专题-S634 选修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 语法填空【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修三)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S634语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Global warming is pushing the number of polar bears to 1 (it) limit. According to a new study, they could have fewer than 100 years left before 2 (extinct). Polar bears live 3 hunting seals in the Arctic Ocean, but as ice melts in that region, their habitat continues to shrink. Amounts measured at the end of the 1970s show sea ice that lasts for more than a year in the Arctic has decreased at a rate of 13% per decade. Studies show that 4 (decline) sea ice will lead to a reduction in polar bears. They will be unable to bear the effects of climate change over the next several decades. The scientists believe polar bears will be 5 (thorough) wiped out by 2100. “What we’ve shown 6 (be) that, first, we’ll lose the survival of bear cubs (幼熊). Although cubs will be born, the female bears won’t have enough body fat to produce milk 7 (bring) them along through the ice-free season,” said Dr. Steven Amstrup, chief scientist of Polar Bears International, to the BBC． The study estimates that, even in a situation 8 countries achieve a moderate (适度的) reduction in greenhouse gases, several 9 (population) of polar bears will disappear. But Amstrup said, “We can make 10 difference if we have an urge to keep climate change little.” Passage 2 （23-24高二下·云南·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hunters used dogs to help track and kill pandas in China until the country declared 1 law to protect the species. But dogs are still threatening the safety of this species. Researchers 2 (begin) their investigation when two captive-born(圈养出生的) pandas, which had been released into Liziping Nature Reserve, were attacked by dogs. There are dogs in panda reserves because there are villagers 3 (live) near the reserves and people have dogs. An adult panda is quite able to defend 4 (it) against one dog. However, 5 is hard to beat a pack of dogs. In the study 6 (publish) in Scientific Reports, the researchers found dogs can wander more than 10 kilometers a night, some of 7 even live in the reserves. Earlier research found that pandas need a habitat of 8 (rough) 114 square kilometers to thrive (茁壮成长). Although most of the nature reserves for the pandas are large enough 9 (maintain) their populations, the panda’s territory could become smaller if dogs become part of it. “The Chinese government has vaccinated(给……接种疫苗) the dogs and helped the villagers either remove the dogs or control them all the time. So things are getting much 10 (good),” James Spotila said. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽合肥·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (创编题) Someday, if future forms of intelligent life look for evidence of human 1 (exist) in the 20th and 21st centuries, they should have an easy time finding us in the geologic record. Just look for the plastic.       Between 1950 and. 2021, humanity produced about 11 billion metric tons of virgin plastic, 2 is the weight of 110, 000 U. S. aircraft carriers. Plastic waste 3 (threat) ecosystem health, biodiversity and efforts to address climate change, and it is also 4 health concern and environmental- justice issue. Some people might be surprised that 5 (ban) single- use items wouldn’t be the most effective solution, though these plastics make 6 a large share of the plastic waste in rivers and oceans. Policy bans, 7 (benefit) as they would be, would not move the needle as much as other measures. And it is essential to move the needle. The United States, which produces more plastic compared with any other country, has a responsibility to lead the world 8 the right direction. Facing up to the powerful fossil fuel industry won’t be easy, 9 this is an extraordinary opportunity. We know that if we do nothing, we’ll bury 10 (us) under mountains of plastic. But if we try, we can rewrite the geologic record of our planet. We can end plastic pollution on Earth. Passage 4 （23-24高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and 1 (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites 2 World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity. Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, 3 increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, 4 (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it 5 (take) measures to change the current situation. In 2017, the park made history with its 6 (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts 7 (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. 8 (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy 9 aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities 10 (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·云南曲靖·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lyu Haowei, a sanitation (环境卫生) worker, braves the bad weather at Yulong Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China, to clean the area at 1 altitude of 4,500 meters. With a safety rope, clamp, and trash bag, he and his team access hard-to-reach spots to collect waste 2 (leave) by tourists. Despite the thin air and rain, they focus on the glaciers (冰川) and cliffs when collecting abandoned items. Yulong Snow Mountain, a 415-square-kilometer area with a peak at 5,596 meters, 3 (see) a significant increase in visitors since the 2000s. Recognized as a national scenic spot in1988 and a 5A-level area in 2007, it now has a 4 (day) visitor limit of 10,000 to manage the surge (蜂拥) in tourism. The mountain’s popularity has led to an increase in trash, with workers 5 (fill) nearly 200 bags during peak travel times. Their day begins at 5:30 a.m. in 6 (prepare) for welcoming the first wave of visitors eager to see the sunrise, and 7 (end) at 7:30 p.m. when they go down the mountain, after a laborious shift. He Dejun, another sanitation worker, and his team are responsible 8 maintaining walkways and platforms, and transporting the collected trash down the mountain. Now in their 9 (eight) year at the scenic spot, Lyu and He are pleased to see an increase in environmental awareness among tourists, 10 leads to less littering. 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·河北邯郸·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 4,2023, U. N. member countries agreed on a treaty (协定) that will protect marine life in the high seas. These are ocean waters outside of all national 1 (boundary). The treaty will protect 30% of the oceans in the world — nearly half of the planet’s surface. More money will go toward conservation of 2 (that) areas. “The treaty is a ‘historic and overwhelming success for international marine protection’,” a German leader says, 3 is Federal Minister for the Environment. “ 4 the first time, we are getting a binding agreement for the high seas, which until now have hardly been protected.” For years, the high seas 5 (suffer) because of commercial fishing and mining. Chemicals and plastics pollute the water. All of these are 6 (harm) to dolphins, whales, and the many fish species that migrate through the high seas. The treaty is intended 7 (protect)  marine animals, as well 8 coastal biodiversity and the economies that depend on it. Biologist Malin Pinsky supports the U.N. agreement, 9 (praise) its potential to protect marine life. “The ocean is not a limitless resource,” he says, “and it requires global cooperation to use the ocean 10 (sustainable).” Passage 7 （23-24高二下·江西南昌·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, 1 town in Australia’s Northern Territory. We’re here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small, 2 its influence is still visible. For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word 3 (mean) “water breaking over rocks”. To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, 4 celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical 5 (instrument) are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument 6 (call) the didgeridoo. The didgeridoo is made from a hollow tree branch. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. 7 a horn, there are no finger holes. The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping 8 (breathe). He does this by 9 (continual) breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I 10 (convince) that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature. Rooftop farming, also 3 (refer) to as vertical (垂直的) agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental protection. Green roofs help to absorb sunlight and release moisture (水分), cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 4 in turn lessens energy 5 (consume). Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 6 (teach) citizens about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally sourced food. As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming encourages community engagement 7 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 8 future where environmental awareness and sustainable practices become 9 (increasing) vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament (证明) to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 10 (green) and more resilient world. Passage 9 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, Tanghu Lake in Wuhan, has become a new breeding (繁殖的) ground for jacana, a rare water bird, 1 (follow) local government efforts to improve the eco logy of ponds and lakes in the city. “Ten years ago, jacanas were 2 (hard) seen in Wuhan. With the deepening of ecological environment protection in recent years, the number of places 3 they can be observed in Wuhan is increasing,” said YanJun, president of the Wuhan Bird-Watching Association. The birds fly to Wuhan in May and 4 (they) breeding period is from June to August. After the baby birds learn 5 (fly) in September they move south. However, the return of the bird, which is 6 second-class national protection, has presented a challenge this year. As part of efforts to keep the lakes clean, water plants 7 (remove) from the lakes every year. The annual clearance is a necessity as too many plants on the water’s surface can block sunlight 8 (need) by underwater microorganisms and lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem. However, some of the plants due to be removed this year contain jacana 9 (nest) as the breeding season falls at the same time as the annual clearance of the water plants. The bird-watching association has reported 10 situation to the Wuhan Forestry and Parks Bureau. Passage 10 （23-24高二下·湖北·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter. After all, if it is so small, it cannot possibly be that 1 (harm), can it? Nowadays, the answer is certainly “Yes, it can!” With the growing use of plastic bags and the 2 (rise) number of smokers, there is more litter being produced now than ever before. Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. These find their way into the water supply 3 they affect water quality and endanger plants and animals. Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down, and the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount with so many cigarette butts 4 (litter). So, if people want to smoke they should dispose 5 the butts properly in a rubbish bin. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment. They are easily blown by wind and float in water, so they can travel long 6 (distance). We should not let plastic bags become litter. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle 7 (many) that we have already used. One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them. Shops used to give plastic bags for free. But in some countries. including China, customers 8 (charge) for each bag. Some shops also have 9 “bag-for-life” scheme. They sell stronger bags that can be reused, and they replace them for free if the bags ever break. Waste is a big problem for the environment-so we need to do something. Not littering at all or cleaning up “small waste” 10 (save) money spent on throwing litter properly. However, it would be better not to smoke or use plastic bags at all. 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·陕西西安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Previously 1 (affect) by coal mining, Shizuishan in the Ningxi a Hui Autonomous Region is changing 2 (it) into a leader of industrial revolution with cutting-edge green technologies. A new energy technology company in Ningxia is one of the companies at the cutting edge of these revolutions. At the company’s gas processing plant in Pingluo County, large 3 (amount) of industrial waste gas 4 (contain) carbon monoxide are being treated and changed into value-added products such as fuel and animal feed. This modern technology is not only money-making, but also good for the environment. The city produces some industrial waste gas 5 (annual). In the past, the gas 6 (use) as hot energy, which put pressure on the environment. Nowadays, the waste gas is sent to the company’s new energy technology’s processing plant via a network of pipelines. The plant processes much gas every year, 7 reduces plenty of carbon dioxide emissions. The processing method owes a lot to the latest advances in biological technology, which have played 8 important role in the green transformation of Shizuishan’s industries. The ethanol (乙醇) fuel can be added to gas 9 (help) reduce vehicle waste emissions. It can also act as a chemical raw material and be made into green products 10 aircraft fuel, packaging material and clothing. In 2023, the company’s industrial output value was 220 million yuan. Passage 12 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The Palace Museum is becoming waste-free as the 720,000-square-meter structure has managed 1 (reduce) the number of rubbish bins to 110 sets in areas open to the public. This is a decrease from 310 sets 2 (record) in January 2020, when a zero-waste campaign 3 (launch), said the museum. While protecting features of the six-century-old historical relic, the action also helps visitors and tourists get into 4 habit of creating less waste. Up to now, four types of rubbish bins have been equipped following Beijing’s regulations on the management of household waste. Cleaning staff also check them to make sure all rubbish is 5 (correct) sorted, which is later transported to different destinations for disposal (处理). The museum also recycled more than 32,000 plastic 6 (bottle) to make cultural and creative products between June 2021 and October 2023, 7 (mean) a reduction in carbon emission by 931 kilograms. By launching the campaign, the Palace Museum is taking a careful, science-based way to waste management. The target is to minimize the production of waste 8 needs to be buried or burned and bring the amount of such waste as close 9 zero as possible. So far, about 3,000 museum staff members, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors 10 (participate) in the campaign. Passage 13 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s National Ecology Day promotes the belief 1 “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, reflecting the country’s devotion to ecological progress. This concept has evolved into a common belief 2 Chinese citizens, driving green, circular(循环), and low-carbon development across regions and authorities. To achieve this, China is implementing(执行) a 3 (comprehend) conservation strategy, 4 (accelerate) energy conservation, carbon reduction, waste recycling and promoting high-quality, green development. