01 专题一 第1讲 细节理解题-【名师导航】2025年高考英语二轮总复习课件（通用版）

专题一　阅读理解 新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解 年份 语篇 体裁 主题语境与话题 命题角度 命题分析 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2024 A篇 应用文 人与社会·栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募 3       由此表可以看出，近4年的新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解命题具有以下规律和特点： 1. 语篇题材丰富 所有语篇都围绕“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等，注重培养中国情怀、开拓国际视野和传递正能量。其中，B篇多从个人角度展开，C篇多从社会角度展开，而D篇多为研究类文章。 B篇 记叙文 人与社会·用中西医结合的方式治疗动物 1 2 1   C篇 说明文 人与社会·纸质阅读与数字阅读的研究成果 1 2   1 D篇 说明文 人与自然·现代生物采样数据的科学性 1 3     专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 年份 语篇 体裁 主题语境与话题 命题角度 命题分析 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2023 A篇 应用文 人与社会·自行车租赁服务 3       2. 语篇体裁广泛 阅读理解所选语篇材料兼顾应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文，其中说明文占比最高。值得注意的是，A篇都是应用文。   B篇 记叙文 人与自然·污水净化生态箱 1 3     C篇 说明文 人与自我·数字极简主义生活方式 3   1   D篇 说明文 人与社会·“群体智慧”效应 1 2 1   专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 年份 语篇 体裁 主题语境与话题 命题角度 命题分析 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2022 A篇 应用文 人与自我·课程评分细则 2 1     3. 题型分布不均 A篇应用文考查题型多为细节理解题，偶尔涉及较简单的推理判断题；其余3篇考查题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词句猜测题为辅。  B篇 议论文 人与社会·减少食物浪费 3 1     C篇 说明文 人与社会·养老院养鸡项目 1 2   1 D篇 说明文 人与社会·饮食结构影响语音 2 1 1   专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 年份 语篇 体裁 主题语境与话题 命题角度 命题分析 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2021 A篇 应用文 人与社会·罗马旅社介绍 3       4. 语篇特点鲜明 (1)原汁原味。高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，材料尽量原汁原味。 (2)词汇量大。高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。 (3)长难句多。高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。 B篇 记叙文 人与自我·乐谱翻页员 3 1     C篇 说明文 人与自然·保护野生动物与湿地 2   1 1 D篇 议论文 人与社会·大众化曲解情商本义 1 2 1   专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 第1讲　细节理解题 任务一　探寻命题规律 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，A) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15　 10：00 am—1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22　 10：00 am—2：30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29　 9：30 am—2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5.　　　　 B.10. C.15. D.18. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 一、 考查方式 1. 直接信息题 题型特点 所谓直接信息题就是在原文中可以直接找到答案的细节题，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等疑问词提问，这类试题主要考查原文中的时间、地点、电话号码、人物、方式等信息。 设问方式 ·How will the students go to the museum? ·When does the park open? ·Who helped the Smiths out of their problems? ·What did they do on the lonely island? ·Where will you go if you want to see ancient buildings? 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. 间接信息题 题型特点 间接信息题相对于直接信息题要难一些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。间接信息题的四个选项中不出现原文的直接信息，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的意思，考查在具体的语境中对句子的理解能力。例如，原文用双重否定，选项用肯定句式；进行同义词替换、句子结构的替换；原文与选项互换反义词等等。(如第21、23题) 设问方式 ·What is the aim of the project? ·Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? ·How did they get in touch with each other? ·What is the problem with the author's children? 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. 数据信息题 题型特点 数据信息题所涉及的信息通常是时间、距离、年龄、数量及价格等，且通常涉及两个或两个以上的数字信息之间的比较或运算，这些数字在原文中的位置有时相对集中，有时比较分散。(如第22题) 设问方式 ·How much will the Browns pay? ·How often do they email each other? ·How long did the sports meeting last? ·How many people took part in the sports meeting? ·What is the actual population of the town? 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 二、 选项特征 1. 正确选项特征 (1)同义替换：指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把“lose one's job”换成“be out of work”。有些细节理解题变换了原文中一些词的词性，如把“important”变换成“of importance”；有的则改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换； (2)信息归纳：用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案； (3)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项； (4)原词复现：选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. 干扰选项特征 (1)张冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)无中生有：符合常识，但不是文章的内容； (3)曲解文意：与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动； (4)颠倒是非：在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反； (5)正误参半：部分正确，部分错误。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 任务二　研析解题技法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 在解答直接信息题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。 