Unit 1 People of Achievement Using Language 词汇讲解 课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

physiology /ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/ n. 生理学；生理机能 -(o)logy = 科学或研究的领域 biology: 生物学 geology：地质学 sociology：社会学 ecology：生态学 biologist: 生物学家 geologist：地质学家 sociologist：社会学家 ecologist：生态学家 academy /əˈkædəmi/ n.（艺术、文学、科学等的） 研究院；学会； 专科院校（军事，音乐等）；（美国的）私立学校 CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 academic adj. 学业的；学术的 /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ botanical /bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/ adj. 植物（学）的 botany /ˈbɒtəni/ n. [U] 植物学 property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 性质，特征；[C usually pl.] 财产[U] pl. ( -ies ) This building is government property. extract /ˈekstrækt/ n. 提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出 /ɪkˈstrækt/ extraction n. 提取，提炼，开采 oil/mineral/coal extraction substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ n. 物质；物品(c)；事实根据(u) a chemical/radioactive substance 化学、放射性物质 banned/illegal substances (= drugs) 禁用、非法物品 It was gossip, without substance. 这是造谣，没有事实根据 flee /fliː/ v. 迅速离开；逃跑 fled, fled flee from = escape from...　 从……逃跑 circumstance n. [usually pl. ] 条件；环境；状况 1. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. 记住，目标是灵活的。它们可以根据情况而改变。 2. I know I can trust the woman in any circumstances. 我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。 3. Under/In no circumstances should you evaluate his scientific research in public. 你无论如何都不该当众评价他的科学研究。 under/in the circumstances 在此情况下 under/in no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不 (位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许 circumstance / ˈsɜːkəmstəns / n. 条件；环境;状况 辨析：circumstance, environment circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。 ● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。 We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. ● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。 The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment. 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. ②Under no circumstances (be) anyone allowed to use the telephone in the office for personal affairs. ③The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain (circumstance). ④ should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly. 在任何情况下，青少年都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面信息。 In/Under is circumstances Under/In no circumstances 随堂演练 novelist / ˈnɒvəlɪst / n. 小说家 novel n. (长篇) 小说 novel+ist =小说家 journalist：记者 artist：画家 violinist：小提琴家 capitalist：资本家 scientist：科学家 flow /fləʊ/ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 flow through/into 流经、流进 go with the flow 随大流 chart /tʃɑːt/ n. 图表 vt. 记录；制定计划 Flow chart 流程图 Pie chart 饼图 Line Chart 线形图 found / faʊnd / vt. 创建; 建立; 把……建立在 founder n. 创办者，发起者 区分：find (found，found) 发现，找到 found (founded, founded) 创建，建立 establish found v. 创建；建立；把……建立在 1. The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建的。 2. Their marriage was founded on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。 be founded on/upon sth. 建立在……基础之上；建在某物之上 foundation n. 地基；基础，根据 lay a (firm/solid) foundation for. . . 为……打下(坚实的)基础 founder n. 创办者，发起人 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Trinity College Library is in Ireland, which (found) at the end of the 16th century by Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. ②The teacher founded his system of language teaching the belief that speaking should come before reading. ③The builders are now beginning to lay the (found) for the new school. ④Harvard University, 1636, is the oldest university in the United States. 创办于1636年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学。 was founded on foundation founded in 随堂演练 infer /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ v. 推断；推定 What can we infer from the text? 因infer意为“推断”，必定是推断文中没有明说的，是要求考生根据文中已有信息再结合已有常识进行适当推断得出作者没有明说的言外之意或弦外之音。 inference n.推断的结果 ， 结论 dependence difference diligence convenience innocence absence confidence preference reference existence insistence divergence(分歧） correspondence(相关，相似) politician / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn / n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 politics n. 政治（活动） political adj. 政治上的 numerous adj.众多的；许多的 too numerous to mention/list 不胜枚举 make numerous efforts 付出巨大的努力 theory / ˈθɪəri / n. 理论; 学说 in theory 理论上，从理论来说 ☆ theoretical adj. 理论上的 ←→ practical adj.实际的/切实可行的 ☆ theoretically adv. 理论上/理论地 ←→ practically adv.