀门) that is connected to a computer system called the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS networks with local weather forecasts to decide whether the valve on a particular roof should open, spilling water safely. and slowly into the sewer (下水道) system, or whether it should remain closed and collect the coming rain. These are the innovations that make Resilio truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs show that the solutions to the dangers that climate change brings need to be creative and must work on many levels. 12. What is the purpose of the Resilio project in Amsterdam? A. To study the effect of the blue-green roofs. B. To create gardens on the top of the buildings. C. To install specialized roofs in neighborhoods. D. To promote creative solutions to climate change. 13. What does the author mainly show in paragraph 3? A. The widespread use of the blue-green roofs. B. The intelligence of the blue-green roofs. C. The significance of water remaining layer. D. The new approach to collecting rainwater. 14. How does the author show the effectiveness of blue-green roofs in paragraph 4? A. By presenting reasons. B. By analyzing typical cases. C. By quoting research findings. D. By comparing opinions. 15. What makes controlling the water level on each roof system possible? A. The government’s support. B. The smart networks in Resilio. C. The convenient sewer system. D. The precise weather forecast. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is it that allows Steve Jobs and Elon Musk to innovate so consistently? ____16____ It’s about trying to step outside of the mental restrictions we impose (强加于) upon ourselves to attempt to look at a problem in a new light. Being creative allows yourself to do things experience things or consider things in unfamiliar ways. ____17____ Be curious. Creativity at work is not limited only to what goes on in the workplace. If you want to be a creative and innovative individual, you need to broaden your horizons. ___18___ This can help you learn about as many fields of knowledge as you can. If you have a too narrow outlook, you won’t be able to break out of your limited world view and make the connections you need to have original thoughts. ___19___ If creativity is all about having different perspectives and viewpoints, then it must make sense to hire people from different backgrounds and with different experiences. If you’re the boss, don’t simply hire people in your own image. If you populate your office with your clones and your company with like-minded people, creativity will suffer. A much better hiring policy is to try to create a team as diverse as possible. When it comes to discussions and coming up with new ideas, you will gain the rewards. Surround yourself with inspiration. Always be on the lookout for new and exciting material and decorate your workspace with whatever you find. ___20___ It’s up to you. Make sure you keep replacing everything too — it will keep your space fresh, and this, in turn, will keep your mind fresh. Above all, don’t let your environment become dull and boring. A. Build a diverse team. B. Organize brainstorming sessions in your team. C. Try to step outside of the world you are familiar with. D. Here are a few things to help you be more creative at work. E. Creativity is about trying to see things from a different angle. F. It’s amazing that a simple change of scenery can help your creativity flow again. G. It could be newspaper headlines, inspiring sentences, objects, photos or anything else. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a parent, there are certain situations you can’t help but fear. One of those happened to Stephanie George recently. On Saturday, she and her 7-year-old son Sebastian were spending a ____21____ evening together. Because Sebastian has a rare genetic disability, he ____22____ through a feeding tube (管子). Usually, he experiences no ____23____. But on that night, something went wrong. It turns out that the potato and chicken wasn’t got ____24____ well enough for the 7-year-old. As a result, the food got stuck in his throat. He began to ____25____. Stephanie did her best to stay ____26____, but it didn’t take long for this situation-to become terrible. As a result, this mom hurried to ____27____ her phone, but as she was typing the number 911 and looking to ____28____ Sebastian, he was already blue. That’s when she started to ____29____. Afraid that help wouldn’t arrive in time, Stephanie ____30____ to a neighbor named Gary Hutchinson. With Sebastian in her ____31____, she spoke to Gary through his doorbell camera while he made his way to them. Despite the ____32____ situation, both adults were able to remain calm and act quickly. ____33____, Gary has had CPR training, so he recovered his instincts (本能) once Sebastian was in his ____34____. So, terrifying as this situation was for all three of them, in the end, this 7-year-old was ____35____ just in time. He’s doing just fine now! Stephanie couldn’t be more grateful. 