内容正文:
基础知识定位
课标单词
achieve成功;实现 including包括;包含 speaker说某种语言的人 boss上司;老板 secretary秘书 quarter四分之一
industry制造业;工业 zero(数字)零 Indian印度人;印度的;印度文化的 type种;类;类型
课标短语
无
语法
复习状语从句
复习动词不定式
Unit 1
1. How much progress do you think you’ve made in English this year
do you think意为“你认为”,在特殊疑问句中插入语,起附加说明的作用。do you think作插入语时句型如下:
(1)疑问形容词/疑问词组+名词+do you think+主语+谓语动词+其他?
Which one do you think he will choose?你觉得他会选哪一个?
How many apples do you think he wants to buy?你觉得他想买多少个苹果?
(2)疑问代词/疑问副词/疑问词组+do you think+主语+谓语动词+其他?
What do you think he is?你觉得他的职业是什么?
How do you think the war broke out? 你认为那场战争是怎样爆发的?
How old do you think our English teacher is?你觉得我们英语老师多少岁?
(3)疑问代词(What/Which/Who)+do you think+谓语动词+其他?
Who do you think is fit for the job? 你认为谁适合这份工作?
知识归纳 do you think还可以接that引导的宾语从句,不接if、whether或疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Do you think the proposal is acceptable? 你认为这个建议可接受吗?
知识拓展 do you believe/do you guess/do you suppose也可以用在特殊疑问句中作插入语,用法和do you think相同。
Who do you believe can win the game?你相信谁能赢得这场比赛?
When do you guess the meeting will start?你猜会议将在什么时候开始?
How much beef do you suppose my mother has bought?你认为我妈妈买了多少牛肉?
2. I think I’ve achieved a lot.
句中’ve achieved是及物动词achieve的现在完成时态结构。achieve在此意为“取得”,比get正式,常接表示“进步、任务、成功”等词作宾语。其后的a lot指“很多进步”,相当于a lot of progress。
What should we do to achieve success? 我们应该做什么来取得成功呢?
知识归纳 achieve作及物动词时还可以意为“实现”,接表示“目标、梦想”等词作宾语。
Can I achieve my goal?
我能实现目标吗?
I can achieve my dream by working hard.
我可以通过努力工作来实现梦想。
知识拓展 achievement作可数名词时意为“成就”。
He was rewarded by the government for his scientific achievements.他因科学成就获得了政府奖励。
3.I hope my English is good enough for the exams,anyway.
anyway是副词,意为“不管怎样、无论如何”,作句子状语修饰它前面的一整句话“I hope......for the exams”。anyway可以与anyhow互换使用,可以放在句首或句末作句子状语,放在句首时可以用逗号将它与后面的句子隔开,放在句末时可以用逗号将它与前面的句子隔开。
Anyway/Anyhow,you cannot tell this to our teacher.
不管怎么样你不能把这事儿告诉老师。
4.It’s also the subject that I’m best at,although my spoken English is not that good.
(1)本句是含有定语从句、让步状语从句的复合句。It’s also the subject that I’m best at是主句,主句中含有关系代词that引导的定语从句that I’m best at,修饰是先行词the subject。先行词是事物名词,因此that可以与关系代词which互换使用。that在该定语从句中作介词at的宾语,因此它也可以省略。该定语从句中用了“be best at”短语,意为“最擅长”,接表示“事物”的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变成V-ing形式。
I am best at football.我最擅长足球。
Peter is best at swimming among us.我们当中彼得最擅长游泳。
(2)在although引导的让步状语从句although my ...that good中,that good表示“那么好”。that在此作程度副词,意为“那么”,相当于so,作程度状语修饰形容词原级或副词原级,而且要放在被修饰的词的前面。
He didn't look that bad.他看上去没那么坏。
I can’t walk that far. 我可走不了那么远。
知识拓展 that作程度副词时还可以构成“that+形容词原级+不定冠词 +单数可是名词”结构。
I can’t believe he is that good an actor. 我简直不敢相信他是那么好的一位演员。
5.English is difficult to learn at the beginning.
本句用的是“主语+be动词+difficult+动词不定式+其他.”句型,表示“......很难......”。动词不定式to learn作be difficult的补足语,动词不定式和主语English之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即“to learn English”。
These apples are difficult to reach. 这些苹果很难够到。
知识归纳 一些描述性质的形容词,比如easy、difficult、free、fit等,其后接动词不定式时动词不定式和主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。该动词不定式中的动词要用及物动词或“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语,动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The water is not fit to drink. 这水不宜喝。
The baby is not easy to look after. 这个孩子不好带。
6. But if you keep trying,you can make progress quickly and find a lot of fun in learning it.
(1)句中keep trying用的是“keep+V-ing”结构,表示“不停做某事”,指连续不断的动作,动作之间没有间隔。keep常接延续性动词的V-ing或静止动词的V-ing形式作宾语。
She kept sitting there all day.她一直坐在那儿一整天了。
She keeps laughing. 她一直在笑。
结构辨析 keep+V-ing和keep on+V-ing表示“不停地做某事”的区别:
keep on常接短暂性动词的V-ing形式,强调动作反复,动作与动作之间有间隔。
He kept on ringing me up, but I don't want to keep in touch with him any more.
他不断地给我打电话,可我不想和他保持联系了。
(2)find a lot of fun in learning it用的是find sth in doing sth结构,表示“在做某事的过程中感到......”。find作及物动词,意为“感受”,要接描述具体感情的名词作宾语,介词in的后面接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。
Love your work,and then you will find pleasure in mastering it.
热爱你的工作,你就会乐在其中。
7.I hope I can continue to make progress next year.
句中用了continue to do sth结构,表示“继续做某事”。continue在此作及物动词,意为“继续”,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语,还可以接动词不定式或V-ing结构作宾语。由于上下文没有明确说明是继续做不同的事,还是继续做同一件事,此时continue to do sth可以与continue+V-ing结构互换使用。
Let’s continue our work.我们继续工作吧。
We will continue to support Yao Ming.
=We will continue supporting Yao Ming.我们将继续支持姚明。
知识拓展 continue to do sth还可以指继续去做与目前所做的事情不同的另一件事情。continue doing sth指继续去做同一件事情。
After reading Lesson Nine,he continued to read Lesson Ten.读完第九课后他继续读第十课。(做的不是同一件事情)
He continued reading Lesson Ten.他继续读第十课。(做的是同一件事情)
8.You mean those clubs where people go to practise their English?
(1)这是一个带问号的陈述句,朗读时用升调。这种句子表示说话人具有怀疑语气,并且希望得到对方的确切回复。
—You are seven?你七岁了吗?
