河北中考专题 06 词汇填空精讲专练（被动语态和非谓语动词）-冲刺2025年中考英语二轮复习重难题型精讲精练（河北专用）

专题06 短文填空之适当形式填空 （被动语态与非谓语动词) （一） Tofu is 16 kind of popular food in China. Here is one of the 17 (story) about how it 18 (invent). In the Han Dynasty, there 19 (be) a man who loved his parents very much. But they were so old 20 they could only eat soft food, so the man decided 21 (cook) some soybeans (大豆) for them. He mashed (捣碎) the soybeans and made 22 (they) into soup. The soybean soup didn’t taste very good in the 23 (begin) because there were too many soybean crumbs (碎屑) 24 it. The man took the crumbs away, 25 his parents still didn’t like it. He thought and thought many times. At last he 26 (add) some salt and heated it again. When the soup cooled down, it 27 (turn) into a piece of jelly (胶状物). The man was 28 (surprise) by its taste and his parents loved it very much. 29 (final), people around the country all 30 (learn) how to make tofu. 【答案】 16．a 17．stories 18．was invented 19．was 20．that 21．to cook 22．them 23．beginning 24．in 25．but 26．added 27．turned 28．surprised 29．Finally 30．learned （二） As Grade 9 students, there are many difficulties in our lives and studies. What should we do in face of them? Shall we run away from them? 31 shall we go out to deal with them? We must think 32 (two) before acting. First of all, we should regard them as challenges and face them 33 (brave). It’s a good chance to improve ourselves. Secondly, we must step out of our comfort zone and try 34 (solve) these difficulties step by step. It truly requires courage and 35 (confident) to defeat them. Nothing 36 (be) impossible if we keep on trying. It is necessary and important for us to listen carefully in class and take 37 active part in all kinds of practice. We should also cooperate with our 38 (partner) or team members sincerely. Most importantly, we must concentrate ourselves while 39 (study). Once I 40 (do) badly in English. But I 41 (improve) a lot since I changed my methods and attitude (态度) of learning. The harder we work, the 42 (good) future we will have. Only 43 this way can we become more capable and confident. There’s no short cut. Whatever challenges we may face, we should always remember we study not only for 44 (we) own future but for our country. Strong youth, strong country. Let’s go on fighting until we 45 (success). Come on, guys! 【答案】 31．Or 32．twice 33．bravely 34．to solve 35．confidence 36．is 37．an 38．partners 39．studying 40．did 41．have improved 42．better 43．in 44．our 45．succeed （三） One day a group of friends climbed mountains. The snow went on 46 (fall) and they 47 (can) see only a few meters in front of 48 (they). “We should go back,” said Judy. She was afraid. “But where is the path?” Everything 49 (cover) with snow. The sky was grey. “What’s 50 time?” asked Paul. Judy looked at her watch. “Nearly 5 o’clock. It will get dark 51 an hour.” “We must continue walking and hope we find the path. I think the snow is stopping,” said Paul. But it wasn’t stopping. The wind 52 (be) strong. It blew around them. “Just keep going downhill,” said Judy. “We can’t