Unit7 Careers【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（北师大版选择性必修三）

Unit 7 Careers Unit7 话题 做人与做事 词汇 一词多义/熟词生义： credit; association; adjust; guarantee; occupation; column 动词： persuade; employ; determine; announce; predict; deserve; react; qualify 形容词/副词： reliable; financial; logical; elderly; motivated; relevant; multiple; essential; impressive; respectfully 名词： assistant; consultant; applicant; vision; profession; retirement; security; option 短语 follow in one’s footsteps get on well with keep up with in terms of be responsible for deal with rather than to sum up focus on 句型 1. It be+v.-ed+that 2. the+比较级..., the+比较级... 3. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义 4. What if...? 5. It is up to sb.to do sth. 6. 现在分词（短语）作状语 7. 状语从句的省略 语法 过去分词短语作状语 写作 1. 求职信 2. 无臂画家激发儿童艺术热情 考点1. assistant　n.助手，助理，副手 [佳句]To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 为了帮助学生们更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一些图书。 【拓展】 (1)assist vt.　　 　　　　 帮助；协助；援助 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 (2)assistance n. 帮助；协助 come to one's assistance　　　 帮助某人 with the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us with the group's work. (2)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school, I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant(assist). (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。 When the twins were worried that they couldn't succeed in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast, their father came to their assistance． [联想发散] 表达“帮助某人”的短语还有give sb. a hand、do sb. a favour等。 考点2. be responsible for...　对……负责 [佳句]We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions. 我们将对你的安全负责，你需要对你的行为负责。 【拓展】 responsibility n.　　　　　　 责任；职责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 take responsibility for... 对……负责 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)(2021·全国乙卷)Firstly, doing housework is helpful for us to be a responsible(responsibility) person. (2)Our school is trying to teach young people to develop a sense of responsibility(responsible). (3)You are in charge of the company, so you should take responsibility for(对……负责) what you said. 考点3. reliable　adj.可信赖的，可靠的 [佳句]She is a reliable girl.We get along well with each other all the time.　她是一个可靠的女孩。我们一直相处得很愉快。(应用文写作之人物介绍) 【拓展】 rely vt.　　　　　　　　 信任，信赖；依赖，依靠 rely on/upon＝depend on 依靠，依赖, rely on it that... 相信/依赖…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable(rely) person in the future. (2)Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on/upon their parents badly. (3)与其求人，不如求己。 It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 考点4. persuade　vt.说服，劝服；使相信 [佳句]I managed to persuade David into participating in the competition, for he had practiced so hard for it.　我设法说服大卫参加比赛，因为他为此已经很努力训练过了。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写) 【拓展】 (3)persuade sb. of sth.　 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. that... 使某人相信…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep(keep) smiling. (2)The children did everything they could to persuade the family of the plan's benefits. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。 (3)I managed to persuade him to approve of my plan to sell popcorn from door to door. (4)I managed to persuade him into approving of my plan to sell popcorn from door to door. [联想发散] “说服某人做某事”的表达还有talk sb. into doing sth、convince sb.to do sth.等。 考点5. impressive　adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的 [佳句]My father impressed me with the value of hard work, which has been benefiting me over years. 父亲让我牢记努力工作的价值，这一点多年来一直使我受益。(读后续写之主旨升华) 【拓展】 (1)impression n.　　 印象；感想 make/leave a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 (2)impress vt.　 　　　　 使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目 使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with...　　　 对……印象深刻 【应用内化】 语段填空/单句语法填空 (1)Learning that it is important to make a strong impression in the job interview, Mary spent a whole month preparing her interview carefully, with the hope of impressing the manager. Luckily, she received the offer because the manager of the company was impressed by her excellent behavior.(impress) (2)(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)And your speech on Irish literature and social development that day made a deep impression(impress) on me. 完成句子(五育并举之美育) (3)(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)给我印象最深的是爱尔兰的民间舞蹈和歌曲，这绝对是艺术节的亮点之一。 What impressed me most was Irish folk dances and songs, which were definitely one of the highlights of the art festival.(应用文写作之节日介绍) 考点6. employ　vt.& n．雇用 [佳句]The children should be taught how to employ their spare time properly. 孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。 【拓展】 (1)employ sb. as...　 　 雇用某人为…… employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth.＝be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事；从事于某事 (2)employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 employment n. 职业；工作 unemployment n. 失业 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/语段填空 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)My life as a tax­paying employed(employ) person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. (2)The employment rate has increased recently. The reason is that a lot of companies want to employ enough workers. Also, employers offer higher pay to the qualified employees．(employ) 句式升级 (3)He was employed in playing his smartphone, so he didn't notice what was happening. →Employing himself in playing his smartphone, he didn't notice what was happening.(现在分词短语作状语) →Employed in playing his smartphone, he didn't notice what was happening.(过去分词短语作状语) 考点7. determine　vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定；下决心 [佳句]And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.(2021·全国甲卷) 我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。 【拓展】 (1)determined adj.　　 　　 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 (2)determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine sb.to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决心(做)某事 determine that... 决定…… (3)determination n. 决心，决定 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)People of the whole area fought against the earthquake with courage and determination(determine). (2)I am determined(determine) to make use of my spare time to do exercise. (3)No matter what happens, she has determined to tell(tell) the truth. (4)He left his hometown, determined(determine) to lead a meaningful life. (5)(2021·浙江卷1月)不幸的是，在取出它们的瓜瓤之前，我们忘了称重，但我决心证明我的观点。 Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point．(读后续写之心理描写) 考点8. predict　vt.预言，预料，预测 [佳句]They predicted many students to sign up for the dance competition so they made full preparations for it. 他们预计很多学生会来报名参加舞蹈比赛，因此他们做好了充分的准备。 【拓展】 (1)predict doing...　　　　　 　 预言做…… It is predicted that... 据预测…… (2)prediction n. 预测，预报 make a prediction that... 做出预测…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)I predicted their getting(get) into trouble, so I got them ready in advance. (2)People predict that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century. →It is predicted that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.(it作形式主语) →People make a prediction that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.(prediction) 考点9. adjust　vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节 [佳句]I'm writing to tell you that we have to make a few adjustments to our travelling plan. 我写信是想告诉你我们必须对旅行计划做一些调整。(应用文写作之告知信) 【拓展】 (1)adjust...to...　　　 调整……以适应…… adjust (oneself) to... 使(自己)适应于…… (2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……做出调整 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Knowing that you have some difficulty adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips.(应用文写作之建议信) (2)Some schools will make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. (3)作为一名交换生，我花了很长时间去适应新的环境。 As an exchange student, it took me a long time to adjust (myself) to the new surroundings． 考点10. in terms of...　就……来说；从……方面来讲 [佳句]Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, which we think will benefit us in the long term. 我们的老师督促我们养成良好的学习习惯，我们认为从长远来看这将对我们有益。 【拓展】 (1)come to terms with 向……让步；与……达成协议，和好 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好 (2)in the long term/run　　 从长远来看 in the short term/run 从短期来看 【应用内化】 用term的相关短语填空/完成句子(科技进步与创新) (1)Teachers should judge their students in terms of their overall performance at school instead of their academic grades. Those who are good at study but aren't on good terms with other students should be taught how to get along with their peers, which will be of benefit to them in the long term． (2)(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)从学习方法方面来说，在线学习是一种灵活的方式，我们可以随时随地获得知识。 In terms of learning methods, learning online is a flexible way that we can have access to knowledge whenever and wherever possible.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 考点11. announce　vt. 