精品解析：江西省赣州市定南县定南中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学英语试题

2024-2025学年第二学期开学考高二年级 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman think of her vacation? A. Exciting. B. Tiring. C. Disappointing. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to buy. B. Where to eat. C. When to set off. 3. How many students are there in the dorm now? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Doctor and patient. B. Boss and employee. C. Teacher and student. 5. Why will Anna leave her job? A. To look after her kids. B. To treat her illness. C. To run a store. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答6-7小题。 6. What does the man want to buy? A. A sofa. B. A table. C. A lamp. 7. What will the speakers probably do next? A. Shop for a sofa. B. Remove the lamp. C. Read some books. 听下面一段较长对话，回答8-9小题。 8. What did David do last night? A. He went to a concert. B. He practiced the violin. C. He watched a soccer game. 9. Who works in the hospital? A. Mary's mother. B. Mary's father. C. Tina. 听下面一段较长对话，回答10-12小题。 10. What do Jack’s parents want him to be? A. A historian. B. A scientist. C. A doctor. 11. In which subject did Jack get an A? A. French. B. History. C. Science. 12. What does the woman advise Jack to do? A. Study medicine. B. Talk to his parents. C. Take the exam again. 听下面一段较长对话，回答13-16小题。 13. What is needed for the apartment? A. A sofa. B. A fridge. C. A TV set. 14. What is the disadvantage of the apartment? A. It’s a little small. B. It’s quite expensive. C. It has no furniture. 15. What does the woman ask about the apartment at last? A. Its location. B. Its price. C. Its size. 16. What are the speakers probably going to do next? A. Continue searching. B. Talk with their neighbors. C. Decide on the apartment. 听下面一段独白，回答17-20小题。 17. Why will the speaker go to Melbourne? A. To visit her sister. B. To study at a university. C. To give birth to her first child. 18. What does the speaker plan to do in Sydney? A. See kangaroos. B. Watch a music show. C. Visit Royal Botanic Gardens. 19. Where will the speaker return on the 10th? A. Melbourne. B. Queensland. C. Sydney. 20. When will the speaker arrive in London? A. On the 11th. B. On the 12th. C. On the 13th. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are four student podcasts (播客) that offer a glimpse into the minds of students and what they say about news concerning climate in their communities — and what they hope to do about it. Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire In a 10-episode series, a sixth-grade class at the Georgetown School of Innovation in Georgetown, Calif., shares stories from the damaging Mosquito Fire in 2022. This group of eight students asks two firefighters from the Georgetown Fire Department what it’s like to fight fires and protect loved ones in their hometown. Fires: Set Ablaze At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashon fifth-graders talk about the far-reaching and lasting impact of wildfires and wildfire smoke — and the direct effects on their lives, like waiting for the school bus on a smoky day. The students also interview experts and share their research on wildfire precautions (预防措施). Flowing Through Time In this podcast from Peak Academy, a group of eight middle schoolers reports on dealing with water shortages in Bozeman, Montana. They trace the history of their growing hometown’s water supply, which has been dependent on mountain snowmelt. As that source becomes less reliable in a warming world, the students turn to the grown-ups to ask what they can do to conserve water. Washed Away The deadly flooding in eastern Kentucky last year forever changed the lives of high schoolers Ryley Bowman, Carolina Johnson and Hunter Noble. The three classmates at Morgan County High School in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accounts of their own and their family’s experiences during the floods. 1. Who shows interest in firefighters’ stories? A. Peak Academy students. B. Chautauqua Elementary students. C. Morgan County High School students. D. Georgetown School of Innovation students. 2. Which podcast shows concern for water conservation? A. Washed Away. B. Fires: Set Ablaze. C. Flowing Through Time. D. Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire. 3. What do Fires: Set Ablaze and Washed Away have in common? A They consult experts’ research results. B. They explore the causes of climate change. C. They share students’ personal experiences. D. They discuss precautions for natural disasters. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个学生播客，他们关注自己社区的气候新闻，并分享他们的观点和希望采取的行动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a 10-episode series, a sixth-grade class at the Georgetown School of Innovation in Georgetown, Calif. , shares stories from the damaging Mosquito Fire in 2022. This group of eight students asks two firefighters from the Georgetown Fire Department what it’s like to fight fires and protect loved ones in their hometown.”（在一个10集的系列节目中，加州乔治城乔治敦创新学院的一个六年级班级分享了2022年破坏性的蚊子大火的故事。这组8名学生向来自乔治城消防局的两名消防员询问在家乡救火和保护亲人是什么感觉）可知，Georgetown School of Innovation的学生对消防员的故事感兴趣。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Flowing Through Time下“In this podcast from Peak Academy, a group of eight middle schoolers reports on dealing with water shortages in Bozeman, Montana. They trace the history of their growing hometown’s water supply, which has been dependent on mountain snowmelt. As that source becomes less reliable in a warming world, the students turn to the grown-ups to ask what they can do to conserve water.”（在这个来自Peak Academy的播客中，八个中学生报道了他们如何应对蒙大拿州博兹曼的水资源短缺。他们追溯了他们不断发展的家乡的供水历史，这个供水源依赖于山上的雪水融化。随着这个水源在全球变暖的世界中变得不可靠，学生们转向成年人，询问他们可以做些什么来节约水资源。）可知，Flowing Through Time的播客关注水资源保护。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashon fifth-graders talk about the far-reaching and lasting impact of wildfires and wildfire smoke — and the direct effects on their lives, like waiting for the school bus on a smoky day. The students also interview experts and share their research on wildfire precautions (预防措施).”（在肖托夸小学，瓦松小学的五年级学生谈论野火和野火烟雾的深远而持久的影响，以及对他们生活的直接影响，如在烟雾弥漫的日子里等校车。学生们还采访了专家，分享了他们对野火预防措施的研究）和第五段“The deadly flooding in eastern Kentucky last year forever changed the lives of high schoolers Ryley Bowman, Carolina Johnson and Hunter Noble. The three classmates at Morgan County High School in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accounts of their own and their family’s experiences during the floods.”