—Yes,I am seven.是的,我七岁了。”
(2)where people go to practise their English是由关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词clubs。关系副词where引导定语从句通常要修饰地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I was born.这是我出生时的房子。
(3)practise在此作及物动词,意为“练习”,是英式英语的写法,对应的美式英语是practice。practise/practice可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语,接动词作宾语时动词要变为V-ing形式。
I practise/practice football every day.我每天都练习足球。
He practises/practices driving a car every week.他每周都练习开车。
特别关注 practice意为“练习”是还可以作可数名词,practise无此用法。
I have to take a driving practice.我必须练习开车。
9. other people,including some English speakers from the UK and the US
including Chinese players是介词短语起补充说明的作用。including是介词,意为“包括”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词构成短语,
通常放在句中或句末。它放在句中时用逗号将它与前后内容隔开,放在句末时用逗号将它与前面的内容隔开。
Everybody in the village,including the old men and women,took part in the spring planting.村里每个人,包括老人和妇女,都参加了春种。
The book contains twenty maps,including three of Latin America.这本书里有二十幅地图,包括三幅拉丁美洲地图。
词语辨析 included和including的区别:
included是形容词,意为“包括的”,要将包含的内容放在included的前面。
Everybody laughed, him included.所有的人,包括他在内,都笑了。
Unit 2
1.English is used as a working language,for example,between bosses and secretaries
(1)句中between bosses and secretaries是由“between...and...”引导的介词短语作地点状语。between...and...表示“在...和...之间”,可以连接两个名词或代词,也可以连接三个名词或代词,它构成的短语还可以作表语。
Mars is between the Earth and Jupiter.火星位于地球和木星之间。
Luxemburg lies between France, Germany and Belgium. 卢森堡位于法国、德国和比利时之间。
词语辨析 between与among作介词表示“在.....之间”的区别:
1.between意为“两者之间”,也可以用于在三者中每两个作比较。
She is standing between the two men.
她站在两个男人中间。
What's the difference between these three words?
这三个单词之间有什么区别?(指三个词中每两个作比较)
2.among意为“三者或三者以上之间”。
They walk among the crowds in Red Square.
他们走在红场上的人群之中。
(2)boss是可数名词,意为“老板”,复数形式是bosses。secretary是可数名词,意为“秘书”,复数形式是secretaries。
It is important for bosses to have good terms with their workers.
老板和他们的工作人员保持良好关系是重要的。
They are both my secretaries.她们两个是我的秘书。
2. although there are many other languages for everyday use
everyday是形容词,意为“日常的”,可以与daily互换使用,要放在名词前面作定语。
The Internet has influenced our everyday/daily life.
英特网影响着我们的日常生活。
用法辨析 everyday和every day的区别:
every day意为“每天”,可以作时间状语。
Linda plays the pipa every day.
琳达每天都弹琵琶。
3.In China and many other countries,English is the most important foreign language that children learn at school,because when they grow up ,it will be quite possible for them to meet people from other countries
(1)本句是含有定语从句、原因状语从句、时间状语从句的复合句。In China...language that children learn at school是主句,主句中含有that引导的定语从句 that children learn at school,修饰先行词foreign language。先行词是事物名词,它的前面含有形容词最高级(the most important),因此该定语从句要用that引导,不能用which。由于that在该定语从句中作及物动词learn的宾语,因此that也可以省略。
Math is the most difficult subject(that)you will learn during these years.
数学是这几年当中你所学科目最难的一科。
(2)because when they grow up...other countries是because引导的原因状语从句。该从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句when they grow up。grow up是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“成长、长大”,不接宾语,可以接方位介词短语说明成长的地点。
He grew up in the countryside.他是在农村长大的。
知识归纳 grow up还可以表示“逐渐形成、发生、向上生长”。
Net approaching grows up among young people.
在年轻人中上网渐成时尚。
A dispute grew up among them.
他们之间发生了争吵。
Some plants like growing up towards the sunlight.
一些植物都喜欢朝阳生长。
4.English is now used by nearly a quarter of the world’s population
a quarter of the world’s population用的是“分数+of+population”结构。a quarter of表示“四分之一的”,也可以写成one quarter of“分数+of+population”结构作主语时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式(强调整体),又可以用复数形式(强调个体)。
A/One quarter of the population of the world like(likes) watching TV.
全世界四分之一的人口喜欢看电视。
Three quarters of the population of the country are workers.
这个国家有四分之三的人口是工人。(该结构中的谓语用are,不用is,是因为其后的表语是复数可数名词)
知识归纳 分数表达法:
(1)“基数词(分子)+序数词(分母)”构成分数。序数词(分母)前面不加冠词。分子是1,可以用one或a。分子大于1,分母要变为复数形式。
(2)“四分之一”可以用a / one fourth或a/one quarter,“四分之三”用three fourths或three quarters。
(3)表示“二分之一”不用a / one second表达,要用a / one half。
(4)“分数+of+名词”中的名词可以用不可数名词、单数可数名词或复数可数名词。该结构作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后面的名词来
确定(population除外)。of后面接不可数名词或单数可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。of后面接复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。
One fourth of the lakes in this area are polluted.
这个地区四分之一的湖泊被污染了。
5.anywhere you go in the world,there is a good chance that someone will speak English
(1)anywhere you go in the world是由anywhere引导的地点状语从句。anywhere在此作连词,意为“在任何......的地方”,可以与wherever互换使用。
You can go anywhere/whenever you want. 你想去什么地方就去什么地方吧。
知识拓展 anywhere作副词意为“在什么地方”,用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中代替somewhere。它意为“在任何地方”时可以用于肯定句或否定句。
I cannot find it anywhere. 我在什么地方都没找到它。
Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗?
If you go anywhere, take me with you. 你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。
I haven't got anywhere to live.我没有任何地方住。
Just put it down anywhere. 就把它随便放个地方。
(2)that someone will speak English是由引导词that引导的同位语从句修饰抽象名词chance,对chance作解释说明。同位语从句要修饰抽象名词(比如feeling、idea、fact等),用于对它们作解释说明。that引导同位语从句时没有含义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,但不能省略。
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that he succeeded in the experiment是that引导的同位语从句修饰fact,that在从句中不作成分)
用法辨析 that引导定语从句和that引导同位语从句的区别:
1)that引导定语从句时可以修饰表示“人、事物”的词(包含抽象名词),that引导同位语从句时只修饰抽象名词。
2)that引导定语从句时在该从句中作主语、宾语等成分,that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作成分。
The moon is a satellite that goes around the earth.
月亮是围绕地球运转的一颗卫星。(that goes around the earth是定语从句修饰moon,that在从句中作主语)
The news that you heard is true.