21. A. exceptional B. normal C. painful D. desperate 22. A. breathes B. shifts C. digests D. eats 23. A. operation B. issues C. delays D. blame 24. A. melt B. packed C. cleaned D. mixed 25. A. scream B. bleed C. choke D. chew 26. A. calm B. strict C. optimistic D. outstanding 27. A. drop B. arrange C. grab D. select 28. A. assess B. encourage C. treat D. justify 29. A. complain B. panic C. reform D. collapse 30. A. rang up B. drove away C. rushed over D. came back 31. A. arms B. knees C. wheelchair D. hands 32. A. amazing B. confusing C. frightening D. embarrassing 33. A. Ultimately B. Initially C. Obviously D. Thankfully 34. A. motivation B. care C. assumption D. experiment 35. A. saved B. connected C. praised D. convinced 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passant Sayed Khalil is a Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University in Egypt. She began learning Chinese at the suggestion of her father, ____36____ believed that the relationship between Egypt and China was becoming increasingly close, making learning Chinese very ____37____ (benefit) to future development. However, her journey of learning Chinese was full of ____38____ (challenge). Passant Sayed Khalil recalled facing pronunciation difficulties in the first week of learning Chinese at Cairo University. “Chinese is ____39____ (complete) different from my native Arabic language. So I needed to put in extra effort to learn.” Through continuous hard work, Passant Sayed Khalil’s Chinese proficiency improved over time. In 2019, she ____40____ (award) the global championship of the 18th “Chinese Bridge” World University Chinese Language Competition. In September 2019, after ____41____ (graduate) from Cairo University, Passant Sayed Khalil went to Beijing Normal University ____42____ (pursue) her master’s degree. In July 2021, after two years of study at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University, she successfully obtained her master’s degree ____43____ became a Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University. Today, she often tells her students stories about China and ____44____ (it) culture in the classroom. She shares her secrets of learning Chinese with her students-practice more, face difficulties, and also shows them places ______45______ interest in Beijing such as the Great Wall to experience Chinese culture. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写信告诉你他对一些中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑。据此，请你给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表达安慰； 2. 举例说明中国人的日常肢体语言； 3. 你的期盼。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One afternoon, Emma and I were walking home from school, chatting about our day. Emma, with her curious eyes shining, asked me about my friendship with Lucy. Without thinking, I said, “I only hung out with Lucy because she wanted me to, but I didn’t really want to be friends with her. She was kind of boring.” Unluckily, I didn’t know Lucy was nearby. When I looked up, she was right there, having heard everything. Her face turned pale, and her eyes got big with surprise. She didn’t say anything and ran off. Emma and I just stood there, feeling bad. I knew I should go after Lucy and say sorry, but I was too shocked to move. Emma’s face turned red too. We walked home without talking, and it felt like our steps were getting heavier The next days were hard. I felt really bad about what I said and wanted to fix things with Lucy. I needed to say sorry. But what should I say? Even though I didn’t mean to, I hurt Lucy’s feelings. Every time I saw her at school, I looked away quickly. Then, something interesting happened in our speaking class. On Tuesday, Ms. Julia said we would do pre-class speeches. She had written our topics on small pieces of paper and put them in a box. We had to pick one without knowing what it was. I was a bit nervous. When I reached into the box, I pulled out a paper that said, “Tell your most embarrassing moment.” My heart was beating fast. It felt like I was given a chance to make things right I spent the next few days practicing my speech, trying to find the right words to apologize to Lucy. I wanted to be sincere and show her I was sorry. When the day of the speech came, I was still nervous, but I knew it was important to face my mistake. I stood in front of the class, took a deep breath, and began to share my story, hoping it would help me and Lucy move forward. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Knowing what I had to say, I calmed myself down and walked to the stage. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That day marked a turning point. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 ACABA 6-10 BCBCC 11-15 BACAC 16-20 BCACB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024—2025学年高二开年大联考 英语试题 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 考试时间为120分钟，满分150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will Mary do next? A. Teach Mike in person. B. Lend her notebook to Mike. C. Hand in Mike’s sick note. 2. How did the woman get the paper cuttings? A. She cut them herself. B. Her father bought them for her. C. Her friend gave them to her. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. At the woman’s home. C. At the man’s home. 4 Who is probably the woman? A. A designer. B. A model. C. A saleswoman. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Their travel experiences. B. Their favorite cities. C. Their holiday plans. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7两个小题。 6. Why does the man apologize? A. For not going to the amusement park. B. For not attending the parent-teacher meeting. C. For not explaining the reason in time. 7. What subject is the woman probably bad at? A. Math. B. English. C. Physics. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9两个小题。 8. How did the woman know about the sofa? A. From the newspaper. B. From her brother. C. From an app. 9. Why did the man decide to sell the sofa? A. His wife doesn’t like it. B. He has bought a new sofa. C. There isn’t enough room for it in his new place. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12三个小题。 10. What is the man concerned about most? A. The floor. B. The balcony. C. The sports facilities. 11. How much does the man have to pay? A. $800. B. $720. C. $400. 12. What information does the man provide in the end? A. His email address. B. His phone number. C. His full name. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16四个小题。 13. What was Paul doing before the conversation? A. Playing video games. B. Recording a video. C. Playing with his phone. 