宣布，宣告，公布 [佳句]It is announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 据宣布，只有大火得到控制居民才被允许返回家园。 【拓展】 (1)announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.　 向某人宣告某事 It is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通告 make an announcement 发布通告 (3)announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition to us. (2)At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements(announce) on your social media. 老师向学生们宣布明天不上课。 (4)The teacher announced to the students that there would be no school tomorrow.(announce vt.) (5)The teacher made an announcement to the students that there would be no school tomorrow.(announcement n．) 考点12. react　vi.(作出)反应；回应 [佳句]People's reaction to the film has varied greatly. 人们对这部影片的反应大不一样。 【拓展】 (1)react to sb./sth.　　　 对某人/某事物作出反应 react with... 与……起(化学)反应 react against 反对，反抗，反叛 (2)reaction n. 反应；感应 reaction to... 对……的反应 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. (2)Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. (3)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' reaction(react) was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. (4)汤姆真的有点儿担心，因为他不知道父母对他糟糕的考试成绩会是什么反应。 Tom was really a bit worried because he had no idea what his parents' reaction would be to his poor examination result．(读后续写之心理描写) 考点13. guarantee　n.保证；保证书；保修单 vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；保证，担保 [佳句]As for preparation, reading some Chinese novels in advance will guarantee to make you adapt to the Chinese language environment.　至于准备工作，提前阅读一些中文小说会确保让你融入汉语的环境中。(应用文写作之建议信) 【拓展】 (1)guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保…… guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 (2)give sb. a guarantee (that)... 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Such a tasty breakfast was guaranteed to make(make) their mom joyful on Mother's Day. (2)My watch is still under guarantee, so they will repair it free of charge. (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)我向你保证一旦你读了这份英文报《青年》你会爱上它。 I give you a guarantee that you will be fond of it once you read the English newspaper Youth. (应用文写作之投稿) 考点14. to sum up　总(而言)之 [佳句]I worked for three whole weeks for which I received the very low sum of $100. 我工作了整整3周，却只得到了可怜巴巴的100美元。 【拓展】 (1)sum to　　　　　 共计 sum up 总结；概括 (2)a large/small sum of money 一大笔/少量的钱 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(倡导健康生活) (1)The speech you referred to just now summed up the present situation of economy. (2)At the start of this year, foreigners living in Beijing summed to 4.56 million. (3)总之，为了身体健康，你必须经常锻炼并停止熬夜。 To sum up, for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop staying up.(应用文写作之建议信) 考点15. motivated　adj.积极的，主动的 [佳句]While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被对成功的渴望驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。(应用文写作之发言稿) 【拓展】 (1)motivate v.　　　　　　　 激励；成为……的动机；激发 motivate sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by... 被……激动/驱动 (2)motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 motivation for (doing) sth. (做)某事的动机 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We should motivate children to read(read) more books in their spare time. (2)You will feel motivated(motivate) if you work on a hot issue and get a lot of attention and responses. (3)(2021·天津卷3月)I felt bored. No energy, no motivation(motivate) and zero fulfilment. (4)表扬和批评是保持学生积极性的一个好方法。 Praise as well as criticism is a good way to keep students motivated．(应用文写作之建议信) 考点16. relevant　adj.有关的，切题的，有意义的 [佳句]He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information. 在看到全部相关资料之前，他拒绝评论。 【拓展】 (1)be relevant to...　　　 和……有关 (2)relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 relevance n. 相关性；关联 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local customs. (2)As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change relevantly(relevant) when altitude rises. (3)当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验将会有帮助。 Having some relevant experience will be helpful when you apply for the job.(应用文写作之建议信) 考点17. occupation　n.工作，职业；占领 [佳句]In my spare time, I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。 【拓展】 (1)occupy vt.　　　　　 占据；占用；占领 occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (2)be occupied in doing sth.　 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 keep sb./oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 【应用内化】 语段填空/句式升级 (1)Teaching occupies almost all her life. Some­times, she is so occupied in working that she has no time for relaxation. With education occupying her mind, she cares less what is not related to her occupation．(occupy) (2)She is fully occupied with her work, so she spares no time for a holiday. →She is so fully occupied with her work that she spares no time for a holiday.(结果状语从句) →Fully occupied with her work, she spares no time for a holiday.(分词短语作状语) 考点18. qualify　vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；(使)合格；取得资格，达到标准 [佳句]I have a large amount of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. 我有大量处理大数据的经验。我认为我能胜任这里的会计一职。(2023·全国乙卷) 【拓展】 (1)qualify for...　　 　 有……资格/取得……的 参赛资格 qualify sb.to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 qualify as 取得……资格；作为……合适 (2)qualified adj. 有资格的，称职的 be qualified for/to do sth. 有资格做某事 (3)qualification n. 技能条件，资格 the qualification for/to do sth. 做某事的资格 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(个人发展与提升) (1)The course qualifies you to operate(operate) this kind of machines in any area of the country. (2)He is qualified to drive(drive) a truck, because he has had his driving qualification(qualify) for 5 years. (3)我参加过几个类似的活动，这会使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。 I have taken part in several similar activities, which will qualify me for the voluntary work．(应用文写作之申请信) 考点19. essential　adj.完全必要的；极其重要的；最基本的 [佳句]It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent back as early as possible. 有必要把这些申请表尽早寄回。 【拓展】 be essential to...　　 对……是不可缺少的 It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的 It is essential that...(should) do sth. 做某事是必不可少的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(五育并举之智育) (1)Sun and water is essential to the growth of crops. (2)It is essential for high－new technology companies to strengthen(strengthen) competitive power. (3)(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)所以在我看来，阅读英语书籍是必要的，尤其是英语名著。 So in my opinion, it's essential to read English books, especially English classics.(应用文写作之英语学习) 考点20. applicant　n.申请人 [佳句]All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. 所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。(2021·天津卷3月)(应用文写作之招聘广告) 【拓展】 (1)apply v.　 　　 申请；应用；适用；涂抹 apply for 申请 apply...to... 把……应用到…… apply one's mind/oneself to... 致力于……，专心于…… (2)application n. 申请；申请书；适用 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2021·浙江卷6月)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. (2)Every time I see him, he is always applying himself(he) to his work. (3)我写信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。 I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer．(应用文写作之申请信) [联想发散] (1)表示“适用于做某事”用“apply to doing sth.”；表示“申请做某事”用“apply to do sth.”； (2)application意为“申请书”时，如果表示什么样的申请书，后面用介词for，而不用介词of。 This is my application for a job. 这是我的求职申请书。 考点21. committed　adj.忠于职守的；坚信的；尽心尽力的；坚定的 [佳句]My new neighbours are very committed to solving my problems. 我的新邻居尽心尽力地帮我解决问题。 【拓展】 (1)be committed to (doing)... 对……忠诚；致力于(做)…… (2)commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于(某个人、机构等)； 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己承诺/保证(做)某事； 专心致志(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 忠诚；奉献；承诺 have/make a commitment　 做出承诺 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)The old man is committed to taking(take) care of the poor children. (2)(2021·天津卷3月)But such commitment(commit) can also weaken a sense of freedom. (3)As she was committed to the project, she seldom played with her child. →Committed to the project, she seldom played with her child.(过去分词短语作状语) 考点22. respectfully　adv.有礼貌地，恭敬地 [佳句]Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. 当老师走进教室时，学生们恭敬地站了起来。 【拓展】 (1) respect n.　　　　　　 　 尊敬；尊重；方面 　 vt. 尊敬；尊重；遵守 have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 (2)respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的；体面的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)China is developing very rapidly in all respects(respect) and we're all proud of our motherland. (2)She is respected for her kindness and broad knowledge. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There are many respectable(respect) people around me. (4)在中国，我们认为尊敬长辈是很重要的。 In China, we attach great importance to respecting/having/showing respect for the elderly．(应用文写作之礼仪) 考点23. equal　n.同等的人；相等物；平等的人　adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt.比得上；敌得过 [佳句]I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。