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is leading 5 planning and development of a new energy system, along with policies for green economic growth and resource allocation. China has also taken a leading role in global environmental governance, promising to peak carbon emissions by 2030 6 achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The positive impact of these efforts is evident in places like Zhuangshang Village, 7 foreigners like Mehraz Karami from Iran are drawn to the clean environment. China’s success in green growth 8 (gain) international recognition, serving as a model for other countries, including Kazakhstan. Erik Solheim, former head of the United Nations Environment Programme, 9 (praise) China’s transformation from a polluting economy to a global leader in green development, and China’s constant 10 (commit) to sustainability inspires others to follow suit. Passage 14 （23-24高二下·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of 1 jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides 2 ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers 3 (hang) about,” Yang said. Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope 4 climate change. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine 5 (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), 6 (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being 7 (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting 8 (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world. “Through a series of ecological protection actions, China 9 (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to 10 (build) a community of all life on Earth,” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University. Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in 1 scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole. The hole has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans 2 it moves further south. 3 it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks. Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex (极地漩涡), and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine (氯) in the atmosphere - from human activities-caused the hole 4 (form) . It is now too early to say 5 the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability. Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, 6 (slow) the destruction of ozone. 7 a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-destroying chemicals 8 (reduce) dramatically, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol (蒙特利尔协议) , but some sources appear still to be functioning. New sources of ozone-destroying chemicals were not a factor in the hole 9 (observe) in the Arctic, said Peuch. “However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoiding a situation 10 the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.” 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S634语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Global warming is pushing the number of polar bears to 1 (it) limit. According to a new study, they could have fewer than 100 years left before 2 (extinct). Polar bears live 3 hunting seals in the Arctic Ocean, but as ice melts in that region, their habitat continues to shrink. Amounts measured at the end of the 1970s show sea ice that lasts for more than a year in the Arctic has decreased at a rate of 13% per decade. Studies show that 4 (decline) sea ice will lead to a reduction in polar bears. They will be unable to bear the effects of climate change over the next several decades. The scientists believe polar bears will be 5 (thorough) wiped out by 2100. “What we’ve shown 6 (be) that, first, we’ll lose the survival of bear cubs (幼熊). Although cubs will be born, the female bears won’t have enough body fat to produce milk 7 (bring) them along through the ice-free season,” said Dr. Steven Amstrup, chief scientist of Polar Bears International, to the BBC． The study estimates that, even in a situation 8 countries achieve a moderate (适度的) reduction in greenhouse gases, several 9 (population) of polar bears will disappear. But Amstrup said, “We can make 10 difference if we have an urge to keep climate change little.” 【答案】 1．its 2．extinction 3．by 4．declining 5．thoroughly 6．is 7．to bring 8．where 9．populations 10．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球变暖正在将北极熊的数量推向极限，根据一项新的研究，它们可能只剩下不到100年的时间就会灭绝。文章介绍了北极熊的生活习性以及全球变暖对它们造成的影响。 1．考查代词。句意：全球变暖正在将北极熊的数量推向极限。修饰名词limit应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 2．考查名词。句意：根据一项新的研究，它们可能只剩下不到100年的时间就会灭绝。空处可使用名词extinction“灭绝”在句中作宾语，不可数。故填extinction。 3．考查介词。句意：北极熊在北冰洋以捕猎海豹为生，但随着该地区越来越多的冰融化，它们的栖息地继续缩小。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语live by，意为“以……为生”。故填by。 4．考查形容词。句意：研究表明，海冰的减少将导致北极熊的减少。空处可使用形容词declining“越来越少的”在句中作定语修饰名词sea ice。故填declining。 5．考查副词。句意：科学家们认为，到2100年，北极熊将彻底灭绝。空处可使用副词thoroughly“完全地；彻底地”在句中作状语修饰wiped out。故填thoroughly。 6．考查主谓一致。句意：首先，我们所展示的是，我们将失去存活的北极熊幼崽。空前是what引导的主语从句，谓语应使用单数形式，且该句陈述一般事实，因此需使用一般现在时的单数形式。故填is。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然幼崽会出生，但母熊没有足够的身体脂肪来产奶，让它们度过无冰季节。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to bring。 8．考查定语从句。句意：该研究估计，即使在各国实现温室气体适度减少的情况下，一些北极熊种群也将消失。定语从句修饰先行词situation，表示抽象的地点，先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 9．考查名词复数。句意：该研究估计，即使在各国实现温室气体适度减少的情况下，一些北极熊种群也将消失。several后接可数名词复数形式。故填populations。 10．考查固定短语。句意：如果我们有保持气候变化不大的强烈要求，我们就能产生影响。，此处是固定短语make a difference，意为“产生影响”。故填a。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·云南·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hunters used dogs to help track and kill pandas in China until the country declared 1 law to protect the species. But dogs are still threatening the safety of this species. Researchers 2 (begin) their investigation when two captive-born(圈养出生的) pandas, which had been released into Liziping Nature Reserve, were attacked by dogs. There are dogs in panda reserves because there are villagers 3 (live) near the reserves and people have dogs. An adult panda is quite able to defend 4 (it) against one dog. However, 5 is hard to beat a pack of dogs. In the study 6 (publish) in Scientific Reports, the researchers found dogs can wander more than 10 kilometers a night, some of 7 even live in the reserves. Earlier research found that pandas need a habitat of 8 (rough) 114 square kilometers to thrive (茁壮成长). Although most of the nature reserves for the pandas are large enough 9 (maintain) their populations, the panda’s territory could become smaller if dogs become part of it. “The Chinese government has vaccinated(给……接种疫苗) the dogs and helped the villagers either remove the dogs or control them all the time. So things are getting much 10 (good),” James Spotila said. 【答案】 1. a 2. began 3. living 4. itself 5. it 6. published 7. which 8. roughly 9. to maintain 10. better 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了狗对于熊猫的威胁，狗会攻击熊猫。虽然大多数为大熊猫建立的自然保护区都足够大，足以维持它们的数量，但如果狗成为其中的一部分，熊猫的领土可能会变小。因此，中国政府已经制定了一项广泛的计划，为狗接种疫苗，并帮助村民清除狗或一直控制它们，使得熊猫的境遇有所改善。 1. 考查冠词。句意：在中国，猎人用狗来帮助追踪和杀死大熊猫，直到中国颁布了一项保护大熊猫的法律。泛指“一项法律”，用冠词修饰，且law首字母的发音为辅音因素。故填a。 2. 考查时态。句意：研究人员开始调查时，两只圈养出生的大熊猫被狗袭击，这两只大熊猫被放归李子坪自然保护区。陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填began。 3. 考查非谓语。句意：熊猫保护区里有狗，因为有村民住在保护区附近，人们养狗。空处为非谓语动词，villagers与live为主动关系，用现在分词作定语 。故填living。 4. 考查反身代词。句意：一只成年熊猫完全有能力保护自己不受一只狗的伤害。分析可知，所填应是动词“defend”的宾语，与主语“An adult panda”一致，因此应用反身代词。故填itself。 5. 考查代词。句意：然而，它很难打败一群狗。it+be+形容词+to do sth，为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。故填it。 6. 考查非谓语。句意：在发表在《科学报告》上的这项研究中，研究人员发现狗每晚可以游荡超过10公里，其中一些甚至生活在保护区。study与publishing为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。 故填published。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：在发表在《科学报告》上的这项研究中，研究人员发现狗每晚可以游荡超过10公里，其中一些甚至生活在保护区。