专题02 高频易错易混词汇归纳-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（湖南专用）

专题02 高频易错易混词汇归纳 1.event, happening 【辨析】这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。 event 可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。 happening 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。 The May 4th Movement was an important event in the Chinese history. 2.ache, pain, sore 【辨析】这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。 ache 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。 pain 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。 sore 指身体某部位的痛处，有时也指精神上的痛苦。 He has an ache in his/ the chest. 他胸部疼痛。 Her back causes/ gives her a lot of pain. 她背痛得厉害。 She’s still a bit sore after the accident. 她出事后直到现在还觉得痛呢。 3. actor, player, performer 【辨析】这些名词均有“演员”之意。 actor 指在舞台剧、电影、电视剧或广播剧中以演出为职业的男演员，侧重扮演的角色。 player 侧重指职业或业余舞蹈演员,运动员，玩家。 performer 使用广泛，不仅可指舞台或影视演员，而且可指舞蹈演员、乐器演奏等的演员，侧重在观众面前的实际表演。 The film director put the new actor through his paces. 电影导演测试了一下那位新演员的演技。 Let’s give the players a big round of applause! 让我们为演员们热烈鼓掌。 The performer received only pitying looks from his audience. 从观众的表情看，那个表演者得到的只是同情和怜悯。 4.advantage, benefit, interest, favor, gain 【辨析】这些名词均有“利益、好处”之意。 advantage 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。 benefit 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或益处。 interest 作“利益”解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。 favor 指在竞争中获得的advantage，也可指狭隘的个人利益。 gain 指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏他人利益而获得的无形好处。 Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages over other students in her class. 她有法国式的教养，这使她比班上其他同学略胜一筹。 Because of illness she didn’t get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。 We work for our common interests. 我们为共同的利益而工作。 There’s no profit in running a cinema in this town. 在这个镇里经营一家电影院是无利可图的。 Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点，好吗？ We hope for some gain from our investment. 我们希望投资有利可图。 5.advice, opinion, proposal, suggestion, recommendation, view 【辨析】这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。 advice 普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。 opinion 日常用词，泛指对某事物的想法和意见。 proposal 指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。 suggestion 普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式。着重指为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。 recommendation 指在自己经历的基础上提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。 View 侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。 If you take my advice you’ll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话，就去看定。 What’s your opinion of the new President？ 你对新总统有什么看法？ the proposal of new terms for a peace treaty 缔结和平条约新条款的建议 On/ At your suggestion I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议，我买了较贵的这种型号。 The child was taken away from its parents on the recommendation of social workers. 根据社会工作者的建议， 把那孩子与其父母分开了。 What are your views on her resignation? 你对她辞职有什么想法？ 6. join，take part in，attend 三个词都表示"参加"Join 一般指加入"党派"或组织, 如参军，入党等take part in 只参加聚会活 动；attend 一般指出席会议。 When did you brother join the army. We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 用take part in，join in，join或attend的适当形式填空 1. He _________________ you in the walk this morning. 2. He'll _________________ an important meeting tomorrow. 3. Come along and _________________ the ball game. 4. I _________________ his lecture yesterday. 5. Lincoln _________________ polities and was strongly against slavery（奴隶）. 6. Why didn't you _________________ the talk last night？ 7. We often _________________ physical labor. 8. When did your brother _________________ the army？ 9. We'll _________________ social practice during the summer vacation. 10. We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you _________________us？ 11. His brother _________________ the army three years ago. 12. Will you _________________ us in a game of cards？ 13. He was ill and didn't _________________ school. 14. We should _________________ school activities. 15. Will you _________________ us for dinner？ 答案： 1. joined 2.attend 3.join in 4.attended 5.took part in 6.join 7.take part in 8.join 9.take part in 10.join 11.joined 12.join 13.attend 14.take part in 15.join 7. take place， happen 1). take place 表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种 原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. 2). happen作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如： What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?) I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 8. hear，listen 听者两不同hear 是瞬间行为动词，指听见某人说话或者做事发出的声音，即听的结果（指已听见 了）。 Listen 指有意识的去听，即听的过程，是延续性不及物动词，常用Listen to(doing) sth.。 比较：I listened hard, but could hear nothing.我努力听，但什么也没听见。 9. weather， climate weather指一天内具体的天气状况；climate指长期的气候状况。 例：The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road指具体的公路，马路；street指街道；path指小路，小径；way 指道路，途径 例：take this road; in the street Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course 课程(可包括多门科目)，subject 科目(具体的学科) 例：a summer course 12. custom, habit custom指传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do；habit指生活习惯，后接 of doing. 例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth； reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动，锻炼(不可数)；exercises 练习，操类运动(可数)；practice(反复做的)练习。 例：Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson，指班级或全体学生用 class. 16. speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说； talk指日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话； lecture指学术性的演讲，讲课。 17. officer, official officer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 例：an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。 work指无差别的人类劳动，不可数； job指具体某一项工作， 可数， a good job。 19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西。 例：a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country 侧重指版图，疆域； nation 指人民，国民，民族； state 侧重指政府，政体； land 国土，国家 例：The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 指厨师；cooker 指厨具。 