Unit8 Literature【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（北师大版选择性必修三）

Unit 8 Literature Unit8 话题 文学与艺术 词汇 一词多义/熟词生义： folk; blank; strike; bounce; poison 动词： submit; stare; fetch; slip; wander; stretch; ease; comfort; forgive 形容词/副词： stimulating; absorbing; dramatic; subjective; historical; continuous; polished evidently 名词： fiction; poetry; adventure; mystery; crime; disbelief; registration; desperation; preservation; construction 短语 make up one’s mind in an attempt to take ...for granted for the sake of hunt for stare at hold on depend on now that 句型 1. It/This/That is/was the+序数词+time that... 2. where引导定语从句 3. Find+宾语+宾语补足语 4. so...that... 5. It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if... 6. Nor引起部分倒装 7. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 语法 状态动词和动作动词 写作 1. 消除误会重归于好 2. 健康生活方式改变一家人 考点1. absorbing　adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 [佳句]Absorbed in reading, these children didn't feel hungry at all. ＝Absorbing themselves in reading, these children didn't feel hungry at all. 这些孩子沉浸在阅读中，一点儿都不觉得饿。 【拓展】 (1)absorb v.　　　　　　 吸收；吸引(全部注意力)，使全神贯注；理解 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb oneself in　　　　　 全神贯注于 (2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 (be) absorbed in... 被……吸引住；专心致志于…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/写出下列句中absorb的含义 (1)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed(absorb) in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. (2)A good book can absorb our attention so completely that we forget our surroundings.吸引 (3)After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well. 吸收 (4)I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.理解 一句多译(五育并举之体育) 我沉浸在冰雪活动中好几天了，我已经爱上了滑雪，并且一有机会就坚持练习。 (5)Absorbed in ice and snow events for days, I've fallen in love with skiing and keep practicing it whenever possible.(过去分词短语作状语) (6)Absorbing myself in ice and snow events for days, I've fallen in love with skiing and keep practicing it whenever possible. (现在分词短语作状语) [联想发散] 与“be absorbed in...”类似的结构还有： (1)be lost in...　　 陷入……；专心致志于…… (2)be caught in... 被困在…… (3)be buried in... 埋头于…… (4)be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于…… 考点2. submit　vt.呈送，提交，呈递；屈服 [佳句]Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15.(应用文写作之通知) 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 【拓展】 (1)submit to　　　 　　 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to... 甘受……的摆布；服从于…… submit...to... 向……提交…… (2)submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)Dozens of enterprises have submitted(submit) their plans to reduce their carbon footprint in the past ten days. (2)In the past，I frequently submitted myself to difficulties but now I can spare no effort to handle them. 完成句子(彰显中国元素) (3)我们将邀请一位著名的艺术家来教授国画技巧，之后许多学生将提交他们的作品并交流想法。 A famous artist will be invited to teach Chinese painting skills, after which many students will submit their works and exchange ideas．(应用文写作之告知信) 考点3. hunt for　寻找，猎取 [佳句]Mary has been hunting for a job since she graduated from college. 自从大学毕业，玛丽一直在找工作。 【拓展】 (1)hunt vt.& vi.　　　 打猎；搜寻；追捕 n. 搜寻；打猎 (2)hunter n. 猎人 (3)hunting n. 狩猎运动；打猎 go hunting 去打猎 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Weather permitting, we'll go hunting(hunt) this Sunday morning. (2)They are still hunting for the missing girl, who disappeared last week after attending her friend's birthday party. (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters(hunt). (4)他们放下手里的工作，开始寻找失踪的文件。 They put down what they were doing, and set about hunting for the missing document． 考点4. stare　vi.凝视，盯着看 [佳句]When watching horror movies, people would stare at the screen, holding their breaths and shaking with fear.(读后续写之心理描) 看恐怖电影时，人们会盯着屏幕，屏住呼吸，害怕得发抖。 【拓展】 (1)stare at　　　　　　　　 凝视 (2)glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 at a/first glance 乍一看；一看就…… give/take a glance at 粗略地看一下 (3)glare at 怒视，瞪着 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/同义替换 (1)A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. (2)Is the sentence structure simple and easy to understand at a glance? (3)She glared at him, her cheeks flushing. (4)He glanced at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. →He gave/took a glance at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. 考点5. blank　adj.空白的；不理解的，茫然的，没表情的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的　 n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格 [佳句]Could you take a blank sheet of paper and write your name on it? 你能拿一张空白的纸把你的名字写在上面吗？ 【拓展】 　　　　　　　 一片空白 fill in/out the blanks 填空 【应用内化】 写出下列句中blank的词性及含义 (1)It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope. adj.空白的 (2)Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about. adj.不理解的，茫然的 (3)Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. n.空格 完成句子 (4)听到这个消息，我的脑子一片空白。 Hearing the news, my mind went blank． (5)我努力想他的名字，但我的脑子里完全是一片空白。 I am trying to think of his name, but my mind is a complete blank． [联想发散] blank用作形容词时，没有比较级。 考点6. make up one's mind　下定决心；决定 [佳句]Once he has made up his mind, nothing can change his mind. He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he achieves his goal.　 一旦他下定决心，什么都不能使他改变主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。 【拓展】 change one's mind　　 　 改变主意 come into one's mind 进入某人的脑海 fix one's mind on/upon 全神贯注于 flash through/cross one's mind 掠过心头；出现在脑海 【应用内化】 补全句子 (1)First of all, keep in mind that(记住) you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(应用文写作之建议信) (2)(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) Every time the memory of the Halloween flashed through/crossed my mind(掠过心头), I laughed myself to death. (3)Suddenly a wonderful thought came into my mind(出现在我的脑海里). 词汇升级 (4)Hearing my words, he finally decided to run and I urged him to go to the starting line. →(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Hearing my words, he finally made up his mind to run and I urged him to go to the starting line. [联想发散] make up one's mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 考点7. long　vi.渴望，盼望 [佳句]We all long for sincere friendship in that it can deeply influence our lives. 我们都渴望真诚的友谊，因为它能对我们的生活产生深刻的影响。 【拓展】 long (for sb.) to do sth.　 渴望(某人)做某事 long for (＝starve for＝be eager for) sth. 渴望某物 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He has been longing(long) to attend a key university since he was a little boy. Now his dream has come true. (2)The university students longed to be chosen(choose) as volunteers for this programme. (3)She longed for him to ask her to dance at the party. (4)我们大多数人都渴望独立于父母，因为我们的独立表明我们已经长大了。 Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents, because our independence shows that we've grown up.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 考点8. slip　v.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒；下降，退步；迅速放置，悄悄塞 n．滑倒；差错，疏漏；纸条 [佳句]When he got out of the bathtub，he slipped and fell on the floor. 当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。 【拓展】 slip away　　　　　　 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip up 疏忽；不小心出差错 slip into 逐渐陷入 slip out of 悄悄溜出 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The old man slipped into unconsciousness died the next day. (2)It was such a good chance.How could she let it slip away? (3)就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。 It was while his father was sleeping that the boy slipped out of his room．(读后续写之动作描写) 考点9. wander　vi.& vt. 徘徊；闲逛；漫步于　vi.偏离(正道)；走失，离散；走神 n．游荡；闲逛；流浪 [佳句]When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. 2004年，当我回到伦敦时，我发现自己徘徊在南岸，在那里待了几个小时。(2021·全国甲卷) 【拓展】 wander about/around　　　 闲逛；漫游 wander back to 回想到 wander over the world 周游世界 wander in the street 在街上游荡 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)On reaching the station，the passenger found someone in rags wandering(wander) around the station. (2)Her thoughts wandered back to her youth. (3)I wandered in the countryside and could feel the wind gently blowing through my hair. →Wandering in the countryside, I could feel the wind gently blowing through my hair.(分词短语作状语)(读后续写之场景描写) 考点10. stretch　vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长　 n．舒展；伸展 [佳句]The road stretches across the desert into the distance. 这条公路穿过沙漠一直延伸到远方。 【拓展】 stretch one's legs　　 散散步，活动活动腿脚 stretch out 躺下 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After hours on the long­distance bus, a few of the passengers got off the bus to stretch(stretch) their legs. (2)I'm so tired that I want to stretch out for a few minutes. (3)我在广场处停下来，好好舒展了一下身体。 I stopped at the square and had a good stretch． 考点11. wave　n.海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 [佳句]Seeing her friend coming out of the station，she gave her a wave excitedly.(读后续写之动作描写) 看到她的朋友走出车站，她兴奋地朝她挥手。 【拓展】 wave goodbye to sb.　　 向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手 wave...aside 挥手拒绝……，对……置之不理 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The mayor waved to/at the crowd as he arrived at the performance. (2)He waved the objection aside and carried on. (3)当我向母亲挥手告别时，她哭了。 My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her. 考点12. desperation　n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 [佳句]The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 那个在沙漠中迷路的人极其想喝水。 【拓展】 (1)in desperation　　　　 　 绝望地；不顾一切地 (2)desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事 in desperate need of 非常需要 (3)desperately adv. 极其，非常；绝望地 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He was desperate for a job for he had been out of work for two years.(应用文写作之人物介绍) (2)These children desperately(desperate) need help to solve their problems but they found no one to turn to. (3)After more than ten years of hard study, he was desperate to pass(pass) the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university. (4)好几个月没下雨了，这个地区急需用水。 It hasn't rained for several months and this place is in desperate need of water. 考点13. ease　n.轻易，毫不费劲　v．