先行词为dogs，做非限制性定语从句中of的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。 8. 考查副词。句意：早期的研究发现，熊猫需要大约114平方公里的栖息地才能茁壮成长。副词roughly作状语修饰下文的数字。故填roughly。 9. 考查不定式。句意：虽然大多数熊猫的自然保护区都足够大，足以维持它们的数量，但如果狗成为其中的一部分，熊猫的领地可能会变小。be enough to do sth为固定短语。故填to maintain。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：“所以情况正在好转，”研究报告的合著者詹姆斯·斯波蒂拉说。分析可知，“are getting”此处意为“正变得”，之后接形容词作表语，且根据空前“much”可知，应是比较级。故填better。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽合肥·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (创编题) Someday, if future forms of intelligent life look for evidence of human 1 (exist) in the 20th and 21st centuries, they should have an easy time finding us in the geologic record. Just look for the plastic.       Between 1950 and. 2021, humanity produced about 11 billion metric tons of virgin plastic, 2 is the weight of 110, 000 U. S. aircraft carriers. Plastic waste 3 (threat) ecosystem health, biodiversity and efforts to address climate change, and it is also 4 health concern and environmental- justice issue. Some people might be surprised that 5 (ban) single- use items wouldn’t be the most effective solution, though these plastics make 6 a large share of the plastic waste in rivers and oceans. Policy bans, 7 (benefit) as they would be, would not move the needle as much as other measures. And it is essential to move the needle. The United States, which produces more plastic compared with any other country, has a responsibility to lead the world 8 the right direction. Facing up to the powerful fossil fuel industry won’t be easy, 9 this is an extraordinary opportunity. We know that if we do nothing, we’ll bury 10 (us) under mountains of plastic. But if we try, we can rewrite the geologic record of our planet. We can end plastic pollution on Earth. 【答案】 1. existence 1. which 2. threats 3. a 4. banning 5. up 6. beneficial 7. in 8. but 9. ourselves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料垃圾的危害及解决办法。 10. 考查名词。句意：有一天，如果未来的智慧生命在20世纪和21世纪寻找人类存在的证据，他们应该很容易在地质记录中找到我们。设空处应为名词的形式作介词of 的宾语，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填existence。 2. 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：从1950年到。2021年，人类生产了大约110亿吨原生塑料，相当于11万艘美国航空母舰的重量。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为plastic，故填which。 3. 考查谓语动词。句意：塑料垃圾威胁着生态系统健康、生物多样性和应对气候变化的努力，也是一个健康问题和环境正义问题。设空处为句子的谓语，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为plastic waste，结合主谓一致。故填threats。 4. 考查冠词。句意见上题。设空处后为名词单数concern，表示泛指，设空处应为不定冠词，空后health为辅音音素开头，故填a。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人可能会感到惊讶，禁止使用一次性物品不是最有效的解决方案，尽管这些塑料在河流和海洋中的塑料废物中占据了很大一部分。设空处为that引导的宾语从句的主语，应用动词名词的形式，故填banning。 6. 考查副词。句意见上题。固定短语make up构成。故填up。 7. 考查形容词。句意：政策禁令虽然会带来好处，但不会像其他措施那样起作用。这是至关重要的。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为让步状语从句的倒装句，结构为：adj.+ as+主语+谓语，设空处应为形容词的形式，故填beneficial。 8. 考查介词。句意：与其他任何国家相比，美国生产的塑料更多，它有责任引领世界朝着正确的方向发展。固定短语in the direction朝某个方向。故填in。 9. 考查连词。句意：面对强大的化石燃料工业并不容易，但这是一个非凡的机会。设空处前后为转折关系，应用but。故填but。 10. 考查代词。句意：我们知道，如果我们什么都不做，我们就会把自己埋在堆积如山的塑料下面。设空处指本句的we，表示我们自己，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and 1 (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites 2 World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity. Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, 3 increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, 4 (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it 5 (take) measures to change the current situation. In 2017, the park made history with its 6 (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts 7 (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. 8 (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy 9 aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities 10 (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape. 【答案】 1. to preserve 2. as 3. an 4. coupled 5. would take 6. removal 7. had been devoted 8. Effective 9. whose 10. hugely 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚的塞米恩国家公园曾面临威胁，在政府和民众的共同努力下，该公园得到了很好的保护，最终被移出《濒危世界遗产名录》。 1. 考查不定式。句意：联合国教科文组织认识到它们的非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址列为也界遗产。根据句意可知，空处表示目的，应用不定式表目的，故填to preserve。 2. 考查介词。句意：联合国教科文组织认识到它们的非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产。联合国教科文组织将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产，“将……列为”是classify…as…，空处是介词as，故填as。 3. 考查冠词。句意：1996年，当它被列入世界濒危遗产名录时，多年来公园周围的人类住区数量不断增加，加上不可持续的耕作方式和过度放牧，使所有重要的野生动物栖息地的状况恶化。根据语境可知，此处表示“越来越多的人类定居点”，an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，因此空格处是不定冠词an，故填an。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1996年，当它被列入世界濒危遗产名录时，多年来公园周围的人类住区数量不断增加，加上不可持续的耕作方式和过度放牧，使所有重要的野生动物栖息地的状况恶化。句中已有谓语had worsened，空处应为非谓语动词，increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years与couple之间为逻辑动宾关系，空处应为过去分词表示被动，故填coupled。 5. 考查过去将来时。句意：幸运的是，埃塞俄比亚当局在2000年宣布将采取措施改变目前的状况。主句是一般过去时，从句动作未发生，空处应为过去将来时，故填would take。 6. 考查名词。句意：然而，在2017年，该公园从名单上删除，创造了历史，这是埃塞俄比亚政府取得的一项重大而非凡的成就。its后跟名词，remove的名词是removal，意为“移走，去掉”，是不可数名词，故填removal。 7. 考查时态和被动语态。句意：到那时为止，已经为实现这一目标作出了各种努力。be devoted to doing是固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，由By then可知，句子表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had been devoted。故填had been devoted。 8. 考查形容词。句意：有效的社区驱动的保护策略有助于防止进一步的生态损失。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰“community-driven conservation strategies”，句子表示“有效的社区驱动的保护策略有助于防止进一步的生态损失”，空格处意为“有效的”，形容词是effective，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Effective。 9. 考查定语从句，句意：当局已经制定了一项放牧策略，其目的是大大减少公园的放牧压力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，strategy和aim之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 10. 考查副词。句意：此外，通过旅游业的替代生计极大地帮助了社区在景观方面发展保护型经济。空格处用副词修饰动词assist，故填hugely。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·云南曲靖·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lyu Haowei, a sanitation (环境卫生) worker, braves the bad weather at Yulong Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China, to clean the area at 1 altitude of 4,500 meters. With a safety rope, clamp, and trash bag, he and his team access hard-to-reach spots to collect waste 2 (leave) by tourists. Despite the thin air and rain, they focus on the glaciers (冰川) and cliffs when collecting abandoned items. Yulong Snow Mountain, a 415-square-kilometer area with a peak at 5,596 meters, 3 (see) a significant increase in visitors since the 2000s. Recognized as a national scenic spot in1988 and a 5A-level area in 2007, it now has a 4 (day) visitor limit of 10,000 to manage the surge (蜂拥) in tourism. The mountain’s popularity has led to an increase in trash, with workers 5 (fill) nearly 200 bags during peak travel times. Their day begins at 5:30 a.m. in 6 (prepare) for welcoming the first wave of visitors eager to see the sunrise, and 7 (end) at 7:30 p.m. when they go down the mountain, after a laborious shift. He Dejun, another sanitation worker, and his team are responsible 8 maintaining walkways and platforms, and transporting the collected trash down the mountain. Now in their 9 (eight) year at the scenic spot, Lyu and He are pleased to see an increase in environmental awareness among tourists, 10 leads to less littering. 【答案】 1. an 1. left 2. has seen 3. daily 4. filling 5. preparation 6. ends 7. for 8. eighth 9. which 【导语】本文的体裁为新闻报道。文章主要报道了在中国云南省玉龙雪山，环卫工人们冒着恶劣天气进行清洁工作的情况，以及该景区游客数量增加所带来的环境问题和应对措施。 10. 考查冠词。句意：在中国云南省的玉龙雪山，环卫工人吕皓葳冒着恶劣的天气，在海拔4500米的地方清理该地区。此处泛指“海拔4500米的地方”，且altitude 以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。at an altitude of“在……的高度”。故填an。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他和他的团队用安全绳、夹子和垃圾袋，到达难以到达的地方收集游客留下的垃圾。本句谓语为access，此处为非谓语动词，leave“留下”与逻辑主语waste构成被动关系，故用过去分词，作定语。故填left。 3. 考查时态。句意：自2000年代以来，玉龙雪山游客数量显著增加，该山面积为415平方公里，海拔5596米。see“看见”。根据时间状语since the 2000s可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为Yulong Snow Mountain，助动词用has。