（去年发生在肯塔基州东部的致命洪水永远地改变了高中生赖利·鲍曼、卡罗莱纳·约翰逊和亨特·诺布尔的生活。肯塔基州西自由市摩根县高中的三名同学分享了他们自己和家人在洪水中的亲身经历）可知，Fires: Set Ablaze和Washed Away共同之处是他们分享学生的个人经历。故选C。 B “I’ve never picked the jobs I’ve done in my life,” says Mark Sadler, who spent 20 years working at the London underground. But when he retired, he became a lifeguard. Three years ago, Sadler was giving blood when he felt chest pain. He says, “The doctor asked: ‘Do you drink?’ Yeah, probably too much. ‘Do you smoke?’ Yes. They could see by my size that I ate too much.” Then Sadler stopped smoking and drinking. “I’ve always had to earn as much as I can to provide for my family,” Sadler says. At the underground, he looked after the engineering fleet (工程车队). He worked 10-to 12-hour days, and often returned to visit the tunnels at night. “If I got the call at 1, I’d be on the go at1: 15.” He regards his wife and two daughters as “always the most important thing in my life”, but while he worked, “they were wrapped in clingfilm (保鲜膜)”. He means he could see them, but they were in a separate world. That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an offer. “I told them: ‘If you have a child, I will become a full-time grandparent.’” For the past couple of years, he has combined caring for his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shown “how much I missed” as a father. Now he is part of a community. “In my old job, I used to say to everyone: ‘Every day you’re learning.’ I feel that even more now that I’ve got to 60. I’m doing something that I chose. I can balance my job with my wife and family. It is everything I want.” 4. What made Sadler change his lifestyle? A. A health problem. B. Pursuit of an ideal job. C. An accident at the underground. D. Financial pressures from his family. 5. What was Sadler’s experience like while working at the underground? A. It offered him flexibility. B. It was physically dangerous. C. It was associated with stress. D. It allowed him to travel the world. 6. Why did Sadler decide to become a full-time grandparent? A. To escape job-related burnout. B. To enjoy his retirement. C. To challenge himself. D. To focus on family. 7. How does Sadler feel about his career shift? A. Regretful. B. Nervous. C. Relieved. D. Satisfied. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马克•萨德勒在伦敦地铁工作了20年，当他退休后，他成为了一名救生员。讲述了他的个人经历。 4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Three years ago, Sadler was giving blood when he felt chest pain. He says, “The doctor asked: ‘Do you drink?’ Yeah, probably too much. ‘Do you smoke?’ Yes. They could see by my size that I ate too much. ” Then Sadler stopped smoking and drinking.(三年前，萨德勒在献血时感到胸痛。他说：“医生问我：‘你喝酒吗？“是的，可能太多了。‘你抽烟吗？’是的。他们可以从我的身材看出我吃得太多了。”后来，萨德勒停止了吸烟和饮酒)”可知，健康问题让萨德勒改变了他的生活方式。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“He worked 10-to 12-hour days, and often returned to visit the tunnels at night. “If I got the call at 1, I’d be on the go at1: 15.”(他每天工作10到12个小时，并经常在晚上回到隧道。“如果我在1点接到电话，我就会在1点15分开始工作。”)”可知，萨德勒在地铁的工作是有压力的。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an offer. “I told them: ‘If you have a child, I will become a full-time grandparent.’” For the past couple of years, he has combined caring for his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shown “how much I missed” as a father.(这就是为什么萨德勒给当时已经成年的女儿们提议。“我告诉他们：‘如果你们有孩子，我就当全职爷爷。’”在过去的几年里，他把照顾孙女和救生员结合得很好。他说，当上了祖父母，让我看到了自己当父亲时“错过了很多”)”可知，萨德勒决定成为一名全职祖父母是为了关注家庭。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I feel that even more now that I’ve got to 60. I’m doing something that I chose. I can balance my job with my wife and family. It is everything I want.(现在我已经60岁了，这种感觉更加强烈。我在做我选择的事情。我可以平衡我的工作与我的妻子和家庭。这是我想要的一切)”可知，萨德勒对自己的职业转变感到满意。故选D。 C The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually a terrible warning. Even if we know robots are not literally the murderous machines of films in which the inventor loses control of his creation, they can inspire fear. In the real world, they are able to kill off well-paid jobs in factories and warehouses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in robotics will bring real and fundamental benefits. New “multimodal” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect allow robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. You can tell a robot to adjust its behaviour simply by changing an instruction, something that would previously have required complicated reprogramming. The new models enable robots to explain the reasoning behind their actions. That is useful when they behave in unexpected or unwelcome ways. So long as robots’ brains are not confusing black boxes, programming and debugging (排错) them is fairly straightforward. The new models are also less likely to make things up, as the way they perceive things is rooted in observations of the world, and they aim to ensure that cognitive and physical reality match. Labour markets across the rich world are tight — and getting tighter as societies age. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living as they are aging rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well change from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. 8. Why are people concerned about robots? A. They can raise unemployment rates. B. They are replacing low-paid labor. C. They might become killers. D. They are hard to control. 9. What is the strength of new “multimodal” AI models? A. Interacting with other robots. B. Replacing human workers completely. C. Being free from reprogramming. D. Comprehending spoken commands. 10. What causes the new models to be more reliable? A. Their logic reasoning. B. Their debugging ability. C. Their reality-based perception. D. Their detailed observation. 11. What does the author think of robots in an aging society? A. They benefit the elderly most. B. They contribute to social harmony. C. They speed technological innovation. D. They sustain labor productivity. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在科幻小说中，机器人来了通常是一个可怕的警告。然而，在现实生活中，机器人虽然可能使工厂和仓库中的高薪工作消失，但机器人技术的最新进展将给社会带来真实而重大的益处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Even if we know robots are not literally the murderous machines of films in which the inventor loses control of his creation, they can inspire fear. In the real world, they are able to kill off well-paid jobs in factories and warehouses. (即使我们知道，机器人并不是电影中发明者失去控制的杀人机器，它们也会引发恐惧。在现实世界中，他们能够扼杀工厂和仓库中的高薪工作)” 可知，人们担心机器人的原因是它们会使越来越多的高薪工作消失，导致失业率上升。