几乎;实际上/事实上 theory of relativity 相对论 relative adj. 相对的；相关的 n. 亲戚 be relative to 与……有关；相对于 relatively adv. 比较而言；相对地 relativity /ˌreləˈtɪvəti/ n. （物理）相对论；相对性 genius / ˈdʒiːniəs / n. (pl: geniuses) 天才; 天资; 天赋 反义：idiot / ˈɪdiət / n. 笨蛋，蠢材 a genius for (doing) sth. （做）某事的天才 have a gift/ talent/ genius for… be gifted/ talented in… gentle [ˈdʒentl]: adj. 温柔的; 文静的 gently: adv. 温柔地; 文静地 gentleness n. 温和，和缓，宽大 (terrible comfortable simple gentle) 温柔的声音/微笑/柔和的音乐/和风 a gentle voice/smile/music/breeze 反义：rude adj.粗鲁的 rudeness n.粗鲁 patent /ˈpeɪt(ə)nt/ /ˈpæt(ə)nt/ n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 v. 获得专利 apply for/obtain a patent patentee 专利获得者 passion n.酷爱；激情 with passion充满激情地 be filled with/be full of passion充满激情 arouse one’s passion唤醒某人的激情 have a passion for酷爱…… 他正在演讲，饱含激情，还向我挥了挥手。(非谓语) He is delivering a speech with/full of passion, waving at me. extraordinary / ɪkˈstrɔ:dəneri / adj. 不一般的; 非凡的;意想不到的 extra (额外的，超过) + ordinary (普通的，平凡的) extracurriculum 课外的，课余的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He has a passion Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth. ②One should always be full passion in his life no matter how old he is. ③He played such great passion that no one could compare with him. ④Being good at something and it are not enough. 擅长某件事情并对它情有独钟是不够的。 for of with having a passion for 随堂演练 master n.硕士 master’s degree 硕士学位 doctor n.博士 doctorate n.博士学位 (doctor’s degree) bachelor n.学士 bachelor’s degree 学士学位 undergraduate n.本科生 postgraduate n.研究生 doctoral student n.博士生 doctorate / ˈdɒktərət / n. 博士学位 doctor’s degree 博士学位 bachelor’s degree 学士学位 master’s degree 硕士学位 in +专业 /ˈbætʃələ(r)/ gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 Over 300 years， its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. Recover from the disease is very gradually. come to power 开始掌权，上台执政 power n. 影响力；权利；能力；电力 powerful adj. 有权势的，强壮的 powered adj.电动的；由。。驱动的 wind powered 由风力驱动的 powerless adj.无权的；无能为力的 power cut/ failure 停电 within one’s power 在某人能力范围内 beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的 be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用) have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力/权力 powerful adj. 强有力的 do all/everything in one's power 尽力而为某事;竭尽全力做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am sorry, but it’s my power to make such a decision. ②This kind of animals has some (power) teeth. ③You can depend on it that it is his power. He can help you. ④She believes that she has the power (solve) the problem. ⑤Since Chairman Xi , our country has become stronger. 自习主席执政后，我们国家变得更强大了。 beyond powerful within to solve came to power 随堂演练 consequence n.结果；后果 sequence：一连串，一系列 subsequence：后来，随后 consequent adj. 随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此，结果 as a consequence=in consequence=as a result结果；因此 as a consequence of=in consequence of=as a result of作为……的结果 单句语法填空①_____________ (consequence), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.②The warming of the Earth and the ___________ (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. 【写美】　补全句子 ③_________________________________________________________, the match was cancelled.由于昨天的大雨，比赛被取消了。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He slipped and had his leg broken. a consequence, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. ②Finally, suggestions on policy were referred to (consequence) conclusions. ③The rain was heavy, and (consequent) the road was flooded. ④In today’s society, many people have got mental illness excessive pressure from life or work. 在当今社会，很多人因为生活或工作压力过大而患上了精神疾病。 As consequent consequently as a consequence of 随堂演练 institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 a mental institution 精神病院 an educational/financial institution 教育、金融机构 the institution of marriage 婚姻制度 take up a position 担任; 任职 翻译： 他担任班长一职 搭配： out of position 不在适当的位置 in position 在适当的位置 He takes up the position as the monitor. take up a position 担任；任职 1. He took up a position as an editor after graduating from the university. 他大学毕业后从事编辑工作。 2. When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language? 你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二外语的? 3. The work took up all his time. 那项工作花费了他所有的时间。 4. I couldn’t take in his story at all. 我一直也不理解他的故事。 