你听到的消息是真的。(that you heard 是定语从句修饰news,that在从句中作heard的宾语)
Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.
消息传来,说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。(that some tourists from America是同位语从句修饰news,在从句中不作成分)
6.The reason why English is spoken everywhere is that in the nineteenth century,English became the language of world trade.
本句用的是“The reason why引导的定语从句+is that引导的表语从句.”句型,表示“......的原因是......”。why English is spoken everywhere是由关系副词why引导的定语从句,修饰先行词reason。why引导定语从句时通常跟在reason的后面,相当于for which,在定语从句中作原因状语。in the nineteenth century,English became the language of world trade是that引导的表语从句,作is的表语。that引导表语从句时没有含义,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
I don’t know the reason why(for which)he left here.我不知道他离开这里的原因。
The reason why the USA wants to control oil is that oil is essential for a country’s economy.
美国想控制石油的原因是石油对一国经济至关重要。
7.As China continues to grow,many people think that Chinese will become as common as English by the middle of the twenty-first century.
在that引导的宾语从句 Chinese will...... the twenty-first century中,by the middle of the twenty-first century是by引导的介词短语作时间状语。by在此意为“到某时”,与一般过去时/一般现在时/一般将来时连用时,谓语动词常用状态动词(比如be动词)。
By this time you must be hungry.此刻你一定很饿。
I will be back by seven in the evening.我到晚上7点时会回来。
知识归纳 by表示“到某时”引导的介词短语还可以与完成时连用。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨天晚上9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
8.together with some European languages
together with意为“与......一起、连同”,相当于along with,可以接表示“人 、事物”的词构成插入语。它要放在句中或句末,放在句中时可以不用逗号将它与前后内容隔开,放在句末时常用逗号将它与前面的内容隔开。“together/along with+名词”放在主语后面作插入语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语来确定。
The boy together/along with the twins has gone to the library.那个男孩和那对双胞胎去了图书馆。
For my lunch at school,Mum often prepares some sandwiches,together/along with an apple or a banana.
因为我在学校吃午饭,妈妈经常为我准备些三明治,还有苹果或香蕉。
9.Even though we speak different types of English,
(1)Even though all of the photos are excellent是由even though引导的让步状语从句。even though意为“尽管、即使”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前面或主句后面都可以,放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。even though引导的让步状语从句的语气比although/though强烈。
Even though you are right,you should not beat him.
即使你是对的,你也不应该打他。
He went out even though it was raining.
他出去了,尽管正在下雨。
用法辨析 even if和even though都意为“即使、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,区别在于:even if引导的从句假设性更强,even though引导的从句更具有真实性。
Even if he is poor, she love him.
即使他很穷,她还是爱他。(他不一定真穷)
Even though he is poor, she love him.
即使他很穷,她还是爱他。(他真穷)
(2)句中用了different types of结构,表示“不同种类的”。type是可数名词,意为“种类”,比kind正式。different types of
可以接不可数名词或复数可数名词构成短语,名词前面不用修饰语。该短语作主语时谓语动词一律用复数形式。
Believe it or not, there are different types of rocks.
信不信由你,有不同类型的铁锤。
There are different types of food in the trade fair.
展销会上有不同种类的食物。
知识归纳 a type of表示“一种”。type的前面可以用形容词作定语,介词of的后面要接单数可数名词或不可数名词构成短语。该短语作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
A new type of car is being built by them.
一种新型汽车正被他们设计。
There is a type of friendship that all of the money cannot buy.
有一种友情,所有的钱都买不到它。
Unit 3:复习状语从句和动词不定式
一.where意为“在......地方”,引导地点状语从句时可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。where引导地点状语从句时它的前面没有地点名词,在该从句中作宾语或地点状语。
Where we come from,we like being on time.
我们那个地方,我们喜欢守时。
Hero worship is the strongest where there is least regard for human freedom.
在人的自由最不受到尊重的地方,英雄崇拜最盛行。
二.if、unless引导条件状语从句
【注释1】if意为“如果”,既可以引导真实条件句(情况会发生),又可以引导非真实条件句(情况难以发生)。
1.它引导真实条件句时:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时或主、从句都用一般现在时。
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the zoo.如果明天下雨,我们就不去动物园。
You can ask your teacher for help if you have some problems.
如果你有问题,可以向你的老师求助。
2.它引导非真实条件句时:
(1)对过去的情况进行假设,主句谓语用would have+过去分词,从句谓语用had+过去分词(过去完成时)。
If you had come earlier, you would have seen your favorite star.
假如你早一点来的话,你就能看到你喜爱的明星了。
(2)对现在的情况进行假设,主句谓语用would+动词原形,从句谓语用动词过去式(be动词用were)。
If I were you, I would ring her up right now.
我要是你的话,我会立刻给她打电话。
If you told her the news, she would be very sad.
假如你把这个消息告诉她的话, 她会很伤心的。
(3)对将来的情况进行假设,主句谓语用would+动词原形,从句谓语动词用should+动词原形。
If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间。
【注释2】unless意为“除非、如果不”,相当于if...not...(not放在谓语中),语气比if强。主句用一般将来时或一般现在时,unless引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。
You’ll fail in maths again unless you work harder.如果你再不加把劲,你数学考试还会不及格。
Unless you really don’t understand,don’t ask me any questions.
除非你真不懂,不然别问我任何问题。
特别关注
1.表示要去结束一个已经存在的想法或状态,而不是去开始一种新的想法或状态,if......not可以与unless互换。
I’ll stay at home unless I am invited to the party.
=I’ll stay at home if I am not invited to the party.
要是不邀请我去参加晚会,我就呆在家里。 (“邀请我参加晚会”会结束“我将呆在家里”这一现在的打算)
2.表示所述条件会导致一种新的想法或情况,用if......not,不用unless。
I’ll be angry if I’m not invited to the party.
如果不邀请我参加晚会,我会生气的。(“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况—“我会生气”)
3.当if...not引导非真实条件分句时,一般不用unless。
If she had not had an alarm clock,she would have missed the train.
如果她没有闹钟,她就赶不上火车。
三.although/though引导让步状语从句
although和though都可以作连词,意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,异同点如下:
相同点:although/though引导让步状语从句时主句的开头不能用表示转折含义的but或however,可以用表示转折含义的yet。
Though/Although my father was tired, yet he still continued working.
尽管我爸爸很疲惫,但他仍然继续工作。
不同点:
1.作连词时although在语气上比though正式。
2.though可以引导倒装结构,把从句中的表语或状语放到though的前面,although不可以。
Young though he is, yet he can be fit for the job.
尽管他很年轻,但还是能够胜任这份工作。
Fast though he runs,yet he lost the relay race.