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect allow robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. You can tell a robot to adjust its behaviour simply by changing an instruction, something that would previously have required complicated reprogramming.(这使得使用普通单词处理机器人成为可能。你可以问机器人它能看到什么，或者告诉它“捡起黄色的水果”。这样的模型实际上让机器人有了一定程度的常识——在这种情况下，机器人知道附近的香蕉是一种黄色的水果。你可以告诉机器人通过改变指令来调整其行为，这在以前需要复杂的重新编程)”可知，多模态AI模型的优势在于它们使机器人能够理解口头命令。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The new models are also less likely to make things up, as the way they perceive things is rooted in observations of the world, and they aim to ensure that cognitive and physical reality match.(新模型也不太可能编造事实，因为它们感知事物的方式是建立在对世界的观察基础上的，它们的目标是确保认知和物理现实相匹配)” 可推知，新模型感知事物的方式是基于对世界的观察的，所以不太可能编造东西，会更可靠。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living as they are aging rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later.(发达经济体正在迅速老龄化，如果要维持其生活水平，就需要更多的自动化。如果没有机器人的帮助，更多的人可能不得不延长工作时间，推迟退休)”可推知，作者认为在老龄化社会中，机器人有助于维持劳动生产力。故选D。 D It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) driving trains and boats. 12. Why is Eli Whitney mentioned by the writer in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To deny a statement. C. To clarify a doubt. D. To illustrate a view. 13. What led to the wide use of motor vehicles according to the text? A. The improvement of engine performance. B. The end of World War I. C. The need of the military during war time. D. The decline of horse-drawn wagons. 14. What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Absence of public demand. B. Bad performance of early models. C. A lack of time and expense. D. Awful looks of previous inventions. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention B. Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress C. Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention D. General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年，Eli Whitney发明了轧棉机，以取代美国南部种植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventors often have to persist at their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it.(在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理, 因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与 Otto的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”)”以及第二段中 “Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa.(因此，发明往往是必要性之母, 而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) propelling trains and boats.(即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。C 选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求” 能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Few people get excited about meetings. Meetings often become long-winded affairs where many people are not really contributing, and, sometimes, that happens because the people have no real reason to be there. Meetings can feel like a way to waste time. ____16____. Let’s find out what makes for a good meeting agenda (议程) that will leave employees satisfied and ready to get to work. ____17____ Meetings can be unavoidable, but they can become useful tools rather than terrible experiences. One of the best ways to ensure this is to respect people’s time. Try to make meetings quick and focused. Note the key points and follow them ____18____. Make sure that everyone has access to the plan and also keep watch to ensure that the conversations keep to the plan. If other people are trying to take the dialogue in another direction don’t be afraid to stop them and to offer to discuss the other points another time. Keep a separate section for questions Questions and comments can be valuable if focused on the topic. However, a good tip is to offer a special section that focuses on members’ additional contributions. ____19____. Take time before and after the meeting It’s necessary to communicate before the meeting. ____20____. Some groups need to be reminded to participate, while others should be reminded to keep their comments short and to the point. After the meeting, examine what went right and offer positive observations. But also note what can be improved and where the problem lies. Work better to improve the situation the next time. A. Respect people’s time. B. Focus on the essentials. C. It’s important to keep the main points in writing. D. Set ground rules depending on your particular group. E. Instead, perform the tasks of a meeting through an email. F. However, when done correctly, they can also be powerful tools. G. For new questions, matters, and more, set time aside at the end. 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让会议变得有用且高效的小贴士。 【16题详解】 上文“Meetings can feel like a way to waste time. (会议可能是一种浪费时间的方式。)”指出会议浪费时间，下文“Let’s find out what makes for a good meeting agenda that will leave employees satisfied and ready to get to work. (让我们找出什么样的会议议程能让员工满意，并准备好开始工作。)”指出要找出好的会议议程，让员工满意，准备好工作。可知，空处承上启下，指出会议也有好的一方面，F项“However, when done correctly, they can also be powerful tools. (然而，如果做得正确，它们也可以是强大的工具)”符合语境。故选F。 【17题详解】 根据本段内容“Meetings can be unavoidable, but they can become useful tools rather than terrible experiences. One of the best ways to ensure this is to respect people’s time. Try to make meetings quick and focused. (会议是不可避免的，但它们可以成为有用的工具，而不是可怕的经历。确保这一点的最好方法之一就是尊重人们的时间。尽量让会议简短而专注。)”可知，本段主要是关于尊重人们的时间，让会议简短而专注。A项“Respect people’s time. (尊重人们的时间)”符合语境。故选A。 【18题详解】 根据本段小标题“Note the key points and follow them. (记下要点并遵循它们。)”以及下文“Make sure that everyone has access to the plan and also keep watch to ensure that the conversations keep to the plan. (确保每个人都能接触到这个计划，并且也要保持警惕，以确保对话符合计划。)”可知，本段主要是关于记下会议要点，并且遵循它们，C项中“keep the main points”与本段主题一致。C项“It’s important to keep the main points in writing. (把要点写下来很重要)”符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据上文“However, a good tip is to offer a special section that focuses on members’ additional contributions. (然而，一个好的建议是提供一个专门的部分，专注于成员的额外贡献。)”可知，上文提到要设置专门的部分，关注成员的额外贡献，G项中“set time aside at the end”与上文承接，指出为新的问题，事项等留出时间。G项“For new questions, matters, and more, set time aside at the end. (对于新的问题、事项等，在最后留出时间)”符合语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“It’s necessary to communicate before the meeting. (会前沟通是必要的。)”以及下文“Some groups need to be reminded to participate, while others should be reminded to keep their comments short and to the point. (有些团队需要被提醒参与，而有些团队则需要被提醒保持评论简短且切题。)”可知，上文指出会前沟通是必要的，下文则指出不同的团队需要不同的提醒，由此可知，空处承上启下，指出要根据团队情况设定基本规则，D项中“Set ground rules”与此相符。D项“Set ground rules depending on your particular group. (根据你的特定团队设定基本规则)”符合语境。故选D。