(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 [佳句]Playing basketball serves as one of the best ways to ease our great study pressure. 打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法之一。 【拓展】 (1)at ease　　　　　　 放心；无拘无束 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 with ease 容易 (2)ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Knowing that the children were safe, his mind was at ease. (2)I eased(ease) her mind by telling her that her skin was slightly swollen. (3)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的英语书面表达能力。 If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day, you can improve your written English with ease．(应用文写作之建议信) 考点14. preservation　n.维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 [佳句]We should try our best to find various ways to preserve and spread the traditional culture of China.(应用文写作之倡议书) 我们应该努力找到各种方法来保护和传播中国传统文化。 【拓展】 (1)preserve v.　　　　　 维护，保护，保存 n. 保护区 preserve...from... 保护……免受…… be well preserved 保养/保护/保存良好 (2)preserver n. 保护人；维护者 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(聚焦社会热点) (1)With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved(preserve) for generations to come. (2)They will do their best to preserve the historic buildings from being destroyed(destroy). (3)Not being exposed to sunlight accounts for the good preservation(preserve) of the ancient painting. (4)成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。 The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction．(应用文写作之倡议书) 考点15. strike　vi. & vt.打，击，撞；(钟)敲；划(火柴)；侵袭；突然想到；突然发生不幸；打动，迷住　n．罢工；打击 [佳句]It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. 我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) 【拓展】 (1)be struck with/by...　 被……所袭击/感动 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某个部位 (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 【应用内化】 写出下列句中strike的词性及含义/完成句子(倡导和谐人际关系) (1)I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. v.(钟)敲 (2)In America, workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. n.罢工 (3)When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets, a stone struck him on the back, which made him very angry. vt.打，击 (4)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.v.划(火柴) (5)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 Struck by what he had done for me, I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. (读后续写之情感描写) 考点16. bounce　vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；上下晃动　n．弹性；弹跳；活力 [佳句]I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside. 我跑得太快了以至于撞到树干上被弹回来，屁股着地。(2020·浙江卷1月) 【拓展】 (1)bounce back　 恢复(健康或信心等)；重整旗鼓 bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 (2)on the bounce 连续；相继 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We lost two or three early games in the World Cup, but we bounced back later. (2)All at once, the three children lit up, and began to bounce around the room, laughing and chattering. (3)We've won six matches on the bounce. (4)在被一所重点大学录取后，他走路特别有活力。 He was admitted to a key university and there was a bounce to his step． 考点17. evidently　adv.明显地，显然 [佳句]There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些类型癌症的可能性较小。 【拓展】 (1)evident adj.　　　　　　　 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显…… (2)evidence n. 证明；证据；证词 There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… 【应用内化】 语段填空/句式升级 (1)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. (2)Evidently(evident), eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people. (3)Evidently, they achieve their movements not by accident but by design. →It is evident that they achieve their movements not by accident but by design. 考点18. polished　adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的 [佳句]While studying in China, you always spent your free time in helping me polish up my oral English. 在中国学习期间，你总是用你的空闲时间来帮助我提高英语口语水平。 【拓展】 polish n.　　　　　　 上光剂；抛光；擦亮 vt. 修改；润色；抛光 polish up 擦亮；提高 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)The senior editor especially said that this article needed to be polished/polishing(polish). (2)Polish up your writing skills on a one­week professional course. 考点19. aboard 　prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车) [佳句]According to the airline rules, we suggest you (should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding the plane. 根据航空公司的规定，我们建议你在登机前关掉手机。 【拓展】 (1)go aboard　　　　　　 上船(飞机、火车等) (2)board vt.& vi. 上(船或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) 　 n. 木板；董事会；伙食 on board 在船(飞机或火车)上 (3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的 (4)abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外 go abroad 出国 【应用内化】 补全句子 (1)He was tall with broad shoulders and a beard(有宽阔的肩膀和胡子) and always wore a broad smile(笑容满面)． (2)Learning that you will go abroad for further study(去国外深造), I'm writing to inform you of some necessary do's and don'ts. 完成句子 (3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。 The instant the young couple go aboard the ship/board the ship, they are eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(读后续写之动作描写) 考点20.comfort　vt.安慰，抚慰　n.舒适感，满足感 [佳句]To my comfort, as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me.(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写) 让我感到安慰的是，当我在他的床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。 【拓展】 (1)in comfort　　 　 　　　 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 (2)comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj.　　　　 舒服的；舒适的 comfortably adv. 舒适地 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Even if he was in trouble, he was still optimistic, which was a great comfort to me. (2)You have done everything to make life comfortable(comfort), for which I appreciate a lot. (3)看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。 Seeing I was uncomfortable, my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms to comfort me．(读后续写之动作描写) 考点21. influence　v.影响；对……起作用　 n.影响；作用；有影响力的人(物) [佳句]They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 他们可能会受到社会信仰的影响。(2021·全国甲卷) 【拓展】 (1)be influenced by　　　 　 受……的影响, (2)have an influence on... 对……起作用, (3)influential adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)Apparently，the old man was influenced(influence) by that incident. (2)Under their influence, he becomes greatly interested in stories of travel and adventure. (3)When discussing influential(influence) modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. (4)He was influenced by a friend, and took up painting.(应用文写作之人物介绍) →Influenced by a friend, he took up painting.(分词短语作状语) 考点22. poison　n.毒药，毒素，毒物　 vt.毒害，毒杀；使中毒；污染 [佳句]These factories have poisoned the river with waste water. 这些工厂的废水污染了这条河流。 【拓展】 (1)poison one's mind with... 用……毒害某人的心灵 poison...with... 用……污染/伤害…… (2)poisonous adj. 有毒的，有害的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)Do you believe that watching too much TV is poisoning(poison) the minds of children? (2)Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are poisonous(poison) to human beings.(应用文写作之环境保护) 考点23. forgive　vi.& vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕 [佳句]Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore. That's because I have an urgent thing to attend to.(应用文写作之道歉信) 请原谅我不能陪你去书店。那是因为我有急事要处理。 【拓展】 (1)forgive me　 　 　　　 请原谅；对不起 forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 (2)forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 (3)forgiveness n. 原谅 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Forgive yourself for losing my bicycle, and I know you didn't mean to do this. (2)Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to beg for his forgiveness(forgive) face to face. (读后续写之心理描写) (3)我写信向您道歉，希望您能原谅我的不礼貌的行为。 I'm writing to apologize to you, hoping you could forgive my impolite behavior．(应用文写作之道歉信) 考点24. “It/This/That is/was the＋序数词＋time that...”意为“这/那是第……次……” (教材P109)Hello, this is the first time that I have come to this library. 你好，这是我第一次来这个图书馆。 [佳句]This is the first time that I have been away from my family for such a long time. 这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。 【拓展】 其他含有time的句型： (1)“There was a time when...”意为“曾经有一段时间……”； (2)“It/This/That is the＋序数词＋time that sb.＋have/has done...”意为“这/那是某人第……次做……”； (3)“It/This/That was the＋序数词＋time that sb.＋had done...”意为“这/那是某人第……次做……”； (4)“It is time that sb./sth.＋should do/did...”意为“到了某人该做……的时候了”。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)There was a time when he learnt English well. (2)It is the first time that a private company has been allowed(allow) to build a water recycling plant in this country. (3)It was a very special journey for me, for it was the first time that I had traveled(travel) by plane. (4)她曾经一度无法忍受病痛。 There was a time when she could not bear the pain. (5)到了我该去学校接我女儿的时候了。 It is time that I went/should go to school to pick up my daughter. 考点25. where引导定语从句 (教材P30)Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north­facing windows and low rents. 格林威治村是一个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。 [佳句]At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.(2021·天津卷3月) 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家们可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 【拓展】 (1)本句中where引导定语从句，where引导定语从句常常修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语； (2)where引导的定语从句还可修饰抽象地点名词，如point、stage、case、situation、condition、position、environment、activity、race、 job、 scene、 system等； (3)from where也可引导定语从句； (4)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语，则需用关系代词that或which 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月)A couple of years ago, film­maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three­year­old son's ear without getting a response. (3)他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong． 考点26. find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材P31)The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. 昨天早晨，看门人发现他痛苦无助地躺在床上。 [佳句]The old man found his hometown much changed. 这个老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。 