(应用文写作之申请信) 【拓展】 (1)be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事 (2)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过 (3)without/have no equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等；相等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；同样地 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)From my point of view, Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball. (2)(2022·全国乙卷)Long­lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally(equal) contact and share with one another. (3)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 Firstly, nobody can equal me in oral English. So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文写作之申请信) [联想发散] “胜任”的其他表达有be up to、be fit for、be qualified for。 考点24. focus on　专注于；关注，聚焦于 [佳句]Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp, I became the focus of attention of those who viewed the video posted online. 头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了在网上观看视频的那些人关注的焦点。(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) 【拓展】 (1)focus vi.& vt.　　 集中(注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 focus one's attention/eyes/energy on... 集中注意力于…… (2)the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(倡导健康生活) (1)(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写)Knowing my strengths and weaknesses, I decided to focus on the task of working with the subjects. (2)With so many people focusing(focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. (3)深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。 Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing (your attention) on what brings you stress, and you will fall asleep soon.(应用文写作之建议信) [联想发散] 表示“集中注意力于……”的常用短语还有：concentrate on、pay attention to、center on。 考点25. “It be＋v.­ed＋that...”结构 (教材P9)It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 人们普遍认为，情商高的人容易接受新思想，而且对待生活的态度是积极乐观的。 【拓展】 (1)It is hoped that...　　　　　 人们希望…… It is said that... 据说…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known (to all) that... 众所周知…… (2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式： ①Sb./Sth.＋be＋believed/said/thought/reported to do sth.(hope除外)； ②People/Sb.＋believe/say/think/report/...＋that...(动词有时态和数的变化) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)He is thought to have acted(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. (2)It is hoped that(人们希望) with our joint efforts the Chinese Dream will come true soon. (3)It is reported that(据报道) many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. 人们相信音乐节不仅有趣而且有意义。 (4)It is believed that the music festival will be not only interesting but also meaningful. (5)People believe that the music festival will be not only interesting but also meaningful. 考点26. “be as＋adj., if not＋比较级＋than...”结构 (教材P9)Altogether, the results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ. 总之，一系列研究表明，情商即使不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同等重要。 【拓展】 (1)“be as＋adj., if not＋比较级＋than...”意为“即使不比……，至少也和……一样……”。句中“if not more important than IQ”是状语从句的省略，完整句为if it is not more important than IQ； (2)在if、while、when、until、unless、once等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中有系动词时，或从句的主语为it，谓语部分有系动词时，则可省略从句的主语和系动词。 【应用内化】 完成句子/句型转换 (1)别人没有跟你讲话，你就不要开口。 Don't speak until spoken to．(省略) (2)She picked up some French while she was studying in France. →She picked up some French while studying in France．(省略) (3)If it is possible, he will help you out of difficulty. →If possible, he will help you out of difficulty.(省略) 考点27. “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……” (教材P9)A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the better. 要做到这些的话，高情商必不可少——越高越好。 【拓展】 (1)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型中的两个the的后面都必须跟形容词或副词的比较级形式； (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow、get、become等。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The more you practise, the better(well) you can understand. (2)The harder(hard) you work, the greater progress you will make. (3)她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心也跳得厉害。 The more she thought about it, the more frightened she felt, her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.(读后续写之心理描写) 考点28. “have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难” (教材P107)I'm leaving school soon, and I am having difficulty choosing a university course that will lead to a good job in the future. 我马上就要离开学校了，我很难选择一门将来能找到一份好工作的大学课程。 【拓展】 (1)have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time (in) doing...　做某事有困难 (2)have difficulty/trouble/problems with... 在……有困难 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换(倡导和谐人际关系) (1)You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm. (2)In spite of my good marks in English, I still have a little trouble with my oral English. (3)I'm such a shy girl that it is a little difficult for me to exchange ideas with my new classmates. →I'm such a shy girl that I have a little trouble/difficulty (in) exchanging ideas with my new classmates． 考点29. “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 (教材P108)I couldn't agree with you more. 我再同意你的意见不过了。 【拓展】 本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。 “否定词＋比较级”实际上表达的是最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有not、never、nothing、nobody、little、no、hardly等。 与此句含义相同的其他表示方法还有： (1)can't/couldn't...＋too＋adj./adv. 无论……都不为过 (2)can't/couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋enough 无论……都不为过/都不过分 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better(good) voice. (2)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier(happy) than I was. (3)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —I've never had a(n) more pleasant(pleasant) one before. (4)You can't be too patient with your sick mother. →You can't be patient enough with your sick mother. (5)I have found this picnic is the most interesting. →I have never found a(n) more interesting picnic than this one. 考点30. “What if...？”意为“如果……会怎样？” (教材P15)What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field？　 假如你在这个领域工作了十年后，工作消失了怎么办？ 【拓展】 (1)“What if...？”意为“如果……会怎样？”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。 (2)How come...? 　　 ……怎么会这样？ How/What about...? ……怎么样？ So what？　　　　 那又怎样？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？ 【应用内化】 完成句子(五育并举之德育) 杰夫小声说道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？”珍娜双眼闪烁着兴奋的光芒回答道：“要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”杰夫回答道：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为妈妈做点事情了。” Jeff whispered，“What/How about preparing a tasty breakfast for our mother？” Jenna responded with her eyes glittering with excitement, “What if we fail？” Jeff replied, “So what? At least we have spared no effort to do something for our mother.” 一．语法精讲——过去分词(短语)作状语 观察句子 ①Attracted by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper, Jack decided to do something for the surroundings of his own.First, he took up cycling to save resources. Then he called on people to save grains, because he found it hard to tolerate wasting in daily life.After that, ②guided by an expert, he had his previous plan ③adjusted and tried to make a switch. ④United with a group of people who had the same interest with him, he made an effort to handle the ⑤polluted river.Though ⑥rejected sometimes, he never gave up.⑦Supported by many citizens, he was optimistic about the future of his city. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、②、④、⑥、⑦为过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 2．加黑处③为过去分词(短语)在句中作宾语补足语。 3．加黑处⑤为过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。 语法知识精讲 一、过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 过去分词(v.­ed)是分词的一种。及物动词的过去分词(短语)既表示被动也表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)只表示完成，不表示被动。 *Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句。 1．过去分词(短语)作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 *Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词(短语)作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 *Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 3．过去分词(短语)作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 *Given more time(＝If they were given more time), they would be able to do better. 如果给他们更多的时间，他们会干得更出色。 *Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就会变成蒸汽。 4．过去分词(短语)作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 *Left(＝Although he was left) alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点也不害怕。 5．过去分词(短语)作结果状语，可以转换为并列分句。 *The cup fell down to the ground, broken.＝(The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.)　茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。 6．过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语，句子可转换为并列分句。 *Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. (＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 [联想发散] (1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、although、even if、until、unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 *Even if invited(＝Even if I'm invited)，I won't take part in the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会。 (2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。常见的这样的过去分词及短语有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 *Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 *Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful. 穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。 二、过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 *Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 *The boy slipped out of the room, followed by his pet dog.(方式状语) 这个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。 三、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语时的区别 过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 *Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 *Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 [联想发散] 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用­ing，被动用­ed。 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 *If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) *If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) *If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√) [对点练习]——单句语法填空 (1)The old man lay on the beach at ease, exposed(expose) to the sun. (2)Admitted(admit) into a key university, the girl was very excited and burst into tears. (3)Not knowing(know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. (4)The case shocked the public, causing(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet. (5)Inspired(inspire) by Mr. Chen's speech, they decided to study science harder. (6)When asked(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (7)Based(base) on a true story, the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. (8)First celebrated(celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. (9)Discussed/Having been discussed(discuss) for many times, the problems were settled at last. 随堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Broken(break) down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police. 2．Compared(compare) with you, I still have a long way to go. 3．The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded(wound) in the head. 4．Exactly speaking(speak), he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 5．The woman sitting there under the tree, dressed(dress) in a blue shirt, is our headmaster. 6．Encouraged(encourage) by the progress he has made, he works harder. 7．Satisfied(satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 8．Explained(explain) a hundred times, he still can't understand it. 9．Asked(ask) why she was late, Wendy went red in the face. 10．Considering(consider) he was just a little boy, we didn't punish him. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我们沐浴在农场的阳光下，欢呼雀跃着。 Bathed in the sunshine on the farm, we jumped and cheered with joy. 2．如果他有空，他肯定会来。 Provided (that) he is free, he is sure to come. 3．受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。 Blamed by the teacher, the boy was in low spirits. 4．由于专心于科学研究，他没有时间放松。 Absorbed in his science research, he has no time to relax. 5．因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 6．从月亮上看时，地球是蓝色的。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks blue. 7．从他的口音来判断，他是湖南人。 Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan. 8．考虑到时间不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题。 Considering it was late, we didn't discuss the question. 9．由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员不得不退出了比赛。 Injured in the accident, the player had to drop out of the match. 10．如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作。 Given a few more minutes, I'll finish the whole work. 2． 写作一　应用文写作——求职信 典题呈现 假定你是李华，25岁，安徽大学英语系毕业，口语流利，曾当过三年英语导游，对英文秘书工作很感兴趣，看到了报纸上某公司英文秘书的招聘广告，于是想去该公司应聘。请根据个人情况写一封求职信。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．看到报纸上贵公司的招聘广告，我希望能在贵公司任英文秘书一职。 I have read your advertisement in the newspaper, and I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company． 2．另外，我可以熟练地操作计算机，并且一分钟可以打100个单词。(be skilled at...) What's more, I am skilled at operating the computer and I can type 100 words per minute． 3．我有三年的英语导游经验，如果有机会为贵公司服务，本人对一般事务必能胜任。 I have three years' English tour guide experience, and I could make myself generally useful, if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services. 第三步：句式升级造亮点 4．用现在分词短语作状语改写第二步中的句1 Having read your advertisement in the newspaper, I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company. 5．用形容词短语作状语改写第二步中的句2 What's more, skilled at operating the computer, I can type 100 words per minute. 6．用介词短语作状语改写第二步中的句3 With three years' English tour guide experience, I could make myself generally useful, if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services. 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Sir/Madam， Having read your advertisement in the newspaper, I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company. My name is Li Hua, a healthy boy of 25.I graduated from the English Department of Anhui University.I can speak fluent English and can write in English as well as read all kinds of articles in English.What's more, skilled at operating the computer, I can type 100 words per minute. With three years' English tour guide experience, I could make myself generally useful, if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services. I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your consideration. Yours， Li Hua [实战演练] 假定你是李华，你从《中国日报》上看到一则广告，招聘办公室职员，你想申请这份工作。下面是你的基本情况，请根据此情况写一则80词左右的求职信。 李华：28岁，毕业于河南大学，之后在联想电脑公司工作过三年，其中的后两年担任办公室秘书，联系电话：1398811××××， e­mail: lihua6688@ yahoo.com.cn。 参考词汇：《中国日报》(China Daily)；办公室职员(office clerk)；联想电脑公司(Lenovo Computer Company) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Sir/Madam， I read your advertisement in the China Daily for an office clerk.Please allow me to apply for the position. My name is Li Hua.I am 28 years old. After graduating from Henan University, I worked for three years at Lenovo Computer Company.During the last two years I have worked as an office secretary.So I have a wide knowledge of business and I am experienced in office work.If you are interested in my application, please give me the opportunity of a personal interview.My telephone number is 1398811××××， and my e­mail address is lihua6688@ yahoo.com.cn. Thank you. Yours， Li Hua 写作二　续写微技能——无臂画家激发儿童艺术热情 Ⅰ 话题表达聚焦 Ⅱ 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子 (1)罗西·乔恩是一名出生时就没有双臂的画家，但是她从来没有让她的残疾阻碍她发挥创造力。(who引导定语从句；stop...from...) Rosie Jon was a painter who was born without arms but she never let her disability stop her from being creative． (2)蓝色曾经是罗西最喜欢的颜色之一，因为蓝色能让她想起无边无际的天空和大海。(because 引导原因状语从句；remind sb. of sth.；where 引导定语从句) Blue had been one of Rosie's favorite colors because it reminded her of the sky and the sea where there were no limits． 续　表 (3)她被邀请去教幼儿园的孩子们，他们起初对她指指点点。(who引导定语从句) She was invited to teach preschool kids, who at first stared and pointed at her． (4)她鼓起所有的勇气，开始认真教他们用自己的脚趾画画。(v.­ing 作状语；get down to doing) Gathering up all her courage, she got down to teaching them to paint with their own toes. (5)在那个创作的过程中，到处充满着快乐，以至于孩子们开始忽略她身体上的不同。(there be句型；so...that...) In that creative process, there was so much joy everywhere that the children began to ignore her physical difference. (6)是她色彩纷呈的画作所传递的积极态度和希望激励了这些孩子。(强调句型) It was the positive attitude and hope conveyed by her colorful painting that inspired the kids. (7)罗西很兴奋(可以)看到每个孩子欣赏画作并分享他们的感受。(see sb. doing) Rosie was excited to see every kid appreciating the paintings and sharing their feelings． (8)她下定决心在未来贡献出自己的时间去引领孩子们进入迷人的艺术世界。(make up one's mind to do；不定式作目的状语) She made up her mind to donate her time in the future to guide the children into the fascinating world of art． 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： Rosie Jon was a painter who was born without arms but she never let her disability stop her from being creative. Blue had been one of Rosie's favorite colors because it reminded her of the sky and the sea where there were no limits. Once, she was invited to teach preschool kids, who at first stared and pointed at her. Then, gathering up all her courage, she got down to teaching them to paint with their own toes. In that creative process, there was so much joy everywhere that the children began to ignore her physical difference. It was the positive attitude and hope conveyed by her colorful painting that inspired the kids. Rosie was excited to see every kid appreciating the paintings and sharing their feelings. From then on, she made up her mind to donate her time in the future to guide the children into the fascinating world of art. assistant　n.助手，助理，副手 【搭配】 帮助某人做某事 【联想】)assist vt.　帮助；协助；援助 be responsible for...　对……负责 【搭配】take responsibility for... 对……负责 【联想】responsibility n.　　　　　责任；职责 reliable　adj.可信赖的，可靠的 【搭配】rely on＝depend on 依靠，依赖, 【联想】rely vt.　　　　　信任，信赖；依赖，依靠 persuade　vt.说服，劝服；使相信 【搭配】 【联想】persuade sb. of sth.　使某人相信某事 impressive　adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的 【搭配】make/leave a(n)...impression on sb.