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Another year as a junior high teacher in New Jersey was coming to an end. The ___21___ for the eighth-grade graduates was about to begin. Having taught for 15 years, I ___22___ that teaching was a profession where you receive very few thank-you notes and never know the impact you’ve had. This ___23___ feeling is especially strong on graduation day. On the way to the ceremony, I ___24___ my American history classroom to pick up a few items to take home. There I saw a sheet of paper. It was a note ___25___ to me from an eighth grader. It was about 500 words long. This quiet young lady had written to express her ___26___ for the positive effect I had on her life both emotionally and ___27___. She wrote about the ___28___ time she’d had in class initially, but it was me who made learning enjoyable and gave her ___29___ that she would do well in high school. I was moved to tears, and ____30____ thinking about the note throughout the ceremony. This student ____31____ my life forever. Now I still see her occasionally. I always make a point of saying hello and ____32____ her college experience, hoping she realizes the ____33____ she has had on me. Whenever I ____34____ whether I make a difference, I read her note, and tears appear once again — tears of gratitude for having the opportunity to ____35____ this one angelic student. 21. A. training B. lecture C. ceremony D. exam 22. A. hoped B. realized C. denied D. suspected 23. A. warm B. exciting C. empty D. shameful 24. A. looked for B. stopped by C. stormed into D. cleaned up 25. A. addressed B. donated C. returned D. handed 26. A. gratitude B. support C. preference D. desire 27. A. socially B. economically C. physically D. academically 28. A. fun B. tough C. limited D. precious 29. A. advice B. evidence C. confidence D. credit 30. A. stopped B. forgot C. allowed D. kept 31. A. changed B. guided C. saved D. controlled 32. A. reflecting on B. inquiring about C. adapting to D. learning from 33. A. reliance B. impression C. impact D. pity 34. A. question B. guess C. rule out D. figure out 35. A. cure B. assess C. honor D. meet 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名初中老师，在毕业季收到一名学生的感谢信，这封信让作者深感自己对学生的影响，并在之后的生活中一直激励着作者。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：八年级毕业生的毕业典礼即将开始。A. training培训；B. lecture讲座；C. ceremony典礼；D. exam考试。根据后文“for the eighth-grade graduates”和“On the way to the ceremony”可知，八年级毕业生的毕业典礼即将开始。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：教了15年书，我意识到教学是一个很少收到感谢信，也永远不知道自己产生了多大影响的职业。A. hoped希望；B. realized意识到；C. denied否认；D. suspected怀疑。根据后文“that teaching was a profession where you receive very few thank-you notes and never know the impact you’ve had”可知，这是作者教了15年书之后意识到的道理。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种空虚的感觉在毕业那天尤其强烈。A. warm温暖的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. empty空虚的，无意义的；D. shameful可耻的。根据前文“where you receive very few thank-you notes and never know the impact you’ve had”可知，因为作者很少收到感谢信，也不知道自己工作的影响，所以作者会觉得无意义，感到空虚。故选C项。 24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在去典礼的路上，我顺道去了我的美国历史教室，拿了一些东西带回家。A. looked for寻找；B. stopped by顺便拜访；C. stormed into冲进；D. cleaned up打扫干净。根据后文“my American history classroom to pick up a few items to take home”可知，作者顺道去了教室拿东西。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是一张纸条，是八年级的一个学生写给我的。A. addressed在（信封、包裹等）上写姓名和地址，致函，写给；B. donated捐赠；C. returned返回；D. handed递给。根据前文“a note”和后文“to me from an eighth grader”可知，这张纸条是写给作者的。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位文静的年轻女士写信来表达她对我给她生活带来的积极影响的感激之情，无论是在情感上还是在学业上。A. gratitude感激；B. support支持；C. preference偏爱；D. desire欲望。根据后文“for the positive effect I had on her life”可知，作者给学生的生活带来积极影响，所以写信是为了表达对作者的感激之情。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. socially社交地；B. economically经济地；C. physically身体上地；D. academically学业上地。根据后文“it was me who made learning enjoyable and gave her 9 that she would do well in high school.”可知，作者在学业上对学生产生积极影响。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道，一开始她在课堂上过得很艰难，但正是我让学习变得有趣，给了她信心，让她相信自己在高中会做得很好。A. fun有趣的；B. tough艰难的；C. limited有限的；D. precious珍贵的。根据后文“but it was me who made learning enjoyable”可知，是作者让学生的学习变得有趣，由此推知，一开始学生在课堂上过得很艰难。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advice建议；B. evidence证据；C. confidence信心；D. credit信用。根据前文“the positive effect”和后文“that she would do well in high school”可知，作者给了学生信心，让她相信自己在高中会做得很好。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被感动得热泪盈眶，在整个典礼上一直想着那张纸条。A. stopped停止；B. forgot忘记；C. allowed允许；D. kept保持，一直做。根据后文“thinking about the note throughout the ceremony”可知，作者在整个典礼上一直想着那张纸条。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生永远改变了我的生活。A. changed改变；B. guided指导；C. saved拯救；D. controlled控制。根据后文“my life forever”和“Whenever I 14  whether I make a difference, I read her note, and tears appear once again — tears of gratitude”可知，学生的那张纸条给作者带来巨大影响，永远改变了作者的生活。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我总是特意跟她打招呼，询问她的大学经历，希望她意识到自己对我的影响。A. reflecting on反思；B. inquiring about询问；C. adapting to适应；D. learning from向……学习。根据前文“Now I still see her occasionally.”和后文“her college experience”可知，作者会询问学生的大学经历。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reliance依赖；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. pity遗憾。根据前文“This student 11  my life forever.”可知，学生永远改变了作者的生活，所以作者希望学生意识到她对作者的影响。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：每当我怀疑自己是否有所作为时，我就会读读她的纸条，眼泪再次涌现——感激的眼泪，因为我有机会遇到这位天使般的学生。A. question怀疑；B. guess猜测；C. rule out排除；D. figure out弄明白。根据宾语从句“whether I make a difference”可知，作者怀疑自己是否有所作为。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cure治愈；B. assess评估；C. honor尊敬；D. meet遇见。根据前文“gratitude for having the opportunity”和后文“this one angelic student”可知，作者感激自己遇到了一位天使般的学生。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a traditional medicine that originated from the Han nationality in China and has a history of thousands of years. When compared with modern medicine, often it ____36____ (classify) into the category of traditional medicine. TCM takes the yin-yang and five elements as its theoretical basis, regarding the human body ____37____ a unity of qi, form and spirit. Through the methods of ____38____ (observe) , inquiry, palpation(触诊)and comprehensive analysis, TCM practitioners analyze the complex clinical symptoms, thus obtaining the names of diseases ____39____ determining the methods of treatment. ____40____ (impact) by the West, most people thought that TCM was a medicine full of folk prescriptions and superstitions. But since the 1950s, TCM ____41____ (begin) to introduce the research system of Western medicine, and re-interpret TCM through scientific analysis of the principles of treatment courses. The introduction of concepts such as Western biology and molecular medicine has contributed to modern TCM, changing from the empty concept of yin-yang harmony to ____42____ (emphasize) theoretical basis. In ____43____ new era, TCM is integrated with Western medicine and is full of vitality in more fields. TCM has also entered the mainstream therapies ____44____ (global) and even provide solutions to some serious diseases ____45____ modern medicine has failed to solve. 