类型一 直接信息题——关键词定位法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，A) Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 23. Where does the guided city tour start? A.The Gooyer Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 关键词定位法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 第一步： 读题干，找关键词 题干中的关键词为： guided city tour, start 第二步： 扫原文，寻信息句 定位信息句：The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 第三步： 细比对，定答案 比对选项和信息句可知，有导游的城市观光从Dam Square出发。选项D与原文中的“Dam Square”为原词复现。故选D。 选项 选项意思 选项定位 A 德古依尔风车。 张冠李戴 B 瘦桥。 张冠李戴 C 喜力啤酒厂。 张冠李戴 D 水坝广场。 原文原词 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 在解答间接信息题时，考生需要对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。间接信息题的选项是借助于同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文的内容进行适当的变换。 类型二 间接信息题——同义转换法与概括归纳法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，B) Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes，“if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” 25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A.oral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 同义转换法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 第一步： 读题干，找关键词 题干中的关键词为：consequence, food waste 第二步： 扫原文，寻信息句 定位信息句：Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 第三步： 细比对，定答案 根据文中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知，浪费食物的后果是引发环境问题。选项B与原文中的“environmental problem”为同义转换。故选B。 选项 选项意思 选项定位 A 道德的衰退。 曲解文意 B 环境的危害。 同义替换 C 能源短缺。 曲解文意 D 世界范围内的饥荒。 曲解文意 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，B) Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A.The kids' parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 概括归纳法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 第一步： 读题干，找关键词 题干中的关键词为：a problem facing Jaramillo, at the start of the program 第二步： 扫原文，寻信息句 定位信息句：They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 第三步： 善概括，定答案 根据文中的“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.”可知，在项目开始之初，Jaramillo的一些学生觉得蔬菜、泥土和昆虫都很可怕，并不喜欢园艺工作。选项C是对这一句话的概括总结。故选C。 选项 选项意思 选项定位 A 孩子们的父母不信任她。 无中生有 B 学生们很少有时间上她的课。 无中生有 C 有些孩子不喜欢园艺工作。 信息归纳 D 没有学校菜园的空间。 张冠李戴 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 数据信息题通常涉及时间、距离、年龄、数量及价格等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐藏的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。有时文章中会出现较多的数字，对解题产生干扰，因此解题时要排除干扰数据。解题时还要注意特殊词语或短语，如decade(十年), fortnight(两周), double(两倍), couple(两个), score(二十), dozen(十二), off(减价), discount(折扣), decrease by/to(减少了/减少到), increase by/to(增加了/增加到)。 类型三　数据信息题——细节信息加工法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，A) Prices 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法点拨] 细节信息加工法 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 [技法运用] 第一步： 读题干，找关键词 题干中的关键词为：How much, pay for renting a bike, with hand brake and three gears for two days 第二步： 寻信息句，分析数据 定位信息句：Hand Brake, Three Gears以及 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 第三步： 进行运算，比对答案 根据价目表可知，租一辆带手刹和三个档位的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，每多租一天需要额外支付8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三个档位的自行车两天需要支付14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。故选C。 选项 选项意思 选项定位 A 15.75欧元。 无中生有 B 19.50欧元。 无中生有 C 22.75欧元。 信息归纳 D 29.50欧元。 无中生有 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 任务三　深化迁移应用 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 A (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Walk 1—The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09：00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09：00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18：30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11：45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个秋季徒步活动的相关信息。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A.The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. D　细节理解题。根据四个部分中的“Walk Duration: 6 hours”“Walk Duration: 5 hours”“Walk Duration: 3 hours”和“Walk Duration: 1.5 hours”可知，Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest花费时长最短。故选D。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A.Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. A　细节理解题。根据Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars部分中的“A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.”可知，Walk 3的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 3. What do the four walks have in common? A.They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. D　细节理解题。