尽管他跑得快,可还是输了这场接力赛。
四.so that引导目的状语从句
在现代英语语法中,so that引导目的状语从句时既可以放在主句前面,又可以放在主句后面,放在主句后面更为常见。它放在主句前面起强调作用,要用逗号将主、从句隔开。
1.so that引导的目的状语从句是肯定句,so that翻译为“以便、为了”,从句谓语常含有may、might、can、could等情态动词。
So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts,he has recently devoted much time to writing books on the subject.
为了下一代能够学会这些武术,他近来花了很多时间著书立说。
Say it louder so that everyone can hear you.
大声说,以便大家都能听到你。
2.so that引导的目的状语从句是否定句,谓语动词常含有情态动词should。此时常把so that和从句中的should+否定词合在一起翻译成“以免”。
He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.
他朝下望着,以免她看到他的眼睛。
五.so...that/such...that引导结果状语从句
【注释1】so......that......引导结果状语从句时表示“太......以至于......”,结构如下:
1.so+形容词原级+that从句
The classroom is so noisy that we can’t hear the teacher clearly.
教室太吵以至于我们听不清楚老师的话。
2.so+副词原级+that从句
The horse ran so fast that the man could hardly catch up with it.
马跑得太快,以至于那个人几乎追不上。
3.so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句(除表示“小的”的little以外,其他描述特点的形容词都可以用于该结构)
He is so good a teacher that we all love him.他是一位好老师,我们都爱他。
4.so many/few+复数可数名词+that从句
He made so many mistakes that he failed in passing the exam.他错得太多了,结果考试不及格。
5.so much/little+不可数名词+that从句
There is so much noise outside that I can’t hear what you have said.
外面嘈杂声很大,以至于我听不到你说了什么。
He has so little money that he cannot afford to buy a cell phone.他的钱太少了,买不起手机。
【注释2】such...that...引导结果状语从句表示“如此......以至于......”,结构如下:
1.such a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句(除描述数量的形容词以外,其他形容词都可以用于该结构)
It is such an exciting movie that I decide to watch it again.
这是一部刺激的电影,所以我决定再看一遍。
2.such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句(除描述数量的形容词外,其他形容词都可以用于该结构)
It is such nice weather that I want to go to the zoo.天气如此之好,以至于我想去动物园。
They are such bad boys that nobody plays with them.他们是坏男孩,以至于没人和他们一起玩。
特别关注
1.so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句中的形容词如果不是little(小的),可以与such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句互换使用。
He is so good a boss that we all admire him.
=He is such a good boss that we all admire him.他是一位好老板,我们都佩服他。
2.名词前面有little(小的)作定语,要用such......that......结构。
It is such a little sheep that it can't run fast.它是一只小绵羊,以至于跑不快。
六.because/since/as引导原因状语从句
because、since、as作连词时都可以引导原因状语从句,异同点如下:
相同点:because、since、as引导原因状语从句时都不能与so连接的结果分句连用。
不同点:
1.because意为“因为”,语气最强,指事情发生的直接原因。
I didn’t go because I was afraid.
我没有去是因为我害怕。
2.since的语气比because弱,意为“既然”,表示显然的理由。
Since you don't like it, I' ll put it away.既然你不喜欢,我就把它放在一边。
3.as的语气比since弱,意为“由于;鉴于”, 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”。
As there was no answer, I wrote again.鉴于没回复,我又写了一封信。
七.than、as引导比较状语从句
(1)as+形容词原级/副词原级+as引导比较状语从句,表示“与......一样......”。
She is as energetic as she used to be.
她不像过去那样充满活力了。
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。
(2)than作连词时意为“比”,引导比较状语从句。
She likes Danny better than she likes me.
她喜欢丹妮胜过喜欢我。
八.by the time、before、after引导时间状语从句
【注释1】by the time意为“到......的时候”,引导时间状语从句时既可以放在主句前面,又可以放在主句的后面,放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。主句要用将来完成时(will have+过去分词),从句用一般现在时。
By the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died.,
医生到达时,病人已经死了。
By the time he comes, we will have finished the job.
到他来的时候,我们将已经把活儿干完了。
【注释2】before作意为“在......之前”,引导时间状语从句。
1. 主从句都用一般现在时或都用一般过去时。
Do it before you forget.尽早动手,免得忘了。
I slipped out before the lecture started.
还没等讲座开始我就溜了出去。
2.主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will finish my housework before my parents come back.
我父母回来之前我将干完家务。
3.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
He had measured me before I could say a word.
我还没来得及说话, 他就给我量好了尺寸。
4.构成句型“It+be+时间段+before引导的时间状语从句.”,表示“......之后才......”。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时。
He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back.
他要去澳大利亚了,3年后才会回来。
During the war he joined the army and it was three years before he came back.
战争期间他参了军,3年后才回来。
【注释3】after作连词时意为“在.....之后”,是before的反义词,引导时间状语从句。
1.主从句都用一般现在时或都用一般过去时。
After you finish the letter show it to me.信写完后给我看看。
The students were quite tired after they finished too much homework.
做完了这么多家庭作业后,学生们相当疲倦。
2.主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will tell you after they leave. 他们走我再告诉你。
3.主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。
After she had arrived home, it began to rain.
她到家后就开始下雨了。
九.when、while、as引导时间状语从句
【注释1】when意为“当......的时候”,引导时间状语从句时从句谓语动词没有限制,从句谓语动作可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后发生或主从句谓语动作同时发生,时态特征如下:
1.主从句都用一般现在时或主从句都用一般过去时。
Please call me when you come back.你回来时请给我打电话。
I was out when you called me.你打电话给我时我在外面。
2.主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will finish cooking the dinner when my parents arrive home.
我爸妈到家时我将做完晚餐。
3.主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。
When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
4.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
When I got to the airport,the guests had left.
当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
5.构成句型“It +be动词+时间点+when引导的时间状语从句.”,表示“当......的时候是......”,主从句时态保持一致。
It was 8 o’clock in the evening when he came here. 他来的时候是晚上8点。
【注释2】while意为“当......的时候”,引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词或状态动词(比如be动词),从句谓语动词和主句谓语动作同时发生,时态特征如下:
1.主从句都用一般现在时。
We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。
2.主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will be kind to him while you are away.你不在时我会对他很好的。
3.主句用一般现在时(包含祈使句),从句用现在进行时。
It is not polite to speak loudly while you are having a meal.你吃饭时大声说话是不礼貌的。
Turn off TV while you are doing the homework.你做家庭作业要关掉电视机。
4.主从句都用过去进行时。
I was doing my homework while my brother was playing computer games.