【答案】36. is classified 37. as 38. observation 39. and 40. Impacted##Having been impacted 41. has begun 42. emphasizing 43. the 44. globally 45. which##that 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中医，包括其起源、理论基础、发展历程，以及在新时代与西医结合并走向全球的情况。 【36题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：与现代医学相比，它常常被归类到传统医学的范畴。这里考查谓语，it指代Traditional Chinese Medicine，与classify之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is classified。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：中医以阴阳五行学说为理论基础，把人体看成是气、形、神的统一体。这里考查regard...as...，为固定搭配，意为“把…… 看作……”。故填as。 【38题详解】 查名词。句意：通过望、闻、问、切和综合分析的方法，中医从业者分析复杂的临床症状，从而得出疾病的名称并确定治疗方法。根据空前的介词of 可知，此处应用名词形式作介词后宾语，observe的名词形式为observation，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填observation。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：通过望、闻、问、切和综合分析的方法，中医从业者分析复杂的临床症状，从而得出疾病的名称并确定治疗方法。obtaining the names of diseases 与determining the methods of treatment是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：受西方的影响，大多数人认为中医是一种充满民间药方和迷信的医学。空格处填入非谓语动词，impact与其逻辑主语most people之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语；也可强调“被影响”这个动作在“most people thought...”这个动作之前已经完成，更加强调时间上的先后顺序，所以也可用现在分词的完成被动式，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Impacted或Having been impacted。 【41题详解】 考查时态。句意：但自20世纪50年代以来，中医开始引入西医的研究体系，通过对治疗过程原理的科学分析重新解读中医。这里考查谓语动词，主语TCM与begin为主动关系，再根据时间状语since the 1950s可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语TCM是单数，助动词用has。故填has begun。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：西方生物学和分子医学等概念的引入推动了现代中医的发展，从阴阳和谐的空洞概念转变为强调理论基础。from...to... 为固定搭配，其中 to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填emphasizing。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在新时代，中医与西医相结合，在更多领域充满活力。此处特指“新时代”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：中医药也进入了全球主流疗法，甚至为现代医学未能解决的一些严重疾病提供了解决方案。此处应用副词修饰动词entered，global的副词形式为globally。故填globally。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中医药也进入了全球主流疗法，甚至为现代医学未能解决的一些严重疾病提供了解决方案。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为some serious diseases，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英语社团负责人李华，你们社团将代表学校参加英语诗歌创作大赛。请你给外教John写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．比赛相关情况介绍； 2．需要他提供的帮助。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John, I am writing on behalf of our English Club as we are preparing for the upcoming English poetry writing competition. The competition whose theme is Dreams and Aspirations, is scheduled to be held next month and it is open to all high school students. It requires contestants to express their thoughts and feelings about future goals and hopes through the medium of English poetry. Our club members have brainstormed ideas related to the theme and drafted our poems. We would be extremely grateful if you could review our drafts and provide us with feedback on grammar, vocabulary, and overall structure. It would also be wonderful if you could share with us some techniques and tricks about using metaphors and similes effectively, and maintaining a proper rhythm. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以校英语社团负责人李华的身份，向外教John介绍即将参加的英语诗歌创作大赛的情况，并请求他提供帮助。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 比赛：competition → contest 表达：express → convey 感激的：grateful → thankful 提供：provide → supply 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It requires contestants to express their thoughts and feelings about future goals and hopes through the medium of English poetry. 拓展句：It is required that contestants express their thoughts and feelings about future goals and hopes through the medium of English poetry. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The competition, whose theme is Dreams and Aspirations, is scheduled to be held next month and it is open to all high school students. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】We would be extremely grateful if you could review our drafts and provide us with feedback on grammar, vocabulary, and overall structure. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Nearly thirty years ago I was a trainee engineer based in Liverpool. I was hundreds of miles from home, but I had a nice place to live in, wasn’t overworked, had a good bunch of friends and plenty of money in my pocket. One Saturday morning I decided to walk into Liverpool city centre and buy myself something. I didn’t need anything. I was just going to spend some money! The walk was about four miles and took me through Toxteth, an area which two years later would erupt into rioting, largely because of the poverty of the place. I stopped in a store to buy myself some sweets for the walk. While I was making up my mind which one to choose, the door opened and in walked this “ragamuffin” (邋遢的人) . It looked like she might have been four years old at the most She was wearing a summer dress and sandals (凉鞋) even though it was a bitterly cold day, and she was not clean. She walked up to the counter, reached up and placed a fifty pence coin on the glass. Then, the proudly announced that she had saved this up for her little brother’s birthday and she wanted to buy him a teddy bear and she wanted that one there. The woman behind the counter told the little girl the teddy bear cost more than 50 pence. The girl tried another one, and another one, and another one. By this time I had been keeping an eye on this. I knew that none of the bears could be bought for 50 pence. I also knew that I could easily buy the best bear there with the money I was going to waste that day, but did I want to encourage a little girl to take money from strangers? 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请在答题卡上的相应位置作答。 While I hesitated, the girl announced to the world, “Oh well, I’ll just give him my bear then.