专题01 名词 & 冠词（讲练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）

专题01名词、冠词 第一部分 名词 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 名词词义辨析 · 在具体语境下考查名词的词义辨析，主要以同类词、近义词、形近词的形式出现 名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查，考查的命题点有：名词的词义辨析、名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。 名词的数 · 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式，不可数名词及修饰语，不可数名词的数量表达 名词所有格 · -’s所有格的构成及用法，双重所有格的构成‌ 考点一 名词词义辨析 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths. A．problem B．project C．pollution D．progress 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经过一个月的努力，这个女孩在数学上取得了很大进步。 考查名词辨析。problem问题；project项目；pollution污染；progress进步。make much progress in“在……取得进步”，故选D。 中考高频易混易错名词梳理 1. accident和event 词条 含义 用法 accident 意外的事件 特指不幸的意外事故 event 重大事件 一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件 2. noise, voice, sound 词条 含义 用法 noise 噪音;喧闹声 noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”, 常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 voice 嗓音 指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音；或指鸟叫声。 sound 声音 泛指人们听到的各种“声音”, 可以是人或动物的声音, 也可以是大自然的任何声音。 3. news, message和information 词条 含义 用法 news （不可数名词）意为“新闻，消息” 通常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的消息。 message （可数名词）信息；音信；口信；短信 通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。 information （不可数名词）信息 通常指通过观察、学习、阅读和交谈得到的资料、信息等。 4. weather和climate 词条 含义 用法 weather 天气 指某一时间内的天气情况，涉及范围较小，持续时间较短 climate 气候 指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况，涉及范围较大，持续时间较长 5. amount和number 词条 用法 例句 an amount of 后接不可数名词 an amount of money a number of 后接可数名词 a number of students 6. cause、reason 和excuse 词条 用法 例句 cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth the cause of the fire 引起火灾的原因 reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 迟到的原因 excuse 指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。 make an excuse 找借口 7. problem和question 词条 用法 problem 常和困难联系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise question 常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer 连用 8. trip, journey, travel和voyage 词条 用法 trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行 journey 指稍长的旅途 travel 是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行 voyage 指海上航行 9. advice, suggestion 词条 用法 advice 多指“忠告；劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an, many, a few等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some, much, a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice, ask for advice等。 suggestion 多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a, some, many, a few等直接修饰,有复数形式。 常见搭配有give a suggestion, make a suggestion等。 10.instruction ，direction与introduction 词条 用法 instruction 意为“指示；命令；用法说明”。通常指详细的、需要遵循的说明或指示，可以是操作指南或计算机指令等。 introduction 通常指介绍、引导或初步了解，多指对事物性质、形状等特点的“介绍”。 direction 更多地指向方向或指引，可以是地理上的方位指示，也可以是行动上的指引。 11.（形似辨析）prize，price，pride 词条 用法 price n. 价格例： the price of... ……的价格(修饰price 常用high/low, 不用cheap/ expensive.) prize n. 奖品； 例： win the first prize 获得一等奖 pride n. 自豪；骄傲 短语： take pride in v. 以…为傲 12.custom和habit 词条 用法 custom 则指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯。 habit 通常指一个人长时间养成的自然"习惯"。 考点二 名词的数 考法01 可数名词及其单、复数 1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）These nice (photo) were taken by my teachers last week. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意：这些漂亮的照片是我的老师上周拍的。photo“照片”，可数名词。被These修饰，应用其复数形式。故填photos。 2．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）There are many (sheep) eating grass over there. 【答案】sheep 【详解】句意：那边有许多羊在吃草。根据“many”可知，其后面接名词复数，sheep“绵羊”，其复数还是“sheep”，故填sheep。 3．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Last winter holiday, we met some (German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 【答案】Germans 【详解】句意：去年寒假，我们在哈尔滨遇到了一些德国人。他们非常喜欢哈尔滨。根据“They liked Harbin so much.”可知此处指人，德国人，some后接复数。German复数加s。故填Germans。 4．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时，变为复数时，需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数；hero的复数是heroes，因此women heroes符合句意，故选B。 考法02 不可数名词 1.（2024·浙江·模拟预测）He now treats everyone with kindness and w , spreading love everywhere he goes. 【答案】(w)armth 【详解】句意：他现在对每个人都很友善和温暖，把爱传播到每一个他去的地方。根据“spreading love everywhere he goes”及首字母w可推出，对每个人都友善和温暖，warmth“温暖”符合句意，与kindness并列。故填(w)armth。 1. 可数名词复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries ④ 以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词： 树叶 半 数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish （注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes） ③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen 3. 其他情况： ① “某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如： 中日不变：Chinese, Japanese 英法变：Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen 其余-s加后面：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如： a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如： a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle （牛；家畜） ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如： My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 4. 不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。 （1）常见的不可数名词 物质类：air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood 抽象类：advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work （2）不可数名词的数 ① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如： a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸 two bags of rice两袋米 ② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的，而在表示个体或种类时是可数的，如： Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。 It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。 ③抽象名词具体化时，前面要加a/ an。 As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人，但是作为一位母亲，她是一个失败者，因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。 3）有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。 名词 词义 可数 不可数 change 变化 零钱 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 exercise 习题 锻炼 experience 经历 经验 fish 鱼（类） 鱼肉 work 作品 工作 room 房间 空间 time 次数；倍数 时间 paper 论文；试卷 纸 （4）修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词： 只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的 只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的 考点三 名词所有格 1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good. 【答案】day’s 【详解】句意：那天我们过得很糟糕，但第二天的旅行相当不错。day “一天”，名词。此处指第二天的旅行，用单数名词所有格day’s，作定语修饰名词trip。故填day’s。 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Many of the students never leave the hometown. It’s these (teenager) dream to visit the Palace Museum. 【答案】teenagers’ 【详解】句意：许多学生从未离开过家乡，参观故宫是这些青少年的梦想。teenager与dream是所属关系，且有these修饰，因此需要名词复数的所有格形式，teenagers’符合句意，故填teenagers’。 3.（2024·广东·中考真题）Sometimes, he takes one bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. A．hour B．hours C．hour’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有时，他乘一个小时的公共汽车去另一个城镇的博物馆和动物园。 hour名词单数；hours名词复数；hour’s名词单数的所有格。此处作定语修饰“bus ride”，且空前有“one”，所以用名词单数的所有格形式，故选C。 形式 用法 构成 示 例 ’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸 以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟 并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 （共同拥有） Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间（各自拥有） of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间 双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友 1．（2025·福建泉州·一模）—Did you find your way to Jinjiang Library? —Yeah, Baidu Maps helped me a lot in looking for ________. A．discussions B．decisions C．directions 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你找到去晋江图书馆的路了吗？——是的，百度地图在寻找方向上帮了我很多。 考查名词辨析。discussions讨论；decisions决定；directions方向。根据“Did you find your way to Jinjiang Library?”以及“Baidu Maps”可知，这里指的是寻找方向。故选C。 2．（2025·四川泸州·一模）—I think ________ is very important in life. —I agree. A good friend can help to bring out the best in us. A．friendship B．health C．wealth D．beauty 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为在生活中友谊是非常重要的。——我同意。一个好朋友能帮助我们发挥出最好的一面。 考查名词辨析。friendship友谊；health健康；wealth财富；beauty美丽。根据答语“A good friend can help to bring out the best in us”可知，这里讨论的是与朋友相关的内容，也就是“友谊”的重要性，“friendship”符合语境。故选A。 3．（2025·四川成都·一模）Meng Er Dai, the baby panda in Guangzhou, has quickly increased its ________ which reached 1.23 kg within a month, showing good health and growth. A．weight B．height C．popularity 【答案】A 【详解】句意：广州的婴儿熊猫的萌二代迅速增加了体重，一个月内达到1.23公斤，表现出良好的健康和成长。 考查名词辨析。weight重量；height高度；popularity流行。根据“which reached 1.23 kg within a month”可知，空处指熊猫的体重情况。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）While acting in France, Audrey Hepburn’s beauty and charm caught Collette’s ______. A．