go wrong.” Then Paul fell on some rocks. He shouted, “Judy! I want 53 (stand) up but I couldn’t. I’ve hurt my leg.” His leg hurt too much. “I’ll have to phone and I 54 (ask) the mountain service to help us.” said Judy. “I hope the mobile phone works here!” 55 (lucky), it did. They phoned the mountain service. “Don’t move. Stay where you are. Now we 56 (send) a team there!” shouted the man 57 the phone. They were not far 58 the path so the team found them easily. They were lucky! People often 59 (get) into trouble when they climb mountains. You must always tell someone where you are going 60 take a mobile phone with you. 【答案】 46．falling 47．could 48．them 49．was covered 50．the 51．in 52．was 53．to stand 54．will ask 55．Luckily 56．are sending 57．on 58．from 59．get 60．and 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$中考专题 短文填空之适当形式填空 （被动语态） 分析考情·确定目标 探究考法·突破考点 运用策略·逐步提升 目录 真题操练·提升能力 2 分析考情·确定目标 题型 考频 真题分析 考查目的 命题预测 短文 填空 5年5考 1.从样卷中能够看出，该题包含 2 个名词(其中 1 个名词变为复数，1 个变为名词)，7道考查动词的题目(5 个考查时态，1 个考查被动语态，1 个考查非谓语动词)、1 个副词(由形容词变为副词)、1 个数词(基数词变为序数词)以及 4 个盲填(2 个介词、1 个冠词、1 个连词) 2. 虽然整体沿用往年的考查方式但对动词的考査题目增多，从原来的2 道变为现在的 7 道。3. 题目要求的所填词数也由原来的每空一词，变为现在每空一词和单词正确形式相结合。文本篇幅更长，题目难度增大。 由“用所给词的适当形式填空”加“盲填”组成。考点主要集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词及动词短语上,名词的考查重点是复数变化及词性转化,动词及动词短语的考查重点是时态、语态和非谓语的变化,形容词、副词、数词、代词的考查重点在词性转化上,盲填主要考查虚词。 在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力 4 探究考法·突破考点 Over 2,000 years ago，our ancestors built the Great Wall . It Today, millions of tourists visit the Great Wall every year. It __________________ (consider) one of the greatest wonders of the world. 语境驱动性原则：题目会提供一个完整的语境，要求学生根据上下文判断是否需要使用被动语态。 目的： 培养语境分析理解能力。 设题原则 is considered Last week, our city opened a new park. The park ______________ (create) to provide a green space for people to relax. There are many trees and benches around the park. The park ______________ (expect) to attract thousands of visitors every month. 时态与语态结合原则：题目会结合不同的时态（如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等）考查被动语态的使用。 目的： 检测语法使用情况。 设题原则 was created is expected 运用策略·逐步提升 1. 熟悉被动语态的定义。 被动语态（Passive Voice）是英语语法中的一种语态形式，用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。其基本结构为： **be + 过去分词** 其中，be动词根据时态和主语的人称、数发生变化，过去分词则是动词的第三种形式。 主动语态：He wrote the book. 被动语态：The book was written by him. 2. 了解被动语态的使用场景。 强调动作的承受者 当句子的重点是动作的承受者而非执行者时，使用被动语态。 - The cake was eaten by the children.（强调蛋糕被吃了） - The letter was sent yesterday.（强调信被寄出） - English is spoken all over the world.（不需要强调谁在说英语） 3. 时态与被动语态的结合。 - 被动语态可以与不同时态结合，表达不同时间发生的动作。 - 关键：根据时间状语和语境选择正确的时态。 01 03 02 一般现在时的被动语态 描述经常发生或普遍真理的动作，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时 。 结构形式 am/is/are + 过去分词 考点知识 一般现在时 例句 The story ________ (love) by readers all over the world. is loved 12 01 03 02 一般过去时的被动语态 当动作发生在过，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时。 结构形式 was/were + 过去分词 考点知识 一般过去时 例句 The Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings in the world, __________ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century. is painted 13 01 03 02 一般将来时的被动语态 描述将来发生的动作或状态，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时。 