专题-S633 选修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 完形填空【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修三)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S633完形填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·山东青岛·期末）The moment Alok first saw the forest in central India, he knew two things 1 : This forest was the most beautiful one he had ever seen. Besides, he would stop the multi-billion dollar companies with an 2 to uproot it for the coal beneath its soil. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest and its 657 bio-diversity rich square miles were 3 , due to its massive coal deposits totaling an estimated 5. 6 billion tons. To Alok, the forest known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh State and 4 to local humans, animals and plants, was 5 . He wasn’t the only one to 6 this; local authorities had declared it protected earlier, but this was never a law to make it 7 . Soon, the coal in the forest were put up for auction (拍卖) . Alok clearly knew the result of the 8 unless everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya, an informal grassroots movement, 9 , teaching people about the local laws and rights available and 10 different groups together effectively. Now, Alok can 11 at the memory. His efforts has been impressive. Last month, the 43-year-old, after twelve 12 years, was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize, 13 known as the green Nobel. Alok hopes winning the prize will 14 other movements globally and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong. We are proud to make it 15 ,” he said. 1. A．hesitantly B．eagerly C．casually D．instantly 2. A．standard B．intention C．ability D．cooperation 3. A．measured B．explored C．researched D．targeted 4. A．home B．blessing C．origin D．choice 5. A．affordable B．invaluable C．reliable D．usable 6. A．recognize B．increase C．test D．confirm 7. A．convenient B．timely C．formal D．accessible 8. A．division B．battle C．study D．attempt 9. A．grew B．happened C．requested D．varied 10. A．collecting B．funding C．linking D．supporting 11. A．rest B．smile C．quit D．stop 12. A．promoting B．expanding C．struggling D．relieving 13. A．otherwise B．thus C．somehow D．anyway 14. A．alarm B．inspire C．test D．combine 15. A．bigger B．whole C．useful D．lighter Passage 2 （23-24高二下·新疆阿克苏·阶段练习）In 1994, the Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was 1 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 2 memories. To his shock, he saw a totally different 3 . Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient — everything was 4 due to deforestation (乱砍滥伐).” Salgado said 5 during a meeting on climate change in Paris. Salgado 6 that he should do something for it. Then he 7 an idea of replanting trees on the land, though beyond expectations, received 8 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 9 and the results are excellent. 10 , the land is changing: It is covered with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and other animals living in the land before 11 . The land has been brought back to life. The 12 family’s effort also impressed people around them. They 13 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment. “The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 14 and I think every bit of devoted work 15 .” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment. 1. A．sorry B．ready C．eager D．willing 2. A．wonderful B．embarrassing C．complex D．painful 3. A．direction B．atmosphere C．plan D．sight 4. A．disturbed B．destroyed C．prohibited D．abandoned 5. A．calmly B．nervously C．sadly D．lightly 6. A．admitted B．realized C．agreed D．proved 7. A．thought up B．laughed at C．turned down D．tried out 8. A．doubts B．permission C．suggestions D．support 9. A．backed off B．broke up C．took action D．got through 10. A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Gradually D．Generally 11. A．returned B．escaped C．approached D．died 12. A．generous B．brave C．devoted D．considerate 13. A．forgot B．stopped C．delayed D．missed 14. A．comment B．promise C．offer D．effort 15. A．increases B．matches C．improves D．matters Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽·期末）You’ve probably seen a bit of garbage on the road, maybe a piece of paper. Perhaps the sight 1 you to pick up the garbage and carry it away with your own. Good for you. But what if you came across something far 2 — say, a mattress (床垫)? No one would 3 you for thinking, “I wish I could do something, but there’s no way.”, because it is a little difficult for most people. Orme, Twedt, and Dehnert found a large mattress when they took a hike last year. Instead of looking the other way, they 4 to pull it to a dump station (垃圾投放站). The 5 added days to their hike. But they didn’t 6 . They made it at last. Orme got the 7 on a hike near the Appalachian Trail (AT) while visiting his family. He picked up about a pound for every mile that day. “What about a(n) 8 clean-up of the AT?” he wondered. Soon, his friends Twedt and Dehnert gave Orme their 9 when he asked them to join him, and they 10 their campaign Packing It Out. They each 11 much in the first few days, but now, they meet little. The project was 12 , but seeing masses of garbage filling a bin instead of piling up on the trail excited Orme. They were 13 to find hikers were sending emails and texts through their website 14 the garbage they picked up themselves along the way. “We want there to be no need for us 15 ,” Orme says. 1. A．taught B．drove C．allowed D．prepared 2. A．cheaper B．lighter C．bigger D．newer 3. A．fault B．forgive C．remember D．thank 4. A．refused B．pretended C．decided D．happened 5. A．effort B．duty C．experiment D．competition 6. A．respond B．hesitate C．agree D．comment 7. A．excuse B．chance C．problem D．idea 8. A．extra B．massive C．secret D．final 9. A．permission B．approach C．judgement D．support 10. A．shared B．quit C．named D．imagined 11. A．collected B．preserved C．ignored D．produced 12. A．promising B．formal C．attractive D．tough 13. A．determined B．satisfied C．ashamed D．lucky 14. A．handing in B．checking up C．dealing with D．showing off 15. A．eventually B．temporarily C．immediately D．occasionally Passage 4 （23-24高二下·云南楚雄·期末）Recycling can benefit not only environmental conservation but also community in surprising ways. Mateo Lange, 15, is 1 of this well. On weekends, he would sort through glass and plastic bottles and aluminum (铝) cans in his hometown, Indian River, Michigan, where he 2 a community recycling program. Mateo initiated the program when he was in the sixth grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones. The team was 3 from its establishment and faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments. Observing cans and bottles thrown everywhere along Michigan’s roads, Mateo 4 a solution. In Michigan, these cans and bottles can be collected and exchanged for cash. 5 by his father’s assistance, Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised $7,500 in a mere few weeks. This 6 success inspired Mateo to keep the endeavor going. Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, 7 at least 50 local youth groups. Equally 8 , over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise 9 on the roadside were recycled. In 2023, Mateo was 10 for his deeds and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, an honor 11 the efforts of young individuals striving to make the world a better place. When asked about the accomplishment, Mateo said, “I am happy to know that all these teams and clubs and the communities around are 12 .” Mateo believes everyone can and should be of 13 . “Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world,” he 14 . “Be creative,” he adds. “Have an 15 and build on it.” 1. A．frightened B．aware C．guilty D．ashamed 2. A．ignores B．joins C．leads D．quits 3. A．distinct B．absent C．free D．fresh 4. A．hit upon B．called off C．carried out D．objected to 5. A．Touched B．Backed C．Fueled D．Puzzled 6. A．previous B．imaginary C．expected D．initial 7. A．enhancing B．restricting C．funding D．disturbing 8. A．remarkably B．fortunately C．physically D．repeatedly 9. A．blocked B．littered C．exhibited D．classified 10. A．threatened B．suspected C．criticized D．celebrated 11. A．on account of B．on behalf of C．in recognition of D．in contrast to 12. A．benefiting B．emerging C．complaining D．starving 13. A．power B．service C．wisdom D．concern 14. A．protests B．whispers C．promises D．urges 15. A．idea B．excuse C．identity D．impact Passage 5 （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期末）Recycling can benefit not only environmental conservation but also community in surprising ways. Mateo Lange, 15, is 1 of this well. On weekends, he would sort through glass and plastic bottles and aluminum (铝) cans in his hometown, Indian River, Michigan, where he 2 a community recycling program. Mateo initiated the program when he was in the sixth grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones. The team was 3 from its establishment and faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments. Observing cans and bottles thrown everywhere along Michigan’s roads, Mateo 4 a solution. In Michigan, these cans and bottles can be collected and exchanged for cash. 5 by his father’s assistance, Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised 7,500 in a mere few weeks. This 6 success inspired Mateo to keep the endeavor going. Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, 7 at least 50 local youth groups. Equally 8 , over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise 9 on the roadside were recycled. In 2023, Mateo was 10 for his deeds and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, an honor 11 the efforts of young individuals striving to make the world a better place. When asked about the accomplishment, Mateo said, “I am happy to know that all these teams and clubs and the communities around are 12 .” Mateo believes everyone can and should be of 13 “Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world,” he 14 . “Be creative,” he adds. “Have an 15 and build on it.” 1. A．aware B．frightened C．guilty D．ashamed 2. A．ignores B．joins C．leads D．quits 3. A．absent B．fresh C．free D．distinct 4. A．objected to B．called off C．carried out D．hit upon 5. A．Touched B．Backed C．Fueled D．Puzzled 6. A．initial B．imaginary C．literary D．previous 7. A．enhancing B．restricting C．funding D．disturbing 8. A．sadly B．unfortunately C．commercially D．remarkably 9. A．blocked B．classified C．exhibited D．littered 10. A．threatened B．celebrated C．blamed D．suspected 11. A．on account of B．on behalf of C．in recognition of D．in contrast to 12. A．benefiting B．emerging C．complaining D．starving 13. A．peace B．service C．wisdom D．equality 14. A．protests B．whispers C．promises D．urges 15. A．idea B．excuse C．identity D．impact 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·山西长治·期末）When I started my Ph. D．, I knew my work was producing much waste, but I took it for granted. That all 1 one day when I saw plastic waste piled against the wall. I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab 2 out of our waste. But the project didn’t go smoothly. After months of 3 , I felt worried about my dream. It was a relief when my colleagues were 4 to join us. We created a group devoted to 5 other greener ways. We began meeting every month to discuss some 6 . We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 7 . And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment. By doing these, we could create 8 on how to use each device. Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, each of which consumed more energy than a typical household. So, we started an institutewide (全院的) freezer 9 , asking labs to remove samples that were not 10 anymore and combine what remained in fewer freezers. Through those efforts, we managed to turn off several freezers. We also 11 the temperature of several freezers after realizing some samples didn’t have to be stored so 12 . I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t 13 my 3D-printing dream, and I’m determined enough to keep trying. I’ve also learned that if one 14 isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions. I’m 15 that with my colleagues’ help, we were able to do that. 1. A．happened B．worked C．changed D．passed 2. A．tools B．experiments C．tests D．buildings 3. A．preparing B．delaying C．dreaming D．struggling 4. A．hesitant B．eager C．likely D．nervous 5. A．getting through B．setting down C．searching for D．setting off 6. A．solutions B．topics C．articles D．samples 7. A．properly B．effortlessly C．casually D．slightly 8. A．questions B．pictures C．instructions D．signs 9. A．game B．evaluation C．design D．challenge 10. A．involved B．needed C．issued D．licensed 11. A．increase B．set C．control D．keep 12. A．long B．deep C．cold D．fresh 13. A．forget B．achieve C．abandon D．find 14. A．position B．power C．direction D．approach 15. A．anxious B．curious C．grateful D．hopeful Passage 7 （23-24高二下·江苏·阶段练习）I’ve never been much of a jogger, but might I make a decent plogger? “Plogging” is a(n) 1 of “plocka upp” with “jogga”, the Swedish for “pick up” and “jog”. The idea is that you 2 litter while out running and the 3 has been growing in popularity in Sweden. “It’s good for both the 4 and ourselves,” says Anna Christopherson, the 43-year-old Swede who runs Edinburgh’s first plogging group. “It’s very 5 for the body to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish.” Seven of us 6 in the city for the run. We rush up Leith Walk, our rubbish bags 7 in the evening wind. “Quite competitive, isn’t it?” says Struan, an accountant. He 8 to a bin, muscles bulging (鼓起), to pick up a leaflet. Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up. It’s amazing — and 9 — to see how much 10 is lying on the streets. A passing walking tour gives us some 11 looks, but we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging, carry on 12 . After an hour, I’m tired and 13 , but feeling good. The city is a little 14 thanks to these ploggers. Anna is not satisfied, though. Our 15 have made no difference to her pet hate: chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to the paths. “You need a steamer to get that off,” she says. “And I’m not going to run with a steamer any time soon.” 1. A．source B．combination C．adaptation D．case 2. A．pick up B．hand over C．throw away D．put up. 3. A．service B．approach C．activity D．plan 4. A．tourism B．environment C．agriculture D．technology 5. A．normal B．difficult C．good D．strange 6. A．disappear B．camp C．live D．gather 7. A．shining B．flying C．falling D．lying 8. A．points B．waves C．rushes D．refers 9. A．refreshing B．discouraging C．frightening D．interesting 10. A．mess B．damage C．trouble D．danger 11. A．worried B．challenging C．confused D．disapproving 12. A．otherwise B．painfully C．separately D．regardless 13. A．cold B．sweaty C．depressed D．shocked 14. A．busier B．safer C．cleaner D．quieter 15. A．efforts B．passions C．claims D．dreams Passage 8 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·阶段练习）Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. 