【拓展】 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳： (1)find＋宾语＋ (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)(2021·浙江卷1月)When he woke up and found himself alone(lone), the 4­year­old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on. (2)(2020·天津卷7月)Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting(sit) there and engaging in active and joyful conversations. (3)We find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information. (4)While I was working in the farm yard, it was very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun. →While working in the farm yard, I found it very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.(状语从句的省略；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(应用文写作之活动介绍) 考点27. “so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” (教材P36)The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. 撞击如此猛烈以至于我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 [佳句]We've got so little time that we can't finish it before ten o'clock. 我们时间太少了，在10点前不能完成工作。 【拓展】 (1)so...that...句型的常见结构： (2)such...that...句型的常见结构： (3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月满分作文)The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. (3)The work consumed me so much that there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me. →(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写)So much did the work consume me that there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me.(部分倒装) 考点28. “It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意为“(对某人来说)似乎……” (教材P36)It seemed to me as if a cry answered him.　我似乎听到有人回应他。 [佳句]It seemed as if the old teacher were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.　这位老教师仿佛要在最后这一堂课上把他的全部知识都教给我们。 【拓展】 (1)It seems/seemed that...＝Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式 (2)含seem的常用句型还有： 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译 (1)It seems difficult to learn(learn) so many new words by heart in a short time. (2)There seems to be hope(看起来有希望) that business will get better. (2020·浙江卷7月读后续写)他的嘴里似乎充满了血，而且他的眼睛因愤怒而发红。 (3)It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger. (4)His mouth seemed to be full of blood and his eyes were red with anger. 考点29. nor引起部分倒装 (教材P40)I couldn't say where I was, nor could I imagine. 我说不出我在哪里，也想象不出来。 [佳句]I didn't go swimming yesterday. Neither/Nor did Jack. 我昨天没去游泳，杰克也没去。 【拓展】 句中“nor could I imagine”是倒装句，为部分倒装。 (1)表示前面的否定情况也适用于后面时，常用“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构； (2)表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后面时，常用“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语” 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 (1)The most famous designers are Chinese，so are the models, and so are the consumers. (2)They couldn't find out the cause of the fire.Neither/Nor could we. (3)如果他明天不去公园，我也不去。 If he doesn't go to the park tomorrow, neither/nor will I． (4)The parents were satisfied with the result and their son was satisfied too. →The parents were satisfied with the result, so was their son．(部分倒装) 考点30. “介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 (教材P43)His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2，000 poems, of which approximately 1，800 are still read today. 他的旅行是他2 000多首诗的基础，其中约有 1 800 首至今仍在被阅读。 [佳句]Last Sunday the Labor Day was held, the purpose of which is to raise our awareness of the importance of labor.(应用文写作之新闻报道) ＝Last Sunday the Labor Day was held, whose purpose is to raise our awareness of the importance of labor.　上周日举行了劳动节，其目的是提高我们对劳动重要性的意识。 【拓展】 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。 (1)one/two/several/most/each/all/both of which/whom (2)the＋名词＋of which/whom 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)Due to lack of training, I failed to get the key point of my speech, for which I wasn't well prepared. (2)There are several teachers standing at the school gate, one of whom is my English teacher. (3)The activity raises our awareness of caring about nature. Its aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection. →The activity, the aim of which is to draw our attention to environmental protection, raises our awareness of caring about nature. →The activity, whose aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection, raises our awareness of caring about nature. 一．语法精讲——状态动词和动作动词 观察句子 Adam Harper ①drinks a lot of coffee to stay up for study.Recently，Adam ②felt that drinking this much coffee was making it hard for him to sleep at all.He also ③suffered stomachaches.So he decided to stop drinking coffee.When Adam got up on October 3, he began his day without this morning coffee.By 11：00 a．m.，Adam was in a terrible condition. He was tired and ④had a headache. At 11：30, in the meeting with his student advisor, he found it impossible to concentrate.What was going on？ 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、③的动词描述动作行为，是表示动作的动词。 2．加黑处②、④的动词描述状态，是表示状态的动词。 语法知识精讲 在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，这类动词叫作动作动词；有些动词表示状态，这类动词叫作状态动词。动作动词可用于一般现在时态和进行时态，而状态动词一般不用于进行时态。 *He gets up at six every morning. 他每天早晨六点钟起床。(动作) *It seems that you are right. 你似乎是对的。(状态) 1．有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。 *He is having his breakfast. 他在吃早饭。(动作) *He has two elder brothers and a younger sister. 他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。(状态) *They are holding a meeting. 他们正在开会。(动作) *The barrel holds two gallons. 这个桶能装两加仑。(状态) *People are lying on the beach. 人们正躺在海滩上。(动作) *The city lies on the coast. 这座城市位于海滨。(状态) [联想发散] 常用的表示状态的动词有mean、seem、concern、hate、dislike、surprise、major(主修)、contain、hold、matter、depend、resemble(像、类似)、guess、suppose、imagine、own、deserve(应受、值得)、admire、appear、be、believe、consist、desire(期望、希望)、despair、doubt、envy、exist、feel、fit、forget、have、hear、hope、impress(留下印象)、include、involve(包括、使陷于)、keep、know、lack、last、like、love、need、owe(感激、把……归功于)、please、possess(拥有)、prefer、prove、realize、recognize、remember、require、satisfy(满足)、seat、see、smell、sound、suspect(怀疑、猜想)、think、understand、wish等。 *The box contains a necklace. 盒子里有一条项链。 *Your age doesn't matter. 你的年龄并不重要。 *It depends on the weather. 这要看天气如何。 *Jim resembles his father. 吉姆长得像他父亲。 *I guess that's the only solution. 我想那是唯一的解决办法。 *We own the house. 我们拥有这座房子。 *I don't deserve the honour. 我不配得到这个荣誉。 2．有些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。 *I declare this exhibition open. 我宣布展览会开幕。 *—It's a lovely place. ——这是一个令人喜欢的地方。 —I agree. ——我同意。 *I advise you to withdraw. 我劝你退出。 *I promise you that I will be there. 我答应你我会在那里。 *This, I admit, is my favourite activity. 我承认这是我最喜欢的活动。 *With this letter I enclose a photograph. 随信附上一张照片。 *I flatly refuse to do what you say. 我断然拒绝做你说的事。 *I regret my ignorance on the subject. 我对自己对这个课题的无知感到遗憾。 3．有少数动作动词表示极为短暂的动作，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个动作或“即将……”。 *John is nodding his head. 约翰频频点头。 *Why is she blinking her eyes? 她为什么老眨眼睛？ *The train is arriving. 火车即将到达。 *The old man is dying. 老人生命垂危。 4．动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。 *I'm being serious. 我是说正经的。 *I know I'm being selfish. 我知道我这样做是自私的。 *He is being terribly friendly to us. 他对我们极其友好。 [对点练习]——单句语法填空 (1)Hurry up！The train is leaving(leave) in five minutes. (2)When I saw her in the garden, she was smelling(smell) the roses. (3)I'm sorry.I didn't catch you.I was thinking(think) about my plan. (4)My husband has(have) several shirts of different colours. (5)—What are you doing now? —We are having(have) lunch.We have(have) lunch at about 12：00 every day. (6)Would you like to taste(taste) the food I have just cooked? 随堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·天津卷3月)We have done(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. 2．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 3．A Midsummer Night's Dream opens(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June and then tours throughout Scotland. 4．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running(run) out.We must act immediately before there's none left. 5．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)But that's how nature is—always leaving(leave) us astonished. 6．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business. 7．One study in America found that students' grades improved(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 8．I was coming(come) to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 9．—Alvin, are you coming with us? —I'd love to, but something unexpected has come(come) up. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我想知道你是否能告诉我更多关于这项活动的内容。 I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity. 2．听！有人在敲前门。 Listen！Someone is knocking at the front door． 3．知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到很自豪。 I feel very proud to know that you are interested in Chinese history. 4．霍华德不相信他为人真诚。 Howard does not believe in his honesty． 5．他正在看电视上的足球赛。 He is watching a football match on TV. 2． 写作一　读后续写——消除误会　重归于好 写作要求 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mo was waiting in the corridor outside her class.She was feeling sick.She had two exams that day and physics was first.She really hated physics.It was her worst subject.Terry looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly.Mo thought she looked guilty.She didn't have a problem with physics.She didn't have a problem with anything...Miss Perfect! “Hi，Mo，it's your favourite exam today，”said Nima，laughing as she joined the line.Terry was looking at Mo again.“So what's wrong with her？”asked Nima.“I thought you were friends.”“Yes，so did I，” said Mo.“But she hasn't spoken to me for two weeks now.She promised to help me review for the physics exam too，but then she's ignored all my calls and texts.And when I rang her house，her mum just told me she was busy.She's forgotten who her friends are！” said Mo angrily.“Are you listening to me？” Mr.Reed was talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room.Mo gave Nima a worried look and followed them. Mo couldn't answer question number five.She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of her.Mo couldn't believe it！