结构形式 will be + 过去分词 考点知识 一般将来时 例句 The meeting _____________ (hold) in the new conference room tomorrow. will be held 14 4. 注意被动语态中的主谓一致 考查学生能否正确处理主语与be动词在人称和数上的一致性。 Last year, our school decided to build a new library to provide students with a better learning environment. The plan for the library ________________ (design) by a famous architect. The workers ________________ (train) to ensure safety and quality during the construction process. was designed were trained 中考专题 短文填空之适当形式填空 （非谓语动词） 探究考法·突破考点 不定式的定义与基本用法 不定式通常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，“I go to the store to buy some milk.”中的“to buy some milk”就表明了我去商店的目的。 表示目的 不定式可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，“She plans to visit her grandparents next week.”中的“to visit her grandparents”就是她计划在未来做的事情。 表示将来动作 不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，“He wants to finish his homework before dinner.”中的“to finish his homework”就是他还没有完成的事情。 表示未完成的动作 考查内容 让我们首先来探讨不定式的定义与基本用法。不定式是一种非常灵活的语法结构，它通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。首先，不定式经常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，在句子“I go to the store to buy some milk”中，“to buy some milk”明确地告诉我们去商店的目的。这种用法使我们的表达更加具体和清晰。 接下来，不定式也可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，在句子“She plans to visit her grandparents next week”中，“to visit her grandparents”表明了她未来的一个计划。这种用法帮助我们传达未来的意图或安排。 最后，不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，在句子“He wants to finish his homework before dinner”中，“to finish his homework”说明了他还没有完成的任务。这种用法有助于描述当前的状态或愿望。 通过这些例子，我们可以看到不定式在表达目的、将来动作和未完成动作时的重要性。它不仅丰富了我们的语言表达，还使得我们的意思更加明确和直接。 18 动名词的定义与基本用法 动名词可以作为句子的主语，表达一个抽象的概念或活动。例如，“Swimming is good for your health.” 中的“Swimming”就是句子的主语。 。 作主语 动名词可以作为某些动词的宾语，表示动作的对象。例如，“I enjoy playing basketball.” 中的“playing basketball”就是动词“enjoy”的宾语。 作宾语 动名词经常出现在介词之后，构成介词短语。例如，“She is good at singing.” 中的“singing”就是介词“at”的宾语。 作介词后的成分 考查内容 让我们首先来探讨不定式的定义与基本用法。不定式是一种非常灵活的语法结构，它通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。首先，不定式经常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，在句子“I go to the store to buy some milk”中，“to buy some milk”明确地告诉我们去商店的目的。这种用法使我们的表达更加具体和清晰。 接下来，不定式也可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，在句子“She plans to visit her grandparents next week”中，“to visit her grandparents”表明了她未来的一个计划。这种用法帮助我们传达未来的意图或安排。 最后，不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，在句子“He wants to finish his homework before dinner”中，“to finish his homework”说明了他还没有完成的任务。这种用法有助于描述当前的状态或愿望。 通过这些例子，我们可以看到不定式在表达目的、将来动作和未完成动作时的重要性。它不仅丰富了我们的语言表达，还使得我们的意思更加明确和直接。 19 现在分词的定义与基本用法 现在分词可以表示主语正在进行的动作，并且这个动作是由主语主动发起的。例如，“The sleeping cat is on the sofa.” 中的“sleeping”表示猫正在主动地睡觉。 表示主动 现在分词可以用来表示正在进行的动作。例如，“There is a boy reading a book.” 中的“reading”表示男孩正在读书。 表示进行 现在分词可以用来表示与主要动词同时发生的动作。例如，“She walked into the room, singing a song.” 中的“singing”表示她在走进房间的同时唱歌。 表示伴随 考查内容 让我们首先来探讨不定式的定义与基本用法。不定式是一种非常灵活的语法结构，它通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。