1 , most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been 2 , our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are 3 over time. This conceals (隐瞒) the true 4 of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly 5 human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to 6 the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says: “Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher 7 impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and 8 with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no 9 , lost from history.” Dr Soren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied 10 roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, 11 bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that 12 these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands 13 by people. These 14 from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species 15 , the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 1. A．In other words B．On average C．As a consequence D．In short 2. A．confirmed B．recorded C．abandoned D．discussed 3. A．distracted B．disposed C．dismissed D．decomposed 4. A．extent B．context C．outcome D．influence 5. A．due to B．other than C．instead of D．in spite of 6. A．declare B．illustrate C．estimate D．emphasize 7. A．climate B．human C．environmental D．natural 8. A．connected B．coped C．lived D．competed 9. A．trace B．route C．change D．chaos 10. A．interactive B．ecological C．productive D．social 11. A．in terms of B．because of C．except for D．in addition to 12. A．count on B．cooperate with C．fight against D．keep off 13. A．inhabited B．removed C．developed D．killed 14. A．result B．range C．suffer D．date 15. A．origin B．project C．growth D．diversity Passage 9 （23-24高二下·四川·期末）Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean. It isn’t something most people 1 kindly. But for Omar de Vazquez, a gardener, it was something like a(an) 2 . Years ago, as part of his gardening business, Omar launched a beach cleanup service to 3 the leafy seaweed. But, as its 4 intensified (增多，加剧), he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he 5 a way to use it in building blocks. He started his company — SargaBlock to market the bricks which are being 6 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem. “When I look at SargaBlock, it’s like looking in a 7 ,” he says, comparing his company to overcoming his personal 8 , including drug and alcohol addiction. “That was a time when I felt unwanted and 9 , like the sargassum people complained about.” Luckily, Omar grew up in nature and poverty, which 10 his character and turned him into someone who takes action. He wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad. Omar then put his idea into 11 , mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials, like clay, which he then puts into a block-forming machine. The process was 12 . The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab, which 13 and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally. The idea is that some of the most timely and creative 14 come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas 15 . 1. A．look upon B．bring in C．give up D．come across 2. A．game B．gift C．race D．trouble 3. A．access B．harvest C．remove D．process 4. A．heat B．image C．presence D．movement 5. A．worked out B．called for C．showed off D．turned down 6. A．highlighted B．undervalued C．overemphasized D．withdrawn 7. A．window B．mirror C．dictionary D．puzzle 8. A．struggles B．fears C．desires D．opinions 9. A．appreciated B．infected C．interrupted D．rejected 10. A．fitted B．shaped C．revealed D．described 11. A．operation B．words C．bills D．profit 12. A．difficult B．transforming C．natural D．consuming 13. A．combines B．provides C．identifies D．drafts 14. A．responses B．reminder C．appeal D．issues 15. A．alongside B．offshore C．underneath D．firsthand Passage 10 （23-24高二下·上海宝山·期末）Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is 1 for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main 2 of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for 3 progress against climate change. As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets 4 in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must 5 at a rare opportunity to strike one. The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to 6 methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and 7 fossil fuels. 8 are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help 9 large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid 10 will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no 11 for adding needlessly to global warming. Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, 12 , it will need rigour (缜密). Methane-control seemed to 13 at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators 14 came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since 15 . An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms. 1. A．powerful B．noticeable C．responsible D．possible 2. A．cause B．ingredient C．agent D．consequence 3. A．quick B．economic C．original D．national 4. A．under way B．in the making C．on board D．to the point 5. A．stare B．point C．come D．leap 6. A．increase B．stabilize C．reduce D．balance 7. A．imported B．localized C．exported D．globalized 8. A．Revolutions B．Evolutions C．Resolutions D．Innovations 9. A．create B．activate C．decrease D．spot 10. A．disasters B．delays C．emissions D．examinations 11. A．loss B．punishment C．abuse D．defeat 12. A．however B．therefore C．further D．once 13. A．pay off B．make out C．run out D．take off 14. A．noisily B．admittedly C．reluctantly D．accidentally 15. A．declined B．disappeared C．swung D．risen 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）As the sweet smell of pears and apples spreads in the air, drawing a stream of visitors to the orchard (果园) in Karamay’s Baijiantan district, an elderly man is seen doing the rounds of it on an electric bike. Sometimes, he stops to water the trees or prune (修剪) the grass, determined to ensure every single tree reaches its full 1 . The 2 of this forest was once a dump (垃圾场). It was the man, Wang Yanming, who planted the trees many years ago, creating the shade visitors can now all enjoy on hot summer afternoons. Wang oversees the greening work, planting trees and flowers, and often helps people to remove 3 from the dump. “In 4 days, strong wind turn sand particles and tiny rocks into arrows that 5 our hands and faces. I 6 wanted to do something to improve the situation,” Wang tells China Daily. Inspired by his 7 , workers from nearby factories 8 the example, turning afforestation (造林) into a trend in the desert and wilderness soon made way for green forests. Wang’s continuous effort over the decades 9 a wasteland into a green forest in the middle of the Gobi Desert. It is quite 10 that the orchard is called Yanming Park after the 90-year-old. Yanming Park has become an informal 11 centre for youth. Young men and women often come to listen to stories told by Wang and his teammates about the 12 of the olden days. “I am glad to have made a small contribution to protect the environment 13 . I feel delighted when my green mission 14 others to care for nature. I hope our community spirit will be 15 for generations and that Karamay will stay evergreen,” says Wang. 1. A．extinction B．function C．devotion D．potential 2. A．capacity B．division C．location D．front 3. A．rubber B．dust C．mixture D．garbage 4. A．snowy B．windy C．rainy D．sunny 5. A．hurt B．blur C．explode D．calculate 6. A．mercifully B．violently C．desperately D．guiltily 7. A．dignity B．determination C．admission D．foundation 8. A．gathered B．extended C．followed D．sponsored 9. A．separated B．transported C．transformed D．channelled 10. A．ridiculous B．natural C．typical D．occasional 11. A．election B．virtue C．entertainment D．education 12. A．beauty B．beliefs C．difficulties D．complaints 13. A．successfully B．attractively C．blindly D．effortlessly 14. A．entrusts B．embarrasses C．motivates D．persuades 15. A．fallen away B．passed down C．tested out D．withdrawn from Passage 12 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Trends come and go. Many goods that people buy to 1 fashion end up in the rubbish bin. Now young American people are giving these things a second 2 . Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and 3 them. They are mainly in big cities like New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. Anne Brown, 27, is one of them. Anne first stooped in June 2022 when many residents in a community left their 4 on the street after they moved house. After that, she often “ 5 treasures” in her free time. Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing. “Though many people say stooping is like collecting 6 , for me, it’s making the best of things,” the 27-year-old digital marketer said. That’s why she wanted to 7 the trend to others. Whenever she spots goods that are 8 used and she doesn’t need them, Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts to 9 others to pick them up. Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping. The 10 of “one man’s trash is another man’s treasure” is what attracts her most. She said since her childhood, her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations 11 the period during which goods were in 12 shortage. “Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India,” Carmen said. Despite this, Carmen admitted that many teenagers, including herself, are sometimes 13 consumption, leading to significant waste. This realization urged her to start stooping this year. Carmen added that the first time she used paper from books 14 by students on campus to make paper roses, she felt excited. “During the process of stooping, I start to observe my surroundings, which I had 15 taken for granted (想当然),” she said. 1. A．put up with B．do away with C．be familiar with D．keep pace with 2. A．goal B．deal C．life D．rule 3. A．restrict B．reserve C．reuse D．review 4. A．belongings B．pets C．fruits D．plants 5. A．displayed B．hunted C．purchased D．buried 6. A．paper B．cloth C．money D．garbage 7. A．promote B．return C．throw D．adjust 8. A．similarly B．barely C．blindly D．secretly 9. A．forbid B．force C．guide D．order 10. A．greeting B．hobby C．diary D．philosophy 11. A．survived B．valued C．wasted D．overlooked 12. A．occasional B．serious C．temporary D．slight 13. A．sensitive to B．close to C．addicted to D．equal to 14. A．treasured B．packed C．posted D．abandoned 15. A．beneficially B．previously C．dangerously D．responsibly Passage 13 （23-24高二下·浙江杭州·期中）The suburb I live in backs on to a large nature reserve. One morning I saw a koala (考拉) sitting in a palm tree in my front yard. I phoned around to ask what I could 1 this koala, but no one wanted to know. I ended up 2 the koala out of my tree and we crossed the road 3 for him to return to the nature reserve. I’ve always been befriending animals. As a young kid I used to pick up lizard eggs and 4 them. It stimulated my interest as to why there wasn’t anyone wanting to come and 5 this koala in my tree. After that, I signed up for all the 6 I could find. Once I had accreditation (合格证 ), I volunteered with the RSPCA in 2019, rehabilitating (使康复) wildlife. I was an ambulance driver, 7 overnight rescues. We rescued hundreds of animals and 8 more. One day, I thought why not 9 my own rescue group focusing on my backyard? I purchased a two-acre property and built enclosures on it to 10 injured animals. Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees (桉树), with seven varieties to 11 the koalas. I cut the leaves of the eucalyptus trees for the koalas to eat and look after the 12 wildlife at our centre. If they recover, they are 13 back to where they come from. As a kid I would never have imagined doing this. I feel like I’m the 14 girl on the planet that I get to do what I love. I believe it’s my 15 . After Japan discharged nuclear wastewater, people are terribly worried about more animals, especially marine animals. Any animal has the right to survive and the Earth is our common home. Please care for our animal friends. 1. A．learn from B．do about C．require of D．save for 2. A．kicking B．shooting C．coaching D．blowing 3. A．together B．illegally C．angrily D．guiltily 4. A．roll B．sell C．break D．hatch 5. A．rescue B．admire C．purchase D．identify 6. A．courses B．races C．fairs D．shows 7. A．watching B．recording C．attending D．assessing 8. A．made out B．ran across C．gave up D．cared for 9. A．leave B．start C．dismiss D．advertise 10. A．house B．hunt C．train D．amuse 11. A．confuse B．direct C．feed D．test 12. A．aggressive B．hungry C．deserted D．injured 13. A．sold B．released C．thrown D．dragged 14. A．quietest B．greediest C．noisiest D．luckiest 15. A．guess B．calling C．treat D．fault Passage 14 （23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The 1 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 2 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 3 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 4 among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 5 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 6 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 7 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This 8 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 9 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 10 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 11 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 12 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 13 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its 15 as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true. 1. A．crowds B．stories C．reporters D．settlements 2. A．age B．face C．name D．position 3. A．crazy B．doubtful C．serious D．pessimistic 4. A．grass B．stones C．camps D．equipment 5. A．new B．special C．necessary D．significant 6. A．paying off B．blowing up C．fading away D．spreading out 7. A．experiment B．experience C．atmosphere D．intervention 8. A．view B．reason C．quality D．purpose 9. A．holding on to B．going back to C．living up to D．giving way to 10. A．changes B．permits C．improves D．dominates 11. A．add B．match C．count D．imagine 12. A．lake B．road C．desert D．village 13. A．Directly B．Finally C．Obviously D．Frequently 14. A．fresh B．little C．artificial D．permanent 15. A．reward B．ecology C．history D．reputation Passage 15 （23-24高二下·湖南邵阳·期中）Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time 1 he forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2 at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 3 by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me 4 . When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the 5 climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, 6 the steps I could take to change the world, 7 I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and 8 The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 9 of protecting the ocean. Gradually, I realized how much humans 10 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 11 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver last year. Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to 12 the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the 13 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home. Protecting the ocean is very 14 and I’ll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will 15 me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings. 1. A．exploring B．transforming C．extending D．constructing 2. A．shifted B．appeared C．stretched D．stopped 3. A．destroyed B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4. A．scared B．excited C．