14. How does the woman suggest Paul find a job? A. By searching the Internet. B. By reading the local newspapers. C. By walking around in the city. 15. What is Paul probably unwilling to do? A. Work in the evenings. B. Work on weekends. C. Work far away from home. 16. Which job will Paul probably consider? A. A reporter. B. A waiter. C. A bus driver. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20四个小题。 17. Why did Saroo Brierley get on the train when he was four? A. To travel to a new city. B. To go back home. C. To look for his brother. 18. What did Saroo Brierley write in his book A Long Way Home? A. His curiosity about his hometown. B. His impression of his brother. C. His Australian family. 19. How did Saroo Brierley find his hometown? A. By asking a lady for help. B. By going to Indian villages in person. C. By using a digital mapping program. 20. How did Saroo Brierley feel in the end? A. Disappointed. B. Excited. C. Curious. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A Best STEM Summer Camps For Kids Carnegie Mellon SAMS College preparation is a primary goal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs, and Carnegie Mellon University offers an accelerated (快捷的) summer academy for this specific purpose. The best part about it is that it’s completely free for students. The Summer Academy for Math and Science (SAMS) lasts five weeks and provides a full-time educational experience during the school break. Applicants need to be a junior in high school. Mad Science Worldwide Mad Science Worldwide has several locations across the United States and other countries. Unlike other traditional camps, their STEM camps are hosted at schools and allow entire classes to attend. Mad Science Worldwide has summer camps for kids ages 3-12. Sessions are available in half-day and full-day sessions. The teacher-to-student rate falls between 1:12-1:15, with instructors who are either teachers or college students with previous experience teaching children. AstroCamp Located in the beautiful San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California, AstroCamp combines the traditional summer camps with a large list of activities focused on STEM learning. AstroCamp offers two-week sessions of education and fun to kids ages 8 to 17. Camp activities like rock climbing, hiking, and sailing, keep campers active in the sun. In STEM activities kids can explore the universe with telescopes during star nights or conduct experiments with gases and atmosphere in the lab. Space Camp Some children dream of being an astronaut, and they can live out those dreams at Space Camp. Located in Huntsville, Alabama, in cooperation with the U. S. Rocket and Space Center, Space Camp has served families since 1982. Programs are six days long for campers 9-18. Parents can share the fun with their children by enrolling in the Family Space Academy option, which lasts three days. There are also other specialty camps that focus on aviation (航空) and cybersecurity. 1. What’s the purpose of Carnegie Mellon SAMS? A. To get students ready for higher education. B. To offer scholarship to high school students. C. To entertain students during summer holiday. D. To provide students with full-time college experience. 2. What do we know about AstroCamp? A. It is sponsored by local space center. B. It is a two-week camp based at a school. C. It features various exciting extreme sports. D It integrates regular camp activities with STEM learning. 3. Which camp has activities intended for both children and parents? A. AstroCamp. B. Carnegie Mellon SAMS. C. Space Camp. D. Mad Science Worldwide. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合孩子们的几个暑期夏令营。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“College preparation is a primary goal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs, and Carnegie Mellon University offers an accelerated (快捷的) summer academy for this specific purpose. (为大学做准备是科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）项目的主要目标，卡内基梅隆大学为此提供了一个加速的暑期学院)”可知，Carnegie Mellon SAMS的主要目的是使学生为大学做好准备。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Located in the beautiful San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California, Astro Camp combines the traditional summer camps with a large list of activities focused on STEM learning. (Astro Camp位于南加州美丽的圣哈辛托山脉，将传统的夏令营与大量专注于STEM学习的活动结合起来)”可知，关于Astro Cam将传统的夏令营与大量专注于STEM学习的活动结合起来。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Programs are six days long for campers 9-18. Parents can share the fun with their children by enrolling in the Family Space Academy option, which lasts three days. (项目为期六天，适用于9-18岁的露营者。家长可以报名参加为期三天的家庭太空学院，与孩子一起分享乐趣)”可知，Space Camp提供的夏令营活动有适合孩子和家长的活动。故选C。 B It’s a truth universally acknowledged that kids are rarely fond of eating their greens. But fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet, which makes parents come up with creative solutions to get their children to happily eat them. That’s how food artist Sarah Beach came up with an idea — turn these ingredients into characters, animals, objects, and even inspiring messages. Her delicious creations, which she shares on her Facebook, are also a feast for the eyes. Beach’s adventure in the world of food art began in 2018, with a simple rabbit design. Her food artworks not only put a smile on her children’s faces, but also keep them coming back for more. For the artist, food art has also provided her with a way to relax after work. “Most of my designs start due to an event or idea I have. Then I look which fruits would work to make the design appealing to kids,” she said. “Colors are key.” Staying true to her purpose, Beach only uses fresh fruit and vegetables, along with seeds, nuts, and occasionally a touch of chocolate. Her art does not contain any food additives (添加剂). Sticking to her values around food has made her notice the versatility (多功能) of each ingredient. For Beach, blueberries lend themselves perfectly for various elements. “I love working with blueberries. You can use them for eyes, skin, lines and background. Very healthy and delicious as well.” Everyone has their own unique approach to creativity. Beach said, “I don’t really have a creative process. The most basic of my creations take only around 30 minutes to create, while some more complex designs take up to two hours. I get ideas when I listen to the news, read books or surf the Internet. I have a deep-seated inner passion to develop novel, useful, and sometimes beautiful solutions to kids’ healthy eating. So my fruit art illustrates my belief and passion.” 