首先，不定式经常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，在句子“I go to the store to buy some milk”中，“to buy some milk”明确地告诉我们去商店的目的。这种用法使我们的表达更加具体和清晰。 接下来，不定式也可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，在句子“She plans to visit her grandparents next week”中，“to visit her grandparents”表明了她未来的一个计划。这种用法帮助我们传达未来的意图或安排。 最后，不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，在句子“He wants to finish his homework before dinner”中，“to finish his homework”说明了他还没有完成的任务。这种用法有助于描述当前的状态或愿望。 通过这些例子，我们可以看到不定式在表达目的、将来动作和未完成动作时的重要性。它不仅丰富了我们的语言表达，还使得我们的意思更加明确和直接。 20 过去分词的定义与基本用法 过去分词可以表示动作的承受者，即动作是被施加给承受者的。例如，“The broken window needs to be fixed.” 中的“broken”表示窗户是被打破的。 表示被动 过去分词可以用来表示已经完成的动作。例如，“All the work done, we went home.” 中的“done”表示他已经完成了工作。 表示完成 过去分词可以用来表示某种状态或条件。例如，“The excited children ran around the playground.” 中的“excited”表示孩子处于害怕的状态。 表示状态 考查内容 让我们首先来探讨不定式的定义与基本用法。不定式是一种非常灵活的语法结构，它通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。首先，不定式经常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，在句子“I go to the store to buy some milk”中，“to buy some milk”明确地告诉我们去商店的目的。这种用法使我们的表达更加具体和清晰。 接下来，不定式也可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，在句子“She plans to visit her grandparents next week”中，“to visit her grandparents”表明了她未来的一个计划。这种用法帮助我们传达未来的意图或安排。 最后，不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，在句子“He wants to finish his homework before dinner”中，“to finish his homework”说明了他还没有完成的任务。这种用法有助于描述当前的状态或愿望。 通过这些例子，我们可以看到不定式在表达目的、将来动作和未完成动作时的重要性。它不仅丰富了我们的语言表达，还使得我们的意思更加明确和直接。 21 运用策略·逐步提升 1. 分析句子结构 判断空格处是否需要非谓语动词（无谓语或已有谓语）。 1. He stood there, ______ (watch) the sunset. → 已有谓语动词 stood，watch这个动作表伴随，所以用现在分词 watching 。 2. The cake ___________ (bake) by my mom yesterday. → 无谓语动词，bake作为谓语，与主语是被动关系，所以答案是 was baked。 2. 确定非谓语动词的功能 作主语/宾语 → 动名词（doing）； 作目的状语 → 不定式（to do）； 作定语/伴随状语 → 分词（doing/done）。 1. ______ (learn) a language needs patience. → 主语用动名词 Learning。 2. I went to the library ______ (borrow) a book. → 目的状语用不定式 to borrow。 3. 判断主被动关系。 若动作由主语主动发出 → 主动形式（doing/to do）； 若动作承受于主语 → 被动形式（to be done/done）。 1. The girl ______ (call) Mary is my friend. → 被称作 Mary，表被动，用过去分词 called。 2. He wants ______ (send) the letter immediately. → 去寄信，表主动，用 to send。 4. 注意固定搭配与特殊句型。 熟记高频动词后的非谓语形式： - avoid doing, practice doing, suggest doing**； - pretend to do, refuse to do, hope to do； - be used to doing（习惯） vs. used to do（过去常做）。 - It’s +adj. (for sb. )to do sth. Zeng Xiaomeng became blind a few months after she was born. Years ago, she talked to her parents 1 her dream of learning to sing. So they 2 (send) her to a special education school. It is not easy for Zeng 3 (learn) songs. She needs to use Braille (盲文) to read the words of songs. She 4 (usual) needs to practice the songs again and again. Though it often takes her at least a month to learn a song, she never gives 5 . Zeng has a gift for music and learns 6 (fast) than others at school. Her music teacher is 7 (pride) of her and wants to help. She posted 8 video of Zeng’s singing on the Internet. Many people 9 (touch) by Zeng’s beautiful voice. They left a lot of 10 (message) praising her. “I’m really thankful for 11 (they) encouragement. I will sing better 12 live better,” she replied. Music has 13 (bring) great changes to Zeng’s life and her personality. She felt much better about 14 (her) and got more courage. She began to share her own singing videos online. With music in her heart, she 15 (become) more active and wants to plant her feet in the field of music in the future. 