addicted D．disappointed 5. A．progress B．threat C．opportunity D．image 6. A．avoiding B．counting C．highlighting D．considering 7. A．then B．yet C．thus D．moreover 8. A．lead B．follow C．recognize D．prevent 9. A．efficiency B．awareness C．memory D．confidence 10. A．paid back B．adapted to C．depended on D．kept up 11. A．mood B．imagination C．hobby D．experience 12. A．turn down B．hold back C．add up D．contribute to 13. A．introduction B．influence C．advertisement D．prediction 14. A．risky B．impractical C．shocking D．crucial 15. A．join B．respect C．teach D．guide 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S633完形填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·山东青岛·期末）The moment Alok first saw the forest in central India, he knew two things 1 : This forest was the most beautiful one he had ever seen. Besides, he would stop the multi-billion dollar companies with an 2 to uproot it for the coal beneath its soil. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest and its 657 bio-diversity rich square miles were 3 , due to its massive coal deposits totaling an estimated 5. 6 billion tons. To Alok, the forest known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh State and 4 to local humans, animals and plants, was 5 . He wasn’t the only one to 6 this; local authorities had declared it protected earlier, but this was never a law to make it 7 . Soon, the coal in the forest were put up for auction (拍卖) . Alok clearly knew the result of the 8 unless everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya, an informal grassroots movement, 9 , teaching people about the local laws and rights available and 10 different groups together effectively. Now, Alok can 11 at the memory. His efforts has been impressive. Last month, the 43-year-old, after twelve 12 years, was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize, 13 known as the green Nobel. Alok hopes winning the prize will 14 other movements globally and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong. We are proud to make it 15 ,” he said. 1. A．hesitantly B．eagerly C．casually D．instantly 2. A．standard B．intention C．ability D．cooperation 3. A．measured B．explored C．researched D．targeted 4. A．home B．blessing C．origin D．choice 5. A．affordable B．invaluable C．reliable D．usable 6. A．recognize B．increase C．test D．confirm 7. A．convenient B．timely C．formal D．accessible 8. A．division B．battle C．study D．attempt 9. A．grew B．happened C．requested D．varied 10. A．collecting B．funding C．linking D．supporting 11. A．rest B．smile C．quit D．stop 12. A．promoting B．expanding C．struggling D．relieving 13. A．otherwise B．thus C．somehow D．anyway 14. A．alarm B．inspire C．test D．combine 15. A．bigger B．whole C．useful D．lighter 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了阿洛克为保护印度中央的哈斯德奥·阿拉尼亚森林，发起保护运动，最终被授予高盛环保奖的故事。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Alok一看到印度中部的森林，他立刻知道了两件事。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. casually随意地；D. instantly立刻。上文“The moment Alok first saw the forest...”中the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，两个动作几乎同时发生，所以Alok一看到森林，他立刻就知道了两件事。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，他将阻止那些意图将其连根拔起以开采其下煤炭的亿万富翁公司。A. standard标准；B. intention意图；C. ability能力；D. cooperation合作。根据上文“the multi-billion dollar companies”和下文“uproot it for the coal beneath its soil”可推知，这些大公司意图伐树采煤。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在2012年，由于Hasdeo Aranya森林及其657平方英里的生物多样性丰富的地区拥有约56亿吨的庞大煤炭储量，它们就成为了目标。A. measured测量；B. explored探索；C. researched研究；D. targeted把……作为目标。根据下文“due to its massive coal deposits totaling an estimated 5. 6 billion tons”可知，这片森林因为其庞大的煤炭储量而成为了开采的目标。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Alok来说，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔邦之肺的森林，是当地人类、动物和植物的家园。A. home家园；B. blessing祝福；C. origin起源；D. choice选择。根据下文“local humans, animals and plants”可知，这片森林是当地人类、动物和植物的家园。故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Alok来说，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔邦之肺的森林，是当地人类、动物和植物的家园，是无价的。A. affordable负担得起的；B. invaluable无价的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. usable可用的。根据上文“the lungs of Chhattisgarh State and 4 to local humans, animals and plants”可知，这片森林是恰蒂斯加尔邦之肺，是当地人类、动物和植物的家园，所以是无价的。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他并不是唯一一个认识到这一点的人。A. recognize认识到；B. increase增加；C. test测试；D. confirm确认。根据上文“To Alok, the forest known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh State and 4 to local humans, animals and plants, was 5 .”可知，Alok认识到这片森林的重要性，结合下文“local authorities had declared it protected earlier”可推知，Alok不是唯一一个认识到这片森林价值的人，当地政府也认识到其重要性。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地政府早些时候宣布它是受保护的，但这从来不是一项使其正式化的法律。A. convenient方便的；B. timely及时的；C. formal正式的；D. accessible可接近的。根据下文“Soon, the coal in the forest were put up for auction (拍卖).”可推知，当地政府对森林的保护并没有成为一项正式的法律，所以森林被拍卖了。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alok清楚地知道，除非大家齐心协力，否则这场斗争的结果将如何。A. division分裂；B. battle斗争；C. study研究；D. attempt尝试。根据第一段中“Besides, he would stop the multi-billion dollar companies with an 2 to uproot it for the coal beneath its soil.”和上文“Soon, the coal in the forest were put up for auction (拍卖).”可推知，这是Alok和大公司之间的斗争。故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由此，“拯救Hasdeo Aranya”这一非正式的草根运动应运而生，向人们传授当地法律和可用的权利，并有效地将不同的团体联系起来。A. grew成长，出现；B. happened发生；C. requested要求；D. varied变化。根据上文“unless everyone came together”和“Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya, an informal grassroots movement”可知，为了赢得斗争，Alok发起了“拯救Hasdeo Aranya”运动，这一运动因此成长起来。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由此，“拯救Hasdeo Aranya”这一非正式的草根运动应运而生，向人们传授当地法律和可用的权利，并有效地将不同的团体联系起来。A. collecting收集；B. funding资助；C. linking联系；D. supporting支持。根据下文“different groups together”可知，这一运动把不同的团体联系了起来。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，Alok可以微笑着回忆这段经历了。A. rest休息；B. smile微笑；C. quit放弃；D. stop停止。根据下文“His efforts has been impressive.”和“was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize”可知，Alok的努力取得了成效，他现在可以微笑着回忆这段经历了。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，这位43岁的男子在奋斗了12年后，被授予了戈德曼环境奖，也被称为绿色诺贝尔奖。A. promoting促进；B. expanding扩大；C. struggling奋斗；D. relieving缓解。根据上文可知，Alok一直在为了保护森林而奋斗。故选C。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：上个月，这位43岁的男子在奋斗了12年后，被授予了戈德曼环境奖，也被称为绿色诺贝尔奖。A. otherwise另，亦；B. thus因此；C. somehow以某种方式；D. anyway无论如何。戈德曼环境奖也被称为绿色诺贝尔，这是一种额外的信息；otherwise known as“亦称为”。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alok希望获奖能够激励全球其他运动，并再次将注意力集中在这片森林上。A. alarm警告；B. inspire激励；C. test测试；D. combine结合。根据下文“other movements globally”可推知，Alok希望自己获奖能够激励全球其他保护环境的运动。故选B。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“Hasdeo Aranya的任何一棵树被砍伐都是错误的。我们很自豪能让它保持完整，”他说。A. bigger更大的；B. whole完整的；C. useful有用的；D. lighter更轻的。根据上文可知，Alok的努力取得了成功，保护了森林的完整。故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·新疆阿克苏·阶段练习）In 1994, the Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was 1 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 2 memories. To his shock, he saw a totally different 3 . Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient — everything was 4 due to deforestation (乱砍滥伐).” Salgado said 5 during a meeting on climate change in Paris. Salgado 6 that he should do something for it. Then he 7 an idea of replanting trees on the land, though beyond expectations, received 8 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 9 and the results are excellent. 10 , the land is changing: It is covered with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and other animals living in the land before 11 . The land has been brought back to life. The 12 family’s effort also impressed people around them. They 13 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment. “The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 14 and I think every bit of devoted work 15 .” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment. 1. A．sorry B．ready C．eager D．willing 2. A．wonderful B．embarrassing C．complex D．painful 3. A．direction B．atmosphere C．plan D．sight 4. A．disturbed B．destroyed C．prohibited D．abandoned 5. A．calmly B．nervously C．sadly D．lightly 6. A．admitted B．realized C．agreed D．proved 7. A．thought up B．laughed at C．turned down D．tried out 8. A．doubts B．permission C．suggestions D．support 9. A．backed off B．broke up C．took action D．got through 10. A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Gradually D．Generally 11. A．returned B．escaped C．approached D．died 12. A．generous B．brave C．devoted D．considerate 13. A．forgot B．stopped C．delayed D．missed 14. A．comment B．promise C．offer D．effort 15. A．increases B．matches C．improves D．matters 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Salgado发现了自己儿时的天堂——茂密的森林由于森林砍伐，病入膏肓。Salgado一家人通过自己的努力，使它再次被覆盖上了绿色的树，之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫，鸟类和动物也回来了。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他渴望看到他的家族经营的土地。A. sorry抱歉的；B. ready准备好；C. eager渴望的；D. willing乐意的。根据下文“The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them  2 memories.”可知，这片土地上有他很多美好的回忆，他渴望看到他的家族经营的土地。故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：茂密的森林曾经是他和他的朋友的天堂，给他们带来了美好的回忆。A. wonderful美好的；B. embarrassing使人尴尬的；C. complex复杂的；D. painful痛苦的。根据上文“The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园)  for him and his friends”可知，茂密的森林给他们带来了美好的回忆。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他惊恐的是，他看到了一个完全不同的景象。A. direction方向；B. atmosphere气氛；C. plan计划；D. sight景象。根据上文的“The thick forest there was once a paradise”和下文“The land was as sick as a serious patient”可知，他看到了一个与儿时完全不同的景象。故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这片土地病入膏肓——由于森林砍伐，一切都被破坏了。A. disturbed干扰；B. destroyed破坏；C. prohibited禁止；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文“due to deforestation (乱砍滥伐)”，可知，由于森林砍伐，一切都被破坏了。故选B。 5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这片土地病入膏肓——由于森林砍伐，一切都被破坏了。”Salgado在巴黎举行的气候变化会议上悲伤地说。A. calmly平静地；B. nervously紧张地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. lightly轻松地。根据上文“The land was as sick as a serious patient — everything was 4  due to deforestation (乱砍滥伐)”可知，看到这样的景象，他很伤心，所以Salgado在巴黎举行的气候变化会议上悲伤地说。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Salgado意识到他应该做点什么。A. admitted承认；B. realized意识到；C. agreed同意；D. proved证明。根据下文“Then he 7 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectations, received 8  from his wife and relatives.”可知，Salgado意识到他应该做点什么，并且下文描述了他的行动。故选B。 7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，他想出了一个主意：在这片土地上重新植树，虽然出乎意料，但是得到了妻子和亲戚的支持。A. thought up想出；B. laughed at嘲笑；C. turned down拒绝；D. tried out试验。根据下文“an idea of replanting trees on the land”可知，他想出了一个主意。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他想出了一个主意：在这片土地上重新植树，虽然出乎意料，但是得到了妻子和亲戚的支持。A. doubts怀疑；B. permission允许；C. suggestions建议；D. support支持。根据上文的“though beyond expectations”和下文的“Soon the whole family 9 and the results are excellent.”可知，虽然出乎意料，但他得到了妻子和亲戚的支持，而且结果很好。故选D。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，整个家庭都采取了行动，效果很好。A. backed off后退；B. broke up结束；C. took action采取行动；D. got through通过。根据上文的“from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family”和下文“the results are excellent”可知，整个家庭都支持他，并且整个家庭都采取了行动。故选C。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，土地在变化：它再次被覆盖上了绿色的树，之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫，鸟类和动物也回来了。A. Suddenly突然地；B. Finally最后地；C. Gradually渐渐地；D. Generally普遍地。根据下文的“the land is changing”和生活常识可知，土地发生变化是一个逐渐变化的过程。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，土地在变化：它再次被覆盖上了绿色的树，之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫，鸟类和动物也回来了。A. returned返回；B. escaped逃跑；C. approached接近；D. died死亡。根据下文“The land has been brought back to life.”可知，之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫，鸟类和动物也回来了。故选A。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有献身精神的这一家人的努力工作也感动了他们周围的人。A. generous慷慨的；B. brave勇敢的；C. devoted有献身精神的；D. considerate考虑周到的。根据上文的“an idea of replanting trees on the land, though beyond expectations, received 8 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 9 and the results are excellent.”和下文的“family’s effort”可知，Salgado一家人通过自己的努力，把荒野重新变成了绿洲，这是有献身精神的一家人。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们停止砍伐树木，开始保护环境。A. forgot忘记；B. stopped停止；C. delayed延迟；D. missed错过。根据下文“The 12  family’s hard work also impressed people around them.”以及下文“began to protect the environment.”可知，他们停止砍伐树木，开始保护环境。故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Salgado说：“多年来的工作非常困难，但值得努力，我认为每一点工作都很重要。” A. comment评论；B. promise许诺；C. offer提供；D. effort努力。根据上文“The 12 family’s hard work also impressed people around them.”可知，Salgado一家为这项工作付出了辛苦的努力。故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Salgado说：“多年来的工作非常困难，但值得努力，我认为每一点工作都很重要。”A. increases增加；B. matches匹配；C. improves改善；D. matters要紧，重要。根据上文的“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth”、“I think every bit of devoted work”和下文“Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment”可知，他认为每一点工作都很重要。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽·期末）You’ve probably seen a bit of garbage on the road, maybe a piece of paper. Perhaps the sight 1 you to pick up the garbage and carry it away with your own. Good for you. But what if you came across something far 2 — say, a mattress (床垫)? No one would 3 you for thinking, “I wish I could do something, but there’s no way.”, because it is a little difficult for most people. Orme, Twedt, and Dehnert found a large mattress when they took a hike last year. Instead of looking the other way, they 4 to pull it to a dump station (垃圾投放站). The 5 added days to their hike. But they didn’t 6 . They made it at last. Orme got the 7 on a hike near the Appalachian Trail (AT) while visiting his family. He picked up about a pound for every mile that day. “What about a(n) 8 clean-up of the AT?” he wondered. Soon, his friends Twedt and Dehnert gave Orme their 9 when he asked them to join him, and they 10 their campaign Packing It Out. They each 11 much in the first few days, but now, they meet little. The project was 12 , but seeing masses of garbage filling a bin instead of piling up on the trail excited Orme. They were 13 to find hikers were sending emails and texts through their website 14 the garbage they picked up themselves along the way. “We want there to be no need for us 15 ,” Orme says. 1. A．taught B．drove C．allowed D．prepared 2. A．cheaper B．lighter C．bigger D．newer 3. A．fault B．forgive C．remember D．thank 4. A．refused B．pretended C．decided D．happened 5. A．effort B．duty C．experiment D．competition 6. A．respond B．hesitate C．agree D．comment 7. A．excuse B．chance C．problem D．idea 8. A．extra B．massive C．secret D．final 9. A．permission B．approach C．judgement D．support 10. A．shared B．quit C．named D．imagined 11. A．collected B．preserved C．ignored D．produced 12. A．promising B．formal C．attractive D．tough 13. A．determined B．satisfied C．ashamed D．lucky 14. A．handing in B．checking up C．dealing with D．showing off 15. A．eventually B．temporarily C．immediately D．occasionally 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了三位登山者在徒步时发现了一张床垫，并决定将其拖到垃圾站，耗时数日。此后，他们发起了清理活动，鼓励更多人参与，并取得了显著成效。他们通过网站收到徒步者分享的垃圾清理成果，感到十分满意，并希望未来不再需要这样的活动。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许这一幕促使你捡起垃圾，并和自己的垃圾一起带走。A. taught教；B. drove驱使；C. allowed允许；D. prepared准备。