4. Why did Sarah Beach start creating food art? A. To develop a new hobby after work. B. To become famous on social media. C. To experiment with different food ingredients. D. To get kids to eat fruits and vegetables happily. 5. What does Sarah say about the colors in her food art designs? A. They are essential to her food art. B. They are selected by the children. C. They are optional for some designs. D. They are replaced by artificial colors. 6. What can we know about Sarah from the last paragraph? A. She uses natural ingredients for her designs. B. She integrates love and creativity into her food art. C. She cooperates with social media for inspiration. D. She is unwilling to concentrate on the creative process. 7. What is the best title of the text? A. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Benefiting Children B. Practical Suggestions on Maintaining a Healthy Diet C. Turn Ordinary Ingredients into Delicious Works of Art D. Sarah Beach’s Journey to Be a Professional Food Artist 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sarah Beach如何通过创意食物艺术让孩子爱上果蔬。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“It’s a truth universally acknowledged that kids are rarely fond of eating their greens. But fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet, which makes parents come up with creative solutions to get their children to happily eat them. That’s how food artist Sarah Beach came up with an idea-turn these ingredients into characters, animals, objects, and even inspiring messages. (众所周知，孩子们通常都不喜欢吃蔬菜。但水果和蔬菜是健康饮食的基础，这促使家长们想出了各种创意方法，让孩子们乐于吃这些蔬果。这就是食物艺术家Sarah Beach想出的一个主意——把这些食材变成角色、动物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息。)”可知，Sarah Beach开始创作食物艺术是为了让孩子们快乐地吃水果和蔬菜。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中““Most of my designs start due to an event or idea I have. Then I look which fruits would work to make the design appealing to kids,” she said. “Colors are key.” (她说：“我的大部分设计都是源于某个事件或想法。然后我会看看哪些水果能让设计对孩子们更有吸引力。色彩是关键。)”可知，Sarah说颜色在她的食物艺术设计中是必不可少的。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“I have a deep-seated inner passion to develop novel, useful, and sometimes beautiful solutions to kids’ healthy eating. So my fruit art illustrates my belief and passion. (我内心有着一种根深蒂固的热情，想要为孩子们的健康饮食开发出新颖、实用，有时还很美观的解决方案。因此，我的水果艺术作品体现了我的信念和热情。)”可知，Sarah将爱和创造力融入到了她的食物艺术中。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“It’s a truth universally acknowledged that kids are rarely fond of eating their greens. But fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet, which makes parents come up with creative solutions to get their children to happily eat them. That’s how food artist Sarah Beach came up with an idea-turn these ingredients into characters, animals, objects, and even inspiring messages. (众所周知，孩子们通常都不喜欢吃蔬菜。但水果和蔬菜是健康饮食的基础，这促使家长们想出了各种创意方法，让孩子们乐于吃这些蔬果。这就是食物艺术家Sarah Beach想出的一个主意——把这些食材变成角色、动物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息。)”可知，本文主要讲述了食物艺术家Sarah Beach为了让孩子们快乐吃水果和蔬菜，把这些食材变成人物、动物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息，即把普通食材变成美味艺术品。所以文章最好的标题是“Turn Ordinary Ingredients into Delicious Works of Art (把普通食材变成美味艺术品)”。故选C。 C Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state. Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing (注视) forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous (自发的) posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. In the other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures-from upright to very slumped-in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture. Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 8. Why does the writer introduce the studies at the beginning? A. To explain what cognitive performance is. B. To emphasize the importance of body posture. C. To prove the results of those studies are inaccurate. D. To raise a new question to be studied and solved. 9. What does the underlined word “hunched” mean in paragraph 3? A. Straight. B. Bent. C. Loose. D. Solid. 10. What does the study conducted by the New Zealand team indicate? A. Posture influences our mental state. B. Straightening up has a negative effect. C. Gazing upward builds up confidence. D. Walking posture is hard to adjust. 11. What can we learn about sitting upright? A. It requires sitting for a long time. B. It helps improve the test pass rate. C. It has mental and physical benefits. D. It increases the blood pressure. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明身体姿势不仅能够影响我们的情绪，而且能够影响我们的认知表现。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information.(几项研究表明，身体姿势和情绪之间存在这种联系。其他研究表明，我们的情绪和认知表现之间存在关系，包括记忆力、推理能力、学习能力、反应速度和信息处理速度)”可知，研究证实了身体姿势和情绪之间的联系，以及情绪与认知表现之间的联系。结合第二段“So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance?(因此，一个合乎逻辑的问题出现了。身体姿势会影响我们的认知表现吗？)”可知，上述的研究发现会让人思考身体姿势与认知表现是否有联系的问题。因此，作者一开始提到这些研究是为了提出一个有待研究和解决的新问题。故选D。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state.(低着头、手臂不动走路会对我们的精神状态产生负面影响)”可知，走路的姿势是低头、手臂不动，和这种姿势配合的应该是“驼背”，hunched意思应该与Bent意思一致。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence.(研究团队发现，我们的姿势对我们的情绪和信心有非常明显的影响)”可知，新西兰研究小组的研究表明姿势会影响情绪状态。