Terry was holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it.Is that how Terry always got such good grades？She felt really angry at Terry，but she didn't know what to do.She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her？“Stop writing and put your pens down，” said Mr.Reed as he started to collect the exam papers.Oh no, Mo hadn't answered two of the questions.She was going to fail again! Mo wanted to talk to Terry at lunch time，but she couldn't find her anywhere.The next exam was history.That was Mo's favourite subject but she wasn't feeling good.Mo went to the library to study，but she couldn't concentrate.She didn't know what to do about Terry.She thought about telling the teacher，but everyone would hate her if she did that.“It wasn't fair！”she thought.“Terry was getting good grades by cheating all that time，” thought Mo.Just then，Mr.Reed walked past her table.“Mr.Reed.” Mo was sitting behind Terry again in the history exam that afternoon.Mo was feeling terrible.Why had she told Mr.Reed？But it was too late now.And anyway，Terry didn't want to be her friend！Mr.Reed wanted her to look at him and nod if she saw that Terry was cheating in the exam. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table.___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 审题谋篇 第一步：初读获取基本信息 1．故事要素 2．故事情节 莫(Mo)和特里(Terry)是好朋友。特里原本答应帮不擅长物理的莫辅导，但却未做到；考试时莫发现特里查看手机，内心纠结，最终还是把情况告诉了老师。 Beginning：Mo was waiting in the corridor outside her class.→Terry looked back at her from the front of the line.→Terry hadn't spoken to Mo for two weeks.→Terry promised to help Mo review for the physics exam.→Terry ignored all Mo's calls and texts.→Mo looked up and saw Terry holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it.→Mr.Reed asked students to stop writing.→Mo thought Terry cheated and reported to Mr.Reed.→Mr.Reed wanted Mo to look at him and nod if she saw that Terry was cheating in the exam.→Mo was working on the last question when Mo saw that Terry had her phone under the table.→Climax：？→Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.→Ending：？ 第二步：再读获取情节发展线索 续写逻辑梳理：细读两段续写的开头语，理顺续写段落的逻辑关系。 第一段： She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table. How did Mo feel? What did Mr.Reed do then? How did Mo feel at the time? 第二段： Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her. Who was behind her? Why didn't Terry help Mo review? Did they make up? 第三步：预测情节发展 第一段：根据提示句可构思本段细节——尽管莫感到不安，她还是看着里德老师点头致意。直到里德老师拍了拍特里的背部，特里才注意到里德老师。特里被要求马上离开，她一路哭着跑出了教室。莫非但没有感到放松，反而焦虑不安。她为把这事告诉了里德老师导致特里没有完成考试而感到很内疚。 第二段：根据提示句可构思本段细节——特里拦住了莫，向她解释没有帮她复习的原因。特里的爸爸这两周病得很重，而且今天做手术。特里很担心他，所以才看手机短信。特里请求莫原谅，莫立马答应。 第四步：列要点提纲，优化提升连接成文 第一段： 1．felt uneasy and restless 2．looked at Mr.Reed and nodded 3．patted on her back 4．was asked to leave 5．rushed out of the class 6．felt guilty 第二段： 1．felt embarrassed 2．stopped her and said 3．has been badly ill 4．had a significant operation 5．kept on reading the texts 6．forgave me 7．saw your father 第五步：检查誊写 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table.___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Mo was walking towards the school gate，when she heard footsteps behind her._____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table.Though feeling uneasy and restless，she looked at Mr.Reed and nodded.With her eyes glued to the phone, it wasn't until the teacher patted on her back that Terry noticed Mr.Reed.Immediately，Terry was asked to leave.Terry rushed out of the class，crying all the way.Instead of feeling relaxed, Mo had ants in her pants.She felt guilty for telling Mr.Reed about it，which had resulted in Terry's not finishing her exam. Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.She turned to find it was Terry who had just come out of the teacher's office.Feeling embarrassed，Terry stopped her and said，“Mo，I'm sorry I haven't kept my promise to help you review, but my father has been badly ill for two weeks.Today he had a significant operation.I was so worried about him that I kept on reading the texts on the phone sent by my mother to get the latest news about him，so Mr.Reed forgave me.Can you forgive me？”“Of course！Let's go to the hospital to see your father.” Mo couldn't wait to reply. 实战演练 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a nurse at the cancer care center where I've worked for seven years，I'll do almost anything to make patients feel better.But when I met Patty at the center, in 2011, she didn't want my help. She was a tiny 44­year­old single Mom battling an aggressive head and neck cancer.Unlike many of our other patients，Patty was alone during her treatment, but no matter what I did, I couldn't get her to open up.She just buried herself in books or pulled a blanket over her head to fend off conversation. Eventually I hit on a reliable way to make Patty smile：mentioning her nine­year­old son，Stephen.She'd tell me how well he did in school, how he'd been selected to read a poem he wrote at a local bookstore.She desperately wanted to live for him.With three kids myself, I totally understood how she felt. After a year and a half of treatment，in August, Patty was told her cancer had spread，and I learned she wouldn't live much longer.My first thought was，“What's going to happen to Stephen？” Nurses at the center shared stories at their meetings about how bright and unusual the boy was，but no one seemed to know how to resolve the issue of what would happen to him when his mom died.My husband，Michael，who also works at the center，started hearing about Patty and Stephen. One morning in October，Patty quietly slipped away.Michael and I picked Stephen up after school，drove him to a nearby park, and sat on a bench by a pond.I finally managed to say，“Stephen, we're sorry to have to tell you this, but your mom came to an end this morning.” The sound that came out of his mouth was like nothing I'd ever heard before.This skinny little guy sat between the two of us and just wailed (哀号) and wailed.It was as if his whole world was just destroyed. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Something inside me was telling me what to do.______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Finally, we took him home with us.________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Something inside me was telling me what to do. That night after dinner, I said to Michael，“Look, sweetheart, I know we have three kids to raise and we're not wealthy by any means, but...” Michael interrupted me，“I've been considering the same thing.I think we're supposed to take this kid.”Michael and I knew what adopting a kid would mean to us，but we were better aware Stephen needed a home and we were the only people to give him a new home. Finally, we took him home with us. All we could do was love him and pull him into the thick of our busy family life.We created a space with some of Patty's things where Stephen could go to feel close to her.We encouraged him to join a basketball team.We arranged playdates for him with our neighbors' children.The expression of pure joy on his face made all of us weep.All of this，we knew，was tough medicine for such a little boy.Recently，the students in Stephen's class had to write a poem that started with “Home is...”. He ended up writing the poem：Home is feeling cared for, loved, and protected. 写作二　续写微技能——健康生活方式改变一家人 Ⅰ 话题表达聚焦 Ⅱ 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子 (1)看见镜子中自己的样子，我真的厌倦了肥胖。(v.­ing作状语) Looking at my reflection in the mirror, I just got tired of being fat. (2)我似乎完全被我的体重定义了。(it seems/seemed as if...) It seemed as if I was completely defined by my weight. (3)我渴望和我的孩子们玩耍，并且成为那种能让他们感到骄傲的母亲。(long to do；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) I longed to play with my children and to be the kind of mother of whom they could be proud． (4)说服丈夫去相应地做出调整并没有花费太长时间。(it takes/took＋时间＋to do) It didn't take a long time to convince my husband to make adjustments accordingly. (5)自从开始探索更好的饮食方法后，我用新鲜的水果蔬菜代替了垃圾食品并且开始每天骑单车。(after＋v.­ing；replace...with...) After exploring better ways to eat, I replaced junk food with fresh fruits and vegetables and started to ride bicycles every day. (6)这当然很痛苦，但是随着时间的推移，我的努力初见成效。(with复合结构；pay off) It was absolutely painful, but with time going by, my hard work was beginning to pay off． (7)重量减轻了，我的女儿加入了我，成了我们队伍中最年轻的骑手。(独立主格结构；v.­ing作状语) The weight coming off, my daughter joined me, becoming the youngest rider in our group. 续　表 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： One day, looking at my reflection in the mirror, I just got tired of being fat. It seemed as if I was completely defined by my weight. I longed to play with my children and to be the kind of mother of whom they could be proud. It didn't take a long time to convince my husband to make adjustments accordingly. After exploring better ways to eat, I replaced junk food with fresh fruits and vegetables and started to ride bicycles every day. At first it was absolutely painful, but with time going by, my hard work was beginning to pay off. The weight coming off, my daughter joined me, becoming the youngest rider in our group. absorbing　adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 【搭配】(be) absorbed in... 被……吸引住；专心致志于…… 【联想】absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 submit　vt.呈送，提交，呈递；屈服 【搭配】submit...to... 向……提交…… 【联想】submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从 hunt for　寻找，猎取 【搭配】go hunting 去打猎 【联想】hunter n. 猎人 stare　vi.凝视，盯着看 【搭配】stare at　　　凝视 【联想】glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 blank　adj.空白的；不理解的，茫然的，没表情的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的　 n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格 【搭配】fill in/out the blanks 填空 【联想】　　　一片空白 make up one's mind　下定决心；决定 【搭配】change one's mind　　 　改变主意 【联想】come into one's mind 进入某人的脑海 long　vi.渴望，盼望 【搭配】long (for sb.) to do sth.　渴望(某人)做某事 【联想】long for (＝starve for＝be eager for) sth. 渴望某物 slip　v.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒；下降，退步；迅速放置，悄悄塞 n．滑倒；差错，疏漏；纸条 【搭配】slip away　　逃走；悄悄溜走 【联想】slip out of 悄悄溜出 wander　vi.& vt. 徘徊；闲逛；漫步于　vi.