operation B．invention C．introduction D．attention 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在法国演出时，奥黛丽·赫本的美丽与魅力吸引了科莱特的注意。 考查名词辨析。operation操作，手术；invention发明；introduction介绍；attention注意。根据“While acting in France, Audrey Hepburn’s beauty and charm caught Collette’s…”可知，赫本的魅力应是吸引了别人的“注意”，catch one’s attention“吸引某人的注意”。故选D。 5．（2025·福建三明·一模）We should learn to keep up with the rapid ________ of the society, or we will be left behind. A．condition B．development C．action 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该学会跟上社会的快速发展，否则我们将被抛在后面。 考查名词辨析。condition状况；development发展；action行动。根据“or we will be left behind”可知，此处指社会的快速发展。故选B。 6．There was a long ________ after the talk. We were lost in thought. A．expression B．silence C．treatment 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谈话结束后，沉默了很长时间。我们陷入了沉思。 考查名词辨析。expression表达；silence沉默；treatment治疗。根据“We were lost in thought.”可知，因为陷入了沉思，所以谈话后出现了长时间的沉默。故选B。 7．（2025·上海杨浦·一模）We need more ________ to understand how AI can help us in language learning. A．review B．research C．opinion D．article 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了了解人工智能在语言教学中能帮助我们什么，我们需要更多的研究。 考查名词辨析。review复习；research研究；opinion观点；article文章。根据“to understand how AI can help us in language learning”可知，此处指做更多的研究来了解，此空意为“研究”。故选B。 8．（2025·上海虹口·一模）You can not only get a lot of ________ but also form your own understanding through reading. A．idea B．opinion C．knowledge D．skill 【答案】C 【详解】句意：通过阅读你不仅可以获得很多知识，还可以形成自己的理解。 考查名词辨析。idea想法；opinion意见；knowledge知识；skill技能。根据“but also form your own understanding through reading.”可知，此处表示获得很多知识。故选C。 9．（2025·上海静安·一模）He has a wide ________ of history and can answer almost any question about it. A．advice B．knowledge C．news D．skill 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他历史知识渊博，几乎能回答任何有关历史的问题。 考查名词辨析。advice建议；knowledge知识；news新闻；skill技能。根据“of history and can answer almost any question about it.”可知，他历史知识渊博。故选B。 10．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）The subway station is about ________ walk from my home. A．ten minutes B．ten minutes’ C．ten-minutes D．ten minute 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地铁站离我家步行大约十分钟。 考查名词所有格。根据“The subway station is about … walk from my home.”可知，此处是指“十分钟的路程”，应用复数名词的所有格ten minutes’修饰名词walk。故选B。 11．（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．women teacher 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。 考查名词复数。根据“Three fifths of the teachers in our school”可知此处用名词复数，man/woman teacher的复数是men/women teachers。故选B。 12．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。 13．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A．Monday B．Friday C．Sunday 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天，Frank？——星期五，因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。 考查名词辨析。Monday星期一；Friday星期五；Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知，Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 14．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas. A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评，然后整理自己的想法。 考查名词辨析。reviews评论；reasons原因；results结果；rewards报酬。根据“and then organize your own ideas.”可知先读一些评论，然后整理自己的想法。故选A。 15．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A．Sky B．Water C．Planet D．Mountain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们称地球为“蓝色星球”，因为海洋覆盖了大约71%的地球。 考查名词辨析。sky天空；water水；planet星球；mountain山。根据“call the Earth ‘Blue...’”可知地球被称为“蓝色星球”。故选C。 16．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）The body language on the right means “________” in China. A．advice B．attention C．praise D．practice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：右边的肢体语言在中国意味着“赞美”。 考查常识和名词辨析。advice建议；attention注意；praise赞美；practice练习。根据常识可知，在中国竖大拇指是赞美的意思。故选C。 17．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of ________ in our daily life. A．information B．competition C．communication D．pollution 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，微信是我们日常生活中最方便的交流方式之一。 考查名词辨析。information信息；competition竞争；communication交流；pollution污染。根据“WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of...in our daily life.”和常识可知，微信是一种交流方式，故选C。 18．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—As a ________ he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible. —Yes. He is always an active man. A．secretary B．passenger C．professor D．reporter 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——作为一名记者，他努力尽快将第一手信息传递给公众。——是的。他总是一个积极的人。 考查名词词义辨析。secretary秘书；passenger乘客；professor教授；reporter记者。根据“he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible.”可知，传递第一手信息是记者的职责。故选D。 19．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A．habit B．present C．victory D．dream 【答案】A 【详解】句意：海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；present礼物；victory胜利；dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知，海伦每天写英文日记，这是一种习惯，故选A。 20．（2024·天津·中考真题）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down. A．body B．voice C．interest D．service 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要在公共汽车上大声说话。你应该小点声。 考查名词辨析。body身体；voice嗓音；interest兴趣；service服务。根据“Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ... down.”可知，不要大声说话，所以要小点声，故选B。 21．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A．date B．lock C．wallpaper D．language 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的新手机上锁了吗？——当然。我必须保护我的个人信息。 考查名词辨析。date日期；lock锁；wallpaper墙纸；language语言。根据“I have to protect my personal information.”可知，用锁保护手机里的个人信息，故选B。 22．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Of all the ________, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life. A．seasons B．subjects C．colors D．hobbies 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在所有的季节中，我最喜欢春天，因为它是生命的象征。 考查名词辨析。seasons季节；subjects科目；colors颜色；hobbies爱好。根据“I love spring best”可知，此处是指季节。故选A。 23．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A．meals B．exams C．sleep D．exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——根据The Brain Science of Exam一书，当你饿的时候，你的大脑会更活跃。——真有趣！所以为了更好地记住事情，我们可以在饭前学习。 考查名词辨析。meals餐，饭；exams考试；sleep睡眠；exercise锻炼。根据“your brain is more active when you are hungry”可知，饥饿的时候大脑更活跃，所以为了更好地记住事情，可以在饭前学习。故选A。 24．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．stages B．advantages C．messages D．passages 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗？——它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。 考查名词辨析。stages阶段；advantages优势；messages信息；passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因，结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势，故选B。 25．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________. A．method B．energy C．height D．industry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——2024年4月25日，中国神舟十八号宇宙飞船成功升空。——哇，中国的航天技术达到了一个新的高度。 考查名词辨析。method方法；energy能量；height高度；industry工业。根据“China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully”可知，神舟十八号的成功升空标志着中国的航天技术达到了新高度。故选C。 26．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ________ on while sleeping. A．screen B．radio C．fan D．light 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达怕黑。她睡觉的时候甚至不关灯。 考查名词辨析。screen屏幕；radio收音机；fan扇子；light灯。根据“Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ... on while sleeping.”可知，怕黑，所以睡觉不关灯，故选D。 27. If you don't know how to fix the machine, just follow the______. A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你不知道怎么修理机器，只需按照说明操作。introductions介绍，resolutions决定，决心，predictions预言，instructions说明，操作指南，根据题意，只需按照说明操作，可知，只有D符合题意. 所以选：D. 28．（2024·江苏常州·三模）Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively. It seems to have ______ A．answer B．magic C．secret D．agreement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼。似乎有魔法。 考查名词辨析。answer答案；magic魔法；secret秘密；agreement同意。根据“Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively.”可知，她的微笑似乎有魔法，总是让我感到温暖和活泼。故选B。 29．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）You should find the ________ of life first, or you will get lost easily. A．position B．direction C．condition D．situation 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该先找到生活的方向，否则你很容易就会迷失。 考查名词辨析。position位置；direction方向；condition条件；situation情况。根据“you will get lost easily”可知，本句描述的是在生活中需要有一个明确的方向来避免迷失。故选B。 30．（2024·福建福州·三模）—In May, our teacher took us to iFLYTEK to help us get a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence (AI). —Wow, it is a good ________ to see the power of AI in different fields. A．challenge B．change C．