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A first observation indicates that ‘sitting upright’ is associated with a better overall mood.(第一个观察表明，“坐直”与更好的整体情绪有关)”和最后一段“Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position.(最后，令人惊讶的是，直立姿势时血压更有利一些)”可知，坐直有利于整体情绪、血压和背部保护，因此具有心理和身体的双重好处。故选C。 D With more than half the country located below sea level, the Netherlands has a history of flooding. Now climate change has brought more severe weather, heavy rainfall, and even drought to the area, forcing the city of Amsterdam to consider new ways to protect itself, and that’s where Resilio comes in. The project Resilio builds innovative smart blue-green roofs throughout Amsterdam. Together with the local government, from the years 2018 to 2022 they installed (安装) specialized roofs in Amsterdam neighborhoods that are in the most danger of flood damage. The roofs are similar to the concept of green roofs but a lot smarter. That’s because the roofs are made of many layers. The most important layer is the water remaining layer. This layer serves a double purpose. In times of heavy rainfall, it collects rainwater that would otherwise flood the streets, while in times of drought the water feeds the garden on the top layer. It is this layer that differentiates blue-green roofs from regular green roofs. A study in the Journal of Environmental Management shows that blue-green roofs can collect up to 97 percent of extreme rain, as opposed to the about 12 percent that regular green roofs can collect. What makes Resilio roofs so unique, however, are their smart systems. Multiple blue-green roofs are connected through a digital network, meaning the roofs can each be controlled individually, responding to the amount of water collected on that particular roof as needed. Each roof also has a smart valve (阀门) that is connected to a computer system called the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS networks with local weather forecasts to decide whether the valve on a particular roof should open, spilling water safely. and slowly into the sewer (下水道) system, or whether it should remain closed and collect the coming rain. These are the innovations that make Resilio truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs show that the solutions to the dangers that climate change brings need to be creative and must work on many levels. 12. What is the purpose of the Resilio project in Amsterdam? A. To study the effect of the blue-green roofs. B. To create gardens on the top of the buildings. C. To install specialized roofs in neighborhoods. D. To promote creative solutions to climate change. 13. What does the author mainly show in paragraph 3? A. The widespread use of the blue-green roofs. B. The intelligence of the blue-green roofs. C. The significance of water remaining layer. D. The new approach to collecting rainwater. 14. How does the author show the effectiveness of blue-green roofs in paragraph 4? A. By presenting reasons. B. By analyzing typical cases. C. By quoting research findings. D. By comparing opinions. 15. What makes controlling the water level on each roof system possible? A. The government’s support. B. The smart networks in Resilio. C. The convenient sewer system. D. The precise weather forecast. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍气候变化给阿姆斯特丹市带来了更恶劣的天气、强降雨，甚至干旱，迫使其应用Resilio项目，在整个阿姆斯特丹建造创新的智能蓝绿色屋顶。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“With more than half the country located below sea level, the Netherlands has a history of flooding. Now climate change has brought more severe weather, heavy rainfall, and even drought to the area, forcing the city of Amsterdam to consider new ways to protect itself, and that’s where Resilio comes in.(荷兰有一半以上的国土位于海平面以下，有洪水泛滥的历史。现在，气候变化给该地区带来了更恶劣的天气，暴雨，甚至干旱，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考虑新的保护自己的方法，这就是Resilio的作用所在)”和第二段“The project Resilio builds innovative smart blue-green roofs throughout Amsterdam.(Resilio项目在阿姆斯特丹各地建造了创新的智能蓝绿色屋顶)”由此推断，阿姆斯特丹Resilio项目就是促进解决气候变化的创造性方案。故选D。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The roofs are similar to the concept of green roofs but a lot smarter. That’s because the roofs are made of many layers. The most important layer is the water remaining layer. This layer serves a double purpose. In times of heavy rainfall, it collects rainwater that would otherwise flood the streets, while in times of drought the water feeds the garden on the top layer.(屋顶类似于绿色屋顶的概念，但更智能。那是因为屋顶有很多层。最重要的一层是水残留层。这一层有双重作用。在大雨的时候，它收集雨水，否则会淹没街道，而在干旱的时候，水浇灌在顶层的花园)”可知，该段主要讲述蓝绿色屋顶的智能性。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“It is this layer that differentiates blue-green roofs from regular green roofs. A study in the Journal of Environmental Management shows that blue-green roofs can collect up to 97 percent of extreme rain, as opposed to the about 12 percent that regular green roofs can collect.(正是这一层将蓝绿色屋顶与普通绿色屋顶区分开来。发表在《环境管理杂志》上的一项研究表明，蓝绿色屋顶可以收集多达97%的极端雨水，而普通绿色屋顶只能收集12%的极端雨水)”可知，作者通过引用研究发现来展示蓝绿色屋顶的有效性。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“What makes Resilio roofs so unique, however, are their smart systems. Multiple blue-green roofs are connected through a digital network, meaning the roofs can each be controlled individually, responding to the amount of water collected on that particular roof as needed.(然而，使Resilio如此独特的是它们的智能系统。多个蓝绿屋顶通过数字网络连接起来，这意味着每个屋顶都可以单独控制，根据需要在特定屋顶上收集的水量做出反应)”可知，Resilio系统中的智能网络使得控制每个屋顶系统的水位成为可能。