偏离(正道)；走失，离散；走神 n．游荡；闲逛；流浪 【搭配】wander in the street 在街上游荡 【联想】wander back to 回想到 stretch　vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长　 n．舒展；伸展 【搭配】stretch one's legs　　散散步，活动活动腿脚 【联想】stretch out 躺下 wave　n.海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 【搭配】wave goodbye to sb.　　向某人挥手告别 【联想】 向某人挥手 desperation　n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 【搭配】in desperation　　　　绝望地；不顾一切地 【联想】desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 ease　n.轻易，毫不费劲　 v．(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 【搭配】at ease　　　　放心；无拘无束 【联想】ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) preservation　n.维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 【搭配】preserve v.　　　　维护，保护，保存 n. 保护区 【联想】preserve...from... 保护……免受…… strike　vi. & vt.打，击，撞；(钟)敲；划(火柴)；侵袭；突然想到；突然发生不幸；打动，迷住　 n．罢工；打击 【搭配】It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… 【联想】be struck with/by...　 被……所袭击/感动 bounce　vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；上下晃动　 n．弹性；弹跳；活力 【搭配】bounce back　 恢复(健康或信心等)；重整旗鼓 【联想】bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 1.I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work. 我认为如果我们学生想了解尽可能多的伟大的文学作品，最好还是阅读原著。 2.Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically. 一些经典作品不但带给我们喜悦和兴奋，而且鼓励我们进行批判性地思考。 3.The literature books always reflect a country's history, so the students can know about the country's culture in the certain time, which will broaden their vision. 文学书籍总是反映出一个国家的历史，所以学生可以了解这个国家在特定时期的文化，而这些文化将拓展他们的视野。 4.The literature books always describe the characters to get over all kinds of difficulties and get successfully in the end. 文学书籍总是描述人物克服各种各样的困难，最终获得成功。 5.He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 他认为读原著比看由原著改编的电影更好。 6.The school library provides a variety of original works, hoping they will meet the needs of different students. 学校图书馆提供各类原著作品，希望它们能够满足不同学生的需求。 7.This time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.　 这次我要向你介绍唐诗，它对学习汉语有很大帮助。 8.Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.Books are the source of knowledge and power，from which I benefit a lot.　我对阅读的热爱一刻也不能停止，因为在我的生活中，书籍是良师，也是益友。书籍是知识和力量的源泉，我从中获益匪浅。 9.We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry. 我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美妙之处。 10.China, in its long history, has developed a variety of cultural forms, of which ancient poems are the most famous. 在悠久的历史中，中国发展了多种文化形式，其中以古诗最为著名。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 8 Literature Unit8 话题 文学与艺术 词汇 一词多义/熟词生义： folk; blank; strike; bounce; poison 动词： submit; stare; fetch; slip; wander; stretch; ease; comfort; forgive 形容词/副词： stimulating; absorbing; dramatic; subjective; historical; continuous; polished evidently 名词： fiction; poetry; adventure; mystery; crime; disbelief; registration; desperation; preservation; construction 短语 make up one’s mind in an attempt to take ...for granted for the sake of hunt for stare at hold on depend on now that 句型 1. It/This/That is/was the+序数词+time that... 2. where引导定语从句 3. Find+宾语+宾语补足语 4. so...that... 5. It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if... 6. Nor引起部分倒装 7. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 语法 状态动词和动作动词 写作 1. 消除误会重归于好 2. 健康生活方式改变一家人 考点1. absorbing　adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 [佳句]Absorbed in reading, these children didn't feel hungry at all. ＝Absorbing themselves in reading, these children didn't feel hungry at all. 这些孩子沉浸在阅读中，一点儿都不觉得饿。 【拓展】 (1)absorb v.　　　　　　 吸收；吸引(全部注意力)，使全神贯注；理解 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb oneself in　　　　　 全神贯注于 (2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 (be) absorbed in... 被……吸引住；专心致志于…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/写出下列句中absorb的含义 (1)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses— ________________(absorb) in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. (2)A good book can absorb our attention so completely that we forget our surroundings. (3)After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well. (4)I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me. 一句多译(五育并举之体育) 我沉浸在冰雪活动中好几天了，我已经爱上了滑雪，并且一有机会就坚持练习。 (5) I've fallen in love with skiing and keep practicing it whenever possible.(过去分词短语作状语) (6) I've fallen in love with skiing and keep practicing it whenever possible. (现在分词短语作状语) [联想发散] 与“be absorbed in...”类似的结构还有： (1)be lost in...　　 陷入……；专心致志于…… (2)be caught in... 被困在…… (3)be buried in... 埋头于…… (4)be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于…… 考点2. submit　vt.呈送，提交，呈递；屈服 [佳句]Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15.(应用文写作之通知) 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 【拓展】 (1)submit to　　　 　　 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to... 甘受……的摆布；服从于…… submit...to... 向……提交…… (2)submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)Dozens of enterprises (submit) their plans to reduce their carbon footprint in the past ten days. (2)In the past，I frequently submitted myself difficulties but now I can spare no effort to handle them. 完成句子(彰显中国元素) (3)我们将邀请一位著名的艺术家来教授国画技巧，之后许多学生将提交他们的作品并交流想法。 A famous artist will be invited to teach Chinese painting skills, after which many students ．(应用文写作之告知信) 考点3. hunt for　寻找，猎取 [佳句]Mary has been hunting for a job since she graduated from college. 自从大学毕业，玛丽一直在找工作。 【拓展】 (1)hunt vt.& vi.　　　 打猎；搜寻；追捕 n. 搜寻；打猎 (2)hunter n. 猎人 (3)hunting n. 狩猎运动；打猎 go hunting 去打猎 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Weather permitting, we'll go (hunt) this Sunday morning. (2)They are still hunting the missing girl, who disappeared last week after attending her friend's birthday party. (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market ____________(hunt). (4)他们放下手里的工作，开始寻找失踪的文件。 They put down what they were doing, ． 考点4. stare　vi.凝视，盯着看 [佳句]When watching horror movies, people would stare at the screen, holding their breaths and shaking with fear.(读后续写之心理描) 看恐怖电影时，人们会盯着屏幕，屏住呼吸，害怕得发抖。 【拓展】 (1)stare at　　　　　　　　 凝视 (2)glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 at a/first glance 乍一看；一看就…… give/take a glance at 粗略地看一下 (3)glare at 怒视，瞪着 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/同义替换 (1)A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared us. (2)Is the sentence structure simple and easy to understand a glance? (3)She glared him, her cheeks flushing. (4)He glanced at the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. →He the envelope and recognized his son's handwriting. 考点5. blank　adj.空白的；不理解的，茫然的，没表情的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的　 n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格 [佳句]Could you take a blank sheet of paper and write your name on it? 你能拿一张空白的纸把你的名字写在上面吗？ 【拓展】 　　　　　　　 一片空白 fill in/out the blanks 填空 【应用内化】 写出下列句中blank的词性及含义 (1)It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope. (2)Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about. (3)Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. 完成句子 (4)听到这个消息，我的脑子一片空白。 Hearing the news, my mind ． (5)我努力想他的名字，但我的脑子里完全是一片空白。 I am trying to think of his name, but my mind is ． [联想发散] blank用作形容词时，没有比较级。 考点6. make up one's mind　下定决心；决定 [佳句]Once he has made up his mind, nothing can change his mind. He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he achieves his goal.　 一旦他下定决心，什么都不能使他改变主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。 【拓展】 change one's mind　　 　 改变主意 come into one's mind 进入某人的脑海 fix one's mind on/upon 全神贯注于 flash through/cross one's mind 掠过心头；出现在脑海 【应用内化】 补全句子 (1)First of all, (记住) you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(应用文写作之建议信) (2)(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) Every time the memory of the Halloween ________________________(掠过心头), I laughed myself to death. (3)Suddenly a wonderful thought (出现在我的脑海里). 词汇升级 (4)Hearing my words, he finally decided to run and I urged him to go to the starting line. →(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Hearing my words, he finally to run and I urged him to go to the starting line. [联想发散] make up one's mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 考点7. long　vi.渴望，盼望 [佳句]We all long for sincere friendship in that it can deeply influence our lives. 我们都渴望真诚的友谊，因为它能对我们的生活产生深刻的影响。 【拓展】 long (for sb.) to do sth.　 渴望(某人)做某事 long for (＝starve for＝be eager for) sth. 渴望某物 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He (long) to attend a key university since he was a little boy. Now his dream has come true. (2)The university students longed (choose) as volunteers for this programme. (3)She longed him to ask her to dance at the party. (4)我们大多数人都渴望独立于父母，因为我们的独立表明我们已经长大了。 Most of us because our independence shows that we've grown up.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 考点8. slip　v.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒；下降，退步；迅速放置，悄悄塞 n．滑倒；差错，疏漏；纸条 [佳句]When he got out of the bathtub，he slipped and fell on the floor. 当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。 【拓展】 slip away　　　　　　 逃走；悄悄溜走 slip up 疏忽；不小心出差错 slip into 逐渐陷入 slip out of 悄悄溜出 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The old man slipped unconsciousness died the next day. (2)It was such a good chance.How could she let it slip (3)就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。 It was while his father was sleeping that the boy ．(读后续写之动作描写) 考点9. wander　vi.& vt. 徘徊；闲逛；漫步于　vi.偏离(正道)；走失，离散；走神 n．游荡；闲逛；流浪 [佳句]When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. 2004年，当我回到伦敦时，我发现自己徘徊在南岸，在那里待了几个小时。(2021·全国甲卷) 【拓展】 wander about/around　　　 闲逛；漫游 wander back to 回想到 wander over the world 周游世界 wander in the street 在街上游荡 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)On reaching the station，the passenger found someone in rags (wander) around the station. (2)Her thoughts wandered back her youth. (3)I wandered in the countryside and could feel the wind gently blowing through my hair. → I could feel the wind gently blowing through my hair.(分词短语作状语)(读后续写之场景描写) 考点10. stretch　vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长　 n．