Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement Discovering useful structures 非限制性定语从句 Review The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou. 先行词 定语从句 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 who/whom which/that whose/as where when why 你的标题 点击此处输入你的具体文本说明点点击此处输入点击此处 先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 人 主 宾 定 物 主 宾 定 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose(=of whom) that/which that/which/省略 whose(=of which) 先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系副词 时间名词 时间状语 地点名词 地点状语 reason 原因状语 why when where = 介词+ which 1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully. 2. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week. 3. Mary has read all the books ______ I lent her. 4. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red. 5. Do you know the woman ______ our teacher is talking to? 6. ____ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history. who/that that/which that whose whom As 关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主宾表, 是人时用 _____, ______ 或 _____; 是物时用 ______ 或 ______。先行词作定语, 表示“…… 的”时, 用 ______。修饰句子且表示“正如......”时，用_______。 who whom that which that as whose 7. Is it the reason ______________ you were late? 8. I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. 9. We walked in a garden _______________ many trees and flowers had been planted. 10. 2001-2005 are the years __________________ I studied in the university. why/for which when/during which where/in which when/on which 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用_____；作地点状语时用 _______；作时间状语时, 用 ______。还可以用____________来替换关系副词。 why where when 介词+which Explore Read & compare Non-restrictive relative clause Restrictive relative clause They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别 01 形式不同 限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开， 非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。 The number of people who/that own cars is increasing. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. 02 意义不同 1. I saw the guy who delivers my mail yesterday. 2. I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim. which guy? which river? 1. Paris, where I spent six months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world. 2. The woman , whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week. 若去掉，句子含义不明确 若去掉，不影响句子含义 Restrictive relative clause Non-restrictive relative clause 03 先行词不同 限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词， 非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。 Mexico is a city, which has a lot of attractions. He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. 04 翻译不同 In the class there are ten students who/that speak English very well. 2. In the class there are ten students, who speak English very well. 翻译： 含义： 翻译： 含义： 这个班有10名英语说得好的。学生 修饰限定，班上不只有10名学生，但只有这10名学生英语说得好。 这个班有10名学生，他们英语说得很好。 补充说明，班上只有10个学生，补充他们的英语说得好。 Try to translate 1. My sister who works in Shanghai sends me email almost every day. 2. He is the man whose car was stolen. 3. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 4. They rely on themselves, which is much better. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 他们依靠自己，这样好得多。 限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。 非限制性定从通常译成主句的并列句。 05 关系词不同 判断下列句子正误 A young man had a new girl friend, who he wanted to impress. whom 1. 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语（指人）时只能用whom。 Wang Fang passed her exam, that surprised me a great deal. which 2. that不能引导非限制性定从。 This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. I have told them the reason, why I didn’t come to the party. for which 3. why不能引导非限制性定从，要用for which代替。 The car which/that I bought last year does not work. 4. 限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，可省略。 非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，不可省略。 。 The car I bought last year does not work. The car, which I bought last year, does not work. The car, I bought last year, does not work. 非限制性定从关系词总结 指人 指物 在定语从句中作的成分 who whom which whose 指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用 where when 注意：that，why 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用； why要用for which 替代 √ √ √ √ √ （或指代整个主句） 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 作宾语时不能用who √ √ 地点状语 时间状语 可用介词+which 关系代词 关系副词 补充1：as和which引导非限制性定从的区别 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，修饰、指代整个主句。 区别： 1. as 译为“正如…一样”；which译为“这”。 2. as 从句可置于主句之前，之中，之后；which从句只能置于主句之后。 3. as的先行词通常为整个主句； which可以是主句中的一部分或是整个主句。 4. 介词可以加which引导从句，as不可。 5. the same…as ，such…as 结构中，as引导限制性定从。 is reported, the pop star will come to Wenzhou next month. The pop star will come to Wenzhou next month, is reported. It was the fourth time that he had got first prize, surprised all of us. He published so many books, some of are still popular. Look! He wears the same kind of shoes you do. As as which which as as常见搭配 as is known to all as you know as is expected as we expected as has been mentioned above as is reported / said as a famous saying goes as is pointed out as you can see = as can be seen as is often the case 众所周知 正如你所知道的那样 正如所预料的那样 正如我们所期待的 正如上面所提到的 正如报道/所说的那样 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说 正如指出的 正如你所看见的 情况通常如此 as or which ①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。 She is always working hard，____ everyone can see. ②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。 The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive. ③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。 ______ everyone can see, she is honest. = She is honest，_______ everyone can see. ④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 ______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health. ⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。 Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad. as which As as As which 补充2：“名词/代词/数词+介词of/+关系的代词(which/whom)”结构 Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. China has 34 provinces, some of which are pretty poor. tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。 Summary 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 意义上 去掉从句， 去掉从句， 作用上 翻译上 关系词 无逗号 有逗号 主句意思不完整不明确 主句意思仍然完整清楚 修饰限定 只修饰一个名词或代词 补充说明 可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子 译为“……的” 常译成与主句并列的句子 作宾语时可省略 who不能在从句中做宾语关系词一般不可省略，不能用that, why引导 1. The famous basketball star, _____ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. They are always smoking, ______, of course, will do harm to their health. 3. I bought a car yesterday, ______ cost me a lot. 4. Xi'an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won't be so busy. 6. The school, ______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. The number of smokers, ______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.  which which who Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. which where when as 8. It is a truly delightful place, ________attracts lots of vistiors for its winding streets and pretty cottages.  9. Creating an atmosphere in ________employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.  10. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of________were published in the 1990s.  11.The books on the desk,________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.  which which which whose 12. The children, _________ wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled. who 13. The news that they will get married,_______ has not been announced, has spread around. 14. We’ll graduate in July,_______ we will be free to go anywhere. which when 15. Mr King, ________ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital. 16. We will put off the outing until next Sunday, _______________we won't be so busy. 17. Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, _____________ they had a good time. 18. He has been busy with his work the whole holiday,______has made his girlfriend unhappy. whose when/on which where/in which which Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom 1 which who(m) when whose in which of whom of which in which where where 1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 2 Professor Lu, ________ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law. 3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready. 4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you? 5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women. 8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both ________ can help you with collection and evaluation. 25 P. 62 2 Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary. 2 1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing. 2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention, that was not surprising at all. 3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties. 4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust. 5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need? 6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week? ∧ and (构成并列句) which (构成主从复合句) which (非限定性从句不能用that引导) √ that (去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句) that (what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all) that / which (引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词) (若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句) Thanks! $$