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is it that allows Steve Jobs and Elon Musk to innovate so consistently? ____16____ It’s about trying to step outside of the mental restrictions we impose (强加于) upon ourselves to attempt to look at a problem in a new light. Being creative allows yourself to do things, experience things or consider things in unfamiliar ways. ____17____ Be curious. Creativity at work is not limited only to what goes on in the workplace. If you want to be a creative and innovative individual, you need to broaden your horizons. ___18___ This can help you learn about as many fields of knowledge as you can. If you have a too narrow outlook, you won’t be able to break out of your limited world view and make the connections you need to have original thoughts. ___19___ If creativity is all about having different perspectives and viewpoints, then it must make sense to hire people from different backgrounds and with different experiences. If you’re the boss, don’t simply hire people in your own image. If you populate your office with your clones and your company with like-minded people, creativity will suffer. A much better hiring policy is to try to create a team as diverse as possible. When it comes to discussions and coming up with new ideas, you will gain the rewards. Surround yourself with inspiration. Always be on the lookout for new and exciting material and decorate your workspace with whatever you find. ___20___ It’s up to you. Make sure you keep replacing everything too — it will keep your space fresh, and this, in turn, will keep your mind fresh. Above all, don’t let your environment become dull and boring. A. Build a diverse team. B. Organize brainstorming sessions in your team. C. Try to step outside of the world you are familiar with. D. Here are a few things to help you be more creative at work. E. Creativity is about trying to see things from a different angle. F. It’s amazing that a simple change of scenery can help your creativity flow again. G. It could be newspaper headlines, inspiring sentences, objects, photos or anything else. 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何培养创造力给出三条建议。 【16题详解】 根据下文“It’s about trying to step outside of the mental restrictions we impose (强加于) upon ourselves to attempt to look at a problem in a new light. Being creative allows yourself to do things, experience things or consider things in unfamiliar ways. (它是关于试图走出我们强加给自己的精神限制，试图从新的角度看待问题。有创造力可以让你用不熟悉的方式去做事情、体验事情或思考事情。)”可知，这都是对creativity的解释，所以it指代前面的creativity，空格处应该是提出creativity这一概念，所以E选项“创造力就是尝试从不同的角度看问题。”符合题意，故选E。 【17题详解】 结合上文并根据下文的小标题可知，文章就如何培养创造力给出了三条具体建议，所以D选项“这里有一些方法可以帮助你在工作中更有创造力。”能够承接上文并引出下文，符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Creativity at work is not limited only to what goes on in the workplace. If you want to be a creative and innovative individual, you need to broaden your horizons. (工作中的创造力并不仅仅局限于工作场所。如果你想成为一个有创造力和创新精神的人，你需要拓宽你的视野。)”可知，下文应是拓宽视野的做法，C选项“试着走出你所熟悉的世界。”符合题意，并且呼应上文的不仅仅局限于工作场所，故选C。 【19题详解】 根据本段的最后两句“A much better hiring policy is to try to create a team as diverse as possible. When it comes to discussions and coming up with new ideas, you will gain the rewards. (更好的招聘策略是创建一个尽可能多样化的团队。当涉及到讨论和提出新想法时，你将获得回报。)”可知本段主要讲的是要创建一个多样化的团队，所以A选项“建立一个多样化的团队。”符合本段主旨，适合做小标题，故选A。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Always be on the lookout for new and exciting material and decorate your workspace with whatever you find. (总是在寻找新的和令人兴奋的材料，用你找到的任何东西装饰你的工作空间。)”可知，下文应是关于一些能找到的装饰物，G选项“它可以是报纸标题、励志句子、物品、照片或其他任何东西。”正是具体的装饰物，符合题意，故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a parent, there are certain situations you can’t help but fear. One of those happened to Stephanie George recently. On Saturday, she and her 7-year-old son Sebastian were spending a ____21____ evening together. Because Sebastian has a rare genetic disability, he ____22____ through a feeding tube (管子). Usually, he experiences no ____23____. But on that night, something went wrong. It turns out that the potato and chicken wasn’t got ____24____ well enough for the 7-year-old. As a result, the food got stuck in his throat. He began to ____25____. Stephanie did her best to stay ____26____, but it didn’t take long for this situation-to become terrible. As a result, this mom hurried to ____27____ her phone, but as she was typing the number 911 and looking to ____28____ Sebastian, he was already blue. That’s when she started to ____29____. Afraid that help wouldn’t arrive in time, Stephanie ____30____ to a neighbor named Gary Hutchinson. With Sebastian in her ____31____, she spoke to Gary through his doorbell camera while he made his way to them. Despite the ____32____ situation, both adults were able to remain calm and act quickly. ____33____, Gary has had CPR training, so he recovered his instincts (本能) once Sebastian was in his ____34____. So, terrifying as this situation was for all three of them, in the end, this 7-year-old was ____35____ just in time. He’s doing just fine now! Stephanie couldn’t be more grateful. 21. A. exceptional B. normal C. painful D. desperate 22. A. breathes B. shifts C. digests D. eats 23. A. operation B. issues C. delays D. blame 24. A. melt B. packed C. cleaned D. mixed 25. A. scream B. bleed C. choke D. chew 26. A. calm B. strict C. optimistic D. outstanding 27. A. drop B. arrange C. grab D. select 28. A. assess B. encourage C. treat D. justify 29. A. complain B. panic C. reform D. collapse 30. A. rang up B. drove away C. rushed over D. came back 31. A. arms B. knees C. wheelchair D. hands 32. A. amazing B. confusing C. frightening D. embarrassing 33. A. Ultimately B. Initially C. Obviously D. Thankfully 34. A. motivation B. care C. assumption D. experiment 35. A. saved B. connected C. praised D. convinced 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了斯蒂芬妮·乔治和患有遗传缺陷的儿子吃饭时，儿子因为食物被卡在了喉咙，导致窒息。斯蒂芬妮情急之下向邻居加里·哈钦森求助，让儿子最终得救。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：周六，她和她7岁的儿子塞巴斯蒂安正在一起度过一个正常的夜晚。A. exceptional卓越的；B. normal正常的；C. painful痛苦的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“On Saturday, she and her 7-year-old son Sebastian were spending a”指母子俩在周六正度过一个正常的夜晚，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为塞巴斯蒂安有一种罕见的遗传缺陷，他通过喂食管进食。