舒展；伸展 [佳句]The road stretches across the desert into the distance. 这条公路穿过沙漠一直延伸到远方。 【拓展】 stretch one's legs　　 散散步，活动活动腿脚 stretch out 躺下 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After hours on the long­distance bus, a few of the passengers got off the bus (stretch) their legs. (2)I'm so tired that I want to stretch for a few minutes. (3)我在广场处停下来，好好舒展了一下身体。 I stopped at the square and ． 考点11. wave　n.海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 [佳句]Seeing her friend coming out of the station，she gave her a wave excitedly.(读后续写之动作描写) 看到她的朋友走出车站，她兴奋地朝她挥手。 【拓展】 wave goodbye to sb.　　 向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手 wave...aside 挥手拒绝……，对……置之不理 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The mayor waved the crowd as he arrived at the performance. (2)He waved the objection and carried on. (3)当我向母亲挥手告别时，她哭了。 My mother was crying as I . 考点12. desperation　n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 [佳句]The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 那个在沙漠中迷路的人极其想喝水。 【拓展】 (1)in desperation　　　　 　 绝望地；不顾一切地 (2)desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事 in desperate need of 非常需要 (3)desperately adv. 极其，非常；绝望地 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He was desperate a job for he had been out of work for two years.(应用文写作之人物介绍) (2)These children (desperate) need help to solve their problems but they found no one to turn to. (3)After more than ten years of hard study, he was desperate (pass) the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university. (4)好几个月没下雨了，这个地区急需用水。 It hasn't rained for several months and this place is water. 考点13. ease　n.轻易，毫不费劲　v．(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 [佳句]Playing basketball serves as one of the best ways to ease our great study pressure. 打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法之一。 【拓展】 (1)at ease　　　　　　 放心；无拘无束 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 with ease 容易 (2)ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Knowing that the children were safe, his mind was ease. (2)I (ease) her mind by telling her that her skin was slightly swollen. (3)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的英语书面表达能力。 If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day, you can ．(应用文写作之建议信) 考点14. preservation　n.维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 [佳句]We should try our best to find various ways to preserve and spread the traditional culture of China.(应用文写作之倡议书) 我们应该努力找到各种方法来保护和传播中国传统文化。 【拓展】 (1)preserve v.　　　　　 维护，保护，保存 n. 保护区 preserve...from... 保护……免受…… be well preserved 保养/保护/保存良好 (2)preserver n. 保护人；维护者 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(聚焦社会热点) (1)With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River (preserve) for generations to come. (2)They will do their best to preserve the historic buildings from (destroy). (3)Not being exposed to sunlight accounts for the good (preserve) of the ancient painting. (4)成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。 The society was set up ．(应用文写作之倡议书) 考点15. strike　vi. & vt.打，击，撞；(钟)敲；划(火柴)；侵袭；突然想到；突然发生不幸；打动，迷住　n．罢工；打击 [佳句]It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. 我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) 【拓展】 (1)be struck with/by...　 被……所袭击/感动 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某个部位 (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 【应用内化】 写出下列句中strike的词性及含义/完成句子(倡导和谐人际关系) (1)I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. (2)In America, workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. (3)When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets, a stone struck him on the back, which made him very angry. (4)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar. (5)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. (读后续写之情感描写) 考点16. bounce　vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；上下晃动　n．弹性；弹跳；活力 [佳句]I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside. 我跑得太快了以至于撞到树干上被弹回来，屁股着地。(2020·浙江卷1月) 【拓展】 (1)bounce back　 恢复(健康或信心等)；重整旗鼓 bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 (2)on the bounce 连续；相继 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We lost two or three early games in the World Cup, but we bounced later. (2)All at once, the three children lit up, and began to bounce the room, laughing and chattering. (3)We've won six matches the bounce. (4)在被一所重点大学录取后，他走路特别有活力。 He was admitted to a key university and ． 考点17. evidently　adv.明显地，显然 [佳句]There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些类型癌症的可能性较小。 【拓展】 (1)evident adj.　　　　　　　 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显…… (2)evidence n. 证明；证据；证词 There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… 【应用内化】 语段填空/句式升级 (1)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body. (2) (evident), eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people. (3)Evidently, they achieve their movements not by accident but by design. → they achieve their movements not by accident but by design. 考点18. polished　adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的 [佳句]While studying in China, you always spent your free time in helping me polish up my oral English. 在中国学习期间，你总是用你的空闲时间来帮助我提高英语口语水平。 【拓展】 polish n.　　　　　　 上光剂；抛光；擦亮 vt. 修改；润色；抛光 polish up 擦亮；提高 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)The senior editor especially said that this article needed (polish). (2)Polish your writing skills on a one­week professional course. 考点19. aboard 　prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车) [佳句]According to the airline rules, we suggest you (should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding the plane. 根据航空公司的规定，我们建议你在登机前关掉手机。 【拓展】 (1)go aboard　　　　　　 上船(飞机、火车等) (2)board vt.& vi. 上(船或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) 　 n. 木板；董事会；伙食 on board 在船(飞机或火车)上 (3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的 (4)abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外 go abroad 出国 【应用内化】 补全句子 (1)He was tall (有宽阔的肩膀和胡子) and always (笑容满面)． (2)Learning that you will (去国外深造), I'm writing to inform you of some necessary do's and don'ts. 完成句子 (3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。 The instant they are eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(读后续写之动作描写) 考点20.comfort　vt.安慰，抚慰　n.舒适感，满足感 [佳句]To my comfort, as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me.(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写) 让我感到安慰的是，当我在他的床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。 【拓展】 (1)in comfort　　 　 　　　 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 (2)comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj.　　　　 舒服的；舒适的 comfortably adv. 舒适地 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Even if he was in trouble, he was still optimistic, which was a great comfort me. (2)You have done everything to make life (comfort), for which I appreciate a lot. (3)看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。 my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms ．(读后续写之动作描写) 考点21. influence　v.影响；对……起作用　 n.影响；作用；有影响力的人(物) [佳句]They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 他们可能会受到社会信仰的影响。(2021·全国甲卷) 【拓展】 (1)be influenced by　　　 　 受……的影响, (2)have an influence on... 对……起作用, (3)influential adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)Apparently，the old man (influence) by that incident. (2) their influence, he becomes greatly interested in stories of travel and adventure. (3)When discussing (influence) modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. (4)He was influenced by a friend, and took up painting.(应用文写作之人物介绍) → he took up painting.(分词短语作状语) 考点22. poison　n.毒药，毒素，毒物　 vt.毒害，毒杀；使中毒；污染 [佳句]These factories have poisoned the river with waste water. 这些工厂的废水污染了这条河流。 【拓展】 (1)poison one's mind with... 用……毒害某人的心灵 poison...with... 用……污染/伤害…… (2)poisonous adj. 有毒的，有害的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空 (1)Do you believe that watching too much TV (poison) the minds of children? (2)Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are (poison) to human beings.(应用文写作之环境保护) 考点23. forgive　vi.& vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕 [佳句]Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore. That's because I have an urgent thing to attend to.(应用文写作之道歉信) 请原谅我不能陪你去书店。那是因为我有急事要处理。 【拓展】 (1)forgive me　 　 　　　 请原谅；对不起 forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 (2)forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 (3)forgiveness n. 原谅 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Forgive yourself losing my bicycle, and I know you didn't mean to do this. (2)Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to beg for his (forgive) face to face. (读后续写之心理描写) (3)我写信向您道歉，希望您能原谅我的不礼貌的行为。 I'm writing to apologize to you, hoping you could ．(应用文写作之道歉信) 考点24. “It/This/That is/was the＋序数词＋time that...”意为“这/那是第……次……” (教材P109)Hello, this is the first time that I have come to this library. 你好，这是我第一次来这个图书馆。 [佳句]This is the first time that I have been away from my family for such a long time. 这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。 【拓展】 其他含有time的句型： (1)“There was a time when...”意为“曾经有一段时间……”； (2)“It/This/That is the＋序数词＋time that sb.＋have/has done...”意为“这/那是某人第……次做……”； (3)“It/This/That was the＋序数词＋time that sb.＋had done...”意为“这/那是某人第……次做……”； (4)“It is time that sb./sth.＋should do/did...”意为“到了某人该做……的时候了”。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)There was a time he learnt English well. (2)It is the first time that a private company (allow) to build a water recycling plant in this country. (3)It was a very special journey for me, for it was the first time that I (travel) by plane. (4)她曾经一度无法忍受病痛。 she could not bear the pain. (5)到了我该去学校接我女儿的时候了。 to school to pick up my daughter. 考点25. where引导定语从句 (教材P30)Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north­facing windows and low rents. 格林威治村是一个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。 [佳句]At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.(2021·天津卷3月) 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家们可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 【拓展】 (1)本句中where引导定语从句，where引导定语从句常常修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语； (2)where引导的定语从句还可修饰抽象地点名词，如point、stage、case、situation、condition、position、environment、activity、race、 job、 scene、 system等； (3)from where也可引导定语从句； (4)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语，则需用关系代词that或which 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月)A couple of years ago, film­maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point he was able to say “chocolate” into his three­year­old son's ear without getting a response. (3)他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 He gets into a situation ． 考点26. find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材P31)The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. 昨天早晨，看门人发现他痛苦无助地躺在床上。 [佳句]The old man found his hometown much changed. 这个老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。 【拓展】 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳： (1)find＋宾语＋ (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)(2021·浙江卷1月)When he woke up and found himself (lone), the 4­year­old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on. (2)(2020·天津卷7月)Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people (sit) there and engaging in active and joyful conversations. (3)We find harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information. (4)While I was working in the farm yard, it was very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun. → in the farm yard, under a hot sun.(状语从句的省略；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(应用文写作之活动介绍) 考点27. “so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” (教材P36)The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. 撞击如此猛烈以至于我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 [佳句]We've got so little time that we can't finish it before ten o'clock. 我们时间太少了，在10点前不能完成工作。 【拓展】 (1)so...that...句型的常见结构： (2)such...that...句型的常见结构： (3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)We did well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月满分作文)The exhibition displays wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. (3)The work consumed me so much that there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me. →(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写) there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me.(部分倒装) 考点28. “It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...”意为“(对某人来说)似乎……” (教材P36)It seemed to me as if a cry answered him.　我似乎听到有人回应他。 [佳句]It seemed as if the old teacher were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.　这位老教师仿佛要在最后这一堂课上把他的全部知识都教给我们。 【拓展】 (1)It seems/seemed that...＝Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式 (2)含seem的常用句型还有： 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译 (1)It seems difficult (learn) so many new words by heart in a short time. (2) (看起来有希望) that business will get better. (2020·浙江卷7月读后续写)他的嘴里似乎充满了血，而且他的眼睛因愤怒而发红。 (3) and his eyes were red with anger. (4) and his eyes were red with anger. 考点29. nor引起部分倒装 (教材P40)I couldn't say where I was, nor could I imagine. 我说不出我在哪里，也想象不出来。 [佳句]I didn't go swimming yesterday. Neither/Nor did Jack. 我昨天没去游泳，杰克也没去。 【拓展】 句中“nor could I imagine”是倒装句，为部分倒装。 (1)表示前面的否定情况也适用于后面时，常用“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构； (2)表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后面时，常用“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语” 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 (1)The most famous designers are Chinese， are the models, and are the consumers. (2)They couldn't find out the cause of the fire. could we. (3)如果他明天不去公园，我也不去。 If he doesn't go to the park tomorrow, ． (4)The parents were satisfied with the result and their son was satisfied too. →The parents were satisfied with the result, ．(部分倒装) 考点30. “介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 (教材P43)His travels were the basis for his works of more than 2，000 poems, of which approximately 1，800 are still read today. 他的旅行是他2 000多首诗的基础，其中约有 1 800 首至今仍在被阅读。 [佳句]Last Sunday the Labor Day was held, the purpose of which is to raise our awareness of the importance of labor.(应用文写作之新闻报道) ＝Last Sunday the Labor Day was held, whose purpose is to raise our awareness of the importance of labor.　上周日举行了劳动节，其目的是提高我们对劳动重要性的意识。 【拓展】 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。 (1)one/two/several/most/each/all/both of which/whom (2)the＋名词＋of which/whom 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)Due to lack of training, I failed to get the key point of my speech, for I wasn't well prepared. (2)There are several teachers standing at the school gate, one of is my English teacher. (3)The activity raises our awareness of caring about nature. Its aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection. →The activity, ______________________________________________________ , raises our awareness of caring about nature. →The activity, __________________________________________________________, raises our awareness of caring about nature. 一．语法精讲——状态动词和动作动词 观察句子 Adam Harper ①drinks a lot of coffee to stay up for study.Recently，Adam ②felt that drinking this much coffee was making it hard for him to sleep at all.He also ③suffered stomachaches.So he decided to stop drinking coffee.When Adam got up on October 3, he began his day without this morning coffee.By 11：00 a．m.，Adam was in a terrible condition. He was tired and ④had a headache. At 11：30, in the meeting with his student advisor, he found it impossible to concentrate.What was going on？ 我的领悟 1．加黑处 、 的动词描述动作行为，是表示 的动词。 2．加黑处 、 的动词描述状态，是表示 的动词。 语法知识精讲 在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，这类动词叫作动作动词；有些动词表示状态，这类动词叫作状态动词。动作动词可用于一般现在时态和进行时态，而状态动词一般不用于进行时态。 *He gets up at six every morning. 他每天早晨六点钟起床。(动作) *It seems that you are right. 你似乎是对的。(状态) 1．有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。 *He is having his breakfast. 他在吃早饭。(动作) *He has two elder brothers and a younger sister. 他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。(状态) *They are holding a meeting. 他们正在开会。(动作) *The barrel holds two gallons. 这个桶能装两加仑。(状态) *People are lying on the beach. 人们正躺在海滩上。(动作) *The city lies on the coast. 这座城市位于海滨。(状态) [联想发散] 常用的表示状态的动词有mean、seem、concern、hate、dislike、surprise、major(主修)、contain、hold、matter、depend、resemble(像、类似)、guess、suppose、imagine、own、deserve(应受、值得)、admire、appear、be、believe、consist、desire(期望、希望)、despair、doubt、envy、exist、feel、fit、forget、have、hear、hope、impress(留下印象)、include、involve(包括、使陷于)、keep、know、lack、last、like、love、need、owe(感激、把……归功于)、please、possess(拥有)、prefer、prove、realize、recognize、remember、require、satisfy(满足)、seat、see、smell、sound、suspect(怀疑、猜想)、think、understand、wish等。 *The box contains a necklace. 盒子里有一条项链。 *Your age doesn't matter. 你的年龄并不重要。 *It depends on the weather. 这要看天气如何。 *Jim resembles his father. 吉姆长得像他父亲。 *I guess that's the only solution. 我想那是唯一的解决办法。 *We own the house. 我们拥有这座房子。 *I don't deserve the honour. 我不配得到这个荣誉。 2．有些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。 *I declare this exhibition open. 我宣布展览会开幕。 *—It's a lovely place. ——这是一个令人喜欢的地方。 —I agree. ——我同意。 *I advise you to withdraw. 我劝你退出。 *I promise you that I will be there. 我答应你我会在那里。 *This, I admit, is my favourite activity. 我承认这是我最喜欢的活动。 *With this letter I enclose a photograph. 随信附上一张照片。 *I flatly refuse to do what you say. 我断然拒绝做你说的事。 *I regret my ignorance on the subject. 我对自己对这个课题的无知感到遗憾。 3．有少数动作动词表示极为短暂的动作，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个动作或“即将……”。 *John is nodding his head. 约翰频频点头。 *Why is she blinking her eyes? 她为什么老眨眼睛？ *The train is arriving. 火车即将到达。 *The old man is dying. 老人生命垂危。 4．动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。 *I'm being serious. 我是说正经的。 *I know I'm being selfish. 我知道我这样做是自私的。 *He is being terribly friendly to us. 他对我们极其友好。 [对点练习]——单句语法填空 (1)Hurry up！The train (leave) in five minutes. (2)When I saw her in the garden, she (smell) the roses. (3)I'm sorry.I didn't catch you.I (think) about my plan. (4)My husband (have) several shirts of different colours. (5)—What are you doing now? —We (have) lunch.We (have) lunch at about 12：00 every day. (6)Would you like (taste) the food I have just cooked? 随堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·天津卷3月)We (do) quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. 2．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 3．A Midsummer Night's Dream (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June and then tours throughout Scotland. 4．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area (run) out.We must act immediately before there's none left. 5．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)But that's how nature is—always (leave) us astonished. 6．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business. 7．One study in America found that students' grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 8．I (come) to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 9．—Alvin, are you coming with us? —I'd love to, but something unexpected (come) up. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我想知道你是否能告诉我更多关于这项活动的内容。 I this activity. 2．听！有人在敲前门。 Listen！Someone ． 3．知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到很自豪。 I Chinese history. 4．霍华德不相信他为人真诚。 Howard ． 5．他正在看电视上的足球赛。 He on TV. 2． 写作一　读后续写——消除误会　重归于好 写作要求 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mo was waiting in the corridor outside her class.She was feeling sick.She had two exams that day and physics was first.She really hated physics.It was her worst subject.Terry looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly.Mo thought she looked guilty.She didn't have a problem with physics.She didn't have a problem with anything...Miss Perfect! “Hi，Mo，it's your favourite exam today，”said Nima，laughing as she joined the line.Terry was looking at Mo again.“So what's wrong with her？”