根据上文“You’ve probably seen a bit of garbage on the road, maybe a piece of paper.”可知你看到了路上的垃圾，这一幕促使你捡起垃圾并带走。故选B项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你遇到的是更大的东西，比如床垫呢？A. cheaper更便宜的；B. lighter更轻的；C. bigger更大的；D. newer更新的。根据前文“maybe a piece of paper”以及后文“a mattress”可知床垫比一张纸大得多，此处指看到更大的垃圾。故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人会责怪你说：“我希望我能做些什么，但没有办法。”A. fault指责，批评；B. forgive原谅；C. remember记得；D. thank感谢。根据后文“because it is a little difficult for most people”可知因为大家知道这对大多数人都有点难，所以不会有人因为你没有把它捡起来而指责你。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们决定把床垫拉到垃圾投放站。A. refused拒绝；B. pretended假装；C. decided决定；D. happened发生。根据前文“I wish I could do something, but there’s no way.”以及空前“Instead of looking the other way”可知，他们的做法与大多数人不同，他们决定把床垫拖到了垃圾站。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些努力让他们的徒步旅行增加了好几天。A. effort努力；B. duty责任；C. experiment实验；D. competition比赛。根据前文“pull it to a dump station”可知这次拖去垃圾站的努力使得徒步旅行增加了好几天。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们没5有犹豫。A. respond回应；B. hesitate犹豫；C. agree同意；D. comment评论。根据上文“The ___5___ added days to their hike.”以及后文“They made it at last.”可知，捡大垃圾使得徒步旅行增加了好几天，但他们没有犹豫做这件事。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Orme 在阿巴拉契亚步道附近徒步探亲时萌生了这个想法。A. excuse借口；B. chance机会；C. problem问题；D. idea主意。根据后文“What about a(n) ___8___ clean-up of the AT?”可知，Orme 在阿巴拉契亚步道附近有了清理步道的想法。故选D项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在阿巴拉契亚小径上进行一次大规模的清洁活动怎么样？A. extra额外的；B. massive巨大的；C. secret秘密的；D. final最后的。根据后文“seeing masses of garbage filling a bin instead of piling up on the trail excited Orme”可知这次是一个大型的清理活动。故选B项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，他的朋友Twedt和Dehnert在Orme的邀请下加入了他的行列，并为他们的活动取名为“Packing It Out”。A. permission许可；B. approach方法；C. judgement判断；D. support支持。根据后文“they ___10___ their campaign Packing It Out. They each ___11___ much in the first few days”可知，Twedt和Dehnert加入了这次活动，表明他俩是支持Orme的。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他的朋友Twedt和Dehnert在Orme的邀请下加入了他的行列，并为他们的活动取名为“Packing It Out”。A. shared分享；B. quit放弃；C. named命名，把……叫作；D. imagined想象。根据后文“Packing It Out”可知这是他们给活动的命名。故选C项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最初的几天里，他们每个人都收集了很多东西，但现在，他们几乎见不到什么东西了。A. collected收集；B. preserved保存；C. ignored忽视；D. produced生产。根据后文“the garbage they picked up themselves”可知，此处指他们每个人都收集大量垃圾。故选A项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个项目很艰难，但看到大量垃圾填满垃圾桶，而不是堆积在山路上，Orme很兴奋。A. promising有前途的；B. formal正式的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. tough艰难的。根据后文“but seeing masses of garbage filling a bin instead of piling up on the trail excited Orme.”but转折连词表示前文与后文形成对立关系，可知尽管很难，但是看到大量垃圾填满垃圾桶，Orme感到很兴奋。故选D项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们感到十分满意，徒步旅行者们通过他们的网站发送电子邮件和文章，展示他们自己沿途捡起的垃圾。A. determined坚定的；B. satisfied满意的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. lucky幸运的。根据后文“hikers were sending emails and texts through their website ___14___ the garbage they picked up themselves along the way.”可知徒步旅行者们通过他们的网站发送电子邮件和文本，展示他们自己沿途捡起的垃圾。这件事Orme感到很满意。故选B项。 14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们感到十分满意，徒步旅行者们通过他们的网站发送电子邮件和文章，展示他们自己沿途捡起的垃圾。A. handing in上交；B. checking up检查；C. dealing with处理；D. showing off炫耀，展示。根据前文“sending emails and texts”可知是发送邮件和文本来展示自己捡的垃圾。故选D项。 15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们希望最终不需要我们”Orme说。A. eventually最终；B. temporarily暂时；C. immediately立即；D. occasionally偶尔。根据前文“but now, they meet little”可知垃圾越来越少，Orme希望最终没有垃圾，也就不需要他们了。故选A项。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·云南楚雄·期末）Recycling can benefit not only environmental conservation but also community in surprising ways. Mateo Lange, 15, is 1 of this well. On weekends, he would sort through glass and plastic bottles and aluminum (铝) cans in his hometown, Indian River, Michigan, where he 2 a community recycling program. Mateo initiated the program when he was in the sixth grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones. The team was 3 from its establishment and faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments. Observing cans and bottles thrown everywhere along Michigan’s roads, Mateo 4 a solution. In Michigan, these cans and bottles can be collected and exchanged for cash. 5 by his father’s assistance, Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised $7,500 in a mere few weeks. This 6 success inspired Mateo to keep the endeavor going. Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, 7 at least 50 local youth groups. Equally 8 , over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise 9 on the roadside were recycled. In 2023, Mateo was 10 for his deeds and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, an honor 11 the efforts of young individuals striving to make the world a better place. When asked about the accomplishment, Mateo said, “I am happy to know that all these teams and clubs and the communities around are 12 .” Mateo believes everyone can and should be of 13 . “Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world,” he 14 . “Be creative,” he adds. “Have an 15 and build on it.” 1. A．frightened B．aware C．guilty D．ashamed 2. A．ignores B．joins C．leads D．quits 3. A．distinct B．absent C．free D．fresh 4. A．hit upon B．called off C．carried out D．objected to 5. A．Touched B．Backed C．Fueled D．Puzzled 6. A．previous B．imaginary C．expected D．initial 7. A．enhancing B．restricting C．funding D．disturbing 8. A．remarkably B．fortunately C．physically D．repeatedly 9. A．blocked B．littered C．exhibited D．classified 10. A．threatened B．suspected C．criticized D．celebrated 11. A．on account of B．on behalf of C．in recognition of D．in contrast to 12. A．benefiting B．emerging C．complaining D．starving 13. A．power B．service C．wisdom D．concern 14. A．protests B．whispers C．promises D．urges 15. A．idea B．excuse C．identity D．impact 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是15岁的Mateo Lange 通过他的社区回收项目，不仅回收了许多瓶子和易拉罐，而且为当地青少年团体筹集了活动资金的故事。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：15岁的Mateo Lange很明白这一点。A. frightened害怕的；B. aware有意识的，明白；C. guilty愧疚的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据下文中的“On weekends, he would sort through glass and plastic bottles and aluminum (铝) cans in his hometown, Indian River, Michigan”可知，Mateo Lange总是在周末整理玻璃瓶、塑料瓶和铝罐，由此可推断，他应该是很“明白”回收利用不仅有利于环境，还有意想不到的好处。故选B项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周末，他总在家乡密西根州的Indian River整理玻璃瓶、塑料瓶和铝罐，他在那里领导着一个社区回收项目。A. ignores忽视；B. joins加入；C. leads引导；D. quits停止，戒掉。根据下文中的“Mateo initiated the program when he was in the sixth grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones.”可知，Mateo六年前发起的这个项目，由此可知，此处指的是他“领导”着社区的回收项目。故选C项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这支队伍刚成立不久，面临着为参加比赛筹集资金的挑战。A. distinct清楚的；B. absent缺席的；C. free自由的；D. fresh新出现的。根据下文中的“and faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments.”可知，该球队面临着参加比赛筹集资金的挑战，由此可推断，该球队应该是“新出现的”球队。故选D项。 4. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Mateo观察了密歇根州道路上随处可见的罐头和瓶子，想到了一个解决办法。A. hit upon突然想到；B. called off取消；C. carried out实施，执行；D. objected to反对。根据上文中的“Observing cans and bottles thrown everywhere along Michigan’s roads”可知，Mateo注意到密歇根州道路上随处可见的罐头和瓶子，结合下文指的solution可知，此处应指的是“突然想到”一个解决办法。故选A项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲的帮助下，Mateo 发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500 美元。A. Touched触动；B. Backed支持；C. Fueled 加强，刺激；D. Puzzled使迷惑。根据下文中的“Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised $7,500 in a mere few weeks.”可知，Mateo 发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500 美元，由此可知，此处指的是在他父亲的“支持”下，符合语境。故选B项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的成功激励着Mateo继续努力。A. previous以前的；B. imaginary虚构的；C. expected意料中的；D. initial最初的。根据上文中的“ ___5___ by his father’s assistance, Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised $7,500 in a mere few weeks.”可知，Mateo发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500美元，由此可知，此处指的是Mateo“最初的”成功。故选D项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，Mateo的回收工作获得了令人印象深刻的35万美元，资助了至少50个当地青年团体。A. enhancing提高；B. restricting限制；C. funding资助；D. disturbing打扰。根据上文中的“Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000”可知，从那以后，Mateo的回收工作获得了引人注目的35万美元，所以此处指的是这些钱“资助”至少50个青年团体，符合语境。故选C项。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样引人注目的是，超过200万个原本散落在路边的瓶子和罐子被回收利用。A. remarkably引人注目地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. physically身体上地；D. repeatedly重复地。根据上文中的“Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, ___7___ at least 50 local youth groups.”可知，回收工作获得了引人注目的35万美元，资助了至少50个青年团体，结合下文中的“over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise ___9___ on the roadside were recycled.”可知，有近200多万个瓶罐被回收，这应该是同样“引人注目的”成就。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样引人注目的是，超过200万个原本乱扔在路边的瓶子和罐子被回收利用。A. blocked阻挡；B. littered乱扔；C. exhibited展出；D. classified分类。根据语境和上文中的“over 2 million bottles and cans …were recycled.”以及otherwise和“on the roadside”可知，此处指的是这200多万个瓶罐最后都被回收利用，而这些瓶罐原本可能是“被乱扔”在路边。故选B项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，Mateo因其事迹而受到赞扬，并获得了著名的格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，这是一项表彰年轻人努力使世界变得更美好的荣誉。A. threatened威胁；B. suspected怀疑；C. criticized批评；D. celebrated赞扬。根据下文中的“and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes”可知，Mateo获得了著名的格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，由此可推断，此处指的是Mateo受到“赞扬”符合语境。故选D项。 11. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：2023年，Mateo因其事迹而受到赞扬，并获得了著名的格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，这是一项表彰年轻人努力使世界变得更美好的荣誉。A. on account of由于；B. on behalf of代表；C. in recognition of 为表彰；D. in contrast to与……形成对比。根据上文中的“In 2023, Mateo was ___10___ for his deeds and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes,”可知，Mateo因其事迹而受到赞扬，并获得了著名的格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，此处是对上文内容的解释，所以此处指的是“为表彰”年轻人努力使世界变得更美好的荣誉，符合语境。故选C项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及这一成就时，Mateo说：“我很高兴知道所有这些球队、俱乐部和周围的社区都从中受益。”A. benefiting使受益；B. emerging出现；C. complaining抱怨；D. starving挨饿。根据上文中的“Recycling can benefit not only environmental conservation but also community in surprising ways.”可知，回收利用不仅使得环境受益，对社区也有意想不到的好处，由此可知，此处指的是从中“受益”符合语境。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mateo相信每个人都可以而且也应该为他人服务。A. power力量；B. service服务；C. wisdom智慧；D. concern担心。根据下文中的“Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world”可知，Mateo认为每个人只是做一点点都会对这个世界产生影响，由此可知，此处指的是每个人可以而且也应该为他人“服务”符合语境。故选B项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要做一点改变世界的事，”他呼吁道。A. protests抗议；B. whispers低语；C. promises承诺；D. urges呼吁。根据上文中的“Mateo believes everyone can and should be of  ___13___ .”可知，Mateo认为每个人都可以而且也应该为他人服务，所以此处应该是他“呼吁”人们都做一点点事情，这会对整个世界产生影响。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一个想法，然后在此基础上发展。A. idea想法；B. excuse借口；C. identity身份；D. impact重大影响。根据语境和下文中的“and build on it.”可知，Mateo观察到路边的瓶罐后有了回收利用的想法，并在父亲的帮助下取得成功，由此可知，此处指的是他呼吁人们有了“想法”就在此基础上发展下去，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期末）Recycling can benefit not only environmental conservation but also community in surprising ways. Mateo Lange, 15, is 1 of this well. On weekends, he would sort through glass and plastic bottles and aluminum (铝) cans in his hometown, Indian River, Michigan, where he 2 a community recycling program. Mateo initiated the program when he was in the sixth grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones. The team was 3 from its establishment and faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments. Observing cans and bottles thrown everywhere along Michigan’s roads, Mateo 4 a solution. In Michigan, these cans and bottles can be collected and exchanged for cash. 5 by his father’s assistance, Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised 7,500 in a mere few weeks. This 6 success inspired Mateo to keep the endeavor going. Since then, Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, 7 at least 50 local youth groups. Equally 8 , over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise 9 on the roadside were recycled. In 2023, Mateo was 10 for his deeds and won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, an honor 11 the efforts of young individuals striving to make the world a better place. When asked about the accomplishment, Mateo said, “I am happy to know that all these teams and clubs and the communities around are 12 .” Mateo believes everyone can and should be of 13 “Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world,” he 14 . “Be creative,” he adds. “Have an 15 and build on it.” 1. A．aware B．frightened C．guilty D．ashamed 2. A．ignores B．joins C．leads D．quits 3. A．absent B．fresh C．free D．distinct 4. A．objected to B．called off C．carried out D．hit upon 5. A．Touched B．Backed C．Fueled D．Puzzled 6. A．initial B．imaginary C．literary D．previous 7. A．enhancing B．restricting C．funding D．disturbing 8. A．sadly B．unfortunately C．commercially D．remarkably 9. A．blocked B．classified C．exhibited D．littered 10. A．threatened B．celebrated C．blamed D．suspected 11. A．on account of B．on behalf of C．in recognition of D．in contrast to 12. A．benefiting B．emerging C．complaining D．starving 13. A．peace B．service C．wisdom D．equality 14. A．protests B．whispers C．promises D．urges 15. A．idea B．excuse C．identity D．impact 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mateo Lange为了给球队筹集资金，发起了一个社区回收项目，不仅为当地很多组织筹集到资金，还保护了环境。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：15岁的Mateo Lange很清楚这一点。A. aware知道的，意识到的；B. frightened害怕的；C. guilty内疚的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据下文“he ____2____ a community recycling program”可知，Mateo Lange创办了一个社区回收项目，故他知道回收利用有好处，故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周末，他会在家乡密歇根的印第安河对玻璃、塑料瓶和铝罐进行分类，他在那里领导着一个社区回收项目。A. ignores忽视；B. joins加入；C. leads领导；D. quits放弃，退出。根据下文“Mateo initiated the program”可知，是Mateo发起了这个项目，故此处指他领导着一个社区回收项目，故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这支队伍刚成立不久，面临着为参加比赛筹集资金的挑战。A. absent缺席的；B. fresh新的；C. free自由的；D. distinct不同的。根据“faced the challenge of raising money for their travel to tournaments”可知，球队需要为参加比赛筹集资金，故推知它成立不久，故选B。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Mateo观察了密歇根州道路上随处可见的罐头和瓶子，想到了一个解决办法。A. objected to反对；B. called off取消；C. carried out执行，实施；D. hit upon突然有个好主意，偶然想到妙点子。结合空后的“a solution”以及下文“Mateo started a bottle and can drive”可知，此处指Mateo想到了一个解决办法，故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲的帮助下，Mateo开始了一个关于瓶子和罐子的运动，在短短几周内筹集了7500美元。A. Touched触摸；B. Backed支持，帮助；C. Fueled给……提供燃料；D. Puzzled使困惑。结合“by his father’s assistance”可知，此处指在父亲的帮助下，故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的成功激励着Mateo继续努力。A. initial开始的，最初的；B. imaginary想象的；C. literary文学的；D. previous以前的。根据上文“Mateo started a bottle and can drive and it raised 7,500 in a mere few weeks”可知，Mateo开始了一个关于瓶子和罐子的运动，在短短几周内筹集了7500美元，推知一开始就获得了成功，故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，Mateo的回收工作获得了令人印象深刻的35万美元，资助了至少50个当地青年团体。A. enhancing增强，提高；B. restricting限制；C. funding资助；D. disturbing打扰。根据“$350,000”可知，此处指筹集到的35万美元资助了至少50个当地青年团体，故选C。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样引人注目的是，超过200万个原本会被乱扔在路边的瓶子和罐子被回收利用。A. sadly悲伤地；B. unfortunately不幸地；C. commercially商业上地；D. remarkably非凡地，引人注目地。根据“over 2 million bottles and cans otherwise ____9____ on the roadside were recycled”可知，此处是描述该组织的成就，指同样引人注目的是，它还回收利用了很多瓶子和罐子，故选D。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. blocked阻塞，阻挡；B. classified分类；C. exhibited展览；D. littered乱扔。