2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习被动语态

被动语态 (Passive Voice) 全解析 一、语态概述 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态 (Active Voice) 与被动语态 (Passive Voice)。主动语态强调主语是动作的执行者，比如 “I clean the room.（我打扫房间。）”，这里 “I” 是动作 “clean” 的执行者；而被动语态则强调主语是动作的承受者，例如 “The room is cleaned by me.（房间被我打扫。）”，此时 “The room” 是动作 “clean” 的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成是：be 动词 + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者。其中，be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化，它要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，同时根据不同的时态进行相应变形。 三、被动语态的时态 时态 构成形式 示例 一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are + 过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。） 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + 过去分词 The book was written by him last year.（这本书是他去年写的。） 现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 The bridge is being built now.（那座桥现在正在被建造。） 过去进行时的被动语态 was/were + being + 过去分词 The house was being painted when I passed by.（我路过的时候，那栋房子正在被粉刷。） 现在完成时的被动语态 have/has + been + 过去分词 The work has been finished.（工作已经完成了。） 过去完成时的被动语态 had + been + 过去分词 The report had been handed in before the deadline.（报告在截止日期前就已经交上去了。） 含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The rules must be obeyed.（必须遵守规则。） 一般将来时的被动语态 will/shall + be + 过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our town.（我们镇上将会建一家新医院。） 过去将来时的被动语态 would/should + be + 过去分词 He said that the task would be completed soon.（他说任务很快就会完成。） 四、特殊的被动语态 含有双宾语的被动语态：含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，若指物的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要加介词 to 或 for 等。 例如，“He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书。）” 变为被动语态可以是 “A book was given to me by him.（一本书被他给了我。）” 或者 “I was given a book by him.（我被他给了一本书。）”。 当直接宾语变成被动语态的主语时，用 to 侧重动作的方向，用 for 侧重动作的受益者。 复合宾语的被动语态：若主动语态中的宾补是省略 to 的动词不定式，变为被动语态时需把 to 补上。例如，“We saw him play football.（我们看见他踢足球。）” 变为被动语态是 “He was seen to play football.（他被看见踢足球。）”。 五、被动语态的用法 · 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时： 例如，“The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。）”， 此时重点在于窗户的状态是被打破，而不关心是谁打破的。 · 强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者时：比如，“The letter was written carefully.（这封信写得很仔细。）”，强调信是被仔细写的，突出信的完成状态。 · 当动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物时：像 “The cake is made by the machine.（蛋糕是由机器制作的。）”，这里强调蛋糕是机器制作的结果。 六、注意事项 · 部分动词不用被动语态：happen, belong to, have, cost, last, own, stay 等一般不用被动语态。 例如，“The story happened last night.（故事发生在昨晚。）”，不能说 “The story was happened last night.”；“This book belongs to me.（这本书属于我。）”，不能说 “This book is belonged to me.”。 · 主动形式表被动意义的情况：taste, sound, prove, feel, look, smell 等系动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如，“The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来很美味。）”；read, sell, wash, write 等动词用来说明主语的性质特征时，也常用主动形式表示被动意义。比如，“This kind of book sells well.（这种书很畅销。）”“The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔书写流畅。）”。 七、练习巩固 （一）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. English  (learn) as a foreign language in most of Chinese schools. 2. The dogs (take) good care of by my mother. 3. Usually，my homework (not do) in the afternoon. 4. Are the flowers  (water) every day? 5. Computers  (not sell) well in that shop. 6. Is our school  (visit) by many people every day? 7. The workers (make) to work 12 hours every day. 8. Such exercises  (do) by the students in class. 9. The car is always  (clean) by Mr. Zhang in the morning. 10. Three languages (use) in this country. （二）单项选择题 11.—Are there any ________ in your school? —Yes, there are. A. Germen B. Germans C. German D. Germany 12.The scarf which is ________ silk ________ soft and comfortable. A. made from; feels B. made of; feels C. made in; smells D. made up of; smells 13.Many trees _______ on the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 14.—Is your kite made ________ your father? —Yes, and it looks like a plane. A. by B. of C. with D. to 15.Nancy doesn’t like doing chores. But she was made______ the dishes yesterday. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. to washing （三）句型转换 1． This bike is made of steel.(对划线部分提问) 2． We can grow tea in South China.（改为被动语态） 3． She gave John a pen yesterday. (改为被动语态) 4． The bike is mended by Uncle Li.(对划线部分提问) 5． The flower is watered by Grandma every week.(改为否定句) 6． The trees are watered by them once a week.(改为主动语态) 7． We often hear the girl sing happily in her room.(改为被动语态) 参考答案： （一）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. is learned 2. are taken 3. isn't done 4. watered 5. don't sell 6. visited 7. are made 8. are done 9. cleaned 10. are used （二）单项选择题 11. B。German 的复数形式是 Germans。 12. B。be made of 表示 “由…… 制成（能看出原材料）”，be made from 表示 “由…… 制成（看不出原材料）”；feel “摸起来”，smell “闻起来”，围巾由丝绸制成能看出原材料，且摸起来柔软舒适，所以选 B。 13. B。根据 every year 可知用一般现在时，trees 和 plant 是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态 are planted。 14. A。be made by sb. 表示 “由某人制作” 。 15. B。make sb. do sth. 的被动结构是 sb. be made to do sth.。 （三）句型转换 1. What is this bike made of? 2. Tea can be grown in South China. 3. John was given a pen by her yesterday. / A pen was given to John by her yesterday. 4. Who is the bike mended by? 5. The flower isn't watered by Grandma every week. 6. They water the trees once a week. 7. The girl is often heard to sing happily in her room. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$