例：He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage 不可数名词，损害，损失; damages 复数形式，赔偿金。 例：$900 damages 23. police, policeman police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词；policeman 指某个具体的警察。 例：The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困难联系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise；question 常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer 连用。 用question或problem填空 1. The_________________is difficult to be solved. 2. May I ask you some_________________？ 3. Can you work out this maths_________________？ 4. It's a_________________of money. 5. They have some_________________getting there. 6. She likes to ask all kinds of_________________. 7. The_________________is how to get the money for the project. 8. It is a _________________of finding enough workers. 9. The teacher set us some difficult_________________. 10. Please answer my_________________. 答案： 1. problem 2.questions 3.problem 4.question 5.problems 6.questions 7.problem 8.question 9.problems 10.question 25. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉讲。 例：The chicken is delicious. 26. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的。 例：a telegram, by telegraph 27. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel 是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行；trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行；journey 指稍长的旅途；voyage 指海上航行。 用trip，journey，travel，tour或voyage填空 1. The _________________ from American to France used to take two months. 2. How did you enjoy your _________________ in Europe？ 3. I go to work by train，and the _________________ takes half an hour. 4. He made a five-month _________________ of India and the Far East. 5. He took us on a _________________ of his new house. 6. The _________________ across the sea was smooth. 7. She had been away on a long _________________ . 8. I don't believe we'll be able to afford any _________________ . 9. Will you please bring back some sugar on your next ____________ to the kitchen？ 10. _________________ were arranged for the foreign visitors to see the Great Wall. 11. My father has gone down-town on a shopping _________________ . 12. Our American friends are making a _________________ of Shanghai. 13. He made a _________________ to the Great Wall yesterday. 14. I am reading a book about the _________________ to North Pole. 15. He decided to make a _________________ to New York by air. 答案： 1. voyage 2.travels 3.trip/journey 4.tour 5.tour 6.voyage 5. trip/journey 8.travel 9.journey 10.Tour 11.tour 12.tour 13.trip 14.travel 15.journey 28. sport, game sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等 ; game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。 例：His favorite sport is swimming. 29. price, prize price 价格；prize 奖，奖品，奖金。 例：win the first prize The price is high/low. 30.festival，holiday，vacation festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动。 例：The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. 春节是中国最重要的节日。 holiday“假日”，指法定假日或风俗习惯，其复数可以表示一个较长的假期。 例：Saturday is a holiday and most people do not work. 星期六是个假日，多数人不工作。 vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。 例：What are you going to do during the winter vacation/holidays? 31. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词，clothing是服装的总称。 Cloth布料（不可数） Clothes衣服（本身为复数名词） Clothing衣物的总称（不可数） Dress正式场合的礼服 32. incident, accident incident 指小事件,； accident 指不幸的事故。 例：He was killed in the accident. 33. amount, number amount of 后接不可数名词；a number of 后接可数名词 例：amount of money；a number of students 34. family, house, home home指家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员。 例：My family is a happy one. 小试牛刀 用house，home或family填空 1. I arrived _______________very late every day. 2. New _______________are going up everywhere. 3. East or west， _______________is best. 4.They have married for two years，but have not any _______________yet. 5. He bought a _______________last year. 6. Almost every _______________in the village has a man in the army. 7. Tom is the eldest of the _______________. 8. There's no place like _______________. 9. There are many new _______________in our village. 10. Tom regards Nanjing as his second _____________because he has been here for many years. 参考答案： 1. home 2.houses 3.home 4.family 5.house 6. family 7.family 8.home 9.houses 10.home 35. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 指人的嗓音，noise指噪音 。 例：I hate the see noise outside. 用sound（s），noise或voice（s）填空 1. Don't make any _________________ ，children. 2. _________________ travels slower than light. 3. There's so much _________________ in this room that I can’t hear you talking. 4. They were shouting at the top of their _________________ . 5. He spoke in a very loud _________________ . 6. Don't make a _________________ . The baby's asleep. 7. Does this sentence _________________ right？ 8. The little girl has a very beautiful and sweet _________________. 9. I can't hear the _________________ of the bells outside. 10. The music _________________ is too loud. 11. He caught a bad cold and lost his _________________ . 12. I heard the _________________ of running water. 13. There's a lot of _________________ here. 14. Don't make much _________________ . 15. Her _________________ is very attractive. 答案： 1. noise 2.Sound 3.noise 4.voices 5.voice 6.noise 7.sound 8. voice 9.sound 10.sounds 11.voice 12.sound 13.noise 14. noise 15.voice 36. photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相机拍摄的照片；picture 可指相片，图片，影片；drawing指画的画，主要是素描。 例：Let's go and see a good picture. 37. vocabulary, word vocabulary 指词汇，一个人拥有的单词量；word 指具体的单词。 例：He has a large vocabulary. 38. population, people population 指人口，人数；people 指具体的人。 例：China has a large population. 39. put on， wear， dress（in）；dress (1)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调动作，后接物。 (2)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，后接物。 (3)dress意为“给……穿衣服”，后接人。 （4）dressed in+颜色/衣服 用put on，wear，dress或in的适当形式填空 1. He was _________________ a jacket. 2. He was _________________in a blue coat. 3. The girl _________________red is my sister. 4. My brother is handicapped（残疾的）so I have to _________________her. 5. I want you to _________________this coat and this hat. 6. You'd better _________________blue or black pants with blown shoes. 7. My son is now able to _________________himself. 8. Why does he often _________________dark sunglasses？ 9. _________________your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 10. She is _________________in a fur coat. 11. He often _________________a pair of sunglasses. 12. Who is the boy _________________a blue shirt？ 13. It is so cold outside. _________________your warm coat when you go out. 14. He could _________________himself when he was five years old. 15. Look！Lucy is _________________a red shirt and a pair of pink shoes. 参考答案： 1. wearing 2.dressed 3.in 4.dress 5.put on 6.wear 7.dress 8.wear 9.Put on 10.dressed 11.wears 12.in 13.Put on 14.dress 15.wearing 40. look， see， watch， notice， read (1)look意为“看；瞧”，指有目的地将目光转向某处，强调“看”的动作，后面常与at搭配使用，一般用于表示看静止的物体。 (2)see意为“看见”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看”的结果。 (3)watch意为“观看；注视”，用于表示看移动或变化的物体，如看电视、比赛等。 (4)notice意为“看到；听到；注意到”，含有从不注意到注意变化的意义。 (5)read意为“阅读；读懂”，指看文字，如书、报纸、杂志等。 小试牛刀 用look（at），watch或see适当形式填空 1. I waved to my father，but he didn't even _________________ me. 2. I _________________ but could _________________nothing. 3. He _________________her with his eyes full of love. 4. I usually spend Saturday afternoon _________________a football match. 5. Did you _________________a film last night？ 6. _________________the picture carefully. 7. _________________！The bus is coming. 8. I can _________________some birds in the tree. 9. He _________________TV only on Saturday evening. 10. What can you _________________in the picture？ 11. _________________the kite. It's flying every high. 12. I _________________the match at the moment. 13. How many birds can you _________________in the tree？ 14. We _________________carefully，but _________________nothing. 15. Did you _________________the moon last Mid-Autumn Festival？ 参考答案： 1. see 2. looked, see 3. looked at 4. watching 5. See 6. Look at 7. Look 8. see 9. watches 10. See 11. Look at 12. am watching 13. see 14. looked, saw 15. see 41. say， talk， speak，tell (1) say意为“说”，强调说话的内容，不以人作直接宾语。 (2) talk意为“谈话；交谈”，强调说话者之间的交流。常见搭配有：talk with / to sb. 与某人交谈，talk about sth. 谈论某事。 (3) speak作不及物动词时，意为“谈话；交谈”，比talk更正式，强调与某人交谈试图达到某一目的或让对方做某事，常见搭配为：speak to / with sb. (about sth.) （就某事）与某人交谈；作及物动词时，意为“讲（某种语言）”，后面接表示语言的名词。 (4) tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语，即：tell sb.sth./ tell sth.to sb. 告诉某人某事。 用say，tell，speak或talk的适当形式填空 1. No ________________in the library. 2. ________________loudly please. I can't hear you clearly. 3. Mother often ________________me not to play football on the road. 4. Our headmaster is ________________at the meeting now. 5. Our Chinese teacher often ________________us stories. 6. He ________________goodbye to us and left. 7. He never ________________lies to his mother. 8. Grandma often ________________stories when I was young. 9. I have a few words to ________________. 10. What did your mother ________________you just now？ 11. Can you ________________it clearly？ 12. Don't ________________in class. 13. We are ________________about our homework. Do you join us？ 14. --Who is ________________？ --This is Tom ________________. 15. I don't know how to ________________English. I don't know how to ________________in English. I don't know how to ________________it in English. 答案： 1. talk 2.Speak 3.tells 4.speaking 5.tells 6.said 7.tells 7. told 9.say 10.tell 11.say 12.talk 13.talking 13. speaking，speaking 15.speak，talk，say 42. spend，cost， take， pay 四者都可以表示“花费”，但用法均有不同。 (1)spend的主语是人，通常表示花费时间或金钱，常见用法有：sb.spend(s) time / money on sth. 某人在……上花费时间 / 金钱，sb.spend(s) time / money doing sth. 某人花费时间 / 金钱做某事。 (2)cost的主语是某物或某事，通常表示花费金钱，常见用法为:sth.cost(s)sb.money某物花了某人多少钱。 (3)take的主语是it或某事，通常表示花费时间，常见用法有：It takes sb.time to do sth. =doing sth.takes sb.time做某事花了某人多少时间。 (4)pay的主语是人，通常表示花费金钱，常与for搭配使用，常见搭配有：pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买某物，pay for sth.为某物付钱，pay for sb.替某人付钱。 用spend，take，pay或cost的适当形式填空 1. I have ________________all day looking for you. 2. It ________________me ten minutes to walk home every day. 3. I ________________two hours on this maths problem. 4. Don't worry！I’ll ________________for you. 5. A new computer ________________a lot of money. 6. May I borrow 12 yuan from you？I’ll ________________it back next week. 7. It ________________them three years to build this road. 8. I have to ________________them 20 pounds for this room each month. 9. They ________________two years（in）building this bridge. 10. They ________________us every month. 11. I have ________________all day looking for you. 12. How much did it ________________to build the bridge？ 13. It ________________me an hour to write the letter. 14. It ________________1000 dollars a year to run a car. 15. The letter ________________me an hour to write. 答案： 1. spent 2.takes 3.spent 4.pay 5.costs 6.pay 7.took 8.pay 9.spent 10.pay 11.spent 12.cost 13.took 14.cost 15.took 43.take， bring， get， carry (1)take意为“拿走；带走”，指把某物或某人带到说话者和听者都不在的地方去。 (2)bring意为“拿来；带来”，指把某物或某人从别处带到说话者或听者所在的地方来。 (3)get意为“取来”，与fetch同义，表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来（双程）。 (4)carry意为“搬运；携带”，不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。 小试牛刀： 用take， bring， get， carry填空 （1） Next time don't forget to ________________ me a copy of your work. （2） I always ________________ a gun. （3） This bus is licensed（许可）to ________________ 50 passengers. （4） Please ________________ me the chair in that room. （5） Please wait a minute. He's just gone out to ________________ some water. （6） The city subway（地铁） ________________ hundreds of thousands of passengers every. （7） The teacher asked the students to ________________ their dictionaries to the class. （8） May I ________________ this magazine home？ （9） Next time，please ________________ your sister here. （10） In the UK，people always ________________ umbrellas when they are out. （11） Mr. Li said，“ ________________ me the clock，and I will mend it for you.” （12） Please ________________ the letter to the post office. （13） I never ________________ much money with me. （14） Go and ________________ some coffee for me. （15） Let me ________________ the box for you. 参考答案： （1）bring（2）carry（3）carry（4）fetch/get（5）fetch/get（6）carry（7）bring（8）take（9）bring （10）take（11）Bring（12）take（13）take（14）fetch/get（15）carry 44. borrow， lend， keep (1)borrow表示“借入”，是非延续性动词。borrow … from … 意为“向某人 /从某处借入某物”。 (2)lend表示“借出”，是非延续性动词。lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth. 意为“借出某物给某人”。 (3)keep意为“保留；借”，是延续性动词。“keep sth.for＋时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”。 小试牛刀 用borrow， lend， keep填空 （1） She _________________some money to him. （2） He offered to _________________me some books. （3） Don't _________________money from her. （4） Sam _________________a car from his friend. （5） You can _________________my recorder for three days. （6） Thank you for _________________me your bike. （7） I _________________this book for only one week. （8） We often _________________books from our school library. （9） How long have you _________________the book？ （10） He _________________his pen to me. 参考答案： （1）lent（2）lend（3）borrow（4）borrowed（5）keep（6）lending（7）have kept（8）borrow （9）kept（10）lent 45. get， arrive， reach (1)get表示“到达”时是不及物动词，要与介词to连用，即：get to+表示地点的名词。 (2)arrive是不及物动词，表示“到达某地”时要借助介词in或at，后接到达的城市、国家或地区时常用in，后接到达的具体地点或场所时常用at。 (3)reach表示“到达”时是及物动词，直接接地点，即：reach+表示地点的名词。 注 意 当arrive和get后面接表示地点的副词（如here, there, home等）时，无须加介词；如果需要单独使用，后面不接任何地点名词或副词时，只能用arrive。 小试牛刀 用reach，arrive或get的适当形式填空 1. Jane ________________to the U.S.A. a few days ago. 1. When he ________________at the station，the train had left. 1. Last night they ________________home at about 12 o'clock. 1. Please tell me when the bus ________________. 1. Jim and Kate ________________their hometown tomorrow. 1. Why did you ________________home so late？ 1. With the help of Internet，news can ________________every corner of the world. 1. Your letter ________________me last week. 1. They will ________________in Paris next Monday. 1. You can guess it when you ________________the end of the chapter. 1. They ________________in Beijing on February 17. 1. I ________________to school at about 7:30 every day. 1. Have we ________________the zoo yet？ 1. Do you know what time the plane ________________to Moscow？ 1. They ________________the station at 8 this morning. 答案： 1. got 2.arrived 3.arrived 4.will arrive 5.will reach 6.arrive/get 1. reach 8.reached 9.arrive 10.reach 11.arrived 12.get 1. reached 14.will get 15.reached 46. leave， forget， lose （1）leave意为“忘了带；丢下”，常用于“leave sth./sb.+介词+名词”结构中，表示“将某物 / 某人落在某处”。 （2）forget意为“忘记带（需要之物）”，后面直接接名词，不再接地点。 （3）lose意为“丢失；失去”，表示找不到某物或某人。 47. look for， find， find out (1)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程，结果未知。 （2）find意为“找到”，强调找的结果。 (3)find out意为“查出；查明”，表示经过调查后弄清真相。 48. offer， provide， supply 【辨析】 (1)offer意为“给予”，强调主动提供，常见搭配有：offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.提供某人某物。 (2)provide意为“供给；提供”，强调提供生活必需品或他人想要的物品，常见搭配有：provide sb.with sth. / provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物。 (3)supply意为“供应；提供”，强调长期并且量大的供应，常见搭配有：supply sb.with sth. / supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物。 49. accept， receive 【辨析】 receive意为“接到；收到”，指客观上收到某物，与本人意愿无关。 accept意为“接受”，指主观上接受或同意，强调本人的意愿。 小试牛刀 用receive或accept的适当形式填空 1. I _________an invitation to the party yesterday，but I refused to ________________it. 2. I ________________his letter but I cannot ________________his love. 3. She offered him a lift and he ________________it. 4. She was warmly ________________. 5. I ________________a Christmas present yesterday. 6. She has ________________his present，but she will not ________________it. 7. He asked her to marry him and she ________________him. 8. He ________________an invitation from his friend. 9. She ________________my love at last. 10. I ________________an email from my pen friend last night. 11. The villagers have told him that they will not ________________ the pub even if he gives it away. 12. We haven't ________________ his letter for a long time. 13. He couldn't ________________ our suggestions but our gifts. 14. She was very glad to ________________ the invitation. 15. He did not ________________ a good education at university. 答案： 1. received，accept 2.received，accept 3.accepted 4.received 5. received 6.received，accept 7.accepted 8.received 9.accepted 8. received 11.accept 12.received 13.accept 14.receive/accept 15.receive 50. hope， wish 两者作动词时都可表示“希望（某事发生）”。 （1）hope表示有较大可能性实现的希望，可用于“hope+that从句”和hope to do sth.结构中。 （2）wish则表示难以实现的愿望，后面通常接一个that引导的宾语从句，且从句里的动词要用过去时，表示虚拟。 注意 wish还可以表示“想要做某事”，可用于wish to do sth.和wish sb.to do sth.结构中。而hope则没有hope sb. to do sth. 这个用法。 用wish或hope（s）填空 1. I _____________ you to go. 2. I _____________that you will help me. 3. I _____________I could fly like a bird. 4. He _____________to become a doctor. 5. I _____________he were here. 6. I _____________to spend a year in American after I leave school. 7. We _____________that he will be well again soon. 8. I _____________to see your manager，please. 9. _____________ you success. 10. I _____________ you had told me earlier. 11. I _____________ you to succeed. 12. I _____________you'll be better soon. 13. I _____________I were ten years younger. 14. We _____________you a happy New Year. 15. I _____________to visit Guilin. 参考答案 1. wish 2.hope 3.wish 4.hopes 5.wish 6.hope 7.hope 8.wish 9.Wish 10.wish 11.wish 12.hope 13.wish 14.wish 15.hope/wish 51. win， beat (1)win意为“获得；赢”，后接比赛、赛跑、战争、奖品、金钱等。 (2)beat 意为“打败；胜过”，后接竞争的对手。 