故填has seen。 4. 考查词形容词。句意：1988年被认定为国家风景名胜区，2007年被认定为5A级景区，现在每天的游客数量限制在1万人以内，以应对激增的旅游业。修饰名词短语visitor limit应用形容词daily，表示“每日的”，作定语。故填daily。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座山的名气导致了垃圾的增加，在旅游高峰期，工人们几乎要装满200个袋子。本句用with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，fill“装满”与逻辑主语workers构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作宾补。故填filling。 6. 考查名词。句意：他们的一天从早上5:30开始，准备迎接第一波渴望看日出的游客，然后在晚上7:30结束，这时他们下山，结束了一天辛苦的工作。结合句意表示“为……做准备”，用固定搭配in preparation for，名词preparation“准备”，作介词in的宾语。故填preparation。 7. 考查动词时态。句意同上。end“结束”。结合begins可知，本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，本空与begins并列，为句子谓语，且主语为Their day，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填ends。 8. 考查介词。句意：另一位环卫工人和德军和他的团队负责维护人行道和平台，并将收集的垃圾运下山。be responsible for为固定短语，表示“对……负责”。故填for。 9. 考查序数词。句意：现在，在景区工作的第八年，吕和和很高兴地看到游客的环保意识有所提高，这导致乱扔垃圾的现象减少了。表示“第八年”应用序数词eighth。故填eighth。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是an increase in environmental awareness among tourists，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·河北邯郸·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 4,2023, U. N. member countries agreed on a treaty (协定) that will protect marine life in the high seas. These are ocean waters outside of all national 1 (boundary). The treaty will protect 30% of the oceans in the world — nearly half of the planet’s surface. More money will go toward conservation of 2 (that) areas. “The treaty is a ‘historic and overwhelming success for international marine protection’,” a German leader says, 3 is Federal Minister for the Environment. “ 4 the first time, we are getting a binding agreement for the high seas, which until now have hardly been protected.” For years, the high seas 5 (suffer) because of commercial fishing and mining. Chemicals and plastics pollute the water. All of these are 6 (harm) to dolphins, whales, and the many fish species that migrate through the high seas. The treaty is intended 7 (protect)  marine animals, as well 8 coastal biodiversity and the economies that depend on it. Biologist Malin Pinsky supports the U.N. agreement, 9 (praise) its potential to protect marine life. “The ocean is not a limitless resource,” he says, “and it requires global cooperation to use the ocean 10 (sustainable).” 【答案】 1. boundaries 1. those 2. who 3. For 4. have suffered/have been suffering 5. harmful 6. to protect 7. as 8. praising 9. sustainably 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章文章主要报道2023年3月4日，联合国成员国就保护公海海洋生物多样性协定达成一致。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：这些是所有国家边界之外的海水。boundary是可数名词，由“all”可知，应用名词复数形式，作宾语，故填boundaries。 2. 考查代词。句意：更多的资金将用于保护这些地区。空后的areas是名词复数，应用those修饰，故填those。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：“该条约是‘国际海洋保护的历史性和压倒性的成功’，”一位德国领导人说，他同时也是联邦环境部长。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是leader，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。 4. 考查介词。句意：我们第一次就公海达成了一项有约束力的协议，到目前为止，公海几乎没有受到保护。for the first time“第一次”，固定短语，首字母应大写，故填For。 5. 考查时态。句意：多年来，由于商业捕鱼和采矿，公海受到了损害。根据“For years”可知，句子使用现在完成时，也可使用现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，主语the high seas表示复数意义，助动词使用have，故填have suffered/have been suffering。 6. 考查形容词。句意：所有这些都对海豚、鲸鱼和许多在公海迁徙的鱼类有害。空处应填形容词作表语，be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该条约旨在保护海洋动物、沿海生物多样性及其赖以生存的经济。be intended to do sth“打算做某事”，故填to protect。 8. 考查固定短语。句意：同上。as well as“以及”，固定短语，故填as。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：生物学家Malin Pinsky支持联合国协议，称赞其保护海洋生物的潜力。动词praise和逻辑主语Malin Pinsky之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语，故填praising。 10. 考查副词。句意：“海洋不是无限的资源，”他说，“它需要全球合作来可持续地利用海洋。”空处修饰动词use，应用副词sustainably“可持续地”，作状语，故填sustainably。 Passage 7 （23-24高二下·江西南昌·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, 1 town in Australia’s Northern Territory. We’re here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small, 2 its influence is still visible. For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word 3 (mean) “water breaking over rocks”. To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, 4 celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical 5 (instrument) are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument 6 (call) the didgeridoo. The didgeridoo is made from a hollow tree branch. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. 7 a horn, there are no finger holes. The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping 8 (breathe). He does this by 9 (continual) breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I 10 (convince) that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! 【答案】 1. a 1. but 2. meaning 3. which 4. instruments 5. called 6. Unlike 7. to breathe 8. continually 9. was convinced 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚土著居民的生活和习俗，特别是他们的乐器迪吉里杜管。 10. 考查冠词。句意：我和朋友来到了凯瑟琳，澳大利亚北领地的一个小镇。名词town是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，作同位语。town以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2. 考查连词。句意：土著人口可能很少，但其影响仍然可见。后文和前文是转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，“邦迪海滩”中的“邦迪”是一个土著词，意思是“水流过岩石”。句子谓语动词是is，此处为非谓语动词，动词mean和前文名词word之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作后置定语。故填meaning。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：这也表现在他们的音乐中，歌颂他们周围的自然世界和精神世界。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为music，指代事物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：他们的乐器大多是在地上捡来的棍子，其中有一种神奇的乐器叫迪吉里杜管。根据前文Most of和后文are可知，此处应用名词复数构成短语作主语。故填instruments。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，动词call和前文名词instrument之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 7. 考查介词。句意：不像号角，它没有指孔。根据句意可知，此处应用介词unlike构成介词短语，表示“不像号角那样”。故填Unlike。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个熟练的演奏者可以不间断地演奏很长时间。根据句意可知，stopping后应用不定式构成stop to do结构，表示“停下（演奏）去呼吸”。故填to breathe。 9. 考查副词。句意：他通过不断地用鼻子吸气，同时用嘴呼出，然后呼进迪吉里杜管来做到这一点。修饰动词breathing应用副词。故填continually。 10. 考查时态和语态。句意：我试着学习如何演奏它，但在尝试了几个小时后，我确信我永远无法用这种乐器发出音乐的声音！动词convince“使相信”和主语之间是被动关系，构成短语be convinced that，根据前文tried可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主语是I，be动词用was，故填was convinced。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature. Rooftop farming, also 3 (refer) to as vertical (垂直的) agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental protection. Green roofs help to absorb sunlight and release moisture (水分), cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 4 in turn lessens energy 5 (consume). Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 6 (teach) citizens about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally sourced food. As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming encourages community engagement 7 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 8 future where environmental awareness and sustainable practices become 9 (increasing) vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament (证明) to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 10 (green) and more resilient world. 【答案】 1. to 2. are planted 3. referred 4. which 5. consumption 6. teaching 7. and 8. a 9. increasingly 10. greener 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在快速发展的城市化时代，屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间挑战的可持续对策。这种创新的做法将屋项变成了迷你农场，在那里种植蔬菜、水果，甚至鲜花，为当地居民提供新鲜的农产品，并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。 1. 考查介词。句意：在快速发展的城市化时代，屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间挑战的可持续对策。短语a response to表示“对……的回应”，固定搭配。故填to。 2. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这种创新的做法将屋顶变成了迷你农场，在那里种植蔬菜、水果，甚至鲜花，为当地居民提供新鲜的农产品，并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。 从句主语vegetables, fruits, and even flowers与plant之间为被动关系，且此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are planted。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：屋顶农业，也被称为垂直农业，不仅仅是一种趋势；它是迈向环境保护的一步。