take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等) take in 收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括 take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下；成功，成名；(突然)离开；休假 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take over 接管 写出下列句子中take up的含义/完成句子 ①After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside. ②Although basketball took up most of my free time, I didn’t neglect my study. ③Henry, it’s your turn. Please take up the story from where we left off before the coffee break. ④Peter will as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 彼得下个月底将担任这家旅行社的负责人。 ⑤Some insects the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 一些昆虫呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。 ⑥The plane will once the fog has lifted. 等雾一消散，飞机便起飞。 开始从事 占用(时间) 继续，接下去 take up his position take on take off 随堂演练 peculiarity / pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti / n. 个性; 特点; 怪异的性质 peculiar / pɪˈkjuːliə(r) / adj.奇怪的；特别的 eccentric /odd encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到 n. 邂适; 遭遇 come across/run into encounter v. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 1. Although we encountered so many problems in our work, we never gave up. 尽管我们在工作中遇到如此多的问题，但我们从未放弃。 2. I had a brief encounter with an angry client. 我和一个愤怒的客户有过短暂的接触。 3. Perhaps I shall come across my old friend in France. 也许我会在法国遇见我的老朋友。 encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难 encounter opposition/resistance 遇到反对/抵抗 a chance encounter 偶然相遇 a close encounter with... 近距离接触…… have an encounter with... 与……相遇 注：表示“偶然碰到，碰见”的短语还有:come across， run across， run into。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When I first learned to write in English, I (encounter) many challenges. ②We had a frighteningly close encounter a black bear. ③I ran John in the library after work, and we had a long conversation about Hemingway. ④When I in English learning, my teacher will explain them patiently, helping me overcome the difficulties. 当我在英语学习中遇到问题的时候，我的老师耐心地给我解答，帮助我克服困难。 encountered with across/into encounter problems 随堂演练 professor / prəˈfesə(r) / n. 教授 profession：职业 professional：专业的 His profession is a professional professor. mourn / mɔːn / vt.＆.vi. 哀悼; 忧伤 mourn sb. 向某人致哀 mourn for… 哀悼…；为…而忧伤 mourner n. 哀悼者 mournful adj.哀痛的，令人伤心的; 悲伤的 mournfully adv.悲哀地，凄惨地 remarkable / rɪˈmɑːkəbl / adv. 非凡的;显著的 同义词：outstanding，extraordinary remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 1. Beijing, the capital of China, is remarkable for its long magnificent history. 北京是中国的首都，因其悠久而辉煌的历史而著称。 2. It is remarkable that women did not have the vote until that time. 妇女直到那个时候才有选举权，这很令人惊讶。 3. He made a number of rude remarks about the food here. 关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。 4. A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law. 一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。 be remarkable for 以……著称 remarkably adv. 非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地 remark n.谈论；言论；评述 v. 谈论；评论；说起 make a remark/remarks on/upon... 对……发表意见 remark on/upon... 谈论/评论…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Since then, we have made (remark) progress in maths. ②These markets have much in common, but each is also (remarkable) different. ③The editor (remark) that the article was well written. ④Don’t make rude remarks her appearance. ⑤As long as you work hard, you’ll see a during the next term. 只要你努力学习，下学期你将看到你的显著进步。 remarkable remarkably remarked on/upon remarkable improvement 随堂演练 device / dɪˈvaɪs / n. 方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器 电子设备_____________ 医疗设备_____________ 修辞手法______________ electronic devices medical devices rhetorical devices sum / sʌm / v. 总结; 概括 n.金额; 款项; 总数; 总和 【练透】　写出下列句中sum的含义①You will be fined the sum of ￡200. ____________ ②The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. ______ ③This is the sum of my achievements so far. summary n. 总结 summarize v. 总结 sum up 总结；概括 to sum up 总之；概括地说 a sum of 许多；大量 a big/large sum of money the sum of……. 的数目/总和 总而言之： To sum up、In conclusion、In short、In a word 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Let me sum the last lesson. After that we’ll take up a new lesson. ②Please write me a (sum) of this report. ③ (sum) up, there are three main ways of settling the problem. ④Many members spoke at the meeting, and finally the chairman the discussion. 许多成员在会议上发了言，最后主席总结了这次讨论。 up summary To sum summed up 随堂演练 draft / drɑːft / n. 草稿; 草案 vt. 起草; 草拟 the first/final draft of my speech我演讲的初稿/定稿 draft one’s speech起草某人的演讲稿 draft paper：草稿纸 draft a document 起草文件 consequent As a consequence of/In consequence of the heavy rain yesterday Consequently 款项；金额 总和 总数 $$