小试牛刀 （1） They ________________ the match this time. （2） We played very well，and we ________________ them. （3） We ________________ the strongest team in the football match this time. （4） He ________________ the first prize in the surfing competition. （5） Who ________________ at last？ （6） Class three ________________ us 5:00. （7） I am sure to ________________ the match. （8） They ________________ the battle. （9） In the end their army was ________________ . （10） We ________________ their team by 10 points. （11） They ________________ this time. （12） He ________________ three second places（三个第二名）in the seven events. （13） I’ll ________________ you to the top of that hill. （14） He has ________________ a reputation（名声）for himself. （15） Last term our school ________________ their school at football. 参考答案： （1）won（2）beat（3）beat（4）won（5）won（6）beat（7）win（8）won（9）beaten（10）beat （11）won（12）won（13）beat（14）won（15）beat 52 except， besides， but， except for 【辨析】 (1)except 意为“除……之外”，指在整体中除去一部分。 (2)besides意为“除……之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。 (3)but意为“除……之外”，与except同义，但其前面通常有nobody， nothing， anything, no 等词出现。 (4)except for与except基本同义，但except主要用来谈论同类的东西，而except for后面接的词与前面所提的内容不同类，常表示整体中有不足，含有惋惜意味。 53 above, over, on, below, under 【辨析】 （1）above表示“在……之上(不接触下面的物体，且为非正上方)”。 （2）over表示“在……的正上方(不接触下面的物体)”。 (3)on表示“在……上面（接触下面的物体）”。 （4）below表示“在……之下(不接触上面的物体，且为非正下方)”。 （5） under表示“在……的正下方(接触或没有接触上方的物体）”。 54 later， in，after 【辨析】 （1）after意为“在……(时间)之后”时，后接时间段或时间点；当它后面接一个时间段时，常用于过去时。 （2）当in意为“在…… (时间)之后”时，后接时间段，常用于将来时。 （3）later：一般是单独用或者在前面加个时间。例如，单独用的有See you later（待会见），I will give it back to you later（我待会儿会把它还给你）；前面加时间的例如two hours later（两小时以后）。 小试牛刀 用later， in，after填空 1. I shall go swimming _____________ four o'clock this afternoon. 2. They will return__________ _two weeks. 3. We shall come again_____________. 4. The meeting ended _____________an hour. 5. He is going to London_____ three days. 6. We started out____________ two weeks. 7. Just___________ seven the rain began to fall. 8. He went there a few days _____________. 9. Shall will come to see us_____________. 10. I shall come round____ ________a day or two. 11. He then left home，and came back______ ______a year. 12. An hour _____________，he returned home. 13. The film will be shown_____________2 or 3 days. 14. He came back________ ____two hours. 15. Let's hurry！The train will leave___________ _five minutes. 参考答案： （1）after（2）in（3）later（4）after（5）in（6）after（7）after（8）later（9）later（10）in （11）after（12）later（13）in（14）after（15）in 55 . among， between， in the middle of 【辨析】 (1)among一般用于三者或三者以上的人或事物，表示“在……之中”。 (2)between一般指两者之间，常与and连用，表示“在……之间”。 (3)in the middle of意为“在……中间”，可以表示在某个物体的中部，也可以表示在一个事件或一段时间的中间。 小试牛刀 用between或among填空 （1） What's the difference ________________ the two words？ （2） They hid themselves ________________ the trees. （3） The relations ________________ various countries are very important. （4） The book is the best ________________ the modern novels. （5） There does not seem much difference ________________ the three of them. （6） The teacher sat ________________ the children. （7） I am sitting ________________ my parents. （8） The bed-room is shared ________________ the six students. （9） The park lies ________________ a road and the woods. （10） We must find out the difference ________________ the three companies. （11） The little town lies ________________ the mountains. （12） Switzerland lies ________________ France，Germany Australia and Italy. （13） The young person lives and works ________________ the workers. （14） ________________ the door and the window there is a map. （15） They divided the money ________________ themselves. 参考答案： （1）between （2among（3）between（4）among（5）among（6）among（7）between（8）among （9）between（10）among（11）among（12）between（13）among（14）Between（15）among/between 56. across， through 【辨析】 (1) across意为“横穿；穿过”，主要表示从物体的表面上穿过，如过马路、过桥等。 (2) through意为“穿过；通过；贯穿”，主要表示从物体的内部穿过，如穿过村庄、森林等。 注 意 go / walk across相当于cross。 57. like， as alike 【辨析】 （1）like意为“相似；像”，表示某人或某物的“外表像……”或“某些特征像……”，而实际上不是。 （2）as意为“像，如同”时，常用于做比较；意为“作为；当作”时，用于说明某人的工作、身份、职责或某物的用途、外观等。 （3）alike 指的是“事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似”；like则是普通用词，指的是“多个或全部特性都相似，但并非同一个，也可指在某个特殊的偶然相似。” 牛刀小试 用alike或like填空 1. ____________father，____________son. 2. He and his brother are very much_______________. 3. He looked _______________a post man but he was really a driver. 4. All Americans look_______________. 5. _______________thinking produces _______________ideas. 6. I can't believe how much these two girls look _______________. 7. The man looks _______________a cartoon character. 8. The two office buildings are somewhat（稍微）_______________in appearance. 9. She treats all her students _______________. 10. She looks _______________a very young lady. 11. He is _______________his father. 12.We cannot find two people_____________ in everything. 13. Great minds think _______________. 14. They look _______________each other. 15. All good books are _______________. 参考答案： （1）like；like（2）alike（3）like（4）alike（5）Like；like（6）like （7）like（8）alike（9）alike（10）like（11）like（12）alike（13）alike （14）like（15）alike 58. since， for 【辨析】 (1)since后接时间点，意为“自从……”。 (2)for后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 59. in front of, in the front of 【辨析】 （1）in front of表示“在……（某空间外部）的前面”。 （2） in the front of表示“在……（某空间内部）的前面”。 60 alive， living， lively， live 【辨析】 (1)alive意为“活着的；在世的”，强调生与死的界限，可作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。 (2)living意为“活着的”，强调“尚在人间”或“健在”，可作表语或前置定语。 (3)lively意为“活泼的；充满活力的”，可作表语、宾语补足语或前置定语。 (4)live作形容词时，可意为“活的”，相当于living; 也可意为“现场的；直播的”。 小试牛刀 用alive，living或lively，live填空 1. The fish is still ______________. 2. The enemy officer was caught ______________. 3. All the_____________ residents attended Nixon's funeral. 4. The band played a ______________tune. 5. The injured man is unconscious（失去意识的）but still ______________. 6. He makes his class ______________. 7. There aren't many pandas ______________in the world today. 