A. breathes呼吸；B. shifts移动；C. digests消化；D. eats吃。根据上文“Sebastian has a rare genetic disability”指因为儿子有一种罕见的遗传缺陷，所以他通过喂食管进食。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，他不会遇到任何问题。A. operation手术；B. issues问题；C. delays推迟；D. blame责备。根据后文“But on that night, something went wrong.(但那天晚上，出了问题)”可知，后文发生了转折，说明通常情况下不会遇到任何问题。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，对于这个7岁的孩子来说，土豆和鸡肉混合得不够好。A. melt融化；B. packed打包；C. cleaned清理；D. mixed混合。根据上文“the potato and chicken”以及后文“As a result, the food got stuck in his throat.(结果，食物卡在了他的喉咙里)”可知，土豆和鸡肉混合得不够好，导致被卡在了喉咙里。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始窒息。A. scream尖叫；B. bleed流血；C. choke窒息；D. chew咀嚼。根据上文“As a result, the food got stuck in his throat.(结果，食物卡在了他的喉咙里)”可知，食物卡在了他的喉咙里，导致他开始窒息了。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬妮尽力保持冷静，但没过多久，情况就变得很糟糕。A. calm平静的；B. strict严格的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据后文“both adults were able to remain calm”可知，母亲一开始尽力保持冷静。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，这位妈妈赶紧拿起她的手机，但当她正在输入911号码，想要评估塞巴斯蒂安的时候，他已经脸色发青了。A. drop落下；B. arrange安排；C. grab拿起，抓住；D. select选择。根据后文“her phone, but as she was typing the number 911”指抓起电话要拨打911求助，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，这位妈妈赶紧拿起她的手机，但当她正在输入911号码，想要评估塞巴斯蒂安的时候，他已经脸色发青了。A. assess评估；B. encourage鼓励；C. treat对待；D. justify辩解。根据后文“Sebastian, he was already blue”可知，母亲想要评估儿子的情况，发现儿子脸色发青了。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时她开始恐慌起来。A. complain投诉；B. panic恐慌；C. reform改革；D. collapse倒塌。根据上文“he was already blue”可知，儿子脸色发青了，母亲开始恐慌起来。故选B。 30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于担心救援无法及时到达，斯蒂芬妮赶紧跑去找邻居加里·哈钦森。A. rang up结账；B. drove away赶走；C. rushed over匆忙赶去；D. came back回来。根据后文“to a neighbor named Gary Hutchinson”指母亲赶紧跑去找邻居加里·哈钦森求助，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把塞巴斯蒂安抱在怀里，在加里向他们走来的时候，她通过他家门铃上的摄像头跟他说话。A. arms胳膊；B. knees膝盖；C. wheelchair轮椅；D. hands手。根据上文“With Sebastian in her”以及儿子当时窒息了，推测是把儿子抱在怀里找邻居求助，其他选择不符合语境。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况很可怕，但两位成年人都能保持冷静，并迅速采取行动。A. amazing惊讶的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. frightening可怕的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据后文“terrifying as this situation”此处指当时的情况很可怕。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，加里接受过心肺复苏术训练，所以在他照看塞巴斯蒂安之后，他恢复了本能。A. Ultimately最终；B. Initially首先；C. Obviously显然；D. Thankfully感谢地。根据后文“Gary has had CPR training”可知，幸运的是邻居接受过急救训练，可以帮上忙。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运是，加里接受过心肺复苏术训练，所以在他照看塞巴斯蒂安之后，他恢复了本能。A. motivation动力；B. care照顾，照看；C. assumption假定；D. experiment实验。根据上文“Gary has had CPR training, so he recovered his instincts once Sebastian was in his”以及母亲抱着窒息的儿子来求助，所以此处指邻居照顾窒息的儿子，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，尽管这种情况对他们三个人来说都很可怕，但最后，这个7岁的孩子及时得救了。A. saved挽救；B. connected连接；C. praised赞美；D. convinced使确信。根据后文“He’s doing just fine now!(他现在很好)”可知，儿子及时得救了。故选A。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passant Sayed Khalil is a Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University in Egypt. She began learning Chinese at the suggestion of her father, ____36____ believed that the relationship between Egypt and China was becoming increasingly close, making learning Chinese very ____37____ (benefit) to future development. However, her journey of learning Chinese was full of ____38____ (challenge). Passant Sayed Khalil recalled facing pronunciation difficulties in the first week of learning Chinese at Cairo University. “Chinese is ____39____ (complete) different from my native Arabic language. So I needed to put in extra effort to learn.” Through continuous hard work, Passant Sayed Khalil’s Chinese proficiency improved over time. In 2019, she ____40____ (award) the global championship of the 18th “Chinese Bridge” World University Chinese Language Competition. In September 2019, after ____41____ (graduate) from Cairo University, Passant Sayed Khalil went to Beijing Normal University ____42____ (pursue) her master’s degree. In July 2021, after two years of study at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University, she successfully obtained her master’s degree ____43____ became a Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute of Cairo University. Today, she often tells her students stories about China and ____44____ (it) culture in the classroom. She shares her secrets of learning Chinese with her students-practice more, face difficulties, and also shows them places ______45______ interest in Beijing such as the Great Wall to experience Chinese culture. 【答案】36. who 37. beneficial 38. challenges 39. completely 40. was awarded 41. graduating##graduation 42. to pursue 43. and 44. its 45. of 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述帕桑特·赛义德·哈利勒从学习中文到教授中文的故事。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她是在父亲的建议下开始学习中文的，她的父亲认为，埃及和中国的关系越来越密切，这使得学习中文对未来的发展非常有益。指代先行词 her father 且在从句中作主语，应用who 引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。beneficial to“对……是有益的”，此处“make+宾语+形容词作宾补”用形容词作宾语补足语。故填beneficial。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，她学习中文的旅程充满挑战。challenge名词，“挑战”，根据句意此处为复数意义。故填challenges。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：中文与我的母语阿拉伯语完全不同。所以我需要付出额外的努力来学习。修饰形容词 different，应用副词形式。故填completely。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：2019年，她获得了第18届“汉语桥”世界大学生中文比赛全球冠军。award sb. sth.“授予某人某物”，由时间状语In 2019可知，应用一般过去时被动语态。故填 was awarded。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：2019年9月，帕桑特·赛义德·哈利勒从开罗大学毕业后，前往北京师范大学攻读硕士学位。介词after后接名词或者动名词作宾语，after graduating/graduation表示“毕业之后”。故填graduating/graduation。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年9月，帕桑特·赛义德·哈利勒从开罗大学毕业后，前往北京师范大学攻读硕士学位。此处用动词不定式表目的。故填to pursue。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：2021年7月，她在开罗大学孔子学院学习两年后，顺利获得硕士学位，成为开罗大学孔子学院的一名中文教师。