1．about 2．sent 3．to learn 4．usually 5．up 6．faster 7．proud 8．a 9．were touched 10．messages 11．their 12．and 13．brought 14．herself 15．becomes Have a bright future! $$ 专题06 短文填空之适当形式填空 （被动语态与非谓语动词) 分析考情·确定目标 题型 考查频次 真题分析 考查目的 命题预测 短文 填空 5年5考 由“用所给词的适当形式填空”加“盲填”组成。考点主要集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词及动词短语上,名词的考查重点是复数变化及词性转化,动词及动词短语的考查重点是时态、语态和非谓语的变化,形容词、副词、数词、代词的考查重点在词性转化上,盲填主要考查虚词。 在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力 1.从样卷中能够看出，该题包含 2 个名词(其中 1 个名词变为复数，1 个变为名词)，7道考查动词的题目(5 个考查时态，1 个考查被动语态，1 个考查非谓语动词)、1 个副词(由形容词变为副词)、1 个数词(基数词变为序数词)以及 4 个盲填(2 个介词、1 个冠词、1 个连词) 2. 虽然整体沿用往年的考查方式但对动词的考査题目增多，从原来的2 道变为现在的 7 道。3. 题目要求的所填词数也由原来的每空一词，变为现在每空一词和单词正确形式相结合。文本篇幅更长，题目难度增大。 被动语态 探究考法·突破考点 设题原则 语境驱动性原则：题目会提供一个完整的语境，要求学生根据上下文判断是否需要使用被动语态。 目的： 培养语境分析理解能力。 Over 2,000 years ago，our ancestors built the Great Wall . It Today, millions of tourists visit the Great Wall every year. It __________________ (consider) one of the greatest wonders of the world. 时态与语态结合原则：题目会结合不同的时态（如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等）考查被动语态的使用。 目的： 检测语法使用情况。 Last week, our city opened a new park. The park ______________ (create) to provide a green space for people to relax. There are many trees and benches around the park. The park ______________ (expect) to attract thousands of visitors every month. 运用策略·逐步提升 1. 熟悉被动语态的定义。 被动语态（Passive Voice）是英语语法中的一种语态形式，用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。其基本结构为： **be + 过去分词** 其中，be动词根据时态和主语的人称、数发生变化，过去分词则是动词的第三种形式。 主动语态：He wrote the book. 被动语态：The book was written by him. 2. 了解被动语态的使用场景。 强调动作的承受者 当句子的重点是动作的承受者而非执行者时，使用被动语态。 - The cake was eaten by the children.（强调蛋糕被吃了） - The letter was sent yesterday.（强调信被寄出） - English is spoken all over the world.（不需要强调谁在说英语） 3. 时态与被动语态的结合。 - 被动语态可以与不同时态结合，表达不同时间发生的动作。 - 关键：根据时间状语和语境选择正确的时态。 · 一般现在时的被动语态 描述经常发生或普遍真理的动作，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时 。 结构形式 am/is/are + 过去分词 例句 The story ________ (love) by readers all over the world. · 一般过去时的被动语态 当动作发生在过，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时。 结构形式 was/were + 过去分词 例句 The Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings in the world, __________ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century. · 一般将来时的被动语态 描述将来发生的动作或状态，并且主语是动作的承受者而非执行者时。 结构形式 will be + 过去分词 例句 The meeting _____________ (hold) in the new conference room tomorrow. 4. 注意被动语态中的主谓一致 考查学生能否正确处理主语与be动词在人称和数上的一致性。 Last year, our school decided to build a new library to provide students with a better learning environment. The plan for the library ________________ (design) by a famous architect. The workers ________________ (train) to ensure safety and quality during the construction process. 