空处应填非谓语动词，refer与Rootop farming之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作定语。故填referred。 4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收光和释放水分，冷却空气，减少对空调的需求，从而减少能源消耗和碳排放。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文整句话的内容，从句缺少作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5. 考查名词。句意：有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光和释放水分，冷却空气，减少对空调的需求，从而减少能源消耗和碳排放。由句意及空前的lessens energy可知此处应填不可数名词consumption，作宾语。故填consumption。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，屋顶农场作为教育平台，向市民传授可持续农业实践和本地采购食品的重要性。句子谓语动词是serve，空处应填非谓语动词，rooftop farms与teach为主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动，作状语。故填teaching。 7. 考查并列连词。句意：随着城市人口的不断增长，屋顶农业鼓励社区参与，并通过提供新鲜有机农产品来促进更健康的生活方式。由句意，空前的encourages community engagement与空后的promotes healthier lifestyles为两个并列谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。 8. 考查冠词。句意：当我们展望一个环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时，屋顶农业证明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还种植了一个更绿色、更有弹性的世界的希望。此处表示“一个未来”， 应用不定冠词，表示泛指，future的首字母发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 考查副词。句意：当我们展望一个环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时，屋顶农业证明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还种植了一个更绿色、更有弹性的世界的希望。由句意此处应填副词形式increasingly，作状语，修饰形容词vital。故填increasingly。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：当我们展望一个环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时，屋顶农业证明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还种植了一个更绿色、更有弹性的世界的希望。由后文的“and more resilient”可知空格处应用形容词比较级greener，与more resilient并列，作定语，修饰名词world。故填greener。 Passage 9 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, Tanghu Lake in Wuhan, has become a new breeding (繁殖的) ground for jacana, a rare water bird, 1 (follow) local government efforts to improve the eco logy of ponds and lakes in the city. “Ten years ago, jacanas were 2 (hard) seen in Wuhan. With the deepening of ecological environment protection in recent years, the number of places 3 they can be observed in Wuhan is increasing,” said YanJun, president of the Wuhan Bird-Watching Association. The birds fly to Wuhan in May and 4 (they) breeding period is from June to August. After the baby birds learn 5 (fly) in September they move south. However, the return of the bird, which is 6 second-class national protection, has presented a challenge this year. As part of efforts to keep the lakes clean, water plants 7 (remove) from the lakes every year. The annual clearance is a necessity as too many plants on the water’s surface can block sunlight 8 (need) by underwater microorganisms and lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem. However, some of the plants due to be removed this year contain jacana 9 (nest) as the breeding season falls at the same time as the annual clearance of the water plants. The bird-watching association has reported 10 situation to the Wuhan Forestry and Parks Bureau. 【答案】 1. following 2. hardly 3. where 4. their 5. to fly 6. under 7. are removed 8. needed 9. nests 10. the 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述近年来，随着当地政府努力改善武汉市池塘和湖泊的生态状况，武汉的汤湖已成为珍禽水雉的新繁殖地。 1. 考查非谓语。句意：近年来，随着当地政府努力改善武汉市池塘和湖泊的生态状况，武汉的汤湖已成为珍禽水雉的新繁殖地。这里考查非谓语，Tanghu Lake in Wuhan与follow为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填following。 2. 考查副词。句意：十年前，武汉几乎看不到水雉。此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填hardly。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：近年来，随着生态环境保护的深入，武汉可以观测到它们的地方越来越多。这里考查定语从句，先行词places，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。 4. 考查代词。句意：这些鸟在5月飞到武汉，繁殖期为6月至8月。分析句子可知，这里表示“它们的”繁殖期，所以这里应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5. 考查非谓语。句意：9月，幼鸟学会飞行后，它们向南移动。这里考查learn to do表“学做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to fly。 6. 考查介词。句意：然而，这受国家二级保护的鸟今年的回归带来了挑战。这里考查under protection表“受到保护”，为固定搭配。故填under。 7. 考查时态语态。句意：作为保持湖泊清洁努力的一部分，每年都会从湖泊中清除水生植物。这里考查谓语动词，water plants与remove为被动关系，再由every year可知，这里时态应用一般现在时。故填are removed。 8. 考查非谓语。句意：每年的清除是必要的，因为水面上过多的植物会阻挡水下微生物所需的阳光，并导致生态系统失衡。这里考查非谓语，sunlight 与need为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分析作后置定语。故填needed。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：然而，由于繁殖季节与水生植物的年度清除期同时到来，今年将被移除的一些植物中含有水雉巢穴。nest表“巢穴”，为可数名词，由句意可知，这里应用复数形式表示泛指，作宾语。这里故填nests。 10. 考查冠词。句意：观鸟协会已向武汉市林业和公园局报告了这一情况。分析句子可知，这里特指前面所讲的情况，所以应用定冠词表特指。故填the。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·湖北·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter. After all, if it is so small, it cannot possibly be that 1 (harm), can it? Nowadays, the answer is certainly “Yes, it can!” With the growing use of plastic bags and the 2 (rise) number of smokers, there is more litter being produced now than ever before. Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. These find their way into the water supply 3 they affect water quality and endanger plants and animals. Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down, and the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount with so many cigarette butts 4 (litter). So, if people want to smoke they should dispose 5 the butts properly in a rubbish bin. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment. They are easily blown by wind and float in water, so they can travel long 6 (distance). We should not let plastic bags become litter. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle 7 (many) that we have already used. One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them. Shops used to give plastic bags for free. But in some countries. including China, customers 8 (charge) for each bag. Some shops also have 9 “bag-for-life” scheme. They sell stronger bags that can be reused, and they replace them for free if the bags ever break. Waste is a big problem for the environment-so we need to do something. Not littering at all or cleaning up “small waste” 10 (save) money spent on throwing litter properly. However, it would be better not to smoke or use plastic bags at all. 【答案】 1. harmful 2. rising 3. where 4. littered 5. of 6. distances 7. more 8. are charged 9. a 10. saves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了烟头和塑料袋之类的小废弃物给环境带来很大的影响。 1. 考查形容词。句意：毕竟，如果它这么小，它不可能有那么大的危害，不是吗？设空处接在be动词后，应用形容词作表语，结合语意，此处表示不可能有那么大的危害，使用形容词harmful，表示“有害的”，故填harmful。 2. 考查形容词。句意：随着越来越多的人使用塑料袋和越来越多的吸烟者，现在产生的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。设空处修饰名词number作定语，应用形容词rising，表示“上升的”，故填rising。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：它们会进入供水系统，影响水质，危害动植物。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the water supply，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句，故填where。 4. 考查过去分词。句意：烟头可能需要25年的时间才能分解，烟头散落得太多，有毒化学物质加起来就会更多。设空处为with复合结构中的宾语补足语，和宾语so many cigarette butts之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故填littered。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：所以，如果人们想吸烟，他们应该把烟蒂扔进垃圾桶。短语dispose of，意为“处理掉”，符合句意，故填of。 6. 考查名词。句意：它们很容易被风吹走，漂浮在水中，所以它们可以走很远的距离。设空处为宾语，应用名词，表泛指距离，应用复数形式，故填distances。 7. 考查代词。句意：我们应该少用塑料袋，并重复使用和回收我们已经使用过的东西。设空处为宾语，指代更多的东西，应用不定代词more，故填more。 8. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。 句意：但在包括中国在内的一些国家，顾客需要为每个袋子付费。设空处为谓语，和主语customers之间是被动关系，描述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语customers是复数，be动词使用are，故填are charged。 9. 考查冠词。句意：一些商店还推出了“终身包”计划。设空处修饰名词scheme，表泛指，应用冠词，并且bag-for-life发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 10. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：完全不乱扔垃圾或清理“小垃圾”可以节省花在正确扔垃圾上的钱。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Not littering at all or cleaning up “small waste”，采取就近原则，谓语用第三人称单数，故填saves。