8. He is a ______________Lei Feng. 9. They were buried（埋葬）______________. 10. The ceremony（仪式）will be broadcast（播放）______________. 11. Who's the greatest man ______________？ 12. He told us a very ______________story. 13. The ______________ are more important to us than the dead. 14. We found the snake ______________. 15. She may be 80，but she's still ______________. 参考答案： （1）alive/living（2）alive（3）living（4）lively（5）alive（6）lively（7）alive（8）living （9）alive（10）live（11）alive（12）lively（13）living（14）alive（15）living/alive 61. high / low， expensive / cheap (1)high意为“高的”，反义词为low，意为“低的”，用来形容价格、租金或收费的高低。 (2)expensive意为“昂贵的”，反义词为cheap，意为“便宜的”，用来形容物品本身。 62.a few， few， a little， little (1)a few后面接复数名词，表肯定意义，意为 “一些；几个”。 (2)few后面接复数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。 (3)a little后面接不可数名词，表肯定意义，意为“一点；一些”。另外，a little还可作副词，后面接形容词、副词原级和比较级，如：a little fat有点胖，a little faster更快一点。 (4)little后面接不可数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。 小试牛刀 用little，a little，few或a few填空 1. There is _________________milk in the bottle，is there？ 2. He has _________________friends here，so he feels lonely. 3. She has _________________books about stars，doesn't she？ 4. Although he's wealthy，he spends _________________on clothes. 5. Only _________________of our customers have accounts（账号）. 6. I have quite _________________books on art. 7. Can't you walk _________________faster？ 8. Tourists come here but _________________stay overnight. 9. There is __________ink in my bottle. Can you give me a ___________ink？ 10. My father has many books，but he has _________________English books. 11. This is a very old song，so _________________young people know it. 12. Paul has made a lot of kites，but _________________can fly in the sky. 13. There aren't many oranges here，but you can take _________if you want to. 14. --Could you show me how to do the word processing（文字处理）？ --Sorry，I know _________________about it. 15. These days quite _______________young people like listening to the music. 参考答案： 1. little 2.few 3.a few 4.little 5.a few 6.a few 7.a little 8.few 9.little，a little 10.few 11.few 12.few 13.few 14.little 15.a few 63 either， too， also， as well 它们都可以表示“也”。 (1）either通常用于否定句中，意为“也不”，置于句末，可用逗号隔开，也可不用。 (2)too通常用于肯定句或一般疑问句中，置于句末，可用逗号隔开，也可不用，较口语化。 (3)also通常用于肯定句中，置于行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后，较正式。 (4)as well通常用于肯定句中，置于句末，通常不用逗号隔开，较口语化。 用too，also，either或as well填空 1. I am a student， _________________ . 2. Lucy doesn't go to the party， _________________ . 3. Li Ming _________________ took part in a ceremony. 4. She has knowledge and experience _________________ . 5. Are they coming _________________ ？ 6. I， _________________ ，will help you. 7. Lucy is listening to the radio，Lily is _________________ listening. 8. He hasn't finished it， _________________ . 9. Why not ask your brother to go to the cinema， _________________ ？ 10. She played the piano，and _________________ sang songs. 11. He is _________________ saying，“I don't want any bread， _________________ .” 12. I _________________ study English and Russian. 13. Not only the children but _________________ their father is in town. 14. John _____________ believes that bears hibernate（冬眠）in winter ______________ . 15. The foreigner can speak English，he can speak French _________________ . 答案： 1. too 2.either 3.also 4.as well/too 5.too 6.too 7.also 8.either 9.too 10.also 11.also 12.also 13.also 14.also，too15.as well/too 64. sometimes， some times， sometime，some time (1)sometimes是副词，意为“有时”，表示频率，同义词组为at times。 (2)some times意为“几次”，此时time作可数名词，表示“次数；倍数”。 (3)sometime是副词，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或将来的某个时候。 (4)some time意为“一段时间”，常与for连用，此时time作不可数名词。 用sometimes，some times，sometime或some time填空 1. --Will you stay in Beijing for ________________？--Yes，I will. 2. ________________he goes to school by bike and ________________by bus. 3. The museum was built ________________before 1258. 4. After ________________，Mr. Liu came back from abroad. 5. He has been told not to play computer games too much ________________. 6. I’ll speak to him about it ________________. 7. You can hand in your homework ________________before Friday. 8. I’ll be away for ________________. 9. I have been to the Great Wall ________________. 10. ________________I watch TV with my parents. 11. Our school is ________________larger than theirs. 12. I will stay here for ________________. 13. She stayed in bed for ________________. 14. She likes ________________the one and ________________the other. 15. We will hold a meeting ________________. 参考答案： 1. some time 2.Sometimes，sometimes 3.sometime 4.some time 5.some times 6.sometime 7.sometime 8.some time 9.some times 10.Sometimes 11.some times 12.some time 13.some time 14.sometimes，sometimes 15.sometime 65. already， yet， still (1)already意为“已经”，多置于肯定句的中间。already在疑问句中时，常表示吃惊、意外的语气，此时already常置于句末。 (2)yet意为“已经；还”，常置于否定句或疑问句的末尾。 (3)still意为“仍然；还”，可用于各种句式中，且一般只置于句中。 牛刀小试 用already、yet或still填空 1. I haven't known _______________. 2. I have_______________ finished my homework. 3. My son is_______________ sleeping. 4. I haven't finished it_______________. 5. He had_______________ gone when I arrived. 6. Have you eaten your dinner_______________？ 7. Do you_______________ work in that company？ 8. She has_______________ washed those clothes 9. She___________ likes him. 10. Have you finished your homework_______________？ 11. Does he _______________work in the factory？ 12. Has the bell rung _______________？ 13. The train has _______________left. 14. Do you _______________teach in that school？ 15. Have you finished the work _______________？You are very speedy（迅速的）. 参考答案： （1）yet （2）already （3）still （4）yet （5）already （6）yet （7）still （8）already （9）still （10）yet （11）still （12）yet （13）already （14）still （15）already like 66.sleepy， asleep (1)sleepy意为“困乏的；昏昏欲睡的”,在句中可作定语或表语。 (2)asleep意为“睡着的”，在句中只能作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语，强调“睡着了”的状态。