非谓语动词 考查内容 · 不定式的定义与基本用法 表示目的 不定式通常用于表示某个行为的目的。例如，“I go to the store to buy some milk.”中的“to buy some milk”就表明了我去商店的目的。 表示将来动作 不定式可以用来表示将要发生的动作。例如，“She plans to visit her grandparents next week.”中的“to visit her grandparents”就是她计划在未来做的事情 表示未完成的动作 不定式还可以用来表示尚未完成的动作。例如，“He wants to finish his homework before dinner.”中的“to finish his homework”就是他还没有完成的事情。 · 动名词的定义与基本用法 作主语 动名词可以作为句子的主语，表达一个抽象的概念或活动。例如，“Swimming is good for your health.” 中的“Swimming”就是句子的主语。 作宾语 动名词可以作为某些动词的宾语，表示动作的对象。例如，“I enjoy playing basketball.” 中的“playing basketball”就是动词“enjoy”的宾语。 作介词后的成分 动名词经常出现在介词之后，构成介词短语。例如，“She is good at singing.” 中的“singing”就是介词“at”的宾语。 · 现在分词的定义与基本用法 表示主动 现在分词可以表示主语正在进行的动作，并且这个动作是由主语主动发起的。例如，“The sleeping cat is on the sofa.” 中的“sleeping”表示猫正在主动地睡觉。 表示进行 现在分词可以用来表示正在进行的动作。例如，“There is a boy reading a book.” 中的“reading”表示男孩正在读书。 表示伴随 现在分词可以用来表示与主要动词同时发生的动作。例如，“She walked into the room, singing a song.” 中的“singing”表示她在走进房间的同时唱歌。 · 过去分词的定义与基本用法 表示被动 过去分词可以表示动作的承受者，即动作是被施加给承受者的。例如，“The broken window needs to be fixed.” 中的“broken”表示窗户是被打破的。 表示完成 过去分词可以用来表示已经完成的动作。例如，“All the work done, we went home.” 中的“done”表示他已经完成了工作。 表示状态 过去分词可以用来表示某种状态或条件。例如，“The excited children ran around the playground.” 中的“excited”表示孩子处于害怕的状态。 1. 分析句子结构 判断空格处是否需要非谓语动词（无谓语或已有谓语）。 1. He stood there, ______ (watch) the sunset. 2. The cake ___________ (bake) by my mom yesterday. 2. 确定非谓语动词的功能 作主语/宾语 → 动名词（doing）； 作目的状语 → 不定式（to do）； 作定语/伴随状语 → 分词（doing/done）。 1. ______ (learn) a language needs patience. 2. I went to the library ______ (borrow) a book. 3. 判断主被动关系。 若动作由主语主动发出 → 主动形式（doing/to do）； 若动作承受于主语 → 被动形式（to be done/done）。 1. The girl ______ (call) Mary is my friend. 2. He wants ______ (send) the letter immediately. 4. 注意固定搭配与特殊句型。 熟记高频动词后的非谓语形式： - avoid doing, practice doing, suggest doing**； - pretend to do, refuse to do, hope to do； - be used to doing（习惯） vs. used to do（过去常做）。 - It’s +adj. (for sb. )to do sth. 运用策略·逐步提升 Zeng Xiaomeng became blind a few months after she was born. Years ago, she talked to her parents 1 her dream of learning to sing. So they 2 (send) her to a special education school. It is not easy for Zeng 3 (learn) songs. She needs to use Braille (盲文) to read the words of songs. She 4 (usual) needs to practice the songs again and again. Though it often takes her at least a month to learn a song, she never gives 5 . Zeng has a gift for music and learns 6 (fast) than others at school. Her music teacher is 7 (pride) of her and wants to help. She posted 8 video of Zeng’s singing on the Internet. Many people 9 (touch) by Zeng’s beautiful voice. They left a lot of 10 (message) praising her. “I’m really thankful for 11 (they) encouragement. I will sing better 12 live better,” she replied. Music has 13 (bring) great changes to Zeng’s life and her personality. She felt much better about 14 (her) and got more courage. She began to share her own singing videos online. With music in her heart, she 15 (become) more active and wants to plant her feet in the field of music in the future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$