根据句意，前后句之间为顺承关系，故填and。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：如今，她经常在课堂上给学生讲中国及其文化的故事。指代“中国的”，用形容词物主代词its，故填its。 45题详解】 考查介词。句意：她与学生们分享学习汉语的秘诀——多练习，面对困难，并向他们展示北京的名胜古迹，比如长城，让他们体验中国文化。places of interest “名胜古迹”。故填of。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写信告诉你他对一些中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑。据此，请你给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表达安慰； 2. 举例说明中国人的日常肢体语言； 3. 你的期盼。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, Sorry to hear that you are puzzled about some Chinese gestures, which is common for the foreigners. In China, some body language is identical to yours, while some differs from yours. For example, we usually greet our guests by shaking hands. Some may favour a nod or smile, but try to avoid hugging, especially kissing on the cheek. In addition, we nod our heads to approve and shake our heads to say “no”. Of course, it is to show great respect for others that we bow. I hope the information above will help you adjust yourself to your life in China and enjoy yourself forever. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的告知信。要求考生给在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写封信，就其对中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑一事进行解释。 【详解】1.词汇积累 与……不同：differ from→ be different from 此外：in addition→ what’s more 适应：adjust oneself to→ get accustomed to 玩得开心：enjoy oneself→ have a good time 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition, we nod our heads to approve and shake our heads to say “no”. 拓展句：In addition, we nod our heads to approve while we shake our heads to say “no”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Sorry to hear that you are puzzled about some Chinese gestures, which is common for the foreigners.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】Of course, it is to show great respect for others that we bow.（运用了 it 作形式主语和that引导的主语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One afternoon, Emma and I were walking home from school, chatting about our day. Emma, with her curious eyes shining, asked me about my friendship with Lucy. Without thinking, I said, “I only hung out with Lucy because she wanted me to, but I didn’t really want to be friends with her. She was kind of boring.” Unluckily, I didn’t know Lucy was nearby. When I looked up, she was right there, having heard everything. Her face turned pale, and her eyes got big with surprise. She didn’t say anything and ran off. Emma and I just stood there, feeling bad. I knew I should go after Lucy and say sorry, but I was too shocked to move. Emma’s face turned red too. We walked home without talking, and it felt like our steps were getting heavier The next days were hard. I felt really bad about what I said and wanted to fix things with Lucy. I needed to say sorry. But what should I say? Even though I didn’t mean to, I hurt Lucy’s feelings. Every time I saw her at school, I looked away quickly. Then, something interesting happened in our speaking class. On Tuesday, Ms. Julia said we would do pre-class speeches. She had written our topics on small pieces of paper and put them in a box. We had to pick one without knowing what it was. I was a bit nervous. When I reached into the box, I pulled out a paper that said, “Tell your most embarrassing moment.” My heart was beating fast. It felt like I was given a chance to make things right I spent the next few days practicing my speech, trying to find the right words to apologize to Lucy. I wanted to be sincere and show her I was sorry. When the day of the speech came, I was still nervous, but I knew it was important to face my mistake. I stood in front of the class, took a deep breath, and began to share my story, hoping it would help me and Lucy move forward. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Knowing what I had to say, I calmed myself down and walked to the stage. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That day marked a turning point. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Knowing what I had to say, I calmed myself down and walked to the stage. I started speaking, even though my voice was a little shaky. I talked about how I’d acted without thinking and how sorry I was for hurting someone. When I finished my speech, I was sweating, and I wasn’t sure what the others would do. But they clapped for my honesty. Mrs. Julia even said I was brave for saying sorry in front of everyone. I went back to my seat and saw Lucy looking at me with tears in her eyes. That day marked a turning point. Lucy and I didn’t talk about what had happened, but we started to talk and laugh together again, as if she had silently forgiven me. I wasn’t proud of what I did in that speech class; instead, I was grateful for the experience. It taught me some important lessons that I’ve kept with me: talking badly about others can lead to regret, and true friendships need to be built on honesty and openness. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和其他同学说自己和露西不是真的朋友，结果被露西听到了，露西十分伤心地离开了。后来作者鼓起勇气在其他人前面向露西道了歉，取得了露西的原谅，两人再次成为朋友。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“知道自己要说什么，我让自己冷静下来，走向舞台”可知，第一段可描写作者演讲的内容以及其他人对作者道歉的反应。 ②由第二段首句内容“那一天标志着一个转折点”可知，第二段可描写露西和作者和好，以及作者对友谊的感悟。 2.续写线索：公开道歉——表达歉意——其他人为作者的诚实鼓掌——关系发生转折——取得原谅——作者对友谊的感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①结束：finish/complete ②导致：lead to/cause ③看着：look at /stare at 情绪类 ①勇敢的：brave/courageous ②诚实：honesty/integrity 【点睛】[高分句型1] I talked about how I’d acted without thinking and how sorry I was for hurting someone. (运用了how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] When I finished my speech, I was sweating, and I wasn’t sure what the others would do. (运用了when引导时间状语从句) 1-5 ACABA 6-10 BCBCC 11-15 BACAC 16-20 BCACB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$