给某人留下一个……的印象 【联想】impression n.　　印象；感想 employ　vt.& n．雇用 【搭配】employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 【联想】employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 determine　vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定；下决心 【搭配】be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 【联想】determination n. 决心，决定 predict　vt.预言，预料，预测 【搭配】It is predicted that... 据预测…… 【联想】prediction n. 预测，预报 adjust　vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节 【搭配】adjust...to...　　　调整……以适应…… 【联想】adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 in terms of...　就……来说；从……方面来讲 【搭配】in the long term/run　　从长远来看 in the short term/run 从短期来看 announce　vt. 宣布，宣告，公布 【搭配】It is announced that... 据宣布…… 【联想】announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通告 react　vi.(作出)反应；回应 【搭配】react to sb./sth.　　对某人/某事物作出反应 【联想】reaction n. 反应；感应 guarantee　n.保证；保证书；保修单 vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；保证，担保 【搭配】guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保…… to sum up　总(而言)之 【搭配】sum to　共计 sum up 总结；概括 motivated　adj.积极的，主动的 【搭配】be motivated by... 被……激动/驱动 【联想】motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 relevant　adj.有关的，切题的，有意义的 【搭配】be relevant to...　　　和……有关 【联想】relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 1.I would like to do some volunteer work for the exhibition, so I am writing to apply for the position as a volunteer. 我想为展览做一些志愿工作，所以写信来申请志愿者职位。 2.Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然年轻，但我已经知道我想要从事什么样的事业。 3. Communication—the human connection—is the key to personal and career success.　 沟通——人际关系——是个人和事业成功的关键。 4.I will work heart and soul for my country to the day I draw my last breath. 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。 5.By working faithfully 8 hours a day, you may eventually get to be boss and work 12 hours a day. 通过每天忠诚地工作8小时，你最终可能会成为老板，然后每天工作12小时。 6.Those who know it are not as those who love it; those who love it are not as those who find their joy in it.　知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。 7.Having learned English for years, I have a good command of spoken and written English, as well as computer. 我学习英语很多年了，精通英语口语、书面语和电脑。 8.I'd appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity. I'm looking forward to your early reply.　如果你给我这个机会我将感激不尽，盼望你早日答复。 9.Though having lost his job, he adopted a positive attitude to life. 尽管失去了工作，但他仍用积极的态度对待生活。 10.Not having finished his job, the chief editor had to work overtime. 因为没有完成工作，主编只得加班。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 7 Careers Unit7 话题 做人与做事 词汇 一词多义/熟词生义： credit; association; adjust; guarantee; occupation; column 动词： persuade; employ; determine; announce; predict; deserve; react; qualify 形容词/副词： reliable; financial; logical; elderly; motivated; relevant; multiple; essential; impressive; respectfully 名词： assistant; consultant; applicant; vision; profession; retirement; security; option 短语 follow in one’s footsteps get on well with keep up with in terms of be responsible for deal with rather than to sum up focus on 句型 1. It be+v.-ed+that 2. the+比较级..., the+比较级... 3. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义 4. What if...? 5. It is up to sb.to do sth. 6. 现在分词（短语）作状语 7. 状语从句的省略 语法 过去分词短语作状语 写作 1. 求职信 2. 无臂画家激发儿童艺术热情 考点1. assistant　n.助手，助理，副手 [佳句]To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 为了帮助学生们更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一些图书。 【拓展】 (1)assist vt.　　 　　　　 帮助；协助；援助 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 (2)assistance n. 帮助；协助 come to one's assistance　　　 帮助某人 with the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us the group's work. (2)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school, I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching (assist). (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。 When the twins were worried that they couldn't succeed in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast, their father ． [联想发散] 表达“帮助某人”的短语还有give sb. a hand、do sb. a favour等。 考点2. be responsible for...　对……负责 [佳句]We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions. 我们将对你的安全负责，你需要对你的行为负责。 【拓展】 responsibility n.　　　　　　 责任；职责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 take responsibility for... 对……负责 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)(2021·全国乙卷)Firstly, doing housework is helpful for us to be a _________________ (responsibility) person. (2)Our school is trying to teach young people to develop a sense of ________________ (responsible). (3)You are in charge of the company, so you should (对……负责) what you said. 考点3. reliable　adj.可信赖的，可靠的 [佳句]She is a reliable girl.We get along well with each other all the time.　她是一个可靠的女孩。我们一直相处得很愉快。(应用文写作之人物介绍) 【拓展】 rely vt.　　　　　　　　 信任，信赖；依赖，依靠 rely on/upon＝depend on 依靠，依赖, rely on it that... 相信/依赖…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a (rely) person in the future. (2)Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely their parents badly. (3)与其求人，不如求己。 It would be better to than on others. 考点4. persuade　vt.说服，劝服；使相信 [佳句]I managed to persuade David into participating in the competition, for he had practiced so hard for it.　我设法说服大卫参加比赛，因为他为此已经很努力训练过了。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写) 【拓展】 (3)persuade sb. of sth.　 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. that... 使某人相信…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them (keep) smiling. (2)The children did everything they could to persuade the family the plan's benefits. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。 (3)I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door. (4)I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door. [联想发散] “说服某人做某事”的表达还有talk sb. into doing sth、convince sb.to do sth.等。 考点5. impressive　adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的 [佳句]My father impressed me with the value of hard work, which has been benefiting me over years. 父亲让我牢记努力工作的价值，这一点多年来一直使我受益。(读后续写之主旨升华) 【拓展】 (1)impression n.　　 印象；感想 make/leave a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 (2)impress vt.　 　　　　 使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目 使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with...　　　 对……印象深刻 【应用内化】 语段填空/单句语法填空 (1)Learning that it is important to make a strong in the job interview, Mary spent a whole month preparing her interview carefully, with the hope of the manager. Luckily, she received the offer because the manager of the company was by her excellent behavior.(impress) (2)(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)And your speech on Irish literature and social development that day made a deep (impress) on me. 完成句子(五育并举之美育) (3)(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)给我印象最深的是爱尔兰的民间舞蹈和歌曲，这绝对是艺术节的亮点之一。 Irish folk dances and songs, which were definitely one of the highlights of the art festival.(应用文写作之节日介绍) 考点6. employ　vt.& n．雇用 [佳句]The children should be taught how to employ their spare time properly. 孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。 【拓展】 (1)employ sb. as...　 　 雇用某人为…… employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth.＝be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事；从事于某事 (2)employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 employment n. 职业；工作 unemployment n. 失业 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/语段填空 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)My life as a tax­paying (employ) person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. (2)The rate has increased recently. The reason is that a lot of companies want enough workers. Also, offer higher pay to the qualified ．(employ) 句式升级 (3)He was employed in playing his smartphone, so he didn't notice what was happening. → he didn't notice what was happening.(现在分词短语作状语) → he didn't notice what was happening.(过去分词短语作状语) 考点7. determine　vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定；下决心 [佳句]And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.(2021·全国甲卷) 我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。 【拓展】 (1)determined adj.　　 　　 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 (2)determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine sb.to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决心(做)某事 determine that... 决定…… (3)determination n. 决心，决定 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)People of the whole area fought against the earthquake with courage and ____________________(determine). (2)I am (determine) to make use of my spare time to do exercise. (3)No matter what happens, she has determined (tell) the truth. (4)He left his hometown, (determine) to lead a meaningful life. (5)(2021·浙江卷1月)不幸的是，在取出它们的瓜瓤之前，我们忘了称重，但我决心证明我的观点。 Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I ．(读后续写之心理描写) 考点8. predict　vt.预言，预料，预测 [佳句]They predicted many students to sign up for the dance competition so they made full preparations for it. 