04 专题一 第4讲 词句猜测题-【名师导航】2025年高考英语二轮总复习课件（通用版）

专题一　阅读理解 第4讲　词句猜测题 任务一　探寻命题规律 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革)． 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A.It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A.Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 一、 考查方式 1. 词义猜测题 题型特点 词义猜测题主要考查考生猜测文中某个单词或词块的含义，或该单词或词块被哪个单词或词块代替。此外，也会考查某个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。分析近几年的高考题可知，词义猜测题主要考查以下几个方面：1. 陌生词(块)；2. 陌生派生词或合成词；3. 熟词(块)生义；4. 有特殊含义的词块(如第32题)。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 设问方式 ·What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... probably mean? ·Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “...”？ ·Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...? ·What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... most probably refer to? ·What is the meaning of the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...？ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. 代词指代题 题型特点 代词指代题常常出现在人物或事物变化多、动作转换频繁的语境中，题目要求根据语境判断代词(this, it, they, them, these, those, one等)的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。代词所指代的通常为名词、名词性短语或句子。 设问方式 ·What does the underlined word “this/it/they/them/which ...” refer to? ·The underlined part “it/that/they/which ...” in Paragraph ... refers to “ ”. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. 句意猜测题 题型特点 句意猜测题一般出现在上下文有解释的、有特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中。该题型要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分，旨在考查通过上下文暗示以及文章的主题思想来判断句意的能力。 设问方式 ·What does the author mean by saying “...”？ ·What did the author mean when he said “...”？ ·What does the underlined sentence tell us? ·What does the underlined sentence mean? 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 二、选项特征 1. 正确选项特征 (1)含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系； (2)上下文逻辑通顺； (3)与原句意思最接近； (4)代入原文，最为得体。 2. 干扰选项特征 (1)与所考词汇形似； (2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项； (3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 任务二　研析解题技法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 词义猜测题不仅要求考生掌握一定的构词法，而且也要求其对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词义猜测题时，应注意画线生词后面的定语从句和同位语从句，这些从句通常用来解释生词的意义。另外，还要注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词义。 下面介绍四种行之有效的猜词技法，这些技法将有助于提高阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题能力。 类型一　词义猜测题——掌握4大猜词技法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 一、利用上下文线索猜测词义 1. 利用重述猜测词义 (2021·全国乙卷，B) Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Admit.　　　　 B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词或词组有or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 画线词所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词又位于破折号之前，因此，要特别注意破折号后面的内容，它一般是对上文的进一步解释说明。根据画线词所在句的下文可知，很多人保留座机是为了预防紧急情况，并有一部分人根本不用座机。画线词所在句是说，有三分之一的人承认座机不是必须要有的东西，他们将其作为一种心理安慰。因此concede意为“承认”。故选A。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. 利用定义猜测词义 (2017·天津6月卷，C) The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. 46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible. C. An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers' role is not clear. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词或词组有i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等。 [技法运用] 冒号后面的内容是对“death valley”的解释：death valley 指的是半自动驾驶和全自动驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带(界限不明，难以界定的领域)，即“驾驶员角色不明确的情形”。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. 利用举例猜测词义 (2022·全国乙卷，C) That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助考生理解该词的词义。此时，常出现的信号词或词组有such as, such ... as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 根据画线词下文的“...a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，花在“maintenance”上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”，由此可知，“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项含义相近。其中including是关键词，其下文是对画线词的举例说明。故选C。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 4. 利用同义词或近义词猜测词义 (2023·全国甲卷，B) Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1? A.An artist.　　　　　 B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。 [技法运用] 根据画线词下一句“Skilled at putting up shelves ... can do herself.”可知，Terri Bolton擅长搭架子和拼装家具，能自己做的绝不花钱，由此可推断出她是一个DIY能手，a dab hand意为“能手；行家”，be skilled at sth.(擅长做某事)与be a dab hand at/with sth.同义。specialist(专家)与dab hand的意思最接近。故选C。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 5. 利用反义词猜测词义 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷，D) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见的表示对比或反义的信号词或词组有(whether ...) or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand等。 [技法运用] 根据画线词所在句的前半句“And contrary to existing research ... who order large portions (份)”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭；后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是“the beanpoles with big appetites”。根据“contrary to”可推断出，画线词和“heavier people”意义相反。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 二、根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义 1. 利用类比关系猜测词义 (2023·全国乙卷，D) In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Problem. 　　　 B.History. C. Voice. D.Society. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 作为一种推理方法，类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性(共同特征)。它是通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性，从而推导出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词或词组有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 本题是一个隐性类比句。将“对话”和“历史”形成隐性类比，两者的一个共同特征就是“兼顾双方的内容”。本段开头提到，有些胜利是偶然或故意被歪曲了的，尤其是当只有获胜一方有文字记载能力的时候，而失败一方的人只能通过实物讲述他们的故事。在这种情况下，文字记载只是其中一方对历史的讲述。这犹如一场双方的对话，现在我们只能看到其中一方所讲述的内容，如果我们想找到另一半对话的内容，就需要找到相关的实物，所以作者用conversation指代“历史”。