反义词是awake,意为“醒着的”。常见搭配为：fall asleep入睡。 用sleep，sleeping，asleep或sleepy填空 1. He had a good _________________ last night. 2. This _________________ bag is very comfortable. 3. I feel very _________________ now. 4. He was too tied and fell _________________ at once. 5. He goes to bed very late every day，so he often feels _________________ . 6. I met an old friend of mine in the _________________ car. 7. He was fast _________________ . I couldn't wake him up. 8. Jim felt __________ this morning in class because he didn't fall __________ last night. 9. Don't make any noise. Tom has already fallen _________________ . 10. I don't know when I went to _________________ last night. 答案： 1. sleep 2.sleeping 3.sleepy 4.asleep 5.sleepy 6.sleeping 7. asleep 8.sleepy，asleep 9.asleep 10.sleep 67.each，every 【辨析】 （1）each既可以作形容词，也可以作代词，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，强调个体。作代词时，可与“of+复数名词”连用构成名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式；作形容词时，修饰单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)every只可以作形容词，指整体中的“每一个”，强调整体情况，修饰单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 68. whole， all (1)whole意为“全部的；整体的”，常用来修饰单数可数名词，常置于冠词 (a， an， the)、单数指示代词、物主代词或所有格之后。 (2)all意为“所有的；全部的”，常用来修饰不可数名词或复数可数名词，常置于定冠词(the)、指示代词、物主代词或所有格之前。 注意 time, day, month, year等表示时间的词均可以用whole或all来修饰，如：the whole time / all the time（在某段时间内）一直, the whole day / all day一整天。 69. alone， lonely （1）alone作形容词时，意为“单独的”，强调客观上独自一人，只能作表语。此外，alone还可作副词，意为“单独；独自”，在句子中作状语。 （2）lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的”，含有较浓的感情色彩，可作定语和表语。 牛刀小试： 用alone或lonely填空 1. You'd better not go_______________. 2. I’m not_______________ in the crowd，but I feel_______________. 3. Do you ever feel_______________？ 4. Leave me_______________. 5. Thinking_______________ won't help. 6. I’ve been so_______________ without you. 7. He was driving in his car along a _______________country road. 8. He is not_______________ in this idea. 9. At heart，I’m a_______________ man. 10.I went to the movie_______________. 11.You_______________ can help me. 12.I felt very _______________. 13.She went home_______________. 14.She lives a _______________village. 15.He _______________knew about this. 参考答案： （1）alone（2）alone；lonely（3）lonely（4）alone（5）alone（6）lovely （7）lovely（8）alone（9）lonely（10）alone（11）alone（12）lonely（13）alone （14）lonely（15）alone 70. everyday， every day (1)everyday意为“每天的；日常的”，是形容词，作定语，后接名词。 (2)every day意为“每天”，是一个表示频率的副词词组，在句子中作状语。 71. good， well （2） good作形容词，意为“好的；愉快的”。 （2）well作副词，意为“很好地；充分地”。well也可用作形容词，意为“良好的；健康的”。 72 other， else 两者都可表示“别的；其他的”。 (1)other在句子中作定语，它通常修饰复数可数名词，且置于被修饰的名词之前。 (2)else用来修饰something， anything， nothing， nobody， anybody等复合不定代词或who， whose， what， when， where等特殊疑问词，且置于这些词之后。 73 hard, hardly (1)hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；艰苦的；硬的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 (2)hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定概念，置于实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后，不能与not或其他否定词连用。 74. -ing形容词, -ed形容词 【辨析】 （1）以后缀-ing结尾的形容词可以用于说明事物或人物，表示事物或人物的性质或特征。如：an interesting man一个有趣的男人，an exciting movie 一部令人兴奋的电影。 （2）以后缀-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，指人对事物的感受。如：an interested audience 一位兴致勃勃的观众，feel excited 感到兴奋的。 75. another， the other， other， others， the others (1)another指三个或三个以上的同类的人或物中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数可数名词。 (2)the other可指两个中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one … the other …”结构，意为“一个……另一个……”；the other还可表示“其余全部的”，作定语修饰复数可数名词。 (3)other泛指“另外的”，作定语，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词，不能单独使用。如果前面有the， some， my等限定词，也可以与单数可数名词连用。 (4)others相当于“other＋复数可数名词”，泛指“另外的人或物”，常用于“some … others …”结构。 (5)the others相当于“the other＋复数可数名词”，特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”。 小试牛刀 another day，the other day，some day或one day补全句子 1. 她今天不来，改天来。 She is coming ____________________ instead of today. 2. 将来有一天，他会理解老师的。 He will understand the teacher ____________________ . 3. 有一天，我去看我的启蒙老师，可碰巧他出去了。 ___________________ I went to see my first teacher，but he happened to be out. 4. 你可以改天做这件事。 You may do it ____________________ . 5. 我离开后他在那又待了一天。 He stayed there for ____________________ after I left 6. 几天前我在街上碰见过她。 I met her in the street ____________________. 7. 这手表我是几天前买的。 I bought the watch ____________________ . 8. 总有一天你的愿望会实现的。 Your wishes will come true ____________________ . 9. 总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。 ____________________ you'll have to pay for what you have done. 10. 如果你努力工作，将来某一天你会成功的。 If you work hard，you'll succeed ____________________. 参考答案： （1）another day（2）one day/some day（3）One day（4）another day（5）another day （6）the other day（7）the other day（8）some day（9）Some day（10）some day 76 both， all, either， neither， none 【辨析】 这五个词作代词指代可数名词时，与两者有关：both, either, neither；与三者或三者以上有关：all, none。它们都可以与of连用，后接复数名词或代词。 (1)both表示“两者都”，both或both of短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)all表示“三者或三者以上都”，all或all of短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但either of短语作主语时，动词用单数或复数均可。 (4)neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但neither of短语作主语时，动词用单数或复数均可。 (5)none表示“三者或三者以上中没有一个”，none或none of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式皆可。 77 it, one， that 三者都可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。 (1)it意为“它”，指代前面提到过的人或物。（指同一个人或物） (2)one表示泛指，指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个，用来代替单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。（指同类中不同的人或物） (3)that意为“那；那个”，既可以指代前面提到过的人或物，也可以指代同一类别中的“另外一个”，用来代替单数可数名词或不可数名词，其复数形式为those。（可以指同一个人或物，也可以指同类中不同的人或物，此时多用于比较级句子中） 78 and, but, or, so （1）and意为“和；与；同；然后”，可以用来连接两个结构对等的成分，以表示并列关系，也可以起承上启下的作用。 (2)but意为“可是；但是；然而”，所连接的成分之间是转折关系。 (3)or意为“或，或者”，连接两个或两个以上选择的可能性。但是，在否定句中，or意为“也不”，表示并列关系。 (4)so意为“因此；所以”，所连接的句子之间通常是因果关系。 79 when，while 两者作连词时，都可以表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。 (1) when表示某一时间点或某一时间段发生的事情，when引导的从句描述的动作或事情可以与主句描述的事情同时发生，也可以是先后发生。