chance 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——五月份，我们的老师带我们去了科大讯飞，帮助我们更深入地了解人工智能（AI）。——哇，这是一个很好的机会，可以看到人工智能在不同领域的力量。 考查名词辨析。challenge挑战；change改变，变化；chance机会。根据“our teacher took us to iFLYTEK to help us get a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence (AI)”可知，老师带学生去科大讯飞，这是一个让学生见识人工智能在不同领域力量的“机会”，“chance”符合语境。故选C。 31．（2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Lily is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the _________ of cartoon characters. —I think you must be proud of her. A．ability B．weight C．shape 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——莉莉擅长剪纸。她能剪出卡通人物形状的图片。——我想你一定为她感到骄傲。 考查名词辨析。ability能力；weight体重；shape形状。根据“She can cut out pictures in the...of cartoon characters.”可知，她能剪出卡通人物形状的图片。in the shape of“呈……的形状”。故选C。 32．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of ________ . —Yeah! The fans are often surprised at his rich knowledge. A．operation B．attention C．conversation D．introduction 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——董宇辉的直播间获得了大量关注。——是的！他的知识渊博常常令粉丝们感到惊讶。 考查名词辨析。operation操作；attention注意；conversation谈话；introduction介绍。根据“Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of...”可知，董宇辉的直播间获得了大量的关注。attention符合语境，故选B。 33．（2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）The story of Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya is a good ________ of true friendship. They were best friends who always helped each other no matter what happened. A．reason B．choice C．example 【答案】C 【详解】句意：管仲和鲍叔牙的故事是一个诠释“真正友谊”的好例子。他们是最好的朋友，无论发生什么事，他们总是互相帮助。 考查名词辨析。reason原因；choice选择；example例子。根据“The story of Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya ”可知此处以两人的故事为例。故选C。 34．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Gui Haichao is the first Chinese ________ with glasses who flew into space. A．dentist B．volunteer C．actor D．astronaut 【答案】D 【详解】句意：桂海潮是中国第一位戴眼镜进入太空的宇航员。 考查名词辨析。dentist牙医；volunteer志愿者；actor男演员；astronaut宇航员。根据“who flew into space”可知，是一名宇航员。故选D。 35．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—What else do you want to say to us all? —I’d like to take this ________ to thank all my colleagues for their support. A．responsibility B．pleasure C．opportunity D．task 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你还有什么想对我们大家说的吗？——我想借此机会感谢所有同事的支持。 考查名词辨析。responsibility责任；pleasure高兴；opportunity机会；task任务。根据“I’d like to take this…to thank all my colleagues for their support.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指借此机会感谢所有同事的支持，C项符合。故选C。 36．（2024·江苏常州·一模）In the past forty years, China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good ________. A．example B．challenge C．direction D．choice 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的四十年里，中国创造了一些新的世界奇迹，港珠澳大桥就是一个很好的例子。 考查名词辨析。example例子；challenge挑战；direction方向；choice选择。根据“China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good...”可知，此处说的是港珠澳大桥就是一个很好的例子。故选A。 37．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Don’t eat too much before bedtime. It isn’t a good ________. A．habit B．reason C．result D．experience 【答案】A 【详解】句意：睡前别吃太多的东西，这可不是个好习惯。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；reason原因；result结果；experience经历。根据“Don’t eat too much before bedtime.”可知，睡前别吃太多的东西，这不是个好习惯。故选A。 38．（2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）The New Silk Road will offer a good ________ for nations to communicate. A．habit B．chance C．question 【答案】B 【详解】句意：新丝绸之路将为各国提供良好的交流机会。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；chance机会；question问题。根据“The New Silk Road will offer a good ... for nations to communicate.”可知，是指新丝绸之路为各国提供交流的机会。故选B。 39．（2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Van Gogh is a great artist and his paintings are full of ________. —You are right. We can find much information in his work Sunflowers. A．imagination B．expression C．introduction 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——梵高是一位伟大的艺术家，他的画作充满了想象力。 ——你说得对。我们可以在他的作品《向日葵》中找到很多信息。 考查名词辨析。imagination想象力；expression表达；introduction介绍。根据答语“We can find much information in his work Sunflowers.”可知，人们可以在他的作品《向日葵》中找到很多信息，也就是说他的画作充满了想象力。故选A。 40．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—What places of interest are there in Wuhan? —I recommend the East Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________. A．experiment B．movement C．experience D．direction 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——武汉有什么名胜古迹？——我推荐东湖。乘船游览是一次非常不错的经历。 考查名词辨析。experiment实验；movement移动；experience经历；direction方向。根据“I recommend the East Lake.”可知，去公园乘船游览，应是不错的经历。故选C。 41．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—It’s so late now, but Eric hasn’t had anything for supper! —You know him, if he won’t eat, it’s a sure ________ that he hasn’t finished his work. A．plan B．sign C．purpose D．record 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——现在太晚了，但埃里克晚饭还什么都没吃！——你了解他，如果他不吃东西，那肯定是他还没完成工作的迹象。 考查名词词义辨析。plan计划；sign迹象；purpose目的；record记录。根据“Eric hasn’t had anything for supper!”和“he hasn’t finished his work.”可知，埃里克晚饭还没吃，说明他还没完成工作，所以用sign符合语境。故选B。 42．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Mum, can I take part in the game held in school? —Honey, you must act your ________. You’re not a child anymore. A．appearance B．person C．character D．age 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以参加学校举行的比赛吗？——亲爱的，你必须做与年纪相符的事情。你不再是一个孩子了。 考查名词辨析。appearance外貌；person人；character性格；age年龄。根据“You’re not a child anymore.”并结合选项可知，不再是一个孩子了，应是让对方成熟稳重些，act your age“成熟一点；做与年纪相符的事情”，是固定搭配。故选D。 43．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）China has made great ________ in recent years and life here has greatly improved. A．suggestions B．achievements C．choices D．interviews 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国近年来取得了巨大的成就，这里的生活水平得到了极大地提高。 考查名词辨析。suggestions建议；achievements成就；choices选择；interviews采访。根据“life here has greatly improved.”可知，此处指中国取得了巨大成就。故选B。 44．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Little Tom fell asleep as soon as he touched the bed. —He and other kids ran around crazily all day, which took all his __________. A．time B．energy C．spirit D．force 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——小汤姆一碰到床就睡着了。——他跟其他孩子疯狂地跑了一整天，耗尽了他所有的精力。 考查名词辨析。time时间；energy精力；spirit精神；force暴力。根据“He and other kids ran around crazily all day”可知，疯狂地跑了一整天耗尽了小汤姆的精力。故选B。 45．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）My teacher gave me much ________ on learning English when I have some trouble (困难). A．advice B．idea C．problem D．reply 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我有困难的时候，我的老师给了我很多关于学习英语的建议。 考查名词辨析。advice建议，不可数名词；idea想法；problem问题；reply回复。空前有much修饰，此处应为不可数名词。再根据“My teacher gave me much ... on learning English when I have some trouble.”可知，此处表示“建议”。故选A。 46．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Why did Rose stay in the police station for so long yesterday? —Well, she gave the police a full ________ of the accident. A．expression B．instruction C．impression D．account 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么罗斯昨天在警察局待了这么久？——嗯，她向警方详细描述了事故的经过。 考查名词辨析。expression表情；instruction用法说明；impression印象；account描述，解释。根据“she gave the police a full...of the accident”可知是向警方详细描述了事故的经过，account符合。故选D。 47．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—What’s the matter with you, Mark? It seems that you’ve run out of your ________. —I just finished a race with my classmates. I really need a good rest. A．power B．effort C．energy D．breath 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——马克，你怎么了？好像你精疲力竭了。——我刚刚和同学们完成了一场比赛。我真的需要好好休息。 考查名词辨析。power能力；effort努力；energy精力；breath呼吸。根据“I just finished a race with my classmates. I really need a good rest.”可知刚完成了比赛，精疲力竭，需要休息，run out of energy“精疲力竭”。故选C。 48．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Spring Festival travel ________ begins on Friday morning, with the China Railway Beijing Group alone expected to deal with more than 39 million passenger trips. A．industry B．survey C．rush D．calendar 【答案】C 【详解】句意：春运将于周五早上开始，仅中国铁路北京局预计就将处理超过3900万人次的旅客运输。 考查名词辨析。industry工业；survey调查；rush高峰期，繁忙；calendar日历。根据“...with the China Railway Beijing Group alone expected to deal with more than 39 million passenger trips.”和“Spring Festival travel...”可知，如此大的客运流量应是在春运时，Spring Festival travel rush“春运”。故选C。 49．（2024·云南昆明·一模）We should do something to stop the ________ from getting worse. A．introduction B．situation C．contribution D．attention 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该做些事情来阻止情况变得更糟。 