故选B。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. 利用转折关系猜测词义 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，C) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. 　　　　 B.Export. C. Destroy. D.Distribute. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 转折关系是指文中画线生词的前后句之间为转折关系。在这种情况下，考生可以根据转折关系来猜测词义。 [技法运用] 根据选段前两句话可知，探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆之前，北美土著人把这里多种多样的野生动物照顾(had taken care of)得很好。根据画线词所在的句子可知，此处讲述的是不幸的事情，“Unfortunately”表示转折关系，结合下文描述可猜出此处表达的是，这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就破坏了这些资源的大部分。由此可推断，“decimate”与“had taken care of”的含义相反。故选C。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. 利用顺承关系猜测词义 (2019·全国Ⅲ卷，B) “China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean? A.learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 顺承关系指两个动作或两种相关的情况先后发生，不能颠倒。在阅读的过程中，有时可以通过顺承关系来猜测生词。表示顺承关系的信号词有and, then和afterwards等。 [技法运用] 根据语境和画线短语所在句中表示顺承关系的连接词“and”可知，画线短语“taking on”与“beating them hands down in design and sales”之间是顺承关系。由此倒推，即要“beating them hands down in design and sales”之前应该“competing against(与……竞争)”。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 4. 利用因果关系猜测词义 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，C) When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 在做阅读理解题时，如果生词或陌生的短语所在的句子与另一个句子之间存在因果关系，考生就可以根据因果逻辑关系推断单词或短语的含义。常见的表示因果关系的信号词或词组有because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, since, so that, so/such ... that ...等。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 根据语境可知，画线短语所在句与上两句之间为隐性因果逻辑关系，即没有明显的因果逻辑关系信号词。画线短语的上两句提到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时，阅读纸质文本学习通常比阅读屏幕文本学习更成功。大量研究证实了这一发现。阅读纸质文本学习通常比阅读屏幕文本学习更成功，表示原因，画线短语所在句则表示结果，即当实验者从诸如识别文章主旨的简单任务转移到诸如从文章中得出推论的需要运用抽象思维的复杂任务时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 三、根据构词法猜测词义 (2020·天津卷，B改编) The President's eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background.” Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “underestimated”？ A.Overvalued.　　　 B.Undervalued. C. Appreciated. D.Disliked. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 很多情况下，我们在阅读理解中遇到的生词是派生词或合成词。根据这些词的前缀、后缀、词根或所构成合成词的意思，熟练运用构词法来判断生词的含义是一种十分快速且有效的阅读技巧。 [技法运用] 根据构词法知识可知， under-为前缀，表示“在……之下”，estimate (估计；估算；估价)为词根，因此，我们可猜测underestimate为“低估，轻视”之意。故选B。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 四、根据常识或背景知识猜测词义 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，C) In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Understand. 　　 B.Paint. C. Seize. D.Transform. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，我们可以根据自身直接或间接的经验、常识和背景知识推断其含义。 [技法运用] 本题可以根据常识猜测词义。根据本段最后两句可知，艺术品里不同场景中和不同姿势的成年人都是独自一人——沉浸在一本书中，陷入沉思或处于休闲状态。虽然这些场景可能是几百年前画的，但这些瞬间我们都能感同身受，也就是“理解”的意思。故选A。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 代词指代题旨在考查考生根据上下文猜测代词的指代意义的能力。代词多是it, that, they, them等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。 类型二　代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2024·浙江1月卷，B) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. 24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 1. 解答此类题目时，可以遵循“就近原则”解题。代词一般出现在原词之后，从指代内容的位置上看，原词通常在前一句中或同一句的前半部分，也有的在代词前面几个句子中，很少在代词后面的句子中。 2. 我们可以根据代词的单复数确定指代的名词的单复数，另外还需要考虑指人还是指物。找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理通顺，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 画线词位于第一段末句，it 用来指代上文提到的人或物。根据“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles”可知，作者为了进行剧本试镜，特意布置了合租房，使其看起来更像一个“年轻专业人士”的生活空间。由此可知，it 指代合租房。故选B。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 句意猜测题旨在考查考生猜测一个句子的本意或外延含义的能力，要求考生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。 类型三　句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2019·浙江6月卷，B) Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 1. 要注意画线句子前的语境。具体地说，需要猜测的句子往往是一个所叙述的情景 或事件中的结果或结论。前面的事情理解准确了，结果或结论的含义也就容易猜测了。 2. 如果画线句子出现在句首，那么要注意其后的阐述，从中悟出画线句子的含义。 3. 和词义猜测一样，有时画线句子后也有类似的解释语。从解释语中可以猜测出画线句子的含义。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 4. 初步确定画线句子的含义后，要仔细对四个选项进行筛选。如若遇到难以取舍的选项，则将选项分别代入原文去替换画线部分的句子，看哪个选项最符合原文作者要表达的意思，即确定为正确答案。 [技法运用] 根据下文内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的。故选C。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 任务三　深化迁移应用 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 A (2024·潍坊二模)I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe. However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract (分心) us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental-health crisis in young people. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. Our efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations. Most data are correlative. When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social-media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental-health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. We are not alone here. Several analyses and systematic reviews centralise on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital-technology use. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 As a psychologist studying children's and adolescents' mental health, I appreciate parents' frustration (沮丧) and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental-health struggles than ever before. But insufficient services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence-based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章是对《焦虑的一代》一书的评论，作者认为该书提出的数字技术导致儿童大脑重构和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调，精神障碍的成因复杂，需要基于科学和证据的解决方案，而不是简单归咎于社交媒体。