otherwise指相反的情况，此处和“recycled”相反，结合“on the roadside”可知，瓶子和罐子被回收利用，否则的话它们就会被乱扔在路边，故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，Mateo因其事迹而受到称赞，并获得了著名的格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，这是一项表彰年轻人努力使世界变得更美好的荣誉。A. threatened威胁；B. celebrated赞美，颂扬；C. blamed责怪；D. suspected怀疑。根据“won the prestigious Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes”可知，Mateo因其保护环境的行动而受到称赞，故选B。 11. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：同上。A. on account of考虑到；B. on behalf of代表；C. in recognition of承认，认可；D. in contrast to与……形成对比。根据“the efforts of young individuals striving to make the world a better place”可知，该奖项是表彰年轻人努力使世界变得更美好的一种荣誉，故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及这一成就时，Mateo说：“我很高兴知道所有这些球队、俱乐部和周围的社区都从中受益。”A. benefiting受益；B. emerging出现；C. complaining抱怨；D. starving挨饿。结合上文“Mateo’s recycling effort has obtained an impressive $350,000, ____7____ at least 50 local youth groups”提到资助了很多组织并回收瓶瓶罐罐可知，此处指所有这些球队、俱乐部和周围的社区都从中受益，故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mateo相信每个人都可以也应该为他人服务。A. peace和平；B. service服务；C. wisdom智慧；D. equality平等。根据上文他的公益善行以及下文“Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world”可知，他相信每个人都可以也应该为他人服务，故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要做一点改变世界的事，”他敦促道。A. protests抗议；B. whispers小声说，耳语；C. promises承诺；D. urges敦促，力劝。根据祈使句“Just do a little bit to make a difference to the world”表达的建议、要求语气可知，此处指他敦促每个人都付出一点努力，故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一个想法并在此基础上发展。A. idea想法，主意；B. excuse借口；C. identity身份；D. impact影响。根据上文“Mateo ____4____ a solution”以及空前“Be creative”可知，此处指想一个主意，然后在此基础上发展，故选A。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·山西长治·期末）When I started my Ph. D．, I knew my work was producing much waste, but I took it for granted. That all 1 one day when I saw plastic waste piled against the wall. I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab 2 out of our waste. But the project didn’t go smoothly. After months of 3 , I felt worried about my dream. It was a relief when my colleagues were 4 to join us. We created a group devoted to 5 other greener ways. We began meeting every month to discuss some 6 . We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 7 . And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment. By doing these, we could create 8 on how to use each device. Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, each of which consumed more energy than a typical household. So, we started an institutewide (全院的) freezer 9 , asking labs to remove samples that were not 10 anymore and combine what remained in fewer freezers. Through those efforts, we managed to turn off several freezers. We also 11 the temperature of several freezers after realizing some samples didn’t have to be stored so 12 . I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t 13 my 3D-printing dream, and I’m determined enough to keep trying. I’ve also learned that if one 14 isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions. I’m 15 that with my colleagues’ help, we were able to do that. 1. A．happened B．worked C．changed D．passed 2. A．tools B．experiments C．tests D．buildings 3. A．preparing B．delaying C．dreaming D．struggling 4. A．hesitant B．eager C．likely D．nervous 5. A．getting through B．setting down C．searching for D．setting off 6. A．solutions B．topics C．articles D．samples 7. A．properly B．effortlessly C．casually D．slightly 8. A．questions B．pictures C．instructions D．signs 9. A．game B．evaluation C．design D．challenge 10. A．involved B．needed C．issued D．licensed 11. A．increase B．set C．control D．keep 12. A．long B．deep C．cold D．fresh 13. A．forget B．achieve C．abandon D．find 14. A．position B．power C．direction D．approach 15. A．anxious B．curious C．grateful D．hopeful 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位时意识到了实验室严重的废物问题，开始尝试用废物进行3D打印，但遇到挑战。在同事的帮助下，他们探索了其他环保措施，如回收和节能。尽管3D打印项目未成功，作者学会了寻找替代方案，并对同事的参与表示感激。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我看到塑料垃圾堆积在墙边时，一切都改变了。A. happened发生；B. worked工作；C. changed改变；D. passed通过。根据下文“I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab ___2___ out of our waste.”可知，作者决定用实验产生的废物制作东西，因此是意识到废物问题的严重性了，情况发生了改变。故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去找我的导师，决定用我们的废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。A. tools工具；B. experiments实验；C. tests测试；D. buildings建筑。根据上文“create 3D-printed lab”和下文“out of our waste”可推知，应该是可以用废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的挣扎，我开始担心我的梦想。A. preparing准备；B. delaying延迟；C. dreaming梦想；D. struggling挣扎。根据上文“But the project didn’t go smoothly.”可知，项目进展并不顺利，因此是经过几个月的挣扎。故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我的同事们都渴望加入我们时，我松了一口气。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. eager渴望的；C. likely可能的；D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“We created a group devoted to ___5___ other greener ways. We began meeting every month to discuss some ___6___.”可知，同事们和作者成立了小组，齐心协力地想找更环保的方式，由此推知，同事们都渴望加入作者。故选B。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。A. getting through完成；B. setting down放下；C. searching for寻找；D. setting off出发。根据下文“We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted ___7___. And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.”可知，他们引入了新的回收箱，追踪了实验室设备的能耗，因此是致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始每个月开会讨论一些解决方案。A. solutions解决方案；B. topics主题；C. articles文章；D. samples样本。根据下文“sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions”可知，他们开会讨论一些解决方案。故选A。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在了解到一些垃圾如果分类得当可以回收后，我们为每个实验室引入了新的回收箱。A. properly适当地；B. effortlessly轻松地；C. casually随意地；D. slightly轻微地。根据上文“some waste could be recycled”可推知，一些垃圾如果分类得当就可以回收。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我们可以创建如何使用每个设备的说明。A. questions问题；B. pictures图片；C. instructions说明；D. signs标志。根据上文“And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.”可知，他们追踪了实验室设备的能耗，再结合下文“on how to use each device”可推知，应该是根据能耗情况创建如何使用每个设备的说明，从而实现节能的目的。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们开始了一项全学院范围的冰箱挑战，要求实验室取出不再需要的样本，并将剩下的样本组合放在更少的冰箱里。A. game游戏；B. evaluation评估；C. design设计；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“asking labs to remove samples that were not ___10___ anymore and combine what remained in fewer freezers”可推知，在实验室中，将剩下的样本组合放在更少的冰箱里对于研究人员来说是不常见的做法，是一种挑战。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们开始了一项全学院范围的冰箱挑战，要求实验室取出不再需要的样本，并将剩下的样本组合放在更少的冰箱里。A. involved涉及；B. needed需要；C. issued发布；D. licensed同意。根据上文“remove samples”可推知，在实验室中能取出的样本应该是不再需要了。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们意识到有些样品不需要保存这么冷后，我们还提高了几个冰箱的温度。A. increase增加；B. set设置；C. control控制；D. keep保持。根据上文“Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers”可知，超低温冰箱是最耗电的设备，因此可以通过适当增加温度来实现节能的目的。故选A。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们意识到有些样品不需要保存这么冷后，我们还提高了几个冰箱的温度。A. long长的；B. deep深的；C. cold冷的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据作者是在追求更环保的情境，以及上文“some samples didn’t have to be stored”可推知，应该是在意识到有些样品不需要保存这么冷后，去调节温度，实现节能。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然对我不能实现我的3D打印梦想感到失望，我有足够的决心继续尝试。A. forget忘记；B. achieve实现；C. abandon放弃；D. find发现。根据上文“I felt worried about my dream”可知，作者很担心自己3D打印的梦想，因此是对不能实现3D打印梦想感到失望。故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还了解到，如果一种方法不起作用，有时最好是退一步，寻找其他解决方案。A. position位置；B. power权力；C. direction方向；D. approach方法。根据上文叙述的作者尝试用废物进行3D打印，但没能成功，在同事的帮助下，他们探索了其他环保的措施，以及下文“sometimes it’s best to take a step back and look for other solutions”可推知，此处指3D打印的方法不起作用时，退一步去寻找其他解决方案。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激在同事们的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。A. anxious焦虑的；B. curious好奇的；C. grateful感激的；D. hopeful希望的。根据下文“with my colleagues’ help, we were able to do that”可知，在同事们的帮助下，他们能够寻找其他解决方案，因此作者会对此充满感激。故选C。 Passage 7 （23-24高二下·江苏·阶段练习）I’ve never been much of a jogger, but might I make a decent plogger? “Plogging” is a(n) 1 of “plocka upp” with “jogga”, the Swedish for “pick up” and “jog”. The idea is that you 2 litter while out running and the 3 has been growing in popularity in Sweden. “It’s good for both the 4 and ourselves,” says Anna Christopherson, the 43-year-old Swede who runs Edinburgh’s first plogging group. “It’s very 5 for the body to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish.” Seven of us 6 in the city for the run. We rush up Leith Walk, our rubbish bags 7 in the evening wind. “Quite competitive, isn’t it?” says Struan, an accountant. He 8 to a bin, muscles bulging (鼓起), to pick up a leaflet. Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up. It’s amazing — and 9 — to see how much 10 is lying on the streets. A passing walking tour gives us some 11 looks, but we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging, carry on 12 . After an hour, I’m tired and 13 , but feeling good. The city is a little 14 thanks to these ploggers. Anna is not satisfied, though. Our 15 have made no difference to her pet hate: chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to the paths. “You need a steamer to get that off,” she says. “And I’m not going to run with a steamer any time soon.” 1. A．source B．combination C．adaptation D．case 2. A．pick up B．hand over C．throw away D．put up. 3. A．service B．approach C．activity D．plan 4. A．tourism B．environment C．agriculture D．technology 5. A．normal B．difficult C．good D．strange 6. A．disappear B．camp C．live D．gather 7. A．shining B．flying C．falling D．lying 8. A．points B．waves C．rushes D．refers 9. A．refreshing B．discouraging C．frightening D．interesting 10. A．mess B．damage C．trouble D．danger 11. A．worried B．challenging C．confused D．disapproving 12. A．otherwise B．painfully C．separately D．regardless 13. A．cold B．sweaty C．depressed D．shocked 14. A．busier B．safer C．cleaner D．quieter 15. A．efforts B．passions C．claims D．dreams 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参与在瑞典越来越受人欢迎的“跑步时捡垃圾”活动的经历，这项活动对于环境和个人来说都是有好处的。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Plogging”是“plocka upp”和“jogga”的组合，对应瑞典语中的“捡起”和“慢跑”。A. source来源；B. combination组合；C. adaptation适应；D. case情况。根据本句中的“of “plocka upp” with “jogga”, the Swedish for “pick up” and “jog””可知，plogging这个词是两个词“plocka upp”和“jogga”的组合。故选B项。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个想法是，你在跑步时捡垃圾，这项活动在瑞典越来越受欢迎。A. pick up捡起；B. hand over移交；C. throw away扔掉；D. put up搭建，张贴。根据下文“It’s very ___5___ for the body to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish.”可知此处表示在跑步时捡垃圾。为上文中的“pick up”的同词复现，故选A项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法是，你在跑步时捡垃圾，这项活动在瑞典越来越受欢迎。A. service服务；B. approach方法；C. activity活动；D. plan计划。根据本句中的“...litter while out running”可知，此处指一边跑步时一边捡垃圾这项活动越来越受欢迎。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这对环境和我们自己都有好处，”43岁的瑞典人安娜·克里斯托弗森说，她经营着爱丁堡的第一个“跑步捡垃圾”组织。A. tourism旅游业；B. environment环境；C. agriculture农业；D. technology技术。根据上文的“The idea is that you...litter while out running”可知，跑步时捡垃圾对于环境是有好处的。故选B项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把跑步和蹲下捡垃圾结合起来对身体很有好处。A. normal正常的；B. difficult困难的；C. good好的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文的“It’s good for both the ___4___ and ourselves”以及空后“to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish”可知，跑步时捡垃圾对环境和我们自己都有好处。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们七个人聚集在城里跑步。A. disappear消失；B. camp宿营；C. live 居住；D. gather聚集。根据下文的“We rush up Leith Walk”可知，一行七个人聚集在城里开始跑步。故选D项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们冲上利斯步道，我们的垃圾袋在晚风中飘散。A. shining发光；B. flying飞，飘扬；C. falling下落；D. lying躺着。根据本句中的“We rush up Leith Walk...the evening wind”可知，此处指垃圾袋在作者跑步时迎风飘扬起来。故选B项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跑到一个垃圾箱前，肌肉鼓鼓的，拿起一张传单。A. points指向；B. waves挥手；C. rushes跑；D. refers指的是。根据本句中的“to pick up a leaflet”可知，为捡起一张传单，他跑向一个垃圾箱。故选C项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到街道上有那么多脏东西，真是令人惊讶和让人感到泄气。A. refreshing令人耳目一新的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. frightening令人恐惧的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文的“Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up”以及空后“to see how much ___10__ is lying on the streets”可知，看到街上有很多垃圾，让人感到惊讶也令人感到沮丧。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到街道上有那么多脏东西，真是令人惊讶和让人感到沮丧。A. mess垃圾，脏乱的东西；B. damage损害；C. trouble麻烦；D. danger危险。根据上文的“Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up”可知，街上有很多垃圾。故选A项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路过的徒步旅行团给我们一些困惑的目光，但我们这些跑步捡垃圾的人，沉浸在跑步时捡垃圾的世界里，不顾一切地继续前进。A. worried担心的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. confused困惑的；D. disapproving不赞成的。根据本句中的“we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging, carry on...”可知，我们这些跑步捡垃圾的人，沉浸在跑步时捡垃圾的世界里，再由but表示转折可知，路过的徒步旅行者不理解我们的做法，因此会投来困惑的目光。故选C项。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：路过的徒步旅行团给我们一些困惑的目光，但我们这些跑步捡垃圾的人，沉浸在跑步时捡垃圾的世界里，不顾一切地继续前进。A. otherwise否则；B. painfully痛苦地；C. separately分别地；D. regardless不管，不加理会。根据本句中的“we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging”可知，我们这些跑步捡垃圾的人，沉浸在跑步时捡垃圾的世界里，因此不理会别人的眼光继续前进。故选D项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个小时后，我累了又出汗了，但感觉很好。A. cold冷的；B. sweaty出汗的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. shocked震惊的。根据本句中的“I’m tired”和常识可知，一边跑步时一边捡垃圾，会感到累，因此会出汗。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这些跑步捡垃圾的人，这座城市变得干净了一点。A. busier更忙碌的；B. safer更安全的；C. cleaner更干净的；D. quieter更安静的。根据本句中的“thanks to these ploggers”可知，跑步时捡垃圾让城市变得干净了点。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的努力并没有改变她最讨厌的东西：粘在路上的口香糖。A. efforts努力；B. passions激情；C. claims声称；D. dreams梦想。根据上文的“The city is a little___14__ thanks to these ploggers.”可知，跑步时捡垃圾会让城市更干净，这是作者他们为环保做出的努力，结合上文“Anna is not satisfied, though.”可知安娜对此并不满意，因为“我们”捡垃圾（即我们的努力）并没有改变她最讨厌的东西：粘在路上的口香糖。故选A项。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·福建厦门·阶段练习）Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. 1 , most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been 2 , our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are 3 over time. This conceals (隐瞒) the true 4 of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly 5 human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to 6 the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says: “Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher 7 impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and 8 with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no 9 , lost from history.” Dr Soren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied 10 roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, 11 bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that 12 these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands 13 by people. These 14 from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species 15 , the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 1. A．In other words B．On average C．As a consequence D．In short 2. A．confirmed B．recorded C．abandoned D．discussed 3. A．distracted B．disposed C．dismissed D．decomposed 4. A．extent B．context C．outcome D．influence 5. A．due to B．other than C．instead of D．in spite of 6. A．declare B．illustrate C．estimate D．emphasize 7. A．climate B．human C．environmental D．natural 8. A．connected B．coped C．lived D．competed 9. A．trace B．route C．change D．chaos 10. A．interactive B．ecological C．productive D．social 11. A．in terms of B．because of C．