当我弟弟在玩电脑游戏时我在写家庭作业。
【注释3】as意为“当......的时候”,引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词或短暂性动词,不用be/have/like等状态或静态意义的动词。从句谓语动作和主句谓语动作同时发生或主从句的动作紧接着先后发生,时态特征如下:
1.主从句都用一般现在时或一般过去时。
I slip on the ice as I run home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。
My cap was blown away as I stood up.我站起来时帽子被吹走了。
2.主句用一般现在时,从句用现在进行时。
As we are going out, it begins to rain.我们出门时,开始下雨了。
3.主句用一般过去时,从句用过去进行时。
As the doctors were checking him,the pain got worse.
医生正在给他检查时, 疼痛变得更厉害了。
特别关注:使用while/when/as表示“当.......时候”的注意事项:
1.从句谓语动词是状态动词时,when可以与while互换,不和as互换。
He always cries when/while he is sad.
她伤心的时候总是哭。
2.从句谓语动作和主句谓语动作同时发生,而且从句动作是延续性动词,when、while、as可以互换使用。
When/While/As we are dancing,a stranger comes in.
我们跳舞时一位陌生人走了进来。
3.从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前就发生了,只用when,不用as或while。
When I had finished the housework,I planned to play the chess.
我干完家务后打算下象棋。
4.主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,而且主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,用while,不用as或when。
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
I keep silent while he is writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。
十.动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,是非谓语动词的一种形式,否定形式是not to+动词原形。该结构可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、后置定语、目的状语等成分。
【注释1】动词不定式作主语时强调具体行为,表示意愿、目的或将要做的事情。单个动词不定式作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
To finish this project needs much effort. 完成这个课题需要很大的努力。
小贴士 it作形式主语时可以代替动词不定式部分。
It is wise of you to buy this house.
对你来说买这套房子真是太明智了。
【注释2】动词不定式作表语时,主语通常是表示“事物、事情”的词语,动词不定式用于解释主语的内容,通常表示将要发生的动作。
The first task is to read the whole article.第一项任务是通读整篇文章。
【注释3】某些及物动词接动词作宾语时动词必须变为动词不定式,比如agree、decide/determine/make up one’s mind、help、hope、manage、offer、plan、pretend、promise、refuse、wish等。
1. agree to do sth表示“同意做某事”。
I agree to help him.我同意帮助他。
2. decide/determine to do sth表示“决定做某事”,可以与make up one’s mind to do sth互换使用(one’s用形容词性物主代词,而且要与主语的人称保持一致)。
I decide/determine to go there as soon as possible.
=I make up my mind to go there as soon as possible.
我决定尽快地去那儿。
4.help to do sth表示“帮助做某事”(动词不定式符号to也可以省略)。
Peter helps(to)do the dishes.彼得帮助洗碗。
5.hope to do sth表示“希望做某事”。
I hope to become a doctor in the future.我希望将来成为一名医生。
6.manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”。
I manage to solve this problem.我设法解决了这个问题。
7.offer to do sth表示“主动提供做某事”。
Kent offers to help us.肯特主动提供帮助我们。
8.plan to do sth表示“计划做某事”。
I plan to go on a trip to Shanghai.我计划去上海旅行。
9.pretend(not)to do sth表示“假装(不)做某事”。
He pretended to be happy.他假装很开心。
He pretends not to see us.他假装没看到我们。
10.promise to do sth表示“保证做某事”。
You can borrow this bike if you promise to give it back tomorrow.
如果你答应明天归还,你就可以借走这辆车。
11.refuse to do sth表示“拒绝做某事”。
Thousands of people refuse to pay their taxes.成千上万的人拒绝交税。
12.wish to do sth表示“希望做某事”。
Do you wish to eat alone? 你希望一个人吃饭吗?
【注释4】某些及物动词或动词短语既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可以接V-ing形式作宾语,含义区别很大。
1.forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事”,强调事情做了。forget to do sth表示“忘记要做某事”,强调事情还没做。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着。他忘记关了。
2.mean doing sth表示“意味着......”(主语是事物或V-ing结构)。meaning to do sth表示“打算做某事”(主语是人)。
Catching the first bus means getting up early.赶上头班车就意味着要早起。
I mean to get up early.我打算早点起床。
3.regret doing sth表示“后悔做过做某事”,强调事情已经做了。regret to do sth表示“后悔要做某事”,强调事情还没做。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
I regret to have to do this because I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须要做这件事,因为我没有选择的余地。
4.stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”;stop to do sth表示“停下来做另一件事”。
You must stop smoking.你必须戒烟了。
He stops to smoke a cigarette. 他停下来,抽了根烟。
6.try doing sth表示“尝试做某事”,try to do sth表示“尽力做某事”(不一定能做成)。
Some scientists try replacing oil by water.有些科学家尝试用水取代油。
please try to finish this work in thirty minutes. 请尽力在30分钟完成这项工作。
7.want to do sth表示“想要做某事”。“want+V-ing”表示“需要被做某事”。
I want to go home. 我想回家。
Your coat wants brushing.你的大衣需要刷一刷。
【注释5】make / find / think/consider it+形容词/名词+to do sth是固定结构。it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式部分,形容词/名词作宾语补足语。
We make it a rule to get up at 6:00 in the morning every day.
我们使每天早上6点起床成为规定。
I find it difficult to learn French well.我发现学好法语很难。
I think it easy to learn English well.我觉得学好英语很简单。
We consider it hard to get along with him.我们认为与他和睦相处很难。
【注释6】动词不定式作宾语补足语时,该动词不定式是由宾语发出的动作。下列及物动词接动词作宾语补足语时动词必须变为动词不定式。
1.advise sb(not)to do sth表示“建议某人(不要)做某事”。
I advise him not to smoke.我建议他不要抽烟。
2.allow sb(not)to do sth表示“允许某人(不)做某事”。
I allow you to not go to bed now.我允许你现在不上床睡觉。
3.ask sb(not)to do sth表示“要求某人(不)做某事”。
I ask him not to turn on TV.我要求他不要打开电视。
4.help sb to do sth表示“帮助某人做某事”(动词不定式符号to可以省略)。
I help him(to)do the housework.我帮助他做家务。
5.teach sb to do sth表示“教某人做某事”。
Can you teach me to speak English?你能教我说英语吗?