考查名词辨析。introduction介绍；situation情况；contribution贡献；attention注意。根据“stop the…from getting worse.”可知，此处应该说阻止“情况”变得更糟。故选B。 50．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—Can you tell me some ________ about the Brazil Olympic Games? —OK. Let me help you search the Internet. A．message B．information C．news 【答案】B 【详解】句意: ——你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗？——好的。让我帮你搜索互联网。 考查名词词义辨析。message消息；information信息；news新闻。根据空格后“about the Brazil Olympic Games”和“OK. Let me help you search the Internet.”可知，此处应该指想要知道巴西奥运会的信息。故选B。 51．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）The beauty of the wetlands caught the ______ of the foreign tourists. A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position 【答案】B 【详解】句意：湿地的美丽吸引了外国游客的注意。 考查名词辨析。condition条件；attention注意；invention发明；position位置。根据“The beauty of the wetlands caught the … of the foreign tourists”可知，应该是湿地的美丽吸引了游客的注意，catch one’s attention“引起某人的注意”。故选B。 52．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it? —It’s easy. Just follow the ________. A．information B．instruction C．instrument 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——奶昔味道不错。你是怎么做的？——很简单。只要按照说明做就行了。 考查名词辨析。information信息；instruction说明；instrument器械。根据“How do you make it?”可知，此处说的是按照说明做奶昔就可以了。故选B。 53．（2024·云南昆明·一模）—What’s your new ________? I want to send postcards to you during my traveling in Yunnan. —Thank you. Let me write to you. A．expression B．success C．address D．direction 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的新地址是什么？我想在云南旅行期间给你寄明信片。——谢谢，让我写给你。 考查名词辨析。expression表达；success成功；address地址；direction方向。根据“I want to send postcards to you during my traveling in Yunnan.”可知，想要给对方寄送明信片，需要知道地址。故选C。 54．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team. —His height gives him a big ________. A．talent B．sense C．situation D．advantage 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——山姆被选中加入学校的篮球队。——他的身高给了他很大的优势。 考查名词辨析。talent才能；sense感觉；situation处境，情形；advantage优势。根据“Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team.”可知加入篮球队身高有优势。故选D。 55．（2024·河北衡水·三模）It was a ________ that the hero, Chen Hongjun, didn’t see his own son before he passed away. A．wonder B．pity C．promise D．secret 【答案】B 【详解】句意：可惜的是，英雄陈红军去世前没有见到自己的儿子。 考查名词辨析。wonder奇迹；pity可惜；promise承诺；secret秘密。根据“Chen Hongjun, didn’t see his own son before he passed away.”可知去世前没有见到自己的儿子，是可惜，故选B。 56．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 57．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—Are all the students from ________ in your class? —No, there are only three ________ in our class. The others are from other countries. A．Germany; Germen B．Germany; Germans C．German; Germans 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——所有来自德国的学生都在你们班吗？——不，我们班只有三个德国人。其他的来自其他国家。 考查名词。Germany德国；German德国人，其复数形式为Germans。根据“Are all the students from”可知，be from“来自”，其后接国家名称，第一空应用Germany；根据“three”可知，此处指三个德国人，第二空应用复数名词Germans。故选B。 58．（2024·河北邢台·三模）Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．advise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆很乐于助人，经常给我一些关于如何提高数学水平的建议。 考查可数名词与不可数名词的复数形式。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；advise建议，动词。根据语境可知，此处是经常给我一些建议，give sb sth表示“给某人某物”，空处需填名词复数或不可数名词，排除A和D，又因suggestion为可数名词，some后需用复数形式suggestions，排除C。故选B。 59．（2024·河北承德·二模）I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有人告诉我下学期将有两位女老师教我们英语和化学。 考查复合名词的复数。“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词，两个词都要变成复数，women teachers“女老师”。故选B。 60．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Our English teacher gave us ________ on how to learn English. A．some advices B．an advice C．a piece of advice D．one advice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师给了我们一条如何学习英语的建议。 考查不可数名词。advice“建议”，不可数名词，因此不能用an或one修饰，也没有复数，a piece of advice“一条建议”。故选C。 61．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There are some dogs, ________ in that village. A．some chicken and some sheep B．some chickens and some sheep C．some chickens and some sheeps D．some chicken and some sheeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在那个村子里有一些狗，一些鸡和一些羊。 考查名词的数。可数名词chicken“小鸡”被some修饰，应用复数形式chickens，sheep“绵羊”单复数同形。故选B。 62．（2024·黑龙江鸡西·二模）The two ________ bought some ________ in the market. A．Germen; potatoes B．Germans; potatos C．Germans; potatoes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：两个德国人在市场上买了一些土豆。 考查名词的数。potato土豆，其复数为potatoes；German德国人，其复数为Germans。根据“The two”可知，第一空填Germans；结合“some”可知，第二空后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词，应填potatoes。故选C。 63．（2024·云南红河·二模）________ fathers are firefighters. They were involved in fighting the mountain fires in Dali. A．Tom and Bob’s B．Tom’s and Bob’s C．Tom’s and Bob D．Tom and Bob 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆和鲍勃的父亲都是消防员。他们参加了大理山火的灭火工作。 考查名词所有格。根据“fathers”可知，是两个人各自的父亲，分别在人称后加’s，故选B。 64. All of us agree that hard work and a little good luck lead to ________. A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successfully 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们所有人都同意，努力工作加上一点点好运，就能获得成功。 考查名词的用法。success名词，成功；succeed动词，成功；successful形容词，成功的；successfully副词，成功地。介词to后接名词success作宾语。故选A。 65.________ the teachers in their school is 208 and one fifth of them are ________ teachers. A．A number of; women B．A number of; woman C．The number of; women D．The number of; woman 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们学校的教师人数为208人，其中五分之一是女教师。 考查主谓一致和复合名词复数。a number of表示“许多的”，后跟名词复数时谓语用复数；the number of表示“……的数量”，后跟名词复数时谓语用单数。根据“is”可知，用the number of；第二空根据“one fifth of them are”可知，是指女教师，此处表示复数，woman也用复数形式。故选C。 2、 单词拼写 1．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）It is reported that 30 (minute) walk every day is healthy enough. 【答案】minutes’ 【详解】句意：据报道，每天步行30分钟就足够健康了。minute“分钟”，可数名词，被30修饰，用其复数形式。此处指30分钟的步行，故用复数名词所有格minutes’，作定语修饰walk。故填minutes’。 2．（2024·浙江金华·模拟预测）It’s OK to be late sometimes, but never make it a h . 【答案】(h)abit 【详解】句意：有时迟到没关系，但绝不要让它成为一种习惯。根据“It’s OK to be late sometimes, but never make it a ...”和首字母“h”提示可知，此处是指偶尔迟到没关系，但绝不要让迟到成为一种习惯；考查habit“习惯”，名词；空前有不定冠词“a”，这里应用名词单数形式。故填(h)abit。 3．（2024·浙江温州·模拟预测）Finally, I got the c to stand on the stage and showed my talent. 【答案】(c)hance 【详解】句意：最后，我有机会站在舞台上展示我的才华。根据“stand on the stage and showed my talent.”及首字母提示可知，空处应表达有机会站在舞台上，chance“机会”，空处用单数形式指这次机会。故填(c)hance。 4．（2024·浙江杭州·模拟预测）He had many interesting e while traveling in Africa. 【答案】(e)xperiences 【详解】句意：他在非洲旅行时有许多有趣的经历。根据“He had many interesting e...while traveling in Africa.”可知，此处指旅行经历，experience是“经历”的意思，由“many”可知，此处需用复数形式experiences。故填(e)xperiences。 5．（2024·浙江·模拟预测）He now treats everyone with kindness and w , spreading love everywhere he goes. 【答案】(w)armth 【详解】句意：他现在对每个人都很友善和温暖，把爱传播到每一个他去的地方。根据“spreading love everywhere he goes”及首字母w可推出，对每个人都友善和温暖，warmth“温暖”符合句意，与kindness并列。故填(w)armth。 6．（2024·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Come and have supper with us next W if you’re free. 【答案】(W)ednesday 【详解】句意：如果你有空，下周三来和我们一起吃晚饭吧。根据“Come and have supper with us next…”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“下周三”，Wednesday“周三”，专有名词，首字母要大写。故填(W)ednesday。 7．（2024·四川内江·三模）It’s not polite to play a j on others who are in trouble. 【答案】(j)oke 【详解】句意：当别人有麻烦的时候，开别人的玩笑是不礼貌的。根据“play a j... on others”可知，此处是短语play a joke on sb“开某人的玩笑”。故填(j)oke。 8．There is no d that to study abroad gives you a good opportunity to learn things. 【答案】(d)oubt 【详解】句意：毫无疑问在国外留学给了你一个好机会去学习东西。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问”，doubt“疑问”，名词。故填(d)oubt。 9．You should offer your s to those in need on the bus. 【答案】(s)eat 【详解】句意：在公共汽车上你应该给有需要的人让座。根据“those in need on the bus”和首字母提示可知，给有需要的人让座，seat“座位”符合句意。故填(s)eat。 10．Helen was sent to p for attacking a man with a knife. 【答案】(p)rison 【详解】句意：Helen因为用刀攻击一个男人而被送入了监狱。prison监狱，是一个名词。根据句中“for attacking a man with a knife.”及结合首字母提示可知，Helen用刀攻击了一个男人，所以是被送入监狱；prison监狱，send sb. to prison把某人送进监狱,固定短语，此处使用的是被动语态。故填(p)rison。 11．Disabled children have d walking or moving. 【答案】(d)ifficulty 【详解】句意：残疾儿童走路或移动有困难。根据disabled children和首字母，可推测空处缺少“difficulty困难”，have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难。故填(d)ifficulty。 12．—What's the r between Mary and Simon? —They're classmates. 【答案】relationship 【详解】句意：——玛丽和西蒙之间是什么关系？——他们是同班同学。根据“They're classmates.”可知，空处是问两人之间的关系；relationship“关系”， 由is和the可知，此处用单数名词。故填relationship。 13．Has he gone to Paris on b or for pleasure? 【答案】business 【详解】句意：他去巴黎是出差还是游玩？