except for D．in addition to 12. A．count on B．cooperate with C．fight against D．keep off 13. A．inhabited B．removed C．developed D．killed 14. A．result B．range C．suffer D．date 15. A．origin B．project C．growth D．diversity 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，人类活动对鸟类多样性影响严重，直接或间接地导致了大量鸟类灭绝。这意味着世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，也将对生态系统产生连锁反应。 1. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，大多数鸟类消失了。A. In other words换句话说；B. On average平均；C. As a consequence结果；D. In short简而言之。上文“people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species”提到人类产生了深远的影响，包括森林砍伐、过度狩猎和入侵物种的引入，下文“most of the bird species disappeared”提到大多数鸟类消失了，前后为因果关系，前为原因，后为结果。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。A. confirmed确认；B. recorded记录；C. abandoned遗弃；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“these records are limited”可知，此处指自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。A. distracted使分心；B. disposed处理；C. dismissed解雇；D. decomposed分解。根据上文“birds’ lightweight bones”和下文“over time”可推知，鸟类的轻质骨骼会随着时间的推移而分解。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这掩盖了全球物种灭绝的真实程度。A. extent程度；B. context上下文；C. outcome结果；D. influence影响。根据上文“our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils, and these records are limited”可知，我们对鸟类命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因此全球物种灭绝的真实程度会被掩盖。故选A。 5. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员现在认为，自大约13万年前以来，1430种鸟类——近12%——在现代人类历史上已经灭绝，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。A. due to由于；B. other than除了；C. instead of代替；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly”和下文“human activity”可推知，此处介绍鸟类灭绝的原因，指其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由英国生态与水文中心（UKCEH）领导并发表在《自然通讯》上的研究使用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。A. declare宣布；B. illustrate说明；C. estimate估计；D. emphasize强调。根据上文“used statistical modelling to”和下文“the undiscovered bird extinctions”可推知，此处介绍该研究的研究方法，应该是用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。故选C。 7. 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，人类对生物多样性的影响远比之前认识到的要大。A. climate气候；B. human人类；C. environmental环境的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and _____8_____ with birds for food.”可知，人类迅速摧毁了鸟类种群，因此是人类对生物多样性的影响远比之前认识到的要大。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类迅速摧毁了鸟类种群，由于栖息地的丧失，过度的开发，以及老鼠、猪和狗的引入，这些动物袭击了鸟类的巢穴，并与鸟类争夺食物。A. connected连接；B. coped应对；C. lived居住；D. competed竞争。根据上文“the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests”可知，老鼠、猪和狗会袭击了鸟类的巢穴，再结合下文“with birds for food”可推知，它们还会与鸟类争夺食物。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，许多物种在有文字记载之前就灭绝了，没有留下任何痕迹，从历史中消失了。A. trace痕迹；B. route路线；C. change变化；D. chaos混乱。根据上文“many species became extinct before written records”可知，许多物种在有文字记载之前就灭绝了，因此是没有留下任何痕迹。故选A。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，其中可能包括授粉等关键功能。A. interactive交互的；B. ecological生态的；C. productive生产的；D. social社会的。根据下文“which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉)”可知，鸟类具有授粉等关键功能，因此是指它们各种各样的生态作用。故选B。 11. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. except for除了；D. in addition to除了……之外（还有）。根据下文“bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that _____12_____ these species for survival”可知，此处介绍对生态系统的连锁反应，是除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还会遭遇其他损失。故选D。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. count on依赖；B. cooperate with与……合作；C. fight against对抗；D. keep off避开。根据上文“we will have lost a lot of plants and animals”和下文“these species for survival”可推知，我们失去的是许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：观察和化石显示，640种鸟类已经灭绝，其中90%是在有人居住的岛屿上灭绝的。A. inhabited居住；B. removed移除；C. developed发展；D. killed杀害。根据上文“Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species.”可知，人们来到许多之前未开发的岛屿，产生了深远的影响，因此此处指在有人居住的岛屿上鸟类灭绝。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从毛里求斯标志性的渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到鲜为人知的圣赫勒拿岛巨鸟。A. result导致；B. range（在一定范围内）变动；C. suffer遭受；D. date确定年代。根据下文“from the iconic Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe”可知，此处是介绍鸟类灭绝的范围，应该是从毛里求斯的标志性渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到鲜为人知的圣赫勒拿岛巨鸟。固定短语range from… to…意为“范围从……到……”。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，从保护物种多样性的角度来看，保护鸟类是人类迫切需要解决的问题。A. origin起源；B. project项目；C. growth成长；D. diversity多样性。根据上文“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ____7____ impact on diversity than previously recognized.”可知，该研究显示了生物多样性被影响的程度，由此推知，此处指从保护物种多样性的角度来看。故选D。 Passage 9 （23-24高二下·四川·期末）Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean. It isn’t something most people 1 kindly. But for Omar de Vazquez, a gardener, it was something like a(an) 2 . Years ago, as part of his gardening business, Omar launched a beach cleanup service to 3 the leafy seaweed. But, as its 4 intensified (增多，加剧), he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he 5 a way to use it in building blocks. He started his company — SargaBlock to market the bricks which are being 6 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem. “When I look at SargaBlock, it’s like looking in a 7 ,” he says, comparing his company to overcoming his personal 8 , including drug and alcohol addiction. “That was a time when I felt unwanted and 9 , like the sargassum people complained about.” Luckily, Omar grew up in nature and poverty, which 10 his character and turned him into someone who takes action. He wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad. Omar then put his idea into 11 , mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials, like clay, which he then puts into a block-forming machine. The process was 12 . The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab, which 13 and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally. The idea is that some of the most timely and creative 14 come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas 15 . 1. A．look upon B．bring in C．give up D．come across 2. A．game B．gift C．race D．trouble 3. A．access B．harvest C．remove D．process 4. A．heat B．image C．presence D．movement 5. A．worked out B．called for C．showed off D．turned down 6. A．highlighted B．undervalued C．overemphasized D．withdrawn 7. A．window B．mirror C．dictionary D．puzzle 8. A．struggles B．fears C．desires D．opinions 9. A．appreciated B．infected C．interrupted D．rejected 10. A．fitted B．shaped C．revealed D．described 11. A．operation B．words C．bills D．profit 12. A．difficult B．transforming C．natural D．consuming 13. A．combines B．provides C．identifies D．drafts 14. A．responses B．reminder C．appeal D．issues 15. A．alongside B．offshore C．underneath D．firsthand 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了园艺师奥马尔决心将海藻变为资源，终在2018年发明海藻砖，创办SargaBlock公司。这些环保砖块获联合国支持，映射出他战胜个人困厄的历程。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这不是大多数人看好的东西。A. look upon看待；B. bring in引入；C. give up放弃；D. come across遇到。根据前文的“Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean.”可知，马尾藻是一种堆积在加勒比海海滩上的臭海藻，人们不喜欢这种东西， look upon意为“看待”，在此处符合句意，表达人们对海藻的态度不是积极的。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对于园艺师奥马尔·德瓦兹来说，这更像是一个礼物。A. game游戏；B. gift礼物；C. race竞赛；D. trouble麻烦。根据后文的“But, as its 4 intensified, he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he 5 a way to use it in building blocks.”可知，奥马尔找到了利用这种海藻的方法，变废为宝，所以用gift“礼物”来形容最贴切。故选B项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，作为他园艺生意的一部分，奥马尔发起了一项海滩清理服务，以清除海藻。A. access访问，进入；B. harvest收获；C. remove移除；D. process处理。根据前文的“Omar launched a beach cleanup service to”可知，奥马尔发起了一项海滩清理服务，所以要清除海藻。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，随着它的存在增强，他开始考虑如何将其变成有用的东西，并在2018年想出了一种将其用于建筑材料的方法。A. heat热；B. image形象；C. presence存在，出现；D. movement运动。根据后文的“he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he ____5____ a way to use it in building blocks.”可知，海藻出现的越来越多，变得越来越严重，他必须考虑其他方法应对。故选C项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，随着它的存在增强，他开始考虑如何将其变成有用的东西，并在2018年想出了一种将其用于建筑材料的方法。A. worked out解决；B. called for需要；C. showed off炫耀；D. turned down拒绝。根据后文的“a way to use it in building blocks”可知，他找到利用海藻的方法。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他创办了自己的公司SargaBlock，推销这种砖，联合国开发计划署（UNDP）强调这种砖是解决当前环境问题的可持续解决方案。A. highlighted突出，强调；B. undervalued低估；C. overemphasized过度强调；D. withdrawn撤回。根据后文的“by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem”可知，这种砖是解决当前环境问题的可持续解决方案，联合国开发计划署对此进行强调。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当我看着SargaBlock的时候，就像照镜子一样。”他把自己的公司比作克服自己的个人困难，包括吸毒和酗酒。A. window窗户；B. mirror镜子；C. dictionary字典；D. puzzle谜题。根据前文的“When I look at SargaBlock, it’s like looking in a”可知，这里比喻SargaBlock像一面镜子反映出他的个人经历。故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当我看着SargaBlock的时候，就像照镜子一样。”他把自己的公司比作克服自己的个人困难，包括吸毒和酗酒。A. struggles挣扎；B. fears恐惧；C. desires渴望；D. opinions观点。根据前文的“comparing his company to overcoming his personal”和后文“including drug and alcohol addiction”可知，他把自己的公司比作克服自己的个人困难，struggles指的是“斗争，挣扎”，符合个人挑战的描述。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那段时间我觉得自己不受欢迎，被拒绝，就像人们抱怨的马尾藻一样。A. appreciated欣赏；B. infected感染；C. interrupted打断；D. rejected拒绝，摈弃。根据句中“when I felt unwanted”以及后文的“like the sargassum people complained about”可知，本句描述奥马尔当时的感受，他觉得自己不受欢迎，被他人摈弃、拒绝，就像人们抱怨的马尾藻一样。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，奥马尔在自然和贫困中长大，这塑造了他的性格，使他成为一个采取行动的人。A. fitted适合；B. shaped塑造；C. revealed揭示；D. described描述。根据前文的“Luckily, Omar grew up in nature and poverty”和后文“his character and turned him into someone who takes action”可知，这里指自然和贫困的环境对他的性格形成有影响，这些塑造了他的性格。故选B项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，奥马尔将他的想法付诸实践，将40%的马尾藻与其他有机材料（如粘土）混合，然后将其放入砌块成型机中。A. operation操作；B. words话语；C. bills账单；D. profit利润。根据后文的“mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials, like clay, which he then puts into a block-forming machine”可知，奥马尔将他的想法付诸实施，创造了新的解决方案。put ... into operation意为“实施，执行”符合语境。故选A项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程正在转变。A. difficult困难的；B. transforming转变的；C. natural自然的；D. consuming重要的，令人着迷的。根据后文的“The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab, which ___13___ and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally.”可知，他的新方法得到联合国开发计划署的认可，这个过程正在转变海藻的处理方式。故选B项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：联合国开发计划署将奥马尔的作品选入其加速器实验室，该实验室负责识别和认可应对全球环境挑战的创新解决方案。A. combines结合；B. provides提供；C. identifies识别，确认；D. drafts起草。根据后文的“and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally”可知，该实验室负责识别和认可应对全球环境挑战的创新解决方案，identifies意味着“识别，确认”，符合实验室寻找并确认创新方案的职责。故选C项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的想法是，一些最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人。A. responses应对，反应，回应；B. reminder提醒物；C. appeal吸引力；D. issues议题，争论点。根据后文的“come from locals”可知，联合国开发计划署认为最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人， responses指的是“应对，反应，回应”，这里指针对环境问题的解决方案。故选A项。 15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的想法是，一些最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人。A. alongside在旁边；B. offshore近海地，离岸地；C. underneath在下面，在底下；D. firsthand直接地，第一手地。根据上文“But, as its ___4____ intensified (增多，加剧), he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he ____5___ a way to use it in building blocks. ”以及句中“come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas”可知，直接遭受困境的当地人想出创意性的解决问题的方法，即一些最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人，firsthand意味着“直接地，第一手地”符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·上海宝山·期末）Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is 1 for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main 2 of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for 3 progress against climate change. As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets 4 in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must 5 at a rare opportunity to strike one. The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to 6 methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and 7 fossil fuels. 8 are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help 9 large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid 10 will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no 11 for adding needlessly to global warming. Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, 12 , it will need rigour (缜密). Methane-control seemed to 13 at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators 14 came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since 15 . An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms. 1. A．powerful B．noticeable C．responsible D．possible 2. A．cause B．ingredient C．agent D．consequence 3. A．quick B．economic C．original D．national 4. A．under way B．in the making C．on board D．to the point 5. A．stare B．point C．come D．leap 6. A．increase B．stabilize C．reduce D．balance 7. A．imported B．localized C．exported D．globalized 8. A．Revolutions B．Evolutions C．Resolutions D．Innovations 9. A．create B．activate C．decrease D．spot 10. A．disasters B．delays C．emissions D．examinations 11. A．loss B．punishment C．abuse D．defeat 12. A．however B．therefore C．further D．once 13. A．pay off B．make out C．run out D．take off 14. A．noisily B．admittedly C．reluctantly D．accidentally 15. A．declined B．disappeared C．swung D．risen 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了世界必须采取措施来控制甲烷。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在20年的时间里，它的加热能力是二氧化碳的80倍以上，并且对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。A. powerful有力量的；B. noticeable显而易见的；C. responsible负责任的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide”可知，甲烷对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为天然气的主要组成部分，能源行业是人为甲烷排放的主要来源。 A. cause原因；B. ingredient成分；C. agent代理人；D. consequence结果。根据空后“of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry”及常识可知，天然气的主要组成是甲烷。故选B项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，甲烷的寿命较短，因此控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。A. quick快速的；B. economic经济的；C. original原始的；D. national国家的。根据上文“Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance”可知，控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。故选A项。 4. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：随着联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开，有关甲烷的协议达成的可能性很大，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象。 A. under way进行中；B. in the making正在形成中；C. on board在船上；D. to the point切题。根据上文“As COP28, the UN’s climate summit”可知，联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开。故选A项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈判者必须把握这一难得的机会。 A. stare盯着；B. point指向；C. come来；D. leap赶紧抓住（机会）。根据上文“the chances of such a deal on methane are good”可知，机会难得，要抓住。固定搭配leap at“迅速抓住（机会、机遇等）”。故选D项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定，包括对泄漏的管道和储存设施的控制措施。A. increase增加；B. stabilize稳固；C. reduce减少；D. balance平衡。根据下文“including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage”可知，美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定。故选C项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，欧盟也制定了严格的甲烷标准，覆盖国内和进口化石燃料。 A. imported进口的；B. localized局部的；C. exported出口的；D. globalized使全球化的。根据上文“domestic sources”可知，与国内相对应的是进口燃料。故选A项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：创新技术的应用也在起到作用。 A. Revolutions革命；B. Evolutions进化；C. Resolutions决议；D. Innovations创新。根据下文“A range of new technologies”可知，创新技术也起了作用。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一系列监测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。A. create创造；B. activate激活；C. decrease减少；D. spot发现。