asked Nima.“I thought you were friends.”“Yes，so did I，” said Mo.“But she hasn't spoken to me for two weeks now.She promised to help me review for the physics exam too，but then she's ignored all my calls and texts.And when I rang her house，her mum just told me she was busy.She's forgotten who her friends are！” said Mo angrily.“Are you listening to me？” Mr.Reed was talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room.Mo gave Nima a worried look and followed them. Mo couldn't answer question number five.She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of her.Mo couldn't believe it！Terry was holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it.Is that how Terry always got such good grades？She felt really angry at Terry，but she didn't know what to do.She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her？“Stop writing and put your pens down，” said Mr.Reed as he started to collect the exam papers.Oh no, Mo hadn't answered two of the questions.She was going to fail again! Mo wanted to talk to Terry at lunch time，but she couldn't find her anywhere.The next exam was history.That was Mo's favourite subject but she wasn't feeling good.Mo went to the library to study，but she couldn't concentrate.She didn't know what to do about Terry.She thought about telling the teacher，but everyone would hate her if she did that.“It wasn't fair！”she thought.“Terry was getting good grades by cheating all that time，” thought Mo.Just then，Mr.Reed walked past her table.“Mr.Reed.” Mo was sitting behind Terry again in the history exam that afternoon.Mo was feeling terrible.Why had she told Mr.Reed？But it was too late now.And anyway，Terry didn't want to be her friend！Mr.Reed wanted her to look at him and nod if she saw that Terry was cheating in the exam. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table.___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 审题谋篇 第一步：初读获取基本信息 1．故事要素 2．故事情节 莫(Mo)和特里(Terry)是好朋友。特里原本答应帮不擅长物理的莫辅导，但却未做到；考试时莫发现特里查看手机，内心纠结，最终还是把情况告诉了老师。 Beginning：Mo was waiting in the corridor outside her class.→Terry looked back at her from the front of the line.→Terry hadn't spoken to Mo for two weeks.→Terry promised to help Mo review for the physics exam.→Terry ignored all Mo's calls and texts.→Mo looked up and saw Terry holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it.→Mr.Reed asked students to stop writing.→Mo thought Terry cheated and reported to Mr.Reed.→Mr.Reed wanted Mo to look at him and nod if she saw that Terry was cheating in the exam.→Mo was working on the last question when Mo saw that Terry had her phone under the table.→Climax：？→Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her.→Ending：？ 第二步：再读获取情节发展线索 续写逻辑梳理：细读两段续写的开头语，理顺续写段落的逻辑关系。 第一段： She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table. How did Mo feel? What did Mr.Reed do then? How did Mo feel at the time? 第二段： Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her. Who was behind her? Why didn't Terry help Mo review? Did they make up? 第三步：预测情节发展 第一段：根据提示句可构思本段细节——尽管莫感到不安，她还是看着里德老师点头致意。直到里德老师拍了拍特里的背部，特里才注意到里德老师。特里被要求马上离开，她一路哭着跑出了教室。莫非但没有感到放松，反而焦虑不安。她为把这事告诉了里德老师导致特里没有完成考试而感到很内疚。 第二段：根据提示句可构思本段细节——特里拦住了莫，向她解释没有帮她复习的原因。特里的爸爸这两周病得很重，而且今天做手术。特里很担心他，所以才看手机短信。特里请求莫原谅，莫立马答应。 第四步：列要点提纲，优化提升连接成文 第一段： 1．felt uneasy and restless 2．looked at Mr.Reed and nodded 3．patted on her back 4．was asked to leave 5．rushed out of the class 6．felt guilty 第二段： 1．felt embarrassed 2．stopped her and said 3．has been badly ill 4．had a significant operation 5．kept on reading the texts 6．forgave me 7．saw your father 第五步：检查誊写 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry had her phone under the table.___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Mo was walking towards the school gate，when she heard footsteps behind her._____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a nurse at the cancer care center where I've worked for seven years，I'll do almost anything to make patients feel better.But when I met Patty at the center, in 2011, she didn't want my help. She was a tiny 44­year­old single Mom battling an aggressive head and neck cancer.Unlike many of our other patients，Patty was alone during her treatment, but no matter what I did, I couldn't get her to open up.She just buried herself in books or pulled a blanket over her head to fend off conversation. Eventually I hit on a reliable way to make Patty smile：mentioning her nine­year­old son，Stephen.She'd tell me how well he did in school, how he'd been selected to read a poem he wrote at a local bookstore.She desperately wanted to live for him.With three kids myself, I totally understood how she felt. After a year and a half of treatment，in August, Patty was told her cancer had spread，and I learned she wouldn't live much longer.My first thought was，“What's going to happen to Stephen？” Nurses at the center shared stories at their meetings about how bright and unusual the boy was，but no one seemed to know how to resolve the issue of what would happen to him when his mom died.My husband，Michael，who also works at the center，started hearing about Patty and Stephen. One morning in October，Patty quietly slipped away.Michael and I picked Stephen up after school，drove him to a nearby park, and sat on a bench by a pond.I finally managed to say，“Stephen, we're sorry to have to tell you this, but your mom came to an end this morning.” The sound that came out of his mouth was like nothing I'd ever heard before.This skinny little guy sat between the two of us and just wailed (哀号) and wailed.It was as if his whole world was just destroyed. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Something inside me was telling me what to do.______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Finally, we took him home with us.________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 写作二　续写微技能——健康生活方式改变一家人 Ⅰ 话题表达聚焦 Ⅱ 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子 (1)看见镜子中自己的样子，我真的厌倦了肥胖。(v.­ing作状语) I just got tired of being fat. (2)我似乎完全被我的体重定义了。(it seems/seemed as if...) my weight. (3)我渴望和我的孩子们玩耍，并且成为那种能让他们感到骄傲的母亲。(long to do；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) I the kind of mother ． (4)说服丈夫去相应地做出调整并没有花费太长时间。(it takes/took＋时间＋to do) to make adjustments accordingly. (5)自从开始探索更好的饮食方法后，我用新鲜的水果蔬菜代替了垃圾食品并且开始每天骑单车。(after＋v.­ing；replace...with...) I and started to ride bicycles every day. (6)这当然很痛苦，但是随着时间的推移，我的努力初见成效。(with复合结构；pay off) It was absolutely painful, but my hard work ． (7)重量减轻了，我的女儿加入了我，成了我们队伍中最年轻的骑手。(独立主格结构；v.­ing作状语) my daughter joined me, in our group. 续　表 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ absorbing　adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 【搭配】(be) absorbed in... 被……吸引住；专心致志于…… 【联想】absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 submit　vt.呈送，提交，呈递；屈服 【搭配】submit...to... 向……提交…… 【联想】submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从 hunt for　寻找，猎取 【搭配】go hunting 去打猎 【联想】hunter n. 猎人 stare　vi.凝视，盯着看 【搭配】stare at　　　凝视 【联想】glance at 看一眼；瞥一眼 blank　adj.空白的；不理解的，茫然的，没表情的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的　 n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格 【搭配】fill in/out the blanks 填空 【联想】　　　一片空白 make up one's mind　下定决心；决定 【搭配】change one's mind　　 　改变主意 【联想】come into one's mind 进入某人的脑海 long　vi.渴望，盼望 【搭配】long (for sb.) to do sth.　渴望(某人)做某事 【联想】long for (＝starve for＝be eager for) sth. 渴望某物 slip　v.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒；下降，退步；迅速放置，悄悄塞 n．滑倒；差错，疏漏；纸条 【搭配】slip away　　逃走；悄悄溜走 【联想】slip out of 悄悄溜出 wander　vi.& vt. 徘徊；闲逛；漫步于　vi.偏离(正道)；走失，离散；走神 n．游荡；闲逛；流浪 【搭配】wander in the street 在街上游荡 【联想】wander back to 回想到 stretch　vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长　 n．舒展；伸展 【搭配】stretch one's legs　　散散步，活动活动腿脚 【联想】stretch out 躺下 wave　n.海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 【搭配】wave goodbye to sb.　　向某人挥手告别 【联想】 向某人挥手 desperation　n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 【搭配】in desperation　　　　绝望地；不顾一切地 【联想】desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 ease　n.轻易，毫不费劲　 v．(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 【搭配】at ease　　　　放心；无拘无束 【联想】ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) preservation　n.维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 【搭配】preserve v.　　　　维护，保护，保存 n. 保护区 【联想】preserve...from... 保护……免受…… strike　vi. & vt.打，击，撞；(钟)敲；划(火柴)；侵袭；突然想到；突然发生不幸；打动，迷住　 n．罢工；打击 【搭配】It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… 【联想】be struck with/by...　 被……所袭击/感动 bounce　vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；上下晃动　 n．弹性；弹跳；活力 【搭配】bounce back　 恢复(健康或信心等)；重整旗鼓 【联想】bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 1.I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work. 我认为如果我们学生想了解尽可能多的伟大的文学作品，最好还是阅读原著。 2.Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically. 一些经典作品不但带给我们喜悦和兴奋，而且鼓励我们进行批判性地思考。 3.The literature books always reflect a country's history, so the students can know about the country's culture in the certain time, which will broaden their vision. 文学书籍总是反映出一个国家的历史，所以学生可以了解这个国家在特定时期的文化，而这些文化将拓展他们的视野。 4.The literature books always describe the characters to get over all kinds of difficulties and get successfully in the end. 文学书籍总是描述人物克服各种各样的困难，最终获得成功。 5.He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 他认为读原著比看由原著改编的电影更好。 6.The school library provides a variety of original works, hoping they will meet the needs of different students. 学校图书馆提供各类原著作品，希望它们能够满足不同学生的需求。 7.This time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.　 这次我要向你介绍唐诗，它对学习汉语有很大帮助。 8.Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.Books are the source of knowledge and power，from which I benefit a lot.　我对阅读的热爱一刻也不能停止，因为在我的生活中，书籍是良师，也是益友。书籍是知识和力量的源泉，我从中获益匪浅。 9.We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry. 我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美妙之处。 10.China, in its long history, has developed a variety of cultural forms, of which ancient poems are the most famous. 在悠久的历史中，中国发展了多种文化形式，其中以古诗最为著名。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$