根据空后“for pleasure”和空前on的提示可知，空处应是business，on business，出差、因公。故填business。 14．Here’s the m . We have many delicious foods in our restaurant. 【答案】menu 【详解】句意：这是菜单。我们饭店有许多好吃的食物。根据“We have many delicious foods in our restaurant.”以及空格前的“Here’s”可推测，空格上应该填“menu”。故填menu。 15．Sorry! Jack is not at home right now. Could I take a m for him? 【答案】(m)essage 【详解】句意：对不起！杰克现在不在家。我能给他捎个口信吗？根据“Jack is not at home right now. Could I take a m...for him?”可知，此处是take a message短语，意为“捎口信”，故填(m)essage。 16．My uncle prefers to live in that neighborhood because there are lots of (优势) of living there. 【答案】advantages 【详解】句意：我叔叔更喜欢住在那个社区，因为住在那里有很多优势。advantage“优势”；根据“lots of”可知，应用复数形式。故填advantages。 17．The (事实) is that we will never make it without Johnson’s help. 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：事实是，没有约翰逊的帮助，我们永远也做不到。truth“事实”，在句中作主语，故填truth。 18．The Chinese believe that a one-thousand-mile j starts with the very first step. 【答案】(j)ourney 【详解】句意：中国人相信千里之行始于足下。根据“starts with the very first step”和首字母j可知，从第一步开始的旅行，journey“旅行”，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数名词，故填(j)ourney。 19．I keep a d every day to write some important and interesting things in it. 【答案】(d)iary 【详解】句意：我每天都写日记，在里面写一些重要和有趣的事情。根据“write some important and interesting things in it”可知，此处表示写日记；diary“日记”，名词；keep a diary“写日记”。故填(d)iary。 20．He answered the questions with . (confident). 【答案】confidence 【详解】句意：他自信地回答了这些问题。介词with后面需要名词作宾语，confidence“自信”，不可数名词，故填confidence。 21.There are a lot of (mouse) in the old man’s house. 【答案】mice 【详解】句意：老人家里有很多老鼠。a lot of“许多”后修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，mouse“老鼠”为可数名词，其复数为mice。故填mice。 22.（2024·西藏日喀则·二模）My parents took me to the amusement park on (child) Day. 【答案】Children’s 【详解】句意：我父母在儿童节那天带我去了游乐园。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day”可知此处指儿童节，Children’s Day“儿童节”，专有名词。故填Children’s。 23．The man has to write down the Chinese (fisherman) names because they want to go fishing around the island. 【答案】fishermen’s 【详解】句意：这个人必须写下中国渔民的名字，因为他们想在岛上钓鱼。fisherman“渔民”，可数名词，复数是fishermen；根据从句中主语“they”可知，此处需要名词复数fishermen；fisherman和句中名词“names”构成所有关系，应用“’s”构成名词所有格，故填fishermen’s 。 24.Many men in this situation would want their (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about others before himself. This made me start to respect him. 【答案】wives 【详解】句意：在这种情况下，许多男人都希望妻子能陪着孩子，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人。这让我开始尊重他。根据“Many men”可知此处用名词wife的复数wives“妻子”。故填wives。 25.Ben’s mom put some (match) on the table before the storm came. 【答案】matches 【详解】句意： 暴风雨来临前，Ben的妈妈在桌子上放了一些火柴。match火柴，可数名词。根据some“一些”可知，应填复数形式matches。故填matches。 第二部分 冠词 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 不定冠词 · 掌握不定冠词a/an的基本用法；常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况及常考的固定搭配 对于冠词的考查，以单项选择和语法填空为主，有时也会在完形填空、语法选择等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 定冠词 · 掌握定冠词的基本用法和易错点及定冠词常考固定搭配 零冠词 · 掌握零冠词基本用法和易错点及零冠词常考固定搭配‌ 考法01 不定冠词 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家，“scientist”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 考法02 定冠词 1．（2024·四川·中考真题）Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A．an B．the C．a D．不填 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗？ 考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书，用定冠词the。故选B。 2．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。 考查冠词用法。piano是乐器，其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园，“garden”首字母发辅音音素，用a；第二处特指花园里的花，用定冠词the。故选A。 考点1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考点2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别： （1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。 （2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。 二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7. 用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 【注意】常见、易错的固定表达 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 1．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样？——还不错，谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/不填。此处表示泛指，当作一场平常的考试，usual是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。 2．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：迈克是一个诚实的男孩。我们都信任他。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词。此处泛指一个诚实的男孩，且honest以元音音素开头，其前加不定冠词an。故选B。 3．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国首都北京是一个有悠久历史的城市。 考查冠词用法。/零冠词；a不定冠词，表泛指；the定冠词，表特指。根据“capital of China,”可知此处特指中国首都，用定冠词the；第二个空泛指一个城市，用不定冠词a修饰。故选C。 4．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多有趣的书啊！——是的，这本书真的很棒。 考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书，interesting以元音音素开头，应用an；第二空是特指上文提到的那本书，应用定冠词the。故选B。 5．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末我买了一台新电脑。这台电脑是中国制造的。 考查冠词的用法。此处特指前句中提到的电脑，用定冠词the。故选C。 6．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A．a B．/ C．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你怎么了，杰瑞？——我头疼。 考查冠词用法。What’s the matter with sb.?“某人怎么了”，固定搭配。故选C。 7．（2025·四川成都·一模）It is ________ honor that Chengdu A4 Art Museum has won the “Global Top Seven Most Beautiful Museums”. A．/ B．a C．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：成都A4美术馆荣获“全球七大最美博物馆”称号，我深感荣幸。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个荣幸”，honor以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选C。 8．（2025·上海金山·一模）To ________ blind, dogs are family members as well as their eyes, helping them walk around. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对于盲人来说，狗是他们的家人，也是他们的眼睛，帮助他们四处走动。 考查冠词。a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/零冠词。“the+形容词”表示一类人，the blind表示“盲人”。故选C。 9．（2025·上海闵行·一模）Panda Ya Ya will spend ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。 考查冠词用法。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指；/不填。根据“spend…rest of her life”可知，此处指度过余生，the rest of one’s life“余生”。故选C。 10．（2025·上海浦东新·一模）Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _______ time for safety. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：徒步旅行小组的成员们为了安全决定一次两人过河。 考查冠词的用法。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词表特指；/ 表示零冠词。根据空前“Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two”以及空后“for safety”可知，此处表示每次两人过河来保障安全，time“次数”，作可数名词，time以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故选A。 11．（2025·上海黄浦·一模）I always give my friend ________ hand when she needs help. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我的朋友需要帮助时，我总是帮助她。 考查冠词用法。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指；/零冠词。根据“I always give my friend…hand”可知，考查give sb a hand“帮助某人”，故选A。 12．（2025·上海普陀·一模）Giving ________ example is a great way to explain a new idea. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：举个例子是解释一个新想法的好方法。 考查冠词。a一，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an一，后接以元音音素开头的单词；/零冠词；the这，定冠词。根据“Giving...example is a great way to explain a new idea.”可知，此处表示举一个例子，表泛指的“一”，且example以元音音素开头，故应用an。故选B。 13．（2025·上海宝山·一模）Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of ________ homeless. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：志愿者们正前往灾区照顾无家可归者。 考查冠词。根据“homeless”可知此处指无家可归者，用结构“the+形容词”表示一类人。故选C。 14.________ Smiths used to be poor, but they live ________ better life now. A．/; a B．/; the C．The; a D．The; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史密斯一家过去很穷，但现在生活得更好了。 考查冠词。第一个空是“the+姓氏的复数”，表示“一家人”；第二个空泛指“一个更好的生活”，better以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选C。 15.—It seems that your son shows ________ interest in music. —That’s true. Maybe he will enter ________ Central Conservatory of Music in the future. A．a, a B．a, the C．an, a D．an, the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看起来你儿子对音乐很感兴趣。——确实，也许他将来会进入中央音乐学院。 考查冠词用法。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头单词前；the表特指；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头单词前。根据“shows ... interest in”可知，此处是show an interest in“对……表现出兴趣”，interest是元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an；根据“Central Conservatory of Music”可知，空二处是特指中央音乐学院，用定冠词the。故选D。 16.—What ________ unusual boy your brother is! —I can’t agree more. He can play the music with ________ strong local colour so well. A．a; a B．a; / C．an; a D．an; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你哥哥真是个与众不同的男孩！—— 我完全同意。他能演奏出具有强烈地方色彩的音乐。 考查冠词。a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前，an用在读音以元音音素开头的单词或字母前，第一空unusual“不寻常的”读音以元音音素开头，故用an，第二空colour“颜色”作为名词时，通常是不可数名词，表示颜色这一抽象概念，故不使用冠词。故选D。 17.—Have you ever been to Beijing? —Yes, I have. It’s ________ capital of our country with ________ long history. A．the; a B．an; the C．a; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过北京吗？——是的，我去过。它是我国的首都，有着悠久的历史。 考查冠词辨析。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。第一空需要填定冠词“the”，因为“capital”在此表示特指“首都”；第二空需要不定冠词“a”，“a long history”泛指“一段悠久的历史”。故选A。 18.Tom is ________ European boy and his best friend is ________ Asian girl. A．an; an B．a; an C．an; a D．a; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆是一个欧洲男孩，他最好的朋友是一位亚洲女孩。 考查冠词。an用于元音音素开头的单词前；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。European为辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a；Asian为元音音素开头的单词，其前用an。故选B。 19.It’s ________ honor for me to give a speech about Chinese culture. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很荣幸能做一个关于中国文化的演讲。 考查冠词。honor“荣幸”，不可数名词，但此处是指“一件荣幸的事”，是抽象名词具体化，所以用不定冠词修饰，且honor是以元音音素开头，所以用an修饰，故选B。 20.Quan Hongchan is ________ youngest player that wins three gold medals in China’s Olympic history. A．the B．a C．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：全红婵是中国奥运史上获得3枚金牌的最年轻的运动员。 考查冠词。根据“youngest player”可知，是指“最年轻的运动员”，形容词最高级前要加定冠词the。故选A。 21. The children made the cards for their teachers by ________ hand. A．a B．the C．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们亲手为老师制作卡片。 考查冠词。a一，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；the表示特质。by hand“亲手”，是固定短语。故选C。 22. I like playing ________ piano, but Jerry likes playing ________ football. A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我喜欢弹钢琴，但杰瑞喜欢踢足球。考查冠词。play后接乐器类名词时，名词前加定冠词the，play the piano“弹钢琴”；play后接球类名词时，名词前不用冠词，play football“踢足球”。故选B。 23. I’ve had ______ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to ______ bed early. A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填；不填 D. a; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我头痛得很厉害，所以我想我要早点睡觉。Have a bad headache 和go to bed 都是固定搭配。 24.—Did that sportsman win ________ gold medal at ________ Tokyo Olympics? —Yes, he did. A．a; an B．/; the C．a; / D．a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——那位运动员在东京奥运会上赢得金牌了吗？ ——是的，他赢得了。 考查冠词用法。a表泛指，不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an表泛指，不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指，定冠词；/表示不填，零冠词。第一空，根据“win … gold medal”可知，此处是指赢得了一块金牌，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且“gold”是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用“a”修饰，排除B；第二空，根据“Tokyo Olympics”可知，此处是指东京奥运会，应用定冠词表特指，排除A和C。故选D。 25.My hometown Cambridge is ________ beautiful city in ________ east of England. A．a; / B．an; the C．an; / D．a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的家乡剑桥是英格兰东部一个美丽的城市。 考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个美丽的城市”，beautiful以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；in the east of“在……东部”。故选D。 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题01名词、冠词 第一部分 名词 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 名词词义辨析 在具体语境下考查名词的词义辨析,主要以同类词、近义词、形近词的形式出现 名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查,考查的命题点有:名词的词义辨析、名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。 名词的数 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式,不可数名词及修饰语,不可数名词的数量表达 名词所有格 -’s所有格的构成及用法,双重所有格的构成 考点一 名词词义辨析 1.(2024 江苏宿迁 中考真题)After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _ in Maths. A.problem B.project C.pollution D.progress 中考高频易混易错名词梳理 1. accident和event 词条 含义 用法 accident 意外的事件 特指不幸的意外事故 event 重大事件 一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件 2. noise, voice, sound 词条 含义 用法 noise 噪音;喧闹声 noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”, 常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 voice 嗓音 指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音;或指鸟叫声。 sound 声音 泛指人们听到的各种“声音”, 可以是人或动物的声音, 也可以是大自然的任何声音。 3. news, message和information 词条 含义 用法 news (不可数名词)意为“新闻,消息” 通常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的消息。 message (可数名词)信息;音信;口信;短信 通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。 information (不可数名词)信息 通常指通过观察、学习、阅读和交谈得到的资料、信息等。 4. weather和climate 词条 含义 用法 weather 天气 指某一时间内的天气情况,涉及范围较小,持续时间较短 climate 气候 指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况,涉及范围较大,持续时间较长 5. amount和number 词条 用法 例句 an amount of 后接不可数名词 an amount of money a number of 后接可数名词 a number of students 6. cause、reason 和excuse 词条 用法 例句 cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth the cause of the fire 引起火灾的原因 reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 迟到的原因 excuse 指为自己辩解,希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由,是借口性的理由。 make an excuse 找借口 7. problem和question 词条 用法 problem 常和困难联系,前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise question 常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer 连用 8. trip, journey, travel和voyage 词条 用法 trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行 journey 指稍长的旅途 travel 是最常用的,指旅行或普通出行 voyage 指海上航行 9. advice, suggestion 词条 用法 advice 多指“忠告;劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an, many, a few等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some, much, a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice, ask for advice等。 suggestion 多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a, some, many, a few等直接修饰,有复数形式。 常见搭配有give a suggestion, make a suggestion等。 10.instruction ,direction与introduction 词条 用法 instruction 意为“指示;命令;用法说明”。通常指详细的、需要遵循的说明或指示,可以是操作指南或计算机指令等。 introduction 通常指介绍、引导或初步了解,多指对事物性质、形状等特点的“介绍”。 direction 更多地指向方向或指引,可以是地理上的方位指示,也可以是行动上的指引。 11.(形似辨析)prize,price,pride 词条 用法 price n. 价格例: the price of... ……的价格(修饰price 常用high/low, 不用cheap/ expensive.) prize n. 奖品; 例: win the first prize 获得一等奖 pride n. 自豪;骄傲 短语: take pride in v. 以…为傲 12.custom和habit 词条 用法 custom 则指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯。 habit 通常指一个人长时间养成的自然"习惯"。 考点二 名词的数 考法01 可数名词及其单、复数 1.(2024 甘肃兰州 中考真题)These nice (photo) were taken by my teachers last week. 2.(2024 甘肃临夏 中考真题)There are many (sheep) eating grass over there. 3.(2024 黑龙江 中考真题)Last winter holiday, we met some (German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 4.(2024 西藏 中考真题)There are many famous _ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 考法02 不可数名词 1.(2024 浙江 模拟预测)He now treats everyone with kindness and w , spreading love everywhere he goes. 1. 可数名词复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter letters, cat cats, boy boys, desk desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es class classes, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es hobby hobbies, city cities, country countries ④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es 加-s: radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos 加-es: hero heroes, tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es knife knives, half halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词: 树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮, 架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, man men, woman women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes) ③ 特殊变化 child children, mouse mice, ox oxen 3. 其他情况: ① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如: 中日不变:Chinese, Japanese 英法变:Englishman Englishmen, Frenchman Frenchmen 其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如: a girl student two girl students, a story book ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如: a man worker three men workers, a woman doctor six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜) ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如: My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 4. 不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。 (1)常见的不可数名词 物质类:air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood 抽象类:advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work (2)不可数名词的数 ① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如: a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸 two bags of rice两袋米 ② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的,而在表示个体或种类时是可数的,如: Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。 It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。 ③抽象名词具体化时,前面要加a/ an。 As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人,但是作为一位母亲,她是一个失败者,因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。 3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。 名词 词义 可数 不可数 change 变化 零钱 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 exercise 习题 锻炼 experience 经历 经验 fish 鱼(类) 鱼肉 work 作品 工作 room 房间 空间 time 次数;倍数 时间 paper 论文;试卷 纸 (4)修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词: 只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的 只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的 考点三 名词所有格 1.