他们预计很多学生会来报名参加舞蹈比赛，因此他们做好了充分的准备。 【拓展】 (1)predict doing...　　　　　 　 预言做…… It is predicted that... 据预测…… (2)prediction n. 预测，预报 make a prediction that... 做出预测…… 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)I predicted their (get) into trouble, so I got them ready in advance. (2)People predict that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century. → there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.(it作形式主语) → there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.(prediction) 考点9. adjust　vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节 [佳句]I'm writing to tell you that we have to make a few adjustments to our travelling plan. 我写信是想告诉你我们必须对旅行计划做一些调整。(应用文写作之告知信) 【拓展】 (1)adjust...to...　　　 调整……以适应…… adjust (oneself) to... 使(自己)适应于…… (2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……做出调整 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Knowing that you have some difficulty adjusting yourself the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips.(应用文写作之建议信) (2)Some schools will make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. (3)作为一名交换生，我花了很长时间去适应新的环境。 As an exchange student, ． 考点10. in terms of...　就……来说；从……方面来讲 [佳句]Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, which we think will benefit us in the long term. 我们的老师督促我们养成良好的学习习惯，我们认为从长远来看这将对我们有益。 【拓展】 (1)come to terms with 向……让步；与……达成协议，和好 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好 (2)in the long term/run　　 从长远来看 in the short term/run 从短期来看 【应用内化】 用term的相关短语填空/完成句子(科技进步与创新) (1)Teachers should judge their students their overall performance at school instead of their academic grades. Those who are good at study but aren't other students should be taught how to get along with their peers, which will be of benefit to them ． (2)(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)从学习方法方面来说，在线学习是一种灵活的方式，我们可以随时随地获得知识。 learning online is a flexible way that we can have access to knowledge whenever and wherever possible.(应用文写作之演讲稿) 考点11. announce　vt. 宣布，宣告，公布 [佳句]It is announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 据宣布，只有大火得到控制居民才被允许返回家园。 【拓展】 (1)announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.　 向某人宣告某事 It is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通告 make an announcement 发布通告 (3)announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition us. (2)At the end of the meeting, was announced that an agreement had been reached. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library (announce) on your social media. 老师向学生们宣布明天不上课。 (4)The teacher that there would be no school tomorrow.(announce vt.) (5)The teacher that there would be no school tomorrow.(announcement n．) 考点12. react　vi.(作出)反应；回应 [佳句]People's reaction to the film has varied greatly. 人们对这部影片的反应大不一样。 【拓展】 (1)react to sb./sth.　　　 对某人/某事物作出反应 react with... 与……起(化学)反应 react against 反对，反抗，反叛 (2)reaction n. 反应；感应 reaction to... 对……的反应 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Reacting body language is an important component of being a teacher. (2)Children tend to react their parents by going against their wishes. (3)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' (react) was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. (4)汤姆真的有点儿担心，因为他不知道父母对他糟糕的考试成绩会是什么反应。 Tom was really a bit worried because he had no idea ．(读后续写之心理描写) 考点13. guarantee　n.保证；保证书；保修单 vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；保证，担保 [佳句]As for preparation, reading some Chinese novels in advance will guarantee to make you adapt to the Chinese language environment.　至于准备工作，提前阅读一些中文小说会确保让你融入汉语的环境中。(应用文写作之建议信) 【拓展】 (1)guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保…… guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 (2)give sb. a guarantee (that)... 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Such a tasty breakfast was guaranteed (make) their mom joyful on Mother's Day. (2)My watch is still guarantee, so they will repair it free of charge. (3)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)我向你保证一旦你读了这份英文报《青年》你会爱上它。 once you read the English newspaper Youth. (应用文写作之投稿) 考点14. to sum up　总(而言)之 [佳句]I worked for three whole weeks for which I received the very low sum of $100. 我工作了整整3周，却只得到了可怜巴巴的100美元。 【拓展】 (1)sum to　　　　　 共计 sum up 总结；概括 (2)a large/small sum of money 一大笔/少量的钱 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(倡导健康生活) (1)The speech you referred to just now summed the present situation of economy. (2)At the start of this year, foreigners living in Beijing summed 4.56 million. (3)总之，为了身体健康，你必须经常锻炼并停止熬夜。 for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop staying up.(应用文写作之建议信) 考点15. motivated　adj.积极的，主动的 [佳句]While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被对成功的渴望驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。(应用文写作之发言稿) 【拓展】 (1)motivate v.　　　　　　　 激励；成为……的动机；激发 motivate sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by... 被……激动/驱动 (2)motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 motivation for (doing) sth. (做)某事的动机 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We should motivate children (read) more books in their spare time. (2)You will feel (motivate) if you work on a hot issue and get a lot of attention and responses. (3)(2021·天津卷3月)I felt bored. No energy, no (motivate) and zero fulfilment. (4)表扬和批评是保持学生积极性的一个好方法。 Praise as well as criticism is a good way to ．(应用文写作之建议信) 考点16. relevant　adj.有关的，切题的，有意义的 [佳句]He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information. 在看到全部相关资料之前，他拒绝评论。 【拓展】 (1)be relevant to...　　　 和……有关 (2)relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 relevance n. 相关性；关联 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant the local customs. (2)As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change ________________(relevant) when altitude rises. (3)当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验将会有帮助。 when you apply for the job.(应用文写作之建议信) 考点17. occupation　n.工作，职业；占领 [佳句]In my spare time, I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。 【拓展】 (1)occupy vt.　　　　　 占据；占用；占领 occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (2)be occupied in doing sth.　 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 keep sb./oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 【应用内化】 语段填空/句式升级 (1)Teaching almost all her life. Some­times, she is so in working that she has no time for relaxation. With education her mind, she cares less what is not related to her ．(occupy) (2)She is fully occupied with her work, so she spares no time for a holiday. → she spares no time for a holiday.(结果状语从句) → she spares no time for a holiday.(分词短语作状语) 考点18. qualify　vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；(使)合格；取得资格，达到标准 [佳句]I have a large amount of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. 我有大量处理大数据的经验。我认为我能胜任这里的会计一职。(2023·全国乙卷) 【拓展】 (1)qualify for...　　 　 有……资格/取得……的 参赛资格 qualify sb.to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 qualify as 取得……资格；作为……合适 (2)qualified adj. 有资格的，称职的 be qualified for/to do sth. 有资格做某事 (3)qualification n. 技能条件，资格 the qualification for/to do sth. 做某事的资格 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(个人发展与提升) (1)The course qualifies you (operate) this kind of machines in any area of the country. (2)He is qualified (drive) a truck, because he has had his driving (qualify) for 5 years. (3)我参加过几个类似的活动，这会使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。 I have taken part in several similar activities, ．(应用文写作之申请信) 考点19. essential　adj.完全必要的；极其重要的；最基本的 [佳句]It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent back as early as possible. 有必要把这些申请表尽早寄回。 【拓展】 be essential to...　　 对……是不可缺少的 It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的 It is essential that...(should) do sth. 做某事是必不可少的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(五育并举之智育) (1)Sun and water is essential the growth of crops. (2)It is essential for high－new technology companies (strengthen) competitive power. (3)(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)所以在我看来，阅读英语书籍是必要的，尤其是英语名著。 So in my opinion, especially English classics.(应用文写作之英语学习) 考点20. applicant　n.申请人 [佳句]All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. 所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。(2021·天津卷3月)(应用文写作之招聘广告) 【拓展】 (1)apply v.　 　　 申请；应用；适用；涂抹 apply for 申请 apply...to... 把……应用到…… apply one's mind/oneself to... 致力于……，专心于…… (2)application n. 申请；申请书；适用 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2021·浙江卷6月)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training new faces in the testing stage. (2)Every time I see him, he is always applying (he) to his work. (3)我写信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。 I'm writing to ．(应用文写作之申请信) [联想发散] (1)表示“适用于做某事”用“apply to doing sth.”；表示“申请做某事”用“apply to do sth.”； (2)application意为“申请书”时，如果表示什么样的申请书，后面用介词for，而不用介词of。 This is my application for a job. 这是我的求职申请书。 考点21. committed　adj.忠于职守的；坚信的；尽心尽力的；坚定的 [佳句]My new neighbours are very committed to solving my problems. 