根据四个部分中的“Date and Time: Saturday”“Date and Time: Sunday”“Date and Time: Saturday”和“Date and Time: Sunday”可知，这四个徒步活动的共同点是它们都被安排在周末。故选D。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 B In casual conversations, there is a seemingly simple question I can never answer without hesitation—“Where are you from？” I could say I am from Thailand, where I was born. Or I am from Mexico, where I spent the majority of my childhood. Or I am from the US, whose language is rooted into my life. In my mind, none of these answers are satisfying enough. After all, to be from somewhere carries expectations of understanding “your” culture and “your” home. I feel envious whenever my friends say they're “going home” for school breaks. As a student who frequently moves, I have never seen my living space as “home”， but “shelter”， another location to stay in before I unavoidably move again. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 So, does this mean I do not have, and will never have, a home? I resign myself to living with this sense of sadness, until very recently. In my dorm, inside my drawer is a specially designed white bath towel that I have not used since I brought it with me from my parents' house. One day, I took it out, but stopped after smelling the soft, sweet laundry detergent (洗衣粉), the one my parents used back in Thailand. I felt my eyes water as that random smell brought my mixed emotions to the surface: sadness and nostalgia, a strong feeling of missing home. I still avoid using that towel until now because I don't want to replace the smell of nostalgia with my newly-bought detergent. 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 Sadly, even with this new discovery, I will still struggle when answering where I am from, and I will always feel a sense of loss in not having a physical home to “go back to”. Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home. And if these moments can make me smile, even with a sense of loss, what better home can I ask for? 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一个经常搬家的人，所以一直以来对家的概念很模糊，一次偶然，他拿起一条浴巾，上面的味道使作者想起了过往，使他突然在某一瞬间产生了“家”的感觉。 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 4. Why is the author unable to see his living space as “home”？ A.His living places often change. B. He is unsatisfied with the place. C. His expectations of “home” are high. D. He can't understand the culture there. A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a student who frequently moves, I have never seen my living space as ‘home’， but ‘shelter’， another location to stay in before I unavoidably move again.”可知，作者经常搬家是他不把住的地方当“家”的主要原因。故选A。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 5. Why does the author treasure that towel? A.It was made in his hometown. B. It is a present from his parents. C. Its smell awakened his memories. D. Its design wins his preference. C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One day, I took it out, but stopped after smelling the soft, sweet laundry detergent (洗衣粉), the one my parents used back in Thailand. I felt my eyes water as that random smell brought my mixed emotions to the surface: sadness and nostalgia, a strong feeling of missing home.”可知，浴巾上面的味道使作者想起了过往。故选C。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 6. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. He no longer feels a sense of loss. B. He feels a physical home is unnecessary. C. He has got the answer to “Where are you from？” D. He has found a sense of home in some moments. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home.”可知，现在在某些瞬间，一些熟悉的味道使作者想起了被他认为是有关“家”的感觉。故选D。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 7. What can be the best title of the text? A.A Man's Home Is His Castle B. There Is No Place like Home C. The Smell Brings Me Home D. The Emotion Connects Me with Home C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Yet, in random moments, when a smell catches me off guard with the memories it brings, I like to believe that the things I feel then are things people feel when they are home.”可知，作者是一个经常搬家的人，所以一直以来对家的概念很模糊。一次偶然的机会，作者拿起一条浴巾，上面的味道使作者想起了过往，使他突然在某一瞬间产生了“家”的感觉。由此可知，The Smell Brings Me Home最适合作本文的标题。故选C。 √ 专题限时评价 任务二 任务三 任务一 专题一　阅读理解 点击右图进入… 专 题 限 时 评 价 感谢您的观看 THANK YOU Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.15.75.　　　 B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 Each additional day 8.00 $$