(2024 甘肃兰州 中考真题)We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good. 2.(2024 西藏 中考真题)Many of the students never leave the hometown. It’s these (teenager) dream to visit the Palace Museum. 3.(2024 广东 中考真题)Sometimes, he takes one bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. A.hour B.hours C.hour’s 形式 用法 构成 示 例 ’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸 以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟 并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 (共同拥有) Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间(各自拥有) of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间 双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友 1.(2025 福建泉州 一模)—Did you find your way to Jinjiang Library? —Yeah, Baidu Maps helped me a lot in looking for _. A.discussions B.decisions C.directions 2.(2025 四川泸州 一模)—I think _ is very important in life. —I agree. A good friend can help to bring out the best in us. A.friendship B.health C.wealth D.beauty 3.(2025 四川成都 一模)Meng Er Dai, the baby panda in Guangzhou, has quickly increased its _ which reached 1.23 kg within a month, showing good health and growth. A.weight B.height C.popularity 4.(2025 江苏宿迁 一模)While acting in France, Audrey Hepburn’s beauty and charm caught Collette’s _. A.operation B.invention C.introduction D.attention 5.(2025 福建三明 一模)We should learn to keep up with the rapid _ of the society, or we will be left behind. A.condition B.development C.action 6.There was a long _ after the talk. We were lost in thought. A.expression B.silence C.treatment 7.(2025 上海杨浦 一模)We need more _ to understand how AI can help us in language learning. A.review B.research C.opinion D.article 8.(2025 上海虹口 一模)You can not only get a lot of _ but also form your own understanding through reading. A.idea B.opinion C.knowledge D.skill 9.(2025 上海静安 一模)He has a wide _ of history and can answer almost any question about it. A.advice B.knowledge C.news D.skill 10.(2024 湖北武汉 一模)The subway station is about _ walk from my home. A.ten minutes B.ten minutes’ C.ten-minutes D.ten minute 11.(2023 甘肃甘南 中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are _. A.man teachers B.men teachers C.women teacher 12.(2024 西藏 中考真题)_ father works in the police station. A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s 13.(2024 黑龙江哈尔滨 中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —_, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 14.(2024 江苏南通 中考真题)—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read _ first and then organize your own ideas. A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards 15.(2024 江苏南通 中考真题)We call the Earth “Blue _” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A.Sky B.Water C.Planet D.Mountain 16.(2024 江苏南通 中考真题)The body language on the right means “_” in China. A.advice B.attention C.praise D.practice 17.(2024 内蒙古呼和浩特 中考真题)Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of _ in our daily life. A.information B.competition C.communication D.pollution 18.(2024 内蒙古 中考真题)—As a _ he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible. —Yes. He is always an active man. A.secretary B.passenger C.professor D.reporter 19.(2024 江苏镇江 中考真题)Helen keeps English diaries every day as a _ to develop her writing skills. A.habit B.present C.victory D.dream 20.(2024 天津 中考真题)Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _ down. A.body B.voice C.interest D.service 21.(2024 湖北武汉 中考真题)—Have you set a _ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A.date B.lock C.wallpaper D.language 22.(2024 甘肃临夏 中考真题)Of all the _, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life. A.seasons B.subjects C.colors D.hobbies 23.(2024 山东东营 中考真题)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before _. A.meals B.exams C.sleep D.exercise 24.(2024 江苏扬州 中考真题)—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have _ like small size and short development cycle. A.stages B.advantages C.messages D.passages 25.(2024 山东滨州 中考真题)—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _. A.method B.energy C.height D.industry 26.(2024 甘肃白银 中考真题)Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the _ on while sleeping. A.screen B.radio C.fan D.light 27. If you don't know how to fix the machine, just follow the_. A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions 28.(2024 江苏常州 三模)Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively. It seems to have _ A.answer B.magic C.secret D.agreement 29.(2024 江苏徐州 三模)You should find the _ of life first, or you will get lost easily. A.position B.direction C.condition D.situation 30.(2024 福建福州 三模)—In May, our teacher took us to iFLYTEK to help us get a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence (AI). —Wow, it is a good _ to see the power of AI in different fields. A.challenge B.change C.chance 31.(2024 福建泉州 模拟预测)—Lily is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the _ of cartoon characters. —I think you must be proud of her. A.ability B.weight C.shape 32.(2024 江苏镇江 二模)—Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of _ . —Yeah! The fans are often surprised at his rich knowledge. A.operation B.attention C.conversation D.introduction 33.(2024 福建泉州 模拟预测)The story of Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya is a good _ of true friendship. They were best friends who always helped each other no matter what happened. A.reason B.choice C.example 34.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)Gui Haichao is the first Chinese _ with glasses who flew into space. A.dentist B.volunteer C.actor D.astronaut 35.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—What else do you want to say to us all? —I’d like to take this _ to thank all my colleagues for their support. A.responsibility B.pleasure C.opportunity D.task 36.(2024 江苏常州 一模)In the past forty years, China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good _. A.example B.challenge C.direction D.choice 37.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)Don’t eat too much before bedtime. It isn’t a good _. A.habit B.reason C.result D.experience 38.(2024 福建泉州 模拟预测)The New Silk Road will offer a good _ for nations to communicate. A.habit B.chance C.question 39.(2024 福建泉州 模拟预测)—Van Gogh is a great artist and his paintings are full of _. —You are right. We can find much information in his work Sunflowers. A.imagination B.expression C.introduction 40.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—What places of interest are there in Wuhan? —I recommend the East Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful _. A.experiment B.movement C.experience D.direction 41.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—It’s so late now, but Eric hasn’t had anything for supper! —You know him, if he won’t eat, it’s a sure _ that he hasn’t finished his work. A.plan B.sign C.purpose D.record 42.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—Mum, can I take part in the game held in school? —Honey, you must act your _. You’re not a child anymore. A.appearance B.person C.character D.age 43.(2024 江苏徐州 三模)China has made great _ in recent years and life here has greatly improved. A.suggestions B.achievements C.choices D.interviews 44.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—Little Tom fell asleep as soon as he touched the bed. —He and other kids ran around crazily all day, which took all his _. A.time B.energy C.spirit D.force 45.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)My teacher gave me much _ on learning English when I have some trouble (困难). A.advice B.idea C.problem D.reply 46.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—Why did Rose stay in the police station for so long yesterday? —Well, she gave the police a full _ of the accident. A.expression B.instruction C.impression D.account 47.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)—What’s the matter with you, Mark? It seems that you’ve run out of your _. —I just finished a race with my classmates. I really need a good rest. A.power B.effort C.energy D.breath 48.(2024 湖北武汉 模拟预测)Spring Festival travel _ begins on Friday morning, with the China Railway Beijing Group alone expected to deal with more than 39 million passenger trips. A.industry B.survey C.rush D.calendar 49.