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Excuse me,” I called out, holding the wrapped bear in my hands. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 While I hesitated, the girl announced to the world, “Oh well, I’ll just give him my bear then.” Her voice was tinged with disappointment, but also with a sense of resolve. She had come prepared to make her brother’s birthday special, and she wasn’t about to let a little thing like money stand in her way. As I watched her, I realized that her generosity and love for her brother far outshone any material possession I could buy that day. “Excuse me,” I called out, holding the wrapped bear in my hands. The little girl turned to look at me, her eyes widening in surprise. “I couldn’t help but overhear your conversation. This bear here,” I said, gesturing to the bear I had just purchased, “is a gift from me to you, so you can give it to your brother for his birthday.” The girl’s face lit up with joy, and she eagerly accepted the bear, thanking me profusely. As I left the store, I felt a sense of fulfillment that far exceeded any shopping spree could have provided. In that moment, I realized that sometimes, the simplest acts of kindness can have the greatest impact. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者多年前某天早上决定去利物浦市中心给自己买些东西，遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的女孩，女孩说要为弟弟买一个泰迪熊，作为生日礼物，但是女孩的钱不够。作者目睹了一切以后，把自己买的熊送给了女孩，女孩高兴地离开了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“正当我犹豫的时候，女孩向全世界宣布：‘哦，好吧，那我就把我的熊给他吧。’”可知，第一段可描写作者听到女孩的话的感悟。 ②由第二段首句内容“‘对不起，’我喊道，手里拿着包好的熊”可知，第二段可描写作者把熊送给了女孩，女孩高兴地离开了。 2.续写线索：女孩放弃——失望准备离开——作者感悟——作者送熊——女孩高兴——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①意识到：realize/be aware of ②无意听见：overhear / happen to hear ③超过：exceed/surpass 情绪类 ①失望：disappointment/depression ②惊喜：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】[高分句型1] As I watched her, I realized that her generosity and love for her brother far outshone any material possession I could buy that day. (运用了as引导时间状语从句和that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] The girl’s face lit up with joy, and she eagerly accepted the bear, thanking me profusely. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年第二学期开学考高二年级 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman think of her vacation? A. Exciting. B. Tiring. C. Disappointing. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to buy. B. Where to eat. C. When to set off. 3. How many students are there in the dorm now? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Doctor and patient. B. Boss and employee. C. Teacher and student. 5. Why will Anna leave her job? A. To look after her kids. B. To treat her illness. C. To run a store. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答6-7小题。 6. What does the man want to buy? A. A sofa. B. A table. C. A lamp. 7. What will the speakers probably do next? A. Shop for a sofa. B. Remove the lamp. C. Read some books. 听下面一段较长对话，回答8-9小题。 8. What did David do last night? A. He went to a concert. B. He practiced the violin. C. He watched a soccer game. 9. Who works in the hospital? A. Mary's mother. B. Mary's father. C. Tina. 听下面一段较长对话，回答10-12小题。 10. What do Jack’s parents want him to be? A. A historian. B. A scientist. C. A doctor. 11. In which subject did Jack get an A? A. French. B. History. C. Science. 12. What does the woman advise Jack to do? A. Study medicine. B. Talk to his parents. C. Take the exam again. 听下面一段较长对话，回答13-16小题。 13. What is needed for the apartment? A. A sofa. B. A fridge. C. A TV set. 14 What is the disadvantage of the apartment? A. It’s a little small. B. It’s quite expensive. C. It has no furniture. 15. What does the woman ask about the apartment at last? A Its location. B. Its price. C. Its size. 16. What are the speakers probably going to do next? A. Continue searching. B. Talk with their neighbors. C. Decide on the apartment. 听下面一段独白，回答17-20小题。 17. Why will the speaker go to Melbourne? A. To visit her sister. B. To study at a university. C. To give birth to her first child. 18. What does the speaker plan to do in Sydney? A. See kangaroos. B. Watch a music show. C. Visit Royal Botanic Gardens. 19. Where will the speaker return on the 10th? A. Melbourne. B. Queensland. C. Sydney. 20. When will the speaker arrive in London? A. On the 11th. B. On the 12th. C. On the 13th. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are four student podcasts (播客) that offer a glimpse into the minds of students and what they say about news concerning climate in their communities — and what they hope to do about it. Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire In a 10-episode series, a sixth-grade class at the Georgetown School of Innovation in Georgetown, Calif., shares stories from the damaging Mosquito Fire in 2022. This group of eight students asks two firefighters from the Georgetown Fire Department what it’s like to fight fires and protect loved ones in their hometown. Fires: Set Ablaze At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashon fifth-graders talk about the far-reaching and lasting impact of wildfires and wildfire smoke — and the direct effects on their lives, like waiting for the school bus on a smoky day. The students also interview experts and share their research on wildfire precautions (预防措施). Flowing Through Time In this podcast from Peak Academy, a group of eight middle schoolers reports on dealing with water shortages in Bozeman, Montana. They trace the history of their growing hometown’s water supply, which has been dependent on mountain snowmelt. As that source becomes less reliable in a warming world, the students turn to the grown-ups to ask what they can do to conserve water. Washed Away The deadly flooding in eastern Kentucky last year forever changed the lives of high schoolers Ryley Bowman, Carolina Johnson and Hunter Noble. The three classmates at Morgan County High School in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accounts of their own and their family’s experiences during the floods. 1. Who shows interest in firefighters’ stories? A. Peak Academy students. B. Chautauqua Elementary students. C. Morgan County High School students. D. Georgetown School of Innovation students. 2. Which podcast shows concern for water conservation? A. Washed Away. B. Fires: Set Ablaze. C. Flowing Through Time. D. Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire. 3. What do Fires: Set Ablaze and Washed Away have in common? A They consult experts’ research results. B. They explore the causes of climate change. C. They share students’ personal experiences. D. They discuss precautions for natural disasters. B “I’ve never picked the jobs I’ve done in my life,” says Mark Sadler, who spent 20 years working at the London underground. But when he retired, he became a lifeguard. Three years ago, Sadler was giving blood when he felt chest pain. He says, “The doctor asked: ‘Do you drink?’ Yeah, probably too much. ‘Do you smoke?’ Yes. They could see by my size that I ate too much.” Then Sadler stopped smoking and drinking. “I’ve always had to earn as much as I can to provide for my family,” Sadler says. At the underground, he looked after the engineering fleet (工程车队). He worked 10-to 12-hour days, and often returned to visit the tunnels at night. “If I got the call at 1, I’d be on the go at1: 15.” He regards his wife and two daughters as “always the most important thing in my life”, but while he worked, “they were wrapped in clingfilm (保鲜膜)”. He means he could see them, but they were in a separate world. That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an offer. “I told them: ‘If you have a child, I will become a full-time grandparent.’” For the past couple of years, he has combined caring for his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shown “how much I missed” as a father. Now he is part of a community. “In my old job, I used to say to everyone: ‘Every day you’re learning.’ I feel that even more now that I’ve got to 60. I’m doing something that I chose. I can balance my job with my wife and family. It is everything I want.” 4. What made Sadler change his lifestyle? A. A health problem. B. Pursuit of an ideal job. C. An accident at the underground. D. Financial pressures from his family. 5. What was Sadler’s experience like while working at the underground? A. It offered him flexibility. B. It was physically dangerous. C. It was associated with stress. D. It allowed him to travel the world. 6. Why did Sadler decide to become a full-time grandparent? A. To escape job-related burnout. B. To enjoy his retirement. C. To challenge himself. D. To focus on family. 7. How does Sadler feel about his career shift? A. Regretful. B. Nervous. C. Relieved. D. Satisfied. C The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually a terrible warning. Even if we know robots are not literally the murderous machines of films in which the inventor loses control of his creation, they can inspire fear. In the real world, they are able to kill off well-paid jobs in factories and warehouses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in robotics will bring real and fundamental benefits. New “multimodal” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect allow robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. You can tell a robot to adjust its behaviour simply by changing an instruction, something that would previously have required complicated reprogramming. The new models enable robots to explain the reasoning behind their actions. That is useful when they behave in unexpected or unwelcome ways. So long as robots’ brains are not confusing black boxes, programming and debugging (排错) them is fairly straightforward. The new models are also less likely to make things up, as the way they perceive things is rooted in observations of the world, and they aim to ensure that cognitive and physical reality match. Labour markets across the rich world are tight — and getting tighter as societies age. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living as they are aging rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well change from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. 8. Why are people concerned about robots? A. They can raise unemployment rates. B. They are replacing low-paid labor. C They might become killers. D. They are hard to control. 9. What is the strength of new “multimodal” AI models? A. Interacting with other robots. B. Replacing human workers completely. C. Being free from reprogramming. D. Comprehending spoken commands. 10. What causes the new models to be more reliable? A. Their logic reasoning. B. Their debugging ability. C. Their reality-based perception. D. Their detailed observation. 11 What does the author think of robots in an aging society? A. They benefit the elderly most. B. They contribute to social harmony. C. They speed technological innovation. D. They sustain labor productivity. D It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) driving trains and boats. 12. Why is Eli Whitney mentioned by the writer in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To deny a statement. C. To clarify a doubt. D. To illustrate a view. 13. What led to the wide use of motor vehicles according to the text? A. The improvement of engine performance. B. The end of World War I. C. The need of the military during war time. D. The decline of horse-drawn wagons. 14. What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Absence of public demand. B. Bad performance of early models. C. A lack of time and expense. D. Awful looks of previous inventions. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention B. Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress C. Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention D. General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Few people get excited about meetings. Meetings often become long-winded affairs where many people are not really contributing, and, sometimes, that happens because the people have no real reason to be there. Meetings can feel like a way to waste time. ____16____. Let’s find out what makes for a good meeting agenda (议程) that will leave employees satisfied and ready to get to work. ____17____ Meetings can be unavoidable, but they can become useful tools rather than terrible experiences. One of the best ways to ensure this is to respect people’s time. Try to make meetings quick and focused. Note the key points and follow them ____18____. Make sure that everyone has access to the plan and also keep watch to ensure that the conversations keep to the plan. If other people are trying to take the dialogue in another direction, don’t be afraid to stop them and to offer to discuss the other points another time. Keep a separate section for questions Questions and comments can be valuable if focused on the topic. However, a good tip is to offer a special section that focuses on members’ additional contributions. ____19____. Take time before and after the meeting It’s necessary to communicate before the meeting. ____20____. Some groups need to be reminded to participate, while others should be reminded to keep their comments short and to the point. After the meeting, examine what went right and offer positive observations. But also note what can be improved and where the problem lies. Work better to improve the situation the next time. A. Respect people’s time. B. Focus on the essentials. C. It’s important to keep the main points in writing. D. Set ground rules depending on your particular group. E. Instead, perform the tasks of a meeting through an email. F. However, when done correctly, they can also be powerful tools. G. For new questions, matters, and more, set time aside at the end. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Another year as a junior high teacher in New Jersey was coming to an end. The ___21___ for the eighth-grade graduates was about to begin. Having taught for 15 years, I ___22___ that teaching was a profession where you receive very few thank-you notes and never know the impact you’ve had. This ___23___ feeling is especially strong on graduation day. On the way to the ceremony, I ___24___ my American history classroom to pick up a few items to take home. There I saw a sheet of paper. It was a note ___25___ to me from an eighth grader. It was about 500 words long. This quiet young lady had written to express her ___26___ for the positive effect I had on her life both emotionally and ___27___. She wrote about the ___28___ time she’d had in class initially, but it was me who made learning enjoyable and gave her ___29___ that she would do well in high school. I was moved to tears, and ____30____ thinking about the note throughout the ceremony. This student ____31____ my life forever. Now I still see her occasionally. I always make a point of saying hello and ____32____ her college experience, hoping she realizes the ____33____ she has had on me. Whenever I ____34____ whether I make a difference, I read her note, and tears appear once again — tears of gratitude for having the opportunity to ____35____ this one angelic student. 21. A. training B. lecture C. ceremony D. exam 22. A. hoped B. realized C. denied D. suspected 23. A. warm B. exciting C. empty D. shameful 24. A. looked for B. stopped by C. stormed into D. cleaned up 25. A. addressed B. donated C. returned D. handed 26. A. gratitude B. support C. preference D. desire 27. A. socially B. economically C. physically D. academically 28. A. fun B. tough C. limited D. precious 29. A. advice B. evidence C. confidence D. credit 30. A. stopped B. forgot C. allowed D. kept 31. A. changed B. guided C. saved D. controlled 32. A. reflecting on B. inquiring about C. adapting to D. learning from 33. A. reliance B. impression C. impact D. pity 34. A. question B. guess C. rule out D. figure out 35. A. cure B. assess C. honor D. meet 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a traditional medicine that originated from the Han nationality in China and has a history of thousands of years. When compared with modern medicine, often it ____36____ (classify) into the category of traditional medicine. TCM takes the yin-yang and five elements as its theoretical basis, regarding the human body ____37____ a unity of qi, form and spirit. Through the methods of ____38____ (observe) , inquiry, palpation(触诊)and comprehensive analysis, TCM practitioners analyze the complex clinical symptoms, thus obtaining the names of diseases ____39____ determining the methods of treatment. ____40____ (impact) by the West, most people thought that TCM was a medicine full of folk prescriptions and superstitions. But since the 1950s, TCM ____41____ (begin) to introduce the research system of Western medicine, and re-interpret TCM through scientific analysis of the principles of treatment courses. The introduction of concepts such as Western biology and molecular medicine has contributed to modern TCM, changing from the empty concept of yin-yang harmony to ____42____ (emphasize) theoretical basis. In ____43____ new era, TCM is integrated with Western medicine and is full of vitality in more fields. TCM has also entered the mainstream therapies ____44____ (global) and even provide solutions to some serious diseases ____45____ modern medicine has failed to solve. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英语社团负责人李华，你们社团将代表学校参加英语诗歌创作大赛。请你给外教John写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．比赛相关情况介绍； 2．需要他提供的帮助。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Nearly thirty years ago I was a trainee engineer based in Liverpool. I was hundreds of miles from home, but I had a nice place to live in, wasn’t overworked, had a good bunch of friends and plenty of money in my pocket. One Saturday morning I decided to walk into Liverpool city centre and buy myself something. I didn’t need anything. I was just going to spend some money! The walk was about four miles and took me through Toxteth, an area which two years later would erupt into rioting, largely because of the poverty of the place. I stopped in a store to buy myself some sweets for the walk. While I was making up my mind which one to choose, the door opened and in walked this “ragamuffin” (邋遢的人) . It looked like she might have been four years old at the most She was wearing a summer dress and sandals (凉鞋) even though it was a bitterly cold day, and she was not clean. She walked up to the counter, reached up and placed a fifty pence coin on the glass. Then, the proudly announced that she had saved this up for her little brother’s birthday and she wanted to buy him a teddy bear and she wanted that one there. The woman behind the counter told the little girl the teddy bear cost more than 50 pence. The girl tried another one, and another one, and another one. By this time I had been keeping an eye on this. I knew that none of the bears could be bought for 50 pence. I also knew that I could easily buy the best bear there with the money I was going to waste that day, but did I want to encourage a little girl to take money from strangers? 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请在答题卡上的相应位置作答。 While I hesitated, the girl announced to the world, “Oh well, I’ll just give him my bear then.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Excuse me,” I called out, holding the wrapped bear in my hands. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$