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·陕西西安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Previously 1 (affect) by coal mining, Shizuishan in the Ningxi a Hui Autonomous Region is changing 2 (it) into a leader of industrial revolution with cutting-edge green technologies. A new energy technology company in Ningxia is one of the companies at the cutting edge of these revolutions. At the company’s gas processing plant in Pingluo County, large 3 (amount) of industrial waste gas 4 (contain) carbon monoxide are being treated and changed into value-added products such as fuel and animal feed. This modern technology is not only money-making, but also good for the environment. The city produces some industrial waste gas 5 (annual). In the past, the gas 6 (use) as hot energy, which put pressure on the environment. Nowadays, the waste gas is sent to the company’s new energy technology’s processing plant via a network of pipelines. The plant processes much gas every year, 7 reduces plenty of carbon dioxide emissions. The processing method owes a lot to the latest advances in biological technology, which have played 8 important role in the green transformation of Shizuishan’s industries. The ethanol (乙醇) fuel can be added to gas 9 (help) reduce vehicle waste emissions. It can also act as a chemical raw material and be made into green products 10 aircraft fuel, packaging material and clothing. In 2023, the company’s industrial output value was 220 million yuan. 【答案】 1. affected 2. itself 3. anounts 4. containing 5. annually 6. was used 7. which 8. an 9. to help 10. like 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了石嘴山市如何通过绿色技术和乙醇燃料的应用来实现工业的绿色转型，以及这种转型对环境带来的积极影响。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：以前受到煤炭开采的影响，位于宁夏回族自治区的石嘴山正在转变为拥有尖端绿色技术的工业革命领导者。分析句子结构可知，设空处做句子状语，与逻辑主语Shizuishan构成被动关系，即“石嘴山受到……的影响”，过去分词作状语，表被动，affected为“affect”的过去分词形式。故填affected。 2. 考查代词。句意：以前受到煤炭开采的影响，位于宁夏回族自治区的石嘴山正在将其自身转变为一个拥有尖端绿色技术的工业革命领导者。根据句意，此处需要表达“石嘴山自己”的意思，故使用反身代词itself。故填itself。 3. 考查名词复数。句意：在平罗县的公司天然气处理厂，大量含有一氧化碳的工业废气正在被处理和转化为增值产品例如燃料和动物饲料。根据句意“大量的”应用固定短语“large amounts of”表示。故填amounts。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在平罗县的公司天然气处理厂，大量含有一氧化碳的工业废气正在被处理和转化为增值产品例如燃料和动物饲料。分析句子结构，“large amounts of industrial waste gas”作主语，“are being treated and changed”为句子的谓语部分，设空部分所给动词作定语修饰主语。所给词“contain”和主语构成主动关系，故用其现在分词作定语表主动，表示“含有……的”。故填containing。 5. 考查副词。句意：这座城市每年产生一些工业废气。设空处的词作状语修饰动词“produces”，应为副词，表示“每年”。故填annually。 6. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：过去，这种气体被用作热能，对环境造成了压力。根据时间状语In the past可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，且主语“the gas”与谓语动词“use”为被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态was used。故填was used。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂每年处理很多气体，这减少了大量的二氧化碳排放。分析句子成分可知，逗号前面是主句，后面是非限制性定语从句。设空处为引导非限制性定语从句的引导词，关系词指代前面整个主句，作从句主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 8. 考查冠词。句意：这种处理方法在很大程度上归功于生物技术的最新进展，这些进展在石嘴山工业的绿色转型中发挥了重要作用。根据句意，本空考查固定短语“在某方面起作用”，其英文为play a role in。本空后面的“important”为元音音素开头的单词，需要使用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 9. 考查非谓语动词 句意：乙醇燃料可以添加到天然气中以帮助减少车辆废气排放。结合成分和句意可知，设空处应为动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了帮助减少……”，英文是to help reduce vehicle waste emission。故填to help。 10. 考查介词 句意：它还可以作为化工原料，制成绿色产品，如航空燃料、包装材料和服装。空处所在句子成分完整，因此需填入介词作状语，like为介词，表示“如，像”，后接名词或名词短语。故填like。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The Palace Museum is becoming waste-free as the 720,000-square-meter structure has managed 1 (reduce) the number of rubbish bins to 110 sets in areas open to the public. This is a decrease from 310 sets 2 (record) in January 2020, when a zero-waste campaign 3 (launch), said the museum. While protecting features of the six-century-old historical relic, the action also helps visitors and tourists get into 4 habit of creating less waste. Up to now, four types of rubbish bins have been equipped following Beijing’s regulations on the management of household waste. Cleaning staff also check them to make sure all rubbish is 5 (correct) sorted, which is later transported to different destinations for disposal (处理). The museum also recycled more than 32,000 plastic 6 (bottle) to make cultural and creative products between June 2021 and October 2023, 7 (mean) a reduction in carbon emission by 931 kilograms. By launching the campaign, the Palace Museum is taking a careful, science-based way to waste management. The target is to minimize the production of waste 8 needs to be buried or burned and bring the amount of such waste as close 9 zero as possible. So far, about 3,000 museum staff members, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors 10 (participate) in the campaign. 【答案】 1. to reduce 2. recorded 3. was launched 4. the 5. correctly 6. bottles 7. meaning 8. that/which 9. to 10. have participated 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了故宫博物院开展“故宮零废弃”运动的情况。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：72万平方米的故宫博物院已经成功地将开放区域的垃圾箱数量减少到110个，从而实现了零垃圾。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”为固定搭配。故填to reduce。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆表示，这比2020年1月发起零浪费运动时记录的310组有所减少。该句的谓语是is，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，record与名词sets之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填recorded。 3. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该博物馆表示，这比2020年1月发起零浪费运动时记录的310组有所减少。根据时间状语in January 2020可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词launch与主语campaign之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填was launched。 4. 考查冠词。句意：在保护这座六百年历史遗迹的同时，这一行动也帮助游客和游客养成减少浪费的习惯。根据of creating less waste可知，此处表示特指，以及get into the habit of…“养成……的习惯”为固定搭配。故填the。 5. 考查副词。句意：清洁人员也会检查它们，以确保所有垃圾都被正确分类，然后运往不同的目的地进行处理。修饰动词sorted应用副词。故填correctly。 6. 考查名词复数。句意：在2021年6月至2023年10月期间，该博物馆还回收了3.2万多个塑料瓶，用于制作文化创意产品，这意味着减少了931公斤的碳排放。根据32,000可知，此处应用名词复数，作宾语。故填bottles。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在2021年6月至2023年10月期间，该博物馆还回收了3.2万多个塑料瓶，用于制作文化创意产品，这意味着减少了931公斤的碳排放。该句的谓语是recycled，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，mean与前面句子之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：目标是尽量减少需要掩埋或焚烧的废物的产生，并使这类废物的数量尽可能接近于零。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是waste，指代事物，用关系代词that/which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 9. 考查介词。句意：目标是尽量减少需要掩埋或焚烧的废物的产生，并使这类废物的数量尽可能接近于零。close to“接近”为固定搭配。故填to。 10. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，约有3000名博物馆工作人员、4万名导游和2100万名游客参与了这项活动。根据时间状语So far可知，空处应用现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在造成的影响。主谓一致，故填have participated。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s National Ecology Day promotes the belief 1 “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, reflecting the country’s devotion to ecological progress. This concept has evolved into a common belief 2 Chinese citizens, driving green, circular(循环), and low-carbon development across regions and authorities. To achieve this, China is implementing(执行) a 3 (comprehend) conservation strategy, 4 (accelerate) energy conservation, carbon reduction, waste recycling and promoting high-quality, green development. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is leading 5 planning and development of a new energy system, along with policies for green economic growth and resource allocation. China has also taken a leading role in global environmental governance, promising to peak carbon emissions by 2030 6 achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The positive impact of these efforts is evident in places like Zhuangshang Village, 7 foreigners like Mehraz Karami from Iran are drawn to the clean environment. China’s success in green growth 8 (gain) international recognition, serving as a model for other countries, including Kazakhstan. Erik Solheim, former head of the United Nations Environment Programme, 9 (praise) China’s transformation from a polluting economy to a global leader in green development, and China’s constant 10 (commit) to sustainability inspires others to follow suit. 