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 1. What is presented in The Anxious Generation? A.Scary stories affect children's brains. B. Parents are responsible for children's health. C. Teen's mental illness results from screen time. D. The epidemic of mental illness is unavoidable. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.”可知，该书重复暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神健康问题的流行。C项“Teen's mental illness results from screen time.”与该描述一致。故选C。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. What does “the same message ” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Many countries do research in mental health. B. Well-being and social media are closely related. C. The young are trapped in the mental-health crisis. D. Social media don't necessarily cause mental illness. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 D　词义猜测题。根据画线词上一段中的“When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social-media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental-health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers.”以及画线词下文“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally.”可知，“同样的信息”指的是社交媒体并不一定导致心理健康问题。通过在72个国家进行的一项分析显示，在全球范围内，健康和社交媒体之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。故画线词指代的是没有一致或可测量的证据表明社交媒体与健康之间有密切关系。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. What is implied in the last paragraph? A.Effective actions need to be taken. B. Positive stories should be shared. C. Financial support needs to be provided. D. Broader research should be done. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence-based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more.”可知，对于年轻人的心理健康问题，我们正在浪费时间讲述没有研究支持的故事，而这些故事对需要帮助的年轻人并没有帮助，这暗示我们需要采取有效的行动来解决这个问题。故选A。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To suggest ways to help those in need. B. To encourage parents to brave the crisis. C. To recommend a newly-published book. D. To give a voice to children's mental issues. D　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe. However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.”和最后一段中的“Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more.”可知，整篇文章都在批评一本书的观点，并强调需要科学和证据支持的解决方案，而不应该把时间浪费在没有科学研究支持的结论中，由此表明作者的写作目的是引起人们对儿童心理健康问题以及真正引发该问题的原因进行关注和理解。D项“To give a voice to children's mental issues.”符合作者的写作目的。故选D。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 B Kenya has been at the forefront (前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 The materials engineer's seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother's backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up. She says, “I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channelling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 The collected plastic is mixed with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed (压缩) into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. More importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic. “There is that waste they cannot process anymore; they cannot recycle. That is what we get，” Matee says. Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, the more we created more employment for the youth.” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力，创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 5. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 imply? A.Matee's method can be effective if adopted. B. Matee's idea has been widely accepted. C. Colourful bricks are in huge demand. D. Plastic waste hasn't attracted enough attention. A　句意理解题。根据画线句子前的“However”可知，画线句的意思与画线句子前的内容为转折关系，根据画线句子前的“Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.”可知，政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实质的效果，大量的塑料垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场，由此可知，画线句的意思与此相反，应为“如果Matee的方法被采用可能会有效”。故选A。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 6. Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee? A.Generous and ambitious. B. Confident and grateful. C. Creative and resolved. D. Optimistic and modest. C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.”可知，Matee绝不会放弃自己的想法，这说明她很有决心；根据第三段中的“The best way to do this was by channelling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”可知，她认为最好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间，这种想法很有创造性。由此推知，Matee是一个有创造性且有决心的人。故选C。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 7. What is Nzambi Matee's ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products? A.To build cheaper houses. B. To support the government. C. To create job opportunities. D. To tackle plastic pollution. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She says, ‘I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution ... The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.”可知，将塑料产品的混合物做成铺路砖的最终目的是解决塑料污染问题。故选D。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Single-use Plastics B. Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste C. Mix of Plastic Products: A New Construction Material D. Plastic Recycling: A Creative Solution to Pollution B　标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“The materials engineer's seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.”可知，材料工程师Nzambi Matee寻求实用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题；根据第三段中的“She says, ‘I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channelling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.’”可知，她认为解决问题的方法必须具备实用性、持续性以及经济适用性，她提出了将塑料垃圾引入建筑空间的想法，并结合全文内容可知，“Nzambi Matee：解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”最适合作文章标题。故选B。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 点击右图进入… 专 题 限 时 评 价 感谢您的观看 THANK YOU $$