我的新邻居尽心尽力地帮我解决问题。 【拓展】 (1)be committed to (doing)... 对……忠诚；致力于(做)…… (2)commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于(某个人、机构等)； 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己承诺/保证(做)某事； 专心致志(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 忠诚；奉献；承诺 have/make a commitment　 做出承诺 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)The old man is committed to (take) care of the poor children. (2)(2021·天津卷3月)But such (commit) can also weaken a sense of freedom. (3)As she was committed to the project, she seldom played with her child. → she seldom played with her child.(过去分词短语作状语) 考点22. respectfully　adv.有礼貌地，恭敬地 [佳句]Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. 当老师走进教室时，学生们恭敬地站了起来。 【拓展】 (1) respect n.　　　　　　 　 尊敬；尊重；方面 　 vt. 尊敬；尊重；遵守 have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 (2)respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的；体面的 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)China is developing very rapidly in all (respect) and we're all proud of our motherland. (2)She is respected her kindness and broad knowledge. (3)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There are many (respect) people around me. (4)在中国，我们认为尊敬长辈是很重要的。 In China, we attach great importance ．(应用文写作之礼仪) 考点23. equal　n.同等的人；相等物；平等的人　adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt.比得上；敌得过 [佳句]I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。(应用文写作之申请信) 【拓展】 (1)be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事 (2)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过 (3)without/have no equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等；相等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；同样地 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)From my point of view, Michael Jordan is equal in playing basketball. (2)(2022·全国乙卷)Long­lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides __________(equal) contact and share with one another. (3)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 Firstly, nobody can . So I hold the firm belief that as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文写作之申请信) [联想发散] “胜任”的其他表达有be up to、be fit for、be qualified for。 考点24. focus on　专注于；关注，聚焦于 [佳句]Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp, I became the focus of attention of those who viewed the video posted online. 头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了在网上观看视频的那些人关注的焦点。(2021·浙江卷1月读后续写) 【拓展】 (1)focus vi.& vt.　　 集中(注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 focus one's attention/eyes/energy on... 集中注意力于…… (2)the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子(倡导健康生活) (1)(2022·浙江卷1月读后续写)Knowing my strengths and weaknesses, I decided to focus ___the task of working with the subjects. (2)With so many people (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. (3)深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。 Take a deep breath and relax yourself _____________________________________and you will fall asleep soon.(应用文写作之建议信) [联想发散] 表示“集中注意力于……”的常用短语还有：concentrate on、pay attention to、center on。 考点25. “It be＋v.­ed＋that...”结构 (教材P9)It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 人们普遍认为，情商高的人容易接受新思想，而且对待生活的态度是积极乐观的。 【拓展】 (1)It is hoped that...　　　　　 人们希望…… It is said that... 据说…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known (to all) that... 众所周知…… (2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式： ①Sb./Sth.＋be＋believed/said/thought/reported to do sth.(hope除外)； ②People/Sb.＋believe/say/think/report/...＋that...(动词有时态和数的变化) 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)He is thought (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. (2) (人们希望) with our joint efforts the Chinese Dream will come true soon. (3) (据报道) many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. 人们相信音乐节不仅有趣而且有意义。 (4) the music festival will be not only interesting but also meaningful. (5) the music festival will be not only interesting but also meaningful. 考点26. “be as＋adj., if not＋比较级＋than...”结构 (教材P9)Altogether, the results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ. 总之，一系列研究表明，情商即使不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同等重要。 【拓展】 (1)“be as＋adj., if not＋比较级＋than...”意为“即使不比……，至少也和……一样……”。句中“if not more important than IQ”是状语从句的省略，完整句为if it is not more important than IQ； (2)在if、while、when、until、unless、once等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中有系动词时，或从句的主语为it，谓语部分有系动词时，则可省略从句的主语和系动词。 【应用内化】 完成句子/句型转换 (1)别人没有跟你讲话，你就不要开口。 Don't speak ．(省略) (2)She picked up some French while she was studying in France. →She picked up some French ．(省略) (3)If it is possible, he will help you out of difficulty. → he will help you out of difficulty.(省略) 考点27. “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……” (教材P9)A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the better. 要做到这些的话，高情商必不可少——越高越好。 【拓展】 (1)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型中的两个the的后面都必须跟形容词或副词的比较级形式； (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow、get、become等。 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The more you practise, the (well) you can understand. (2)The (hard) you work, the greater progress you will make. (3)她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心也跳得厉害。 her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.(读后续写之心理描写) 考点28. “have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难” (教材P107)I'm leaving school soon, and I am having difficulty choosing a university course that will lead to a good job in the future. 我马上就要离开学校了，我很难选择一门将来能找到一份好工作的大学课程。 【拓展】 (1)have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time (in) doing...　做某事有困难 (2)have difficulty/trouble/problems with... 在……有困难 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换(倡导和谐人际关系) (1)You can't imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm. (2)In spite of my good marks in English, I still have a little trouble my oral English. (3)I'm such a shy girl that it is a little difficult for me to exchange ideas with my new classmates. →I'm such a shy girl that ． 考点29. “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 (教材P108)I couldn't agree with you more. 我再同意你的意见不过了。 【拓展】 本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。 “否定词＋比较级”实际上表达的是最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有not、never、nothing、nobody、little、no、hardly等。 与此句含义相同的其他表示方法还有： (1)can't/couldn't...＋too＋adj./adv. 无论……都不为过 (2)can't/couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋enough 无论……都不为过/都不过分 【应用内化】 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a (good) voice. (2)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was (happy) than I was. (3)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —I've never had a(n) (pleasant) one before. (4)You can't be too patient with your sick mother. →You can't your sick mother. (5)I have found this picnic is the most interesting. →I have found a(n) picnic than this one. 考点30. “What if...？”意为“如果……会怎样？” (教材P15)What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field？　 假如你在这个领域工作了十年后，工作消失了怎么办？ 【拓展】 (1)“What if...？”意为“如果……会怎样？”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。 (2)How come...? 　　 ……怎么会这样？ How/What about...? ……怎么样？ So what？　　　　 那又怎样？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？ 【应用内化】 完成句子(五育并举之德育) 杰夫小声说道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？”珍娜双眼闪烁着兴奋的光芒回答道：“要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”杰夫回答道：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为妈妈做点事情了。” Jeff whispered，“ preparing a tasty breakfast for our mother？” Jenna responded with her eyes glittering with excitement, “ we fail？” Jeff replied, “ At least we have spared no effort to do something for our mother.” 一．语法精讲——过去分词(短语)作状语 观察句子 ①Attracted by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper, Jack decided to do something for the surroundings of his own.First, he took up cycling to save resources. Then he called on people to save grains, because he found it hard to tolerate wasting in daily life.After that, ②guided by an expert, he had his previous plan ③adjusted and tried to make a switch. ④United with a group of people who had the same interest with him, he made an effort to handle the ⑤polluted river.Though ⑥rejected sometimes, he never gave up.⑦Supported by many citizens, he was optimistic about the future of his city. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①、②、④、⑥、⑦为过去分词(短语)在句中作 ，和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的 关系，或称为 关系。 2．加黑处③为过去分词(短语)在句中作 。 3．加黑处⑤为过去分词(短语)在句中作 。 语法知识精讲 一、过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 过去分词(v.­ed)是分词的一种。及物动词的过去分词(短语)既表示被动也表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)只表示完成，不表示被动。 *Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句。 1．过去分词(短语)作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 *Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词(短语)作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 *Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 3．