6.tell sb(not)to do sth表示“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。
Linda tells me to clean the classroom.琳达告诉我要打扫教室。
7.want sb(not)to do sth表示“想要某人(不)做某事”,同义表达是would like sb(not)to do sth。
I want you to go shopping.我想要你去购物。
I would like you to go skating with me.我想要你和我一起去溜冰。
8.warn sb(not)to do sth表示“警告某人(不要)做某事”。
We warned her not to go skating on such thin ice.我们警告过她不要在这么薄的冰上滑冰。
9.wish sb(not)to do sth表示“希望某人(不要)做某事”。
I wish Peter to pass this exam.我希望彼得通过这次考试。
【注释7】使役动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语时动词不定式符号to要省略。
1.make sb(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“使某人做某事”。
I make him cry.我把他弄哭了。
2.let sb(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“让某人做某事”。
Let him go home.让他回家吧。
3.have sb(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“使某人做某事”。
We are going to have her live with aunt Xu.
我们准备让她和许大娘住在一起。
【注释8】表示“感觉、听、看”的及物动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语时强调动作已经完成,动词不定式符号to要省略。
1.feel sb/sth do sth表示“感到某人/某物做了某事”。
I feel something crawl up my arm.我感觉有东西爬上了我的胳膊。
2.hear sb/sth do sth表示“听到某人/物做了某事”。
I heard him sing just now.我刚才听见他唱歌了。
3.watch sb/sth do sth表示“观看某人做了某事”。
I watch him swim across the river.我观看他游过了河。
【注释9】动词不定式作后置定语:
1.动词不定式作后置定语表示逻辑上的主谓关系,即动词不定式是由被修饰的词发出的动作,暗含的动作性很强。
He is not a man to tell a lie.
他不是个说谎的人。(to tell a lie是man发出的动作)
2. 动词不定式作后置定语表示逻辑上的动宾关系,动词不定式中的动词是及物动词或“不及物动词+介词”结构。
Would you like to have something to drink?
你想喝点什么吗?
Please pass me some paper to write on.
请递给我一些写字的纸。
3.动词不定式修饰抽象名词时不存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,起到解释说明的作用。
I haven’t had a chance to think yet. 我还没有机会思考。
I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我是那样忙,我没有时间写信。
4.在口语中,动词不定式修饰place、time、way时,即使动词不定式含有不及物动词,也可以省略相应介词。
He has no money and no place to live(in).
他没有钱,也没有地方住。
We think the good way to travel(by) is on foot.
我们认为旅行的一种好的方式是步行。
There is no time to think(about).
没时间考虑了。
【注释10】动词不定式结构作目的状语
1.动词不定式结构作目的状语表示“为了......”,否定形式是not to+动词原形。它可以放在句首或句末,放在句首时要用逗号将它与后面的内容隔开。动词不定式是由主语发出的动作,是尚未发生的状态或动作。
To be slim, the girl goes on a diet.为了苗条,那个女孩节食了。
He turned his head around to look at people. 他扭头看人。
Not to be late for school,I take a subway to school.
为了不上学迟到,我搭乘地铁去上学。
2.in order to和so as to都表示“为了”,要接动词原形构成目的状语,是动词不定式作目的状语的强调形式。in order to可以放在句首或句末,so as to常放在句末,它们放在句末时可以互换使用。它们的否定形式分别是in order not to和so as not to。
In order not to frighten his wife,he left his gun outside
为了不吓到妻子,他把枪放在外面。
The couple go there in order to enjoy the fresh air.
=The couple go there so as to enjoy the fresh air.
那对夫妇去那儿享受新鲜空气。
考点聚焦
1.考点:achieve表示“实现”,可以接表示“梦想、目标”等词作宾语。
Dreams are beautiful.However,to______them needs lots of time and work.
A.discover B.find C.achieve D.stop
解析:题干表示“梦想很美。然而,_____它们需要很多时间和劳动。”空后面的them指dreams,可知要填表示“实现”的achieve,故选C。
2.考点:anyway表示“不管怎样、无论如何”。
真题链接:
1. (江苏省南通市中考题)
That’s a bad habit of learning.________,it is never too late for you to get out of it.
A.Instead B.Anyway C.Finally D.Similarly
解析:题干表示“_______,对你来说改掉它永远不晚。”结合关键句“That’s a bad habit of learning.(这是学习的坏习惯)”,可知要填表示“不管怎样”的anyway,因此选B。
3.考点:keep接动词作宾语时动词要变为V-ing形式。
In order to finish the task in time, John kept______ for four hours without rest.
A.work B.to work C.works D.working
解析:由于keep接动词时动词必须变为V-ing形式,因此选D。
4.考点:where引导定语从句时要修饰地点名词,在该从句中作地点状语。
This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
解析:题干意为“这是我三年前就读的小学。”___I studied three years ago是定语从句修饰地点名词the primary school。从句用的是“主语+不及物动词+时间状语”结构,可知从句主谓结构完整。它修饰地点名词,可知所填词在该从句中作地点状语,where引导定语从句时满足这两个要求,故选A。
5.考点:practice/practise表示“练习”,接动词作宾语时动词要变为V-ing形式。
Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.
A. play B. to play C. playing
解析: practices ________用的是“practice+所填词”结构。由于practice doing sth是固定用法,故选C。
6.考点:including表示“包括”,要放在所包括的内容的前面。
Many cities in China,_____Beijing,have been deeply affected by dirty air.
A. including B. behind C. without D. beyond
解析:题干意为“中国很多城市,____北京,已严重受到污浊空气的影响。”结合关键词Beijing(北京),可知要填表示“包括”的including,故选A。
7.考点:between...and...是固定短语,表示“在...和...之间”。
—Do you know the student _____ David and Jack?
—Yeah.It's Jim.
A.Among B.in C.between D.around
解析:题干意为“你知道_____戴维和杰克之间的那个学生是谁吗?”结合句意,可知要用between...and...短语表示“在...和...之间”,故选C。
8.考点:grow up表示“成长、长大”。
I want to be a scientist like Tu Youyou when I ________ in the future.
A. grow up B. wake up C. stay up
解析:我将来_____后要成为像屠呦呦一样的科学家。结合句意,可知要填表示“长大”的grow up,因此选A。
干扰项分析:wake up表示“叫醒、醒来”,stay up表示“熬夜”,不符合题意,故排除BC。
9.考点:英语中的分数由“基数词+序数词”构成,基数词大于1,序数词要变为复数形式。“分数+of+名词”结构作主语时谓语动词的形式要根据of后面的名词来确定。
It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted.
A. two third; has B. two thirds; have C. two third; are D. two thirds; is
解析:表示“三分之二”,分子大于1,分母要变为复数形式,即two thirds,排除A、C两项。分数+of+名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据名词来确定,of后面接的water是不可数名词,该结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,选项中的is是be动词的第三人称单数形式,故选D。
10.考点:even if表示“即使”,引导让步状语从句。
You will still miss the flight______you catch a Didi car.