【答案】 1. that 2. among 3. comprehensive 4. accelerating 5. the 6. and 7. where 8. has gained 9. praised 10. commitment 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的国家生态日倡导“绿水青山是无价之宝”的理念不仅对本国的环境改变做出了贡献还给世界其他国家树立了榜样。 1. 考查同位语从句。句意：中国的国家生态日倡导“绿水青山是无价之宝”的理念，体现了中国对生态文明建设的重视。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容，引导词在从句中只起到连接作用，不作成分，应用连接词that引导从句。故填that。 2. 考查介词。句意：这一理念已成为中国公民的共同信念，推动了各地区和各部门的绿色、循环、低碳发展。根据空格后的名词及句意“在……之间”可知，空格处应用介词among。故填among。 3. 考查形容词。句意：为此，中国正在实施综合节能战略，加快节能减排、废物回收利用，推动高质量绿色发展。根据空格后的名词strategy可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，根据句意“全面的”是comprehensive。故填comprehensive。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为此，中国正在实施综合节能战略，加快节能减排、废物回收利用，推动高质量绿色发展。is作谓语，空格处作状语，主语China和动词accelerate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填accelerating。 5. 考查冠词。句意：国家发展和改革委员会正在领导新能源体系的规划和发展，以及绿色经济增长和资源配置的政策。根据名词后的定语of a new energy system可知，空格处应填定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 6. 考查连词。句意：中国还在全球环境治理中发挥了主导作用，承诺到2030年实现碳排放峰值，到2060年实现碳中和。短语peak carbon emissions by 2030和achieve carbon neutrality by 2060为并列结构，应用连词and表示这种关系。故填and。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：这些努力的积极影响在庄上村这样的地方很明显，在那里，像伊朗的迈赫拉兹·卡拉米这样的外国人被清洁的环境所吸引。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhuangshang Village，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。故填where。 8. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国在绿色增长方面的成功获得了国际认可，为包括哈萨克斯坦在内的其他国家树立了榜样。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用现在完成时，主语China’s success in green growth为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has gained。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：联合国环境规划署前署长埃里克•索尔海姆赞扬了中国从一个污染型经济体向全球绿色发展领导者的转变，中国对可持续发展的持续承诺激励着其他国家效仿。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般过去时。故填praised。 10. 考查名词。句意：联合国环境规划署前署长埃里克•索尔海姆赞扬了中国从一个污染型经济体向全球绿色发展领导者的转变，中国对可持续发展的持续承诺激励着其他国家效仿。根据空格前的形容词constant可知，空格处应填名词作主语，根据句意“承诺”是commitment，为可数名词，此处为名词的单数形式。故填commitment。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of 1 jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides 2 ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers 3 (hang) about,” Yang said. Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope 4 climate change. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine 5 (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), 6 (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being 7 (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting 8 (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world. “Through a series of ecological protection actions, China 9 (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to 10 (build) a community of all life on Earth,” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University. 【答案】 1. which 2. an 3. to hang 4. with 5. commitment 6. held 7. globally 8. sustainable 9. has demonstrated 10. building 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国致力于湿地保护，致力于人与自然和谐相处，中国呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用，增进全球人民福祉，让世界各国人民更多受益。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：来自青海省的摄影爱好者杨春林每年10月都会去黄河边的湿地，见见他的老朋友：大天鹅。当他第一次来到这里时，大天鹅的数量已经从30多只增加到了100多只。介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词whooper swans，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。 2. 考查冠词。句意：湿地为大天鹅提供了理想的生活环境。此处environment为泛指，且ideal是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：美丽的‘天鹅湖’已经成为摄影爱好者闲逛的地方。此处不定式作后置定语修饰place。故填to hang。 4. 考查介词。句意：湿地被称为“地球之肾”，可以帮助保护生物多样性，应对气候变化。短语cope with表示“应对”。故填with。 5. 考查名词。句意：中国的湿地保护工作表明，中国致力于人与自然和谐相处。作动词的宾语，应用名词commitment。故填commitment。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在武汉和瑞士日内瓦举行的《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》第14次缔约方大会上，中国呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用，增进全球人民福祉，让世界各国人民更多受益。此处hold与the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。故填held。 7. 考查副词。句意：在武汉和瑞士日内瓦举行的《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》第14次缔约方大会上，中国呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用，增进全球人民福祉，让世界各国人民更多受益。修饰动词enhancing应用副词globally。故填globally。 8. 考查形容词。句意：在武汉和瑞士日内瓦举行的《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》第14次缔约方大会上，中国呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用，增进全球人民福祉，让世界各国人民更多受益。修饰名词应用形容词sustainable作定语。故填sustainable。 9. 考查时态。句意：北京林业大学教授雷光春表示：“通过一系列生态保护行动，中国展示了湿地保护在改善人类生存环境方面的积极作用，为建设地球上所有生命的社区贡献了更多的智慧和解决方案。”此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has demonstrated。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：北京林业大学教授雷光春表示：“通过一系列生态保护行动，中国展示了湿地保护在改善人类生存环境方面的积极作用，为建设地球上所有生命的社区贡献了更多的智慧和解决方案。”作介词to的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填building。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in 1 scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole. The hole has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans 2 it moves further south. 3 it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks. Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex (极地漩涡), and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine (氯) in the atmosphere - from human activities-caused the hole 4 (form) . It is now too early to say 5 the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability. Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, 6 (slow) the destruction of ozone. 7 a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-destroying chemicals 8 (reduce) dramatically, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol (蒙特利尔协议) , but some sources appear still to be functioning. New sources of ozone-destroying chemicals were not a factor in the hole 9 (observe) in the Arctic, said Peuch. “However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoiding a situation 10 the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.” 【答案】 1. what 2. unless 3. If 4. to form 5. whether 6. slowing 7. While 8. has been reduced 9. observed 10. where 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家称这是北极上空大气异常低温的结果，同时也对该空洞作出了预测。 1. 考查宾语从句。句意：北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家称这是北极上空大气异常低温的结果。宾语从句缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 2. 考查状语从句。句意：这个洞已经达到了创纪录的规模，但除非它进一步向南移动，否则预计不会对人类构成任何危险。根据下文“____3____ it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn.”可知，只要空洞不往南移动，就不会对人类构成危险。所以，空处应解释为“除非”符合句意，用unless。故填unless。 3. 考查状语从句。句意：如果它进一步向南延伸到人口稠密的地区，如格陵兰岛南部，人们被晒伤的风险将会增加。根据主句“people will be at increased risk of sunburn”可判断，从句为条件状语，意为“如果”，用if。出现在句首，首字母大写。故填If。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：北极地区的低温导致了一个不寻常的稳定的极地涡旋，而大气中存在的破坏臭氧的化学物质，如氯——来自人类活动——导致了臭氧洞的形成。考查非谓语动词担当cause的宾语补足语，用动词不定式形式，cause sb to do sth为“导致……”。故填to form。 5. 考查宾语从句。句意：现在说异常稳定的北极涡旋状况是否与气候危机有关，或者是正常平流层天气变化的一部分，还为时过早。这里为宾语从句的连接词，根据句意可知，空处意为“是否”，再根据下文的“or”，可知空处用whether。故填whether。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该地区的气温已经在上升，减缓了臭氧的破坏。这里为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所带来的自然而然的结果，用ving形式。故填slowing。 7. 考查状语从句。句意：虽然北极上空出现空洞是一件罕见的事情，但南极上空臭氧空洞的规模要大得多，这是40多年来人们关注的一个主要问题。这里为让步状语从句的连接词，意为“虽然”，放在句首，常用“while”，且首字母大写。故填While。 8. 考查时态和语态。句意：根据1987年的《蒙特利尔议定书》，破坏臭氧层的化学物质的生产已经大大减少，但一些来源似乎仍在发挥作用。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文内容可知，本句为现在完成时；主语为“the production of ozone-destroying chemicals”，单数，和reduce之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填has been reduced。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Peuch说，破坏臭氧层的化学物质的新来源并不是在北极观测到空洞的一个因素。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词hole之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填observed。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，这提醒我们，不应该把《蒙特利尔议定书》的措施视为理所当然，地面和卫星的观测对于避免平流层中破坏臭氧层的化学物质水平再次上升至关重要。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为a situation，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$