根据上文“monitoring methane”可知，测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。故选D项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于石油和天然气公司可以销售甲烷（而非浪费性地燃烧或排放），许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。A. disasters灾难；B. delays拖延；C. emissions排放；D. examinations考试。根据上文“releasing it”可知，许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。故选C项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管原因如何，他们对无谓加剧全球变暖的行为并未受到惩罚。A. loss丢失；B. punishment惩罚；C. abuse虐待，凌辱；D. defeat打败。根据上文“Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers.”可知，他们没有受到惩罚。故选B项。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，要确保全球甲烷协议不仅仅是表面的环保措施，它必须具备严谨性。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. further进一步；D. once曾经。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系。故选B项。 13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。 A. pay off回报；B. make out弄清楚；C. run out耗尽；D. take off起飞，脱下。根据下文“when negotiators  ____14____  came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030.”可知，甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步。故选D项。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。A. noisily吵闹地；B. admittedly不可否认地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. accidentally 意外地。联合国气候峰会来自不同的国家，国情完全不同，所以达成一致较为困难，无所以是吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。故选A项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，该协议是自愿的，没有执行机制；自那以后排放量增加了。A. declined拒绝；B. disappeared 消失；C. swung摆动；D. risen上涨。根据上文“had no enforcement mechanisms  (机制)”可知，缺乏执行机制导致放量反而有所上升。故选D项。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）As the sweet smell of pears and apples spreads in the air, drawing a stream of visitors to the orchard (果园) in Karamay’s Baijiantan district, an elderly man is seen doing the rounds of it on an electric bike. Sometimes, he stops to water the trees or prune (修剪) the grass, determined to ensure every single tree reaches its full 1 . The 2 of this forest was once a dump (垃圾场). It was the man, Wang Yanming, who planted the trees many years ago, creating the shade visitors can now all enjoy on hot summer afternoons. Wang oversees the greening work, planting trees and flowers, and often helps people to remove 3 from the dump. “In 4 days, strong wind turn sand particles and tiny rocks into arrows that 5 our hands and faces. I 6 wanted to do something to improve the situation,” Wang tells China Daily. Inspired by his 7 , workers from nearby factories 8 the example, turning afforestation (造林) into a trend in the desert and wilderness soon made way for green forests. Wang’s continuous effort over the decades 9 a wasteland into a green forest in the middle of the Gobi Desert. It is quite 10 that the orchard is called Yanming Park after the 90-year-old. Yanming Park has become an informal 11 centre for youth. Young men and women often come to listen to stories told by Wang and his teammates about the 12 of the olden days. “I am glad to have made a small contribution to protect the environment 13 . I feel delighted when my green mission 14 others to care for nature. I hope our community spirit will be 15 for generations and that Karamay will stay evergreen,” says Wang. 1. A．extinction B．function C．devotion D．potential 2. A．capacity B．division C．location D．front 3. A．rubber B．dust C．mixture D．garbage 4. A．snowy B．windy C．rainy D．sunny 5. A．hurt B．blur C．explode D．calculate 6. A．mercifully B．violently C．desperately D．guiltily 7. A．dignity B．determination C．admission D．foundation 8. A．gathered B．extended C．followed D．sponsored 9. A．separated B．transported C．transformed D．channelled 10. A．ridiculous B．natural C．typical D．occasional 11. A．election B．virtue C．entertainment D．education 12. A．beauty B．beliefs C．difficulties D．complaints 13. A．successfully B．attractively C．blindly D．effortlessly 14. A．entrusts B．embarrasses C．motivates D．persuades 15. A．fallen away B．passed down C．tested out D．withdrawn from 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了90岁的新疆老人王延明多年坚持植树，将一篇垃圾场改造为森林的故事。在他的决心的鼓舞下，附近工厂的工人们也仿效他的做法，在沙漠中植树造林成为一种趋势，荒野很快被绿色的森林取代。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他停下来给树浇水或修剪草，决心确保每棵树都能充分发挥其潜力。A. extinction灭绝；B. function功能；C. devotion奉献；D. potential潜能。根据上文“he stops to water the trees or prune the grass, determined to ensure every single tree reaches its full”可知，精心照料树木和草坪是为了让每棵树都能充分发挥其潜力。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这片森林的位置曾经是一个垃圾场。A. capacity能力；B. division分开；C. location位置；D. front前面。根据后文“of this forest was once a dump”指这片森林的位置曾经是一个垃圾场。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：王监督绿化工作，种树种花，并经常帮助人们从垃圾场清理垃圾。A. rubber橡胶；B. dust灰尘；C. mixture混合物；D. garbage垃圾。根据后文“from the dump”指从垃圾场清理出垃圾。故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在刮风的日子里，强风把沙粒和小岩石变成箭，伤了我们的手和脸。A. snowy下雪的；B. windy多风的；C. rainy下雨的；D. sunny晴朗的。根据后文“strong wind”可知是刮风的天气。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在刮风的日子里，强风把沙粒和小岩石变成箭，伤了我们的手和脸。A. hurt伤害；B. blur(使)看不清楚；C. explode爆炸；D. calculate计算。根据上文“turns sand particles and tiny rocks into arrows”可知，强风吹起的沙粒和小岩石像箭一样变成箭，弄伤了他们的手和脸。故选A。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我非常想做点什么来改善这种状况，”王告诉《中国日报》。A. mercifully仁慈地；B. violently暴力地；C. desperately非常；D. guiltily内疚地。根据上文“strong wind turn sand particles and tiny rocks into arrows that ____5____ our hands and faces. ”、后文“wanted to do something to improve the situation”以及上文他坚持植树造林绿化工作，王延明非常非常想做一些事来改善当地恶劣环境。故选C。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的决心的鼓舞下，附近工厂的工人们也仿效他的做法，在沙漠中植树造林成为一种趋势，荒野很快被绿色的森林取代了。A. dignity尊严；B. determination决心；C. admission承认；D. foundation基础。根据上文“wanted to do something to improve the situation”可知，是指在他的决心的鼓舞下，附近工厂的工人们也仿效他的做法，故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的决心的鼓舞下，附近工厂的工人们也仿效他的做法，在沙漠和荒野中植树造林成为一种趋势，绿色的森林很快就被取代了。A. gathered聚集；B. extended延伸；C. followed跟随，仿效；D. sponsored赞助。根据后文“the example, turning afforestation into a trend in the desert and wilderness soon made way for green forests”指附近工厂的工人们也仿效他的做法，在沙漠中植树造林成为一种趋势，荒野很快被绿色的森林取代了。故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几十年的不懈努力，他把戈壁沙漠中的一片荒地变成了一片绿林。A. separated分开；B. transported运输；C. transformed改变；D. channelled为……引资，（经过通道）输送。根据后文“a wasteland into a green forest in the middle of the Gobi Desert”指把戈壁沙漠中的一片荒地变成了一片绿林，应用transform... into“把……变成……”符合语境。故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个果园以这位90岁老人的名字命名为延明园，这是很自然的。A. ridiculous可笑的；B. natural正常的，自然的，意料之中的；C. typical典型的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据“Wang’s continuous effort over the decades”以及“a green forest in the middle of the Gobi Desert”可知，老人几十年的努力把荒地变成了一片绿林，所以这个果园以这位90岁老人的名字命名为延明园，这是很自然的、意料之中的事情。故选B。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：延明园已经成为一个非正式的青年教育中心。A. election选举；B. virtue美德；C. entertainment娱乐；D. education教育。根据后文“Young men and women often come to listen to stories told by Wang”可知，延明园已经成为一个非正式的青年教育中心。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻男女经常来听王和他的队友讲述过去的困难。A. beauty美丽；B. beliefs信念；C. difficulties困难；D. complaints抱怨。根据上文“strong wind turns sand particles and tiny rocks into arrows”可知，王延明给年轻人讲述过去的恶劣环境以及绿化遇到的困难。故选C。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴能成功地为保护环境做出一点贡献。A. successfully成功地；B. attractively迷人地；C. blindly盲目地；D. effortlessly轻松地。根据上文“I am glad to have made a small contribution to protect the environment”可知，此处指他们成功保护了环境。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的绿色使命激励别人关爱自然时，我感到很高兴。A. entrusts委托；B. embarrasses使尴尬；C. motivates激励；D. persuades说服。根据后文“others to care for nature”以及上文公园成为了青少年的教育中心，可知他的举动激励了他人关爱自然。故选C。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我希望我们的社区精神将代代相传，克拉玛依将保持常青。”王说。A. fallen away减少，消散；B. passed down传递；C. tested out考验；D. withdrawn from退出。根据后文“for generations and that Karamay will stay evergreen”可知，此处指希望把社区精神传递下去。故选B。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Trends come and go. Many goods that people buy to 1 fashion end up in the rubbish bin. Now young American people are giving these things a second 2 . Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and 3 them. They are mainly in big cities like New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. Anne Brown, 27, is one of them. Anne first stooped in June 2022 when many residents in a community left their 4 on the street after they moved house. After that, she often “ 5 treasures” in her free time. Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing. “Though many people say stooping is like collecting 6 , for me, it’s making the best of things,” the 27-year-old digital marketer said. That’s why she wanted to 7 the trend to others. Whenever she spots goods that are 8 used and she doesn’t need them, Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts to 9 others to pick them up. Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping. The 10 of “one man’s trash is another man’s treasure” is what attracts her most. She said since her childhood, her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations 11 the period during which goods were in 12 shortage. “Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India,” Carmen said. Despite this, Carmen admitted that many teenagers, including herself, are sometimes 13 consumption, leading to significant waste. This realization urged her to start stooping this year. Carmen added that the first time she used paper from books 14 by students on campus to make paper roses, she felt excited. “During the process of stooping, I start to observe my surroundings, which I had 15 taken for granted (想当然),” she said. 1. A．put up with B．do away with C．be familiar with D．keep pace with 2. A．goal B．deal C．life D．rule 3. A．restrict B．reserve C．reuse D．review 4. A．belongings B．pets C．fruits D．plants 5. A．displayed B．hunted C．purchased D．buried 6. A．paper B．cloth C．money D．garbage 7. A．promote B．return C．throw D．adjust 8. A．similarly B．barely C．blindly D．secretly 9. A．forbid B．force C．guide D．order 10. A．greeting B．hobby C．diary D．philosophy 11. A．survived B．valued C．wasted D．overlooked 12. A．occasional B．serious C．temporary D．slight 13. A．sensitive to B．close to C．addicted to D．equal to 14. A．treasured B．packed C．posted D．abandoned 15. A．beneficially B．previously C．dangerously D．responsibly 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍美国年轻人中兴起的一种成为“旧物猎人”趋势，他们收集并重新利用废弃物品，给予这些物品第二次生命。文章以27岁的Anne Brown和16岁的Carmen Smith为例，讲述了她们捡拾和改造废弃物品的经历，Anne通过社交媒体推广这种趋势，而Carmen则受到这种生活方式的启发，开始关注并珍惜周围的资源。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们为了赶时髦而购买的许多商品最后都被扔进了垃圾箱。A. put up with忍受；B. do away with废除；C. be familiar with熟悉；D. keep pace with跟上。根据上文“Many goods that people buy to”和下文“fashion”可推知，人们买这些商品是为了跟上潮流，也就是赶时髦。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，美国的年轻人正在赋予这些东西第二次生命。A. goal目标；B. deal交易；C. life生命；D. rule规则。根据下文“Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing.”可知，属于旧物猎人的Anne在自己的生活中再次使用这些收集来的闲置物品，因此是赋予这些东西第二次生命。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被称为“旧物猎人”，他们收集闲置物品并重新利用它们。A. restrict限制；B. reserve保留；C. reuse重新利用；D. review回顾。根据下文“Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing.”可知，属于旧物猎人的Anne在自己的生活中再次使用这些收集来的闲置物品，因此是重新利用它们。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Anne第一次弯腰捡废弃物是在2022年6月，当时一个社区的许多居民在搬家后将物品留在街上。A. belongings所有物；B. pets宠物；C. fruits水果；D. plants植物。根据下文“after they moved house”可推知，这些搬家的居民会把剩余不需要的物品留在街上。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她经常在空闲时间“寻宝”。A. displayed展示；B. hunted搜寻；C. purchased购买；D. buried埋葬。根据上文“Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and ___3___ them.”可知，旧物猎人会收集闲置物品，因此是在空闲时间“寻宝”。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位27岁的数字营销人员说：“虽然很多人说弯腰捡废弃物就像捡垃圾，但对我来说，这是在尽力而为。”A. paper纸张；B. cloth布料；C. money金钱；D. garbage垃圾。根据上文“Though many people say stooping is like collecting”和下文“for me, it’s making the best of things,”可知，此处有让步关系，Anne自己认为这是在尽力而为，很多人的想法应该是与此不同，认为弯腰捡废弃物就像捡垃圾。故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么她想把这种趋势推广给其他人。A. promote推广；B. return返回；C. throw扔；D. adjust调整。根据上文“for me, it’s making the best of things”可知，Anne自己认为这是在尽力而为，因此她会想把这种趋势推广给其他人。故选A。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：每当Anne发现几乎没有使用或者不需要的物品时，她就会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，引导别人把它们捡起来。A. similarly同样地；B. barely几乎不；C. blindly盲目地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“they pick up idle (闲置的) goods”可知，旧物猎人会收集闲置物品，因此此处指发现几乎没有使用的物品，这样的物品便于回收再利用。故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当Anne发现很少使用或者不需要的物品时，她就会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，引导别人把它们捡起来。A. forbid禁止；B. force强迫；C. guide引导；D. order命令。根据上文“Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts”可知，Anne会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，可推知她这样做的目的是引导别人把它们捡起来。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝藏”的哲学最吸引她。A. greeting问候；B. hobby爱好；C. diary日记；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“one man’s trash is another man’s treasure”可知，“一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝藏”是一种哲学理念。故选D。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，从她小时候起，她来自印度的家人就经常讲述过去几代人如何在物资严重短缺的时期生存下来的故事。A. survived幸存；B. valued重视；C. wasted浪费；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations”和下文“the period during which goods were in ___12___ shortage”可推知，家人经常讲述的故事应该是过去几代人如何在物资短缺的时期生存下来。故选A。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，从她小时候起，她来自印度的家人就经常讲述过去几代人如何在物资严重短缺的时期生存下来的故事。A. occasional偶尔的；B. serious严重的；C. temporary暂时的；D. slight轻微的。根据下文“Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India”可知，节俭一直是印度的传统美德，由此推知，先辈们应该是熬过物资严重短缺的时期，养成了这样的美德。故选B。 13. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：尽管如此，Carmen承认，包括她自己在内的许多青少年有时会沉迷于消费，导致严重的浪费。A. sensitive to对……敏感；B. close to接近；C. addicted to沉迷于；D. equal to等于。根据下文“leading to significant waste”可推知，许多青少年有时会沉迷于消费，从而导致严重的浪费。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carmen补充说，她第一次用学生们丢弃的书本纸来做纸玫瑰时，她感到很兴奋。A. treasured珍视；B. packed打包；C. posted邮寄；D. abandoned遗弃。根据上文“Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping.”可知，Carmen也喜欢弯腰捡废弃物，因此使用的是学生们丢弃的书本纸。故选D。 15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“在弯腰捡废弃物的过程中，我开始观察周围的环境，而以前我认为这是理所当然的。”A. beneficially有益地；B. previously以前；C. dangerously危险地；D. responsibly负责地。根据上文“had”和下文“taken for granted (想当然)”可知，此处时态用了过去完成时，因此是指她以前认为这是理所当然的。故选B。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·浙江杭州·期中）The suburb I live in backs on to a large nature reserve. One morning I saw a koala (考拉) sitting in a palm tree in my front yard. I phoned around to ask what I could 1 this koala, but no one wanted to know. I ended up 2 the koala out of my tree and we crossed the road 3 for him to return to the nature reserve. I’ve always been befriending animals. As a young kid I used to pick up lizard eggs and 4 them. It stimulated my interest as to why there wasn’t anyone wanting to come and 5 this koala in my tree. After that, I signed up for all the 6 I could find. Once I had accreditation (合格证 ), I volunteered with the RSPCA in 2019, rehabilitating (使康复) wildlife. I was an ambulance driver, 7 overnight rescues. We rescued hundreds of animals and 8 more. One day, I thought why not 9 my own rescue group focusing on my backyard? I purchased a two-acre property and built enclosures on it to 10 injured animals. Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees (桉树), with seven varieties to 11 the koalas. I cut the leaves of the eucalyptus trees for the koalas to eat and look after the 12 wildlife at our centre. If they recover, they are 13 back to where they come from. As a kid I would never have imagined doing this. I feel like I’m the 14 girl on the planet that I get to do what I love. I believe it’s my 15 . After Japan discharged nuclear wastewater, people are terribly worried about more animals, especially marine animals. Any animal has the right to survive and the Earth is our common home. Please care for our animal friends. 1. A．learn from B．do about C．require of D．save for 2. A．kicking B．shooting C．coaching D．blowing 3. A．together B．illegally C．angrily D．guiltily 4. A．roll B．sell C．break D．hatch 5. A．rescue B．admire C．purchase D．identify 6. A．courses B．races C．fairs D．shows 7. A．watching B．recording C．attending D．assessing 8. A．made out B．ran across C．gave up D．cared for 9. A．leave B．start C．dismiss D．advertise 10. A．house B．hunt C．train D．amuse 11. A．confuse B．direct C．feed D．test 12. A．aggressive B．hungry C．deserted D．injured 13. A．sold B．released C．thrown D．dragged 14. A．quietest B．greediest C．noisiest D．luckiest 15. A．guess B．calling C．treat D．fault 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只考拉之后，用自己的行动帮助救治更多的野生动物，并从中获得幸福感的故事。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我给周围的人打了电话，问我能对这只考拉做些什么，但没有人想知道。A. learn from学习；B. do about做什么；C. require of要求；D. save for储蓄。根据第二段中“I’ve always been befriending animals.”可知，作者喜爱动物，想为考拉做点什么。故选B项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我把考拉从我的树上引导了出来，我们一起穿过马路，让它回到自然保护区。A. kicking踢；B. shooting射击；C. coaching训练，指导；D. blowing吹。根据常识和后文“the koala out of my tree”并结合选项可知，作者引导着考拉从树上下来。故选C项。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. together一起；B. illegally不合法地；C. angrily生气地；D. guiltily愧疚地。根据后文“for him to return to the nature reserve”可知，作者和考拉一起穿过马路，安全把它送回自然保护区。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常捡起蜥蜴蛋并孵化它们。A. roll滚；B. sell卖；C. break打破；D. hatch孵化。根据语境和前文“As a young kid I used to pick up lizard eggs”可知，作者爱动物，捡了蜥蜴蛋并孵化它们。故选D项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激发了我的兴趣，为什么没有人愿意来救我树上的这只考拉。A. rescue救助，营救；B. admire羡慕；C. purchase买；D. identify确认。根据前文“One morning I saw a koala (考拉) sitting in a palm tree in my front yard. I phoned around to ask what I could 　　1　　 this koala, but no one wanted to know.”可知，考拉困在树上，需要救助，所以作者想为什么没有人过来救助这只考拉。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我报名参加了我能找到的所有课程。A. courses课程；B. races比赛；C. fairs事务；D. shows展出。根据第三段中“Once I had accreditation (合格证)”可知，作者为了更好地保护动物，报名学习课程。故选A项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是一名救护车司机，参加了夜间救援。A. watching看；B. recording记录；C. attending参加；D. assessing评价。根据后文“We rescued hundreds of animals”可知，为了营救动物，作者参加了夜间救援。故选C项。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们救助了数百只动物，并更加关心他们。A. made out看清，理解；B. ran across偶然遇到；C. gave up放弃；D. cared for照顾。根据前文“We rescued hundreds of animals”可知，作者喜爱动物，救助并照顾它们。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我想，为什么不成立自己的救援小组，专注于我的后院呢？A. leave留下；B. start创办；C. dismiss解雇；D. advertise做广告。根据后文“my own rescue group focusing on my backyard”可知，作者开始建立自己的救援小组。故选B项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我买了一块两英亩的土地，并在上面建了围栏来安置受伤的动物。A. house给……提供住宿；B. hunt打猎；C. train训练；D. amuse玩乐。根据前文“I purchased a two-acre property and built enclosures on it”可知，作者购买土地，并建造围栏来安置受伤的动物。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，我种了300棵桉树，有7个品种供考拉食用。A. confuse使疑惑；B. direct指导；C. feed喂养；D. test测试。根据前文“Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees(桉树), with seven varieties to”可知，作者种了七种桉树去喂养考拉。故选C项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我砍下桉树的叶子给考拉吃，并照顾我们中心受伤的野生动物。A. aggressive好斗的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. deserted被抛弃的；D. injured受伤的。根据后文“If they recover, they are 　　13　　 back to where they come from.”可知，作者照顾受伤的考拉。故选D项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它们康复了，就会被放回到它们来的地方。A. sold卖；B. released放走；C. thrown扔；D. dragged拖拽。根据后文“back to where they come from”可知，如果考拉们康复，它们会被放回到它们来的地方。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我是这个星球上最幸运的女孩，我可以做我喜欢的事情。A. quietest最安静的；B. greediest最贪婪的；C. noisiest最吵闹的；D. luckiest最幸运的。根据后文“I get to do what I love”可知，作者能做自己喜欢的事，她觉得自己是最幸运的。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是我的使命。A. guess猜测；B. calling使命；C. treat看待；D. fault错误。根据前文“As a kid I would never have imagined doing this. I feel like I’m the 　　14　　 girl on the planet that I get to do what I love.”可知，作者热爱动物，将帮助救治更多的野生动物视为自己的使命。故选B项。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The 1 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 2 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 3 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 4 among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 5 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 6 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 7 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This 8 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 9 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 10 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 11 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 12 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 13 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its 15 as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true. 1. A．crowds B．stories C．reporters D．settlements 2. A．age B．face C．name D．position 3. A．crazy B．doubtful C．serious D．pessimistic 4. A．grass B．stones C．camps D．equipment 5. A．new B．special C．necessary D．significant 6. A．paying off B．blowing up C．fading away D．spreading out 7. A．experiment B．experience C．atmosphere D．intervention 8. A．view B．reason C．quality D．purpose 9. A．holding on to B．going back to C．living up to D．giving way to 10. A．changes B．permits C．improves D．dominates 11. A．add B．match C．count D．imagine 12. A．lake B．road C．desert D．village 13. A．Directly B．Finally C．Obviously D．Frequently 14. A．fresh B．little C．artificial D．permanent 15. A．reward B．ecology C．history D．reputation 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者听说乞力马扎罗山被众多的游客破坏得面目全非了，对此将信将疑，于是亲自登山体验，却看到了全然相反的景象的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。A. crowds人群；B. stories故事；C. reporters记者；D. settlements定居点，住宅区。根据上文“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，去乞力马扎罗山的游客很多，所以拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。A. age年龄；B. face面貌；C. name名字；D. position位置，地位。根据上文“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，山上的冰川消失，山体的面貌会发生变化。故选B项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听到这些新闻报道，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅行目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。A. crazy疯狂的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. serious严重的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据下文“other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.”可知，其它地方都被称为“更纯粹”的自然体验，所以作者对关于乞力马扎罗山的报道感到怀疑。故选B项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的，关于营地建立在成堆的垃圾中的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。A. grass草；B. stones石头；C. camps营地；D. equipment设备。根据上文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports”和下文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，报道中说营地周围都是成堆的垃圾，但作者发现的情况相反。故选C项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在取得成效。A. new新的；B. special特别的；C. necessary必要的；D. significant显著的。根据“but”可知，环境挑战虽然巨大，但还是取得了成功，上下文是转折关系。故选D项。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在取得成效。A. paying off取得成功；B. blowing up爆炸；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. spreading out散开，传播。根据上文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，地方政府作出的努力取得了成效，乞力马扎罗山的环境得到改善。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，乞力马扎罗山最好的体验并不是登顶。A. experiment实验；B. experience体验，经历；C. atmosphere气氛；D. intervention干预，干涉。根据下文“ This 8 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers...”可知，作者说的是对登山过程的体验。故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种观点在乞力马扎罗山上尤其明显，因为登山者在几公里的空间里要穿过五个生态系统。A. view观点；B. reason原因；C. quality质量；D. purpose目的。上文“The best of a Kilimanjaro 7 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top.”作者表明了自己的观点，结合下文“climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers”可知，登乞力马扎罗山的过程中要穿过五个生态系统，证明了“最好的体验并不是登顶”这一观点。故选A项。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它在3000米处突然结束，让位给低矮植物的土地。A. holding on to坚持；B. going back to回到；C. living up to符合；D. giving way to让步，让位给。根据上文“ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters”和下文“lands of low growing plants”可知，随着海拔的上升，山脚的热带雨林被低矮植物所代替，让位给低矮植物。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：再往上走，天气就变了——低云笼罩着长满茂密草地的山坡。A. changes改变；B. permits允许；C. improves改善；D. dominates支配；统治。结合常识和下文“low clouds envelope the mountainsides”可知，随着海拔的上升，天气发生了变化。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我数了数，在我站的地方有十二种深浅不一的绿色。A. add增加；B. match匹配；C. count数；D. imagine想象。根据下文“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数了颜色的种类。故选C项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。A. lake湖；B. road道路；C. desert沙漠；D. village村庄。根据下文“gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. ”可知，这是高原沙漠的地貌特征。故选C项。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，你爬到一个类似北极的地区，那里有永久的积雪和冰川，可能很快就会消失。A. Directly直接地；B. Finally最后；C. Obviously显然地；D. Frequently频繁地。根据下文“an arctic-like zone”和“snow and the glaciers”可知，最后到达了山顶。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，你爬到一个类似北极的地区，那里有永久的积雪和冰川，可能很快就会消失。A. fresh新鲜的；B. little小的；C. artificial人造的；D. permanent永久的。根据上文“arctic-like zone”可知，山顶类似北极，有永久积雪和冰川。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一座人山人海、游客络绎不绝、破坏和平气氛的山峰，乞力马扎罗山名符其实吗？A. reward奖励；B. ecology生态学；C. history历史；D. reputation名声，声誉。根据下文“a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace”可知，这是作者亲自登乞力马扎罗之前，新闻中报道的乞力马扎罗的名声。故选D项。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·湖南邵阳·期中）Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time 1 he forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2 at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 3 by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me 4 . When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the 5 climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, 6 the steps I could take to change the world, 7 I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and 8 The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 9 of protecting the ocean. Gradually, I realized how much humans 10 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 11 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver last year. Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to 12 the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the 13 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home. Protecting the ocean is very 14 and I’ll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will 15 me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings. 1. A．exploring B．transforming C．extending D．constructing 2. A．shifted B．appeared C．stretched D．stopped 3. A．destroyed B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4. A．scared B．excited C．addicted D．disappointed 5. A．progress B．threat C．opportunity D．image 6. A．avoiding B．counting C．highlighting D．considering 7. A．then B．yet C．thus D．moreover 8. A．lead B．follow C．recognize D．prevent 9. A．efficiency B．awareness C．memory D．confidence 10. A．paid back B．adapted to C．depended on D．kept up 11. A．mood B．imagination C．hobby D．experience 12. A．turn down B．hold back C．add up D．contribute to 13. A．introduction B．influence C．advertisement D．prediction 14. A．risky B．impractical C．shocking D．crucial 15. A．join B．respect C．teach D．guide 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在毛里求斯长大，热爱大自然，长大后开始致力于海洋环境保护。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的房子后面，有一座名为Le Pouce的山，我小时候在那里花了很多时间探索森林。A. exploring探索；B. transforming转换；C. extending扩大；D. constructing构造。根据上文“Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature.(我在毛里求斯长大，热爱大自然)”可知，指作者小时候探索森林。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的探索本能止步于水边。A. shifted转移；B. appeared出现；C. stretched拉长；D. stopped停止。根据后文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及上文However表示转折，以后文提到作者害怕进入海洋，所以是探索本能止步于水边。故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，但是进入海洋的想法使我感到害怕。A. destroyed破坏；B. surrounded围绕；C. covered覆盖；D. represented代表。根据后文“by the Indian Ocean”指毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，故选B。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，但是进入海洋的想法使我感到害怕。A. scared害怕的；B. excited激动的；C. addicted沉迷的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文提到作者不探索水边，说明害怕进入海洋，上文even though引导让步状语从句，表示转折。后文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”也是提示。故选A。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始了解气候变化给岛国带来的威胁，并开始对保护环境产生兴趣。A. progress进步；B. threat威胁；C. opportunity机会；D. image图片。根据后文“climate change presented to island countries”以及常识，气候变化会给岛国带来威胁。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看了自然纪录片，想着我可以采取哪些措施来改变世界，但我仍然不知道如何有效地实现它。A. avoiding避免；B. counting计算；C. highlighting突出；D. considering考虑。根据后文“the steps I could take to change the world”指作者开始考虑采取哪些措施来改变世界，故选D。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我看了自然纪录片，想着我可以采取哪些措施来改变世界，但我仍然不知道如何有效地实现它。A. then然后；B. yet然而；C. thus因此；D. moreover此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用yet。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我参加了国家地理学会的探索保护课程，这使我走上了帮助启动和领导海洋项目的道路，这是一个致力于帮助人们了解海洋和提高人们保护海洋意识的组织。A. lead带领；B. follow跟随；C. recognize识别；D. prevent阻止。根据后文“The Oceanic Project, an organization”指作者领导海洋项目，故选A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我参加了国家地理学会的探索保护课程，这使我走上了帮助启动和领导海洋项目的道路，这是一个致力于帮助人们了解海洋和提高人们保护海洋意识的组织。A. efficiency效率；B. awareness意识；C. memory记忆；D. confidence自信。根据上文“an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s”可知，环保组织致力于帮助人们了解海洋和提高人们保护海洋意识，故选B。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，我意识到人类是多么依赖海洋的自然资源，它并不像我想象的那么危险。A. paid back偿还；B. adapted to适应；C. depended on依靠；D. kept up坚持。根据后文“the ocean for its natural resources”可知，人类依赖海洋的自然资源。故选C。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的恐惧源于童年时掉进河里的一次经历。A. mood情绪；B. imagination想象力；C. hobby爱好；D. experience经历。根据后文“of falling into a river in my childhood”可知，作者的恐惧源于童年时掉进河里的一次经历。故选D。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：潜水现在在我的生活中扮演着重要的角色，我致力于保护水下环境。A. turn down拒绝；B. hold back克制；C. add up加起来；D. contribute to有助于。根据上文“I started developing an interest in protecting the environment”可知，作者致力于保护水下环境。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一位家长告诉我，她的儿子回家后坚持要把家里的塑料物品换成竹制物品时，这个活动的影响让我深受鼓舞。A. introduction介绍；B. influence影响；C. advertisement广告；D. prediction预测。根据后文“of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home”可知，作者受鼓舞，是因为一个活动的影响。故选B。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护海洋是非常重要的，我将继续致力于它。A. risky有风险的；B. impractical不完美的；C. shocking可怕的；D. crucial重要的。根据后文“and I’ll keep devoting myself to it”可知，作者将继续致力于保护海洋，因为这是重要的。故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地希望更多的人加入我的行列。A. join加入；B. respect尊重；C. teach教学；D. guide指导。根据后文“Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.(只有通过每个人的努力，我们才能使世界成为人类的美好之地)”可知，作者呼吁更多人加入环保活动中。故选A。 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 43 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$