过去分词(短语)作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 *Given more time(＝If they were given more time), they would be able to do better. 如果给他们更多的时间，他们会干得更出色。 *Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就会变成蒸汽。 4．过去分词(短语)作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 *Left(＝Although he was left) alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点也不害怕。 5．过去分词(短语)作结果状语，可以转换为并列分句。 *The cup fell down to the ground, broken.＝(The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.)　茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。 6．过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语，句子可转换为并列分句。 *Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. (＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 [联想发散] (1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、although、even if、until、unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 *Even if invited(＝Even if I'm invited)，I won't take part in the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会。 (2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。常见的这样的过去分词及短语有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 *Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 *Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful. 穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。 二、过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 *Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 *The boy slipped out of the room, followed by his pet dog.(方式状语) 这个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。 三、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语时的区别 过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 *Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 *Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 [联想发散] 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用­ing，被动用­ed。 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 *If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) *If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) *If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√) [对点练习]——单句语法填空 (1)The old man lay on the beach at ease, (expose) to the sun. (2) (admit) into a key university, the girl was very excited and burst into tears. (3)Not (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. (4)The case shocked the public, (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet. (5) (inspire) by Mr. Chen's speech, they decided to study science harder. (6)When (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (7) (base) on a true story, the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. (8)First (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. (9) (discuss) for many times, the problems were settled at last. 随堂练习 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． (break) down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police. 2． (compare) with you, I still have a long way to go. 3．The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, (wound) in the head. 4．Exactly (speak), he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 5．The woman sitting there under the tree, (dress) in a blue shirt, is our headmaster. 6． (encourage) by the progress he has made, he works harder. 7． (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 8． (explain) a hundred times, he still can't understand it. 9． (ask) why she was late, Wendy went red in the face. 10． (consider) he was just a little boy, we didn't punish him. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我们沐浴在农场的阳光下，欢呼雀跃着。 , we jumped and cheered with joy. 2．如果他有空，他肯定会来。 , he is sure to come. 3．受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。 , the boy was in low spirits. 4．由于专心于科学研究，他没有时间放松。 , he has no time to relax. 5．因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 , he was all wet. 6．从月亮上看时，地球是蓝色的。 , the earth looks blue. 7．从他的口音来判断，他是湖南人。 , he is from Hunan. 8．考虑到时间不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题。 , we didn't discuss the question. 9．由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员不得不退出了比赛。 , the player had to drop out of the match. 10．如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作。 , I'll finish the whole work. 2． 写作一　应用文写作——求职信 典题呈现 假定你是李华，25岁，安徽大学英语系毕业，口语流利，曾当过三年英语导游，对英文秘书工作很感兴趣，看到了报纸上某公司英文秘书的招聘广告，于是想去该公司应聘。请根据个人情况写一封求职信。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．看到报纸上贵公司的招聘广告，我希望能在贵公司任英文秘书一职。 I have read your advertisement in the newspaper, ． 2．另外，我可以熟练地操作计算机，并且一分钟可以打100个单词。(be skilled at...) What's more, ． 3．我有三年的英语导游经验，如果有机会为贵公司服务，本人对一般事务必能胜任。 , if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services. 第三步：句式升级造亮点 4．用现在分词短语作状语改写第二步中的句1 5．用形容词短语作状语改写第二步中的句2 6．用介词短语作状语改写第二步中的句3 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [实战演练] 假定你是李华，你从《中国日报》上看到一则广告，招聘办公室职员，你想申请这份工作。下面是你的基本情况，请根据此情况写一则80词左右的求职信。 李华：28岁，毕业于河南大学，之后在联想电脑公司工作过三年，其中的后两年担任办公室秘书，联系电话：1398811××××， e­mail: lihua6688@ yahoo.com.cn。 参考词汇：《中国日报》(China Daily)；办公室职员(office clerk)；联想电脑公司(Lenovo Computer Company) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 写作二　续写微技能——无臂画家激发儿童艺术热情 Ⅰ 话题表达聚焦 Ⅱ 基于主题语境的续写实践 1.完成句子 (1)罗西·乔恩是一名出生时就没有双臂的画家，但是她从来没有让她的残疾阻碍她发挥创造力。(who引导定语从句；stop...from...) Rosie Jon was a painter but she never ． (2)蓝色曾经是罗西最喜欢的颜色之一，因为蓝色能让她想起无边无际的天空和大海。(because 引导原因状语从句；remind sb. of sth.；where 引导定语从句) Blue had been one of Rosie's favorite colors and the sea ． 续　表 (3)她被邀请去教幼儿园的孩子们，他们起初对她指指点点。(who引导定语从句) She was invited to teach preschool kids, ． (4)她鼓起所有的勇气，开始认真教他们用自己的脚趾画画。(v.­ing 作状语；get down to doing) she them to paint with their own toes. (5)在那个创作的过程中，到处充满着快乐，以至于孩子们开始忽略她身体上的不同。(there be句型；so...that...) In that creative process, ignore her physical difference. (6)是她色彩纷呈的画作所传递的积极态度和希望激励了这些孩子。(强调句型) inspired the kids. (7)罗西很兴奋(可以)看到每个孩子欣赏画作并分享他们的感受。(see sb. doing) Rosie was excited to ． (8)她下定决心在未来贡献出自己的时间去引领孩子们进入迷人的艺术世界。(make up one's mind to do；不定式作目的状语) She in the future ． 2.衔接美文 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词。 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ assistant　n.助手，助理，副手 【搭配】 帮助某人做某事 【联想】)assist vt.　帮助；协助；援助 be responsible for...　对……负责 【搭配】take responsibility for... 对……负责 【联想】responsibility n.　　　　　责任；职责 reliable　adj.可信赖的，可靠的 【搭配】rely on＝depend on 依靠，依赖, 【联想】rely vt.　　　　　信任，信赖；依赖，依靠 persuade　vt.说服，劝服；使相信 【搭配】 【联想】persuade sb. of sth.　使某人相信某事 impressive　adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的 【搭配】make/leave a(n)...impression on sb.给某人留下一个……的印象 【联想】impression n.　　印象；感想 employ　vt.& n．雇用 【搭配】employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 【联想】employer n. 雇用者；雇主；老板 employee n. 雇工；雇员 determine　vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定；下决心 【搭配】be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 【联想】determination n. 决心，决定 predict　vt.预言，预料，预测 【搭配】It is predicted that... 据预测…… 【联想】prediction n. 预测，预报 adjust　vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节 【搭配】adjust...to...　　　调整……以适应…… 【联想】adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 in terms of...　就……来说；从……方面来讲 【搭配】in the long term/run　　从长远来看 in the short term/run 从短期来看 announce　vt. 宣布，宣告，公布 【搭配】It is announced that... 据宣布…… 【联想】announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通告 react　vi.(作出)反应；回应 【搭配】react to sb./sth.　　对某人/某事物作出反应 【联想】reaction n. 反应；感应 guarantee　n.保证；保证书；保修单 vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；保证，担保 【搭配】guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保…… to sum up　总(而言)之 【搭配】sum to　共计 sum up 总结；概括 motivated　adj.积极的，主动的 【搭配】be motivated by... 被……激动/驱动 【联想】motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机 relevant　adj.有关的，切题的，有意义的 【搭配】be relevant to...　　　和……有关 【联想】relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 1.I would like to do some volunteer work for the exhibition, so I am writing to apply for the position as a volunteer. 我想为展览做一些志愿工作，所以写信来申请志愿者职位。 2.Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然年轻，但我已经知道我想要从事什么样的事业。 3. Communication—the human connection—is the key to personal and career success.　 沟通——人际关系——是个人和事业成功的关键。 4.I will work heart and soul for my country to the day I draw my last breath. 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。 5.By working faithfully 8 hours a day, you may eventually get to be boss and work 12 hours a day. 通过每天忠诚地工作8小时，你最终可能会成为老板，然后每天工作12小时。 6.Those who know it are not as those who love it; those who love it are not as those who find their joy in it.　知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。 7.Having learned English for years, I have a good command of spoken and written English, as well as computer. 我学习英语很多年了，精通英语口语、书面语和电脑。 8.I'd appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity. I'm looking forward to your early reply.　如果你给我这个机会我将感激不尽，盼望你早日答复。 9.Though having lost his job, he adopted a positive attitude to life. 尽管失去了工作，但他仍用积极的态度对待生活。 10.Not having finished his job, the chief editor had to work overtime. 因为没有完成工作，主编只得加班。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$