A.even if B. as if C.until D.before
解析:空所在句表示“_______你赶上了滴滴打车”结合关键句“You will still miss the flight(你仍然会错过这趟航班)”,可知要填表示“即使”的even if,故选A。
干扰项分析:as if表示“好像”,until表示“直到”,before表示“在......之前”,不符合句意,排除BCD。
11.考点:if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句。主句用了一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
—What ______ if they ____ to the meeting late?
—Sorry,I don't know.
A. will happen; go B.happened; go
C.happens; will go D.will happen; will go
解析:if在此引导条件状语从句,要遵循主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时的原则,因此选A。
12.考点:if引导非真实条件句时,主句谓语用would+动词原形,从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)。
If I _________ you,I _________ the books away to charity.
A.were, will give B.was, would give C.were, would give D. are,will give
解析:根据“If I _______ you(如果我是你)”,可知这是对现在的情况作虚拟。从句谓语动词是be动词,可以用were。主句谓语动词要用would+动词原形,因此选C。
13.考点:unless表示“除非”,引导条件状语从句。
Our business won’t improve________we offer better services to our customers.
A.because B.unless C.after D.since
解析:空所在句表示“_____我们给顾客提供更好的服务”,结合主句Our business won’t improve(我们的生意将不会好转),可知要填表示“除非”的unless,故选B。
14.考点:although/though表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
(1)______it is a public holiday today,some firefighters in our city are still on duty.
A.Although B.Once C.If
解析:空所在句表示“______今天是公共节假日”,结合主句some firefighters in our city are still on duty(我们城里的一些火警仍然在值班),可知要填表示“尽管”的although,因此选A。
(2)He could find the way home______he was only three years old.
A. though B.because C.where D.if
解析:题干表示“他能找到回家的路_____他才3岁。”结合句意,可知所填词引导的是让步状语从句,要填表示“尽管”的though,故选A。
15.考点:although/though引导的让步状语从句不能与but连接的并列分句连用。
(1)Although he is young, ______he knows a lot.
A.so B. but C. / D. and
解析:although引导的让步状语从句放在主句前面时结构为“Although+从句+逗号+主句.”,主句的开头用表示“但是”的连词yet或不用任何连词,结合选项,可知选C。
(2)______Lily is only five years old,_______she can swim very well.
A. Though;but B.Because;so C.Though;/
解析:题干表示“_____莉莉只有5岁”。结合后面的句子“_____she can swim very well(她可以游得非常好)”,可判断______Lily is only five years old是让步状语从句。though意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时不能与but连用,因此选C。
16. 考点:so that表示“以便”,引导目的状语从句时从句是肯定句,从句常含有情态动词。
We should take care of the earth______we can make a better world to live in.
A.so that B.until C.even if D.while
解析:题干意为“我们应该照顾地球,______我们能创造一个更适合居住的世界。”所填词引导的从句是肯定句而且含有情态动词can。选项中的so that意为“以便”,引导目的状语从句时符合这两个条件,也符合题干语义,因此选A。
17. 考点:so......that......表示“太......以至于......”,so后面要接形容词原级或副词原级,that后面接结果状语从句。
—What do you think of the new movie Wondering Earth?
—It’s______wonderful______I really like it.
A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to D.enough;to
解析:_____wonderful______I really like it.用的是“所填词+形容词原级+所填词+从句”结构,so+形容词原级+that引导的结果状语从句是固定结构,表示“太...以至于...”,故选A。
18.考点;such a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that引导结果状语从句是固定结构,表示“如此......以至于.......”。
—I’m going to take this summer holiday in Taiwan.
—Oh, really? Taiwan is_____a beautiful island that_____people in Guangdong go to visit it every year.
A. so; thousands B. so; thousands of C. such; many thousand D. such; thousands of
解析:_____a beautiful island that_____people in Guangdong go to visit it every year用的是“所填词+a+形容词+单数可数名词+that引导的结果状语从句结构,能用于该结构的是such,排除A、B两项。由于thousand前面不用many修饰,thousands of的前面可以不用修饰词,要用thousands of,故选D。
19.考点:because表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。
—Did you call Michael back?
—I didn’t need to,______I’ll see him tomorrow.
A.Unless B.because C.When D.though
解析:空所在句表示“_____我明天会见到他”,结合前句I didn’t need to(我不必),可知要填表示“因为”的because,故选B。
20.考点:by the time表示“到......的时候”,引导时间状语从句时满足主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时的原则。
I overslept this morning. By the time I got to the train station, the train_______(leave).
解析:题干表示“我到达火车站时,火车______。”by the time在此表示“到......的时候”,引导时间状语从句时遵循主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时的原则。所填内容是主句的谓语动词,要用过去完成时“had+过去分词”结构,故填had left。
21.考点:It+be+时间段+before从句.表示“......之后才......”,主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
It will be 2 years _______ we see each other again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
解析:题干用了“it+will+时间段+所填词+before引导的时间状语从句.”句型,选项中只有before可以用于该句型,表示“......之后才......”,故选B。
22.考点:while表示“当......时候”,引导时间状语从句时主从句都可以同时用过去进行时。
Tony was drawing a picture_______I was doing my homework.
A.if B.because C.while D.until
解析:题干中主从句都用了过去进行时,可知主从句谓语动词同时发生,选项中只有while引导时间状语从句时主从句可以同时使用过去进行时,故选C。
23. 考点:when表示“当......的时候”,引导时间状语从句。
Life is like a mirror.______you smile at it,it will smile back.
A.Unless B.When C.Until D.Though
解析:题干表示“____你对它微笑”,结合主句it will smile back(它也将报以微笑),可知应填表示“当......的时候”的when,故选B。
24.考点:decide、hope、make up one’s mind,plan、promise、refuse接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式。
(1)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant.
A)open B)opened C)to open D) opening
解析:题干中的has decided______用的是“decide+所填词”结构。由于decide to do sth是固定结构,故选C。
(2)Larry hopes______his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.
A. to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving
解析:由于hope接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,排除B、D两项。结合关键词his English(他的英语),可知要填表示“提高”的to improve,因此选C。
(3)It is wise_____Linda to make up her mind_______to play an instrument.
A.for;learning B.for;to learn C.of;learning D.of;to learn
解析:本题用的是“It is+形容词+介词+sb+to do sth.”句型。wise是描述主观态度的形容词,介词要用of,排除A、B两项。make up her mind用的是“make up one’s mind”结构,接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,故选D。
(4) All the students in our class promised ____ the school rules.
A. follow B. follows C. following D. to follow
解析:题干中的 promised ____ 用的是“promise+所填词”结构。由于promise to do sth是固定结构,因此选D。
(5)Mrs. Green refuses______sweet food.She doesn’t want to get fat.