(2024 云南昆明 一模)We should do something to stop the _ from getting worse. A.introduction B.situation C.contribution D.attention 50.(2024 四川乐山 一模)—Can you tell me some _ about the Brazil Olympic Games? —OK. Let me help you search the Internet. A.message B.information C.news 51.(2024 江苏宿迁 一模)The beauty of the wetlands caught the _ of the foreign tourists. A.condition B.attention C.invention D.position 52.(2024 福建莆田 一模)—The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it? —It’s easy. Just follow the _. A.information B.instruction C.instrument 53.(2024 云南昆明 一模)—What’s your new _? I want to send postcards to you during my traveling in Yunnan. —Thank you. Let me write to you. A.expression B.success C.address D.direction 54.(2024 江苏南京 二模)—Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team. —His height gives him a big _. A.talent B.sense C.situation D.advantage 55.(2024 河北衡水 三模)It was a _ that the hero, Chen Hongjun, didn’t see his own son before he passed away. A.wonder B.pity C.promise D.secret 56.(2024 江苏南通 模拟预测)—It’s said that the two _doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their _. A.woman; forty B.women; fortieth C.women; forties D.woman; forties 57.(2024 四川乐山 一模)—Are all the students from _ in your class? —No, there are only three _ in our class. The others are from other countries. A.Germany; Germen B.Germany; Germans C.German; Germans 58.(2024 河北邢台 三模)Tom is very helpful and often gives me _ on how to improve my Math. A.an advice B.some advice C.some suggestion D.advise 59.(2024 河北承德 二模)I was told that two _ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A.woman B.women C.woman’s D.women’s 60.(2024 西藏日喀则 一模)Our English teacher gave us _ on how to learn English. A.some advices B.an advice C.a piece of advice D.one advice 61.(2024 甘肃武威 二模)There are some dogs, _ in that village. A.some chicken and some sheep B.some chickens and some sheep C.some chickens and some sheeps D.some chicken and some sheeps 62.(2024 黑龙江鸡西 二模)The two _ bought some _ in the market. A.Germen; potatoes B.Germans; potatos C.Germans; potatoes 63.(2024 云南红河 二模)_ fathers are firefighters. They were involved in fighting the mountain fires in Dali. A.Tom and Bob’s B.Tom’s and Bob’s C.Tom’s and Bob D.Tom and Bob 64. All of us agree that hard work and a little good luck lead to _. A.success B.succeed C.successful D.successfully 65._ the teachers in their school is 208 and one fifth of them are _ teachers. A.A number of; women B.A number of; woman C.The number of; women D.The number of; woman 2、 单词拼写 1.(2024 黑龙江 中考真题)It is reported that 30 (minute) walk every day is healthy enough. 2.(2024 浙江金华 模拟预测)It’s OK to be late sometimes, but never make it a h . 3.(2024 浙江温州 模拟预测)Finally, I got the c to stand on the stage and showed my talent. 4.(2024 浙江杭州 模拟预测)He had many interesting e while traveling in Africa. 5.(2024 浙江 模拟预测)He now treats everyone with kindness and w , spreading love everywhere he goes. 6.(2024 浙江宁波 模拟预测)Come and have supper with us next W if you’re free. 7.(2024 四川内江 三模)It’s not polite to play a j on others who are in trouble. 8.There is no d that to study abroad gives you a good opportunity to learn things. 9.You should offer your s to those in need on the bus. 10.Helen was sent to p for attacking a man with a knife. 11.Disabled children have d walking or moving. 12.—What's the r between Mary and Simon? —They're classmates. 13.Has he gone to Paris on b or for pleasure? 14.Here’s the m . We have many delicious foods in our restaurant. 15.Sorry! Jack is not at home right now. Could I take a m for him? 16.My uncle prefers to live in that neighborhood because there are lots of (优势) of living there. 17.The (事实) is that we will never make it without Johnson’s help. 18.The Chinese believe that a one-thousand-mile j starts with the very first step. 19.I keep a d every day to write some important and interesting things in it. 20.He answered the questions with . (confident). 21.There are a lot of (mouse) in the old man’s house. 22.(2024 西藏日喀则 二模)My parents took me to the amusement park on (child) Day. 23.The man has to write down the Chinese (fisherman) names because they want to go fishing around the island. 24.Many men in this situation would want their (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about others before himself. This made me start to respect him. 25.Ben’s mom put some (match) on the table before the storm came. 第二部分 冠词 考点要求 课标要求 命题预测 不定冠词 掌握不定冠词a/an的基本用法;常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况及常考的固定搭配 对于冠词的考查,以单项选择和语法填空为主,有时也会在完形填空、语法选择等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 定冠词 掌握定冠词的基本用法和易错点及定冠词常考固定搭配 零冠词 掌握零冠词基本用法和易错点及零冠词常考固定搭配 考法01 不定冠词 1.(2024 江苏宿迁 中考真题)I want to be _ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A.a B.an C.the D./ 考法02 定冠词 1.(2024 四川 中考真题)Can you lend me _ book that you bought yesterday? A.an B.the C.a D.不填 2.(2024 甘肃临夏 中考真题)Linda often plays _ piano after school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2024 天津 中考真题)My grandma has got _ garden. And _ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 考点1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考点2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别: (1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。 (2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。 二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7. 用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 【注意】常见、易错的固定表达 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 1.(2024 山东滨州 中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _ usual one. I think I can make it. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.(2024 四川达州 中考真题)Mike is _ honest boy. We all trust him. A.a B.an C.the 3.(2024 黑龙江绥化 中考真题)Beijing, _ capital of China, is _ city with a long history. A./; the B.a; the C.the; a 4.(2024 山东菏泽 中考真题)—What_ interesting book! —Yes, _book is really amazing. A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a 5.(2024 甘肃白银 中考真题)I bought a new computer last weekend. _ computer is made in China. A.A B.An C.The D./ 6.(2024 四川凉山 中考真题)—What’s _ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A.a B./ C.the 7.(2025 四川成都 一模)It is _ honor that Chengdu A4 Art Museum has won the “Global Top Seven Most Beautiful Museums”. A./ B.a C.an 8.(2025 上海金山 一模)To _ blind, dogs are family members as well as their eyes, helping them walk around. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.(2025 上海闵行 一模)Panda Ya Ya will spend _ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.(2025 上海浦东新 一模)Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _ time for safety. A.a B.an C.the D./ 11.(2025 上海黄浦 一模)I always give my friend _ hand when she needs help. A.a B.an C.the D./ 12.(2025 上海普陀 一模)Giving _ example is a great way to explain a new idea. A.a B.an C./ D.the 13.(2025 上海宝山 一模)Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of _ homeless. A.a B.an C.the D./ 14._ Smiths used to be poor, but they live _ better life now. A./; a B./; the C.The; a D.The; the 15.—It seems that your son shows _ interest in music. —That’s true. Maybe he will enter _ Central Conservatory of Music in the future. A.a, a B.a, the C.an, a D.an, the 16.—What _ unusual boy your brother is! —I can’t agree more. He can play the music with _ strong local colour so well. A.a; a B.a; / C.an; a D.an; / 17.—Have you ever been to Beijing? —Yes, I have. It’s _ capital of our country with _ long history. A.the; a B.an; the C.a; the 18.Tom is _ European boy and his best friend is _ Asian girl. A.an; an B.a; an C.an; a D.a; a 19.It’s _ honor for me to give a speech about Chinese culture. A.a B.an C.the D./ 20.Quan Hongchan is _ youngest player that wins three gold medals in China’s Olympic history. A.the B.a C./ 21. The children made the cards for their teachers by _ hand. A.a B.the C./ 22. I like playing _ piano, but Jerry likes playing _ football. A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an 23. I’ve had _ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to _ bed early. A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填;不填 D. a; the 24.—Did that sportsman win _ gold medal at _ Tokyo Olympics? —Yes, he did. A.a; an B./; the C.a; / D.a; the 25.My hometown Cambridge is _ beautiful city in _ east of England. A.a; / B.an; the C.an; / D.a; the 53 / 54 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$