A.eat B.eating C.to eat
解析:题干中的refuses ____ 用的是“refuse+所填词”结构。由于refuse接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,因此选C。
(6)Henry’s uncle is planning______(take)a trip to Dunhuang now.
解析:题干中的 is planning______用的是“plan+所填词”结构。由于plan接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,故填to take。
25.考点:forget+V-ing结构表示“忘记做过某事”,forget to do sth表示“忘记要做某事”。
(1)Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you.
A. accept B. to accept C. say D. to say
解析:由于forget可以接动词不定式作宾语,不接动词原形作宾语,排除A、C两项。空所在句表示”不要忘记____谢谢”,结合关键句“when other people help you(当别人帮助你时)”,可知要填表示“说”的to say,故选C。
(2)—Mary dances best in our school.
—I agree. I’ll never forget____her dance for the first time.
A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen
解析:题干表示“我将永远不会忘记第一次_____她跳舞的情景。”根据关键词for the first time(第一次),可判断forget后面的动作已完成,要用forget doing sth结构,因此选A。
26. 考点:stop+V-ing结构表示“停止做某事”。stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”。
(1)We stopped _____, but there was not any sound.
A. to listen B.listens C.listen D.listening
解析:题干中的stopped______用的是“stop+所填词”结构。stop接动词作宾语时动词可以用V-ing形式或动词不定式,不用动词的其他形式,排除B、C两项。题干表示“我们停_____”结合关键句but there was not any sound(但没有一点声音),可知是停下来去听,要用stop to do sth,因此选A。
(2)While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped_____and lay on the ground , so we all stopped_____what was wrong with him.
A. to run, to see B. running, seeing, C. running, to see
解析:题干意为“我们正在操场上跑步的时候,杰克突然停止______,躺在地上,因此我们都停下来______他出了什么事。”结合第一空后面的and lay on the ground(然后躺在地上),可判断第一空所在句表示“停止跑步”,要用stop+V-ing,填running。根据第二空后面的what was wrong with him(他出了什么事),可知是停下来看,要用stop to do sth,填to see,因此选C。
27. 考点:try(not)doing sth表示“尝试(不)做某事”,try (not)to do sth表示“尽力(不)做某事”。
— I didn’t hear you come in just now.
— That’s good. We tried_______any noise, for you were sleeping.
A. not make B. not to make
C. to make D. making
解析:题干中的tried_______用的是“try+所填词”结构。空所在句表示“我们______任何声音”,结合关键句for you were sleeping(因为你正在睡觉),可知要用表示“尽力不要做某事”的try not to do sth,因此选B。
28.考点:want to do sth表示“想要做某事”,want+V-ing表示“需要被......”。
The driver wanted______his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
A. park B. parked C. to park D. parking
解析:题干中的wanted______用的是“want+所填词”结构,want可以接动词不定式或V-ing作宾语,不接动词的其他形式,排除A、B两项。空所在句表示“司机想要把他的小汽车______马路边”,可知要用want+动词不定式结构表示“想要做某事”,因此选C。
29.考点:“think it+形容词+动词不定式”是固定结构,it是形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。
After long years of war,many people in Syria are homeless.I think it important______a peaceful world.
A. build B.not build C.to build D.not to build
解析:think it important______a peaceful world用的是“think+形式宾语it+形容词(宾补)+所填词”结构,能用于该结构的是动词不定式,排除A、B两项。空所在句表示“我觉得_____一个和平的世界很重要”,结合句意可知要填动词不定式的肯定形式to build(建立),因此选C。
30.考点:advise表示“建议”,allow表示“允许”,ask表示“要求”,teach表示“教”,tell表示“告诉”,warn表示“警告”,wish表示“希望”,接动词作宾补时动词要变为动词不定式,把动词不定式变为否定时要在to的前面加not。
(1)—Have you ever read the traditional story Yu Gong Moves a Mountain?
—Yes, our teacher often advises us________more meaningful traditional books.
A. reading B. reads C. read D. to read
解析:题干中的advises us______用的是“advise sb+所填词”结构。由于advise sb to do sth是固定结构,故选D。
(2)For more than once,our head teacher asks us______the habit of keeping a diary.
A.develop B.develops C.developing D.to develop
解析:题干中的asks us______用的是“ask sb+所填词”结构。由于ask sb to do sth是固定结构,因此选D。
(3)Their parents don’t allow them_______ in the river because it’s rally dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
解析:题干中的allow them_______用的是“allow sb+所填词”结构。由于allow sb接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,故选C。
(4)Our teacher often tells us _____________ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming
解析:题干中的tells us _______用的是“tell sb+所填词”结构,由于tell sb接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,排除A、D两项。结合关键词in the river(在河里),可推断老师告诉我们不要在河里游泳。表示“告诉某人不要做某事”用tell sb not to do sth,故选B。
(5)The traffic signs warn people_____after drinking.
A. to drive B.not to drive C.driving D.don’t drive
解析:题干意为“交通标志警告人们酒后_____。”由于warn sb(not)to do sth是固定用法,排除C、D两项。结合句意,可知本题是警告人们不要酒后驾车,要用warn sb not to do sth结构(警告某人不要做某事),因此选B。
(6)—What are you going to do when you grow up?
—A singer, but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.
A. am B. to be C. will be D. be
解析:wish me ________用的是“wish sb+所填词”结构。由于wish sb to do sth是固定结构,故选B。
(7)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Failure isn’t always bad. It can teach you ________ lessons.(use)
解析:题干中的teach you ________用的是“teach sb+所填词”结构。由于teach sb接动词时动词要变为动词不定式,因此填to use。
31.考点:非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词时,如果它和被修饰的词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,它要用动词不定式。
My parents have a lot of housework______.
A.do B.to do C.doing
解析:题干表示“我父母有很多家务______。”所填词和housework之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即“做家务”,只有动词不定式作后置定语时含有动宾关系,因此选B。
32.考点:动词不定式作目的状语时表示“为了”,说明谓语动词的目的,是将要发生的动作。
The government is setting up nature parks______protect pandas.
A.to help B.help C.helped D.helps
解析:题干表示“政府正在建立自然公园_____保护熊猫。”结合句意,可知建立自然公园的目的是保护熊猫,可知______protect pandas是目的状语。选项中只有动词不定式可以作目的状语,因此选A。
33.考点:in order要接动词不定式构成目的状语,即in order to do sth结构。它的否定形式是in order not to do sth。
In order ____ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late
解析:题干意为“_____迟到,我姐姐强迫自己今天早上早起。”in order(not)to do sth是固定结构,排除B、D两项。结合句意,可知是“为了不迟到”,要用动词不定式的否定形式not to+动词原形,故选A。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$