从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。 (2)while表示主句的行为在从句行为进行的过程中发生，因此while引导的从句要用延续性动词，且该动词常用进行时态。如果主句和从句的行为是同时进行的，那么主句的谓语动词也要用进行时。 80 news, information, message (1) news意为“新闻；消息”，主要指与最近发生的事情相关的信息或通过报纸、广播和电视等报道的事件，是不可数名词。 (2) information意为“信息；资料”，侧重信息的内容和价值，指在学习、调查或交谈中获得的消息、资料和知识等，是不可数名词。 (3) message意为“消息；信息”，一般指以口头或书面的形式留给某人的“消息”，是可数名词。 81. problem， question 【辨析】 （1）problem意为“困难；难题”，指难以解决的问题，常与动词solve搭配使用。 （2）question意为“问题”，指需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer搭配使用。 注意 problem还可指数学、化学或物理等需通过算数或仔细思考而解决的问题、习题，而question却无此含义。 82.fall off, fall over, fall down, fall behind 1.fall off：意为“从……上掉落；减少；下降”，强调从某个物体表面脱离并掉落。 例句：The book fell off the table and landed on the floor.（书从桌子上掉下来，落在了地板上。） 2.fall over：主要表示“向前摔倒；绊倒”，通常指由于失去平衡或被某物绊倒而倒下，侧重描述身体向前或朝一侧倾倒的动作。 例句：He was running too fast and fell over a stone.（他跑得太快，被一块石头绊倒了。） 3.fall down：含义较广，可表示“摔倒；跌倒；坍塌”，不强调具体的方向，既可以指人失去平衡摔倒，也可指建筑物等倒塌。 例句：Be careful not to fall down the stairs.（小心别在楼梯上摔倒。） 4.fall behind：常见意思为“落后；跟不上” 例句：If you don't study hard, you will fall behind your classmates.（如果你不努力学习，就会落后于同班同学。） 83.get on, get off, get up, get down, get into 1.get on：上车（一般指上公共汽车、火车、飞机等大型交通工具）；进展；相处。 例句： - It's time to get on the bus.（该上公交车了。） 2.get off：下车（与get on相对，指从大型交通工具上下来）；脱下（衣物等）；下班等。 例句： - I will get off at the next stop.（我将在下一站下车。） 3.get up：起床；起身；站起来；（使）起立。 例句： - I usually get up at 7 o'clock in the morning.（我通常早上7点起床。） 4.get down：下来；使沮丧；写下；吞下。 例句： - The cat is on the tree and can't get down.（猫在树上，下不来了。） 5.get into：进入；陷入（某种状态）；参与；对……产生兴趣。 例句： - They got into the car and drove away.（他们上了车，开走了。） 84.take up, take down, take into, take over - take up 1. 占用（时间、空间等） - This table takes up too much space in the room.（这张桌子在房间里占用了太多空间。） 2. 开始从事（某种活动、爱好等） - She took up painting when she retired.（她退休后开始画画。） 3. 拿起；举起 - He took up the book and started reading.（他拿起书开始阅读。） 4. 接受（提议、挑战等） - I decided to take up his challenge.（我决定接受他的挑战。） - take down 1. 取下；拿下- Please take down the picture from the wall.（请把墙上的画取下来。） 2. 拆除；拆掉 - They are going to take down the old building.（他们打算拆除那座旧建筑。） 3. 写下；记录 - The secretary took down what the boss said.（秘书记下了老板说的话。） - take into 这个短语通常以“take sth. into sth.”或“take into account/consideration（考虑到）”等形式出现。 1. 把……放进 - Take the apples into the basket.（把苹果放进篮子里。） 2. take into account/consideration 把、、、考虑进去 - When making a plan, we should take into account the cost.（制定计划时，我们应该考虑成本。） - take over 1. 接管；接任- The new manager will take over the company next month.（新经理下个月将接管这家公司。） 2. 取代；代替 - E - books are gradually taking over traditional books in some aspects.（电子书在某些方面正逐渐取代传统书籍。） 85.turn up, turn down, turn over, turn to, turn around 1. turn up：出现；露面；调高（音量、热度等）。 - She didn't turn up at the party last night.（她昨晚没有在聚会上露面。） 2. turn down：调低（音量、热度等）；拒绝。 - Please turn down the TV. It's too noisy.（请把电视声音调低，太吵了。） 3. turn over：翻转；翻身；移交；仔细考虑。 - Turn over the page and you'll see the picture.（翻过这一页，你就会看到那张图片。） 4. turn to：转向；求助于；翻到（书中某页）。 - When I have problems, I always turn to my parents for help.（当我有问题时，我总是向父母求助。） 5. turn around：转身；（使）好转；改变意见。 - She heard her name and turned around.（她听到自己的名字，转过身来。） 86. afraid，feared/fears；frightened afraid 形容词 仅作表语；搭配 of/to do/that She is afraid of heights. frightened 形容词 可作表语/定语；搭配 by/of The frightened cat ran away. fear(s) 动词 直接接宾语；正式语气 He fears the unknown. feared 动词/分词 过去式/分词；被动语态表“被畏惧” The storm was feared by all. 小试牛刀 1. She is too______________ to move. 2. She _______________for her daughter’s safety. 3. Don't be_______________ of snakes. 4. A _______________boy is crying. 5. She has always______________cats. 6. It seems that she is_______________to tell them about it. 7. We_______________ no difficulty. 8. I’m______________ I can't go to the party. My brother is sick. 9. A cry came from the______________ baby. 10. He_______________ his wife. 11. I’m _______________your wife had an accident. 12. She_______________ that she might not find him in his room. 13. A cry came from the _______________child. 14. There was nothing to_______________. 15. I’m _______________I can't come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon. 参考答案： （1）frightened （2）feared（3）afraid（4）frightened（5）feared（6）afraid（7）fear （8）afraid（9）frightened（10）fears（11）afraid（12）feared（13）frightened（14）fear（15）afraid 87. ago；before ago 指从现在起往前推算一段时间，始终置于所修饰的词之后，与一般过去时连用。 before 或指从过去某一时间起向前推算的若干时间的以前，通常与过去完成时连用；或泛指以前，并不具体指若干时间以前，可使用现在完成的或过去时；还可指从将来某一时间起的若干时间以前 小试牛刀 用ago或before填空 1. She said that she had seen him three days______________. 2. I bought the computer two years ______________. 3. He has lived here since ten years ______________. 4. I have been there ______________. 5. He must have left a week ______________. 6. They left five days ______________. 7. He had not gone a mile ______________he felt tired. 8. He has been here since three years ______________. 9. I have taught English in this school since twenty years ______________. 10. I didn't manage to do it ______________you had explained how. 11. He finished the work five days ______________. 12. He often went to the park ______________. 13. We had seen the film two months ______________. 14. When we finally got there，the team had left an hour ______________. 15. I came back three days ______________. 参考答案： （1）before（2）ago（3）ago（4）before（5）ago（6）ago（7）before（8）ago （9）ago（10）before（11）ago（12）before（13）before（14）before（15）ago 88. rise；raise rise 普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。 raise 及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。 小试牛刀 用rise或raise的适当形式填空 1. The plane was then able to ___________ and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. 2. Prices have ________________steadily（稳定的）during the past decade. 3. None of them ________________any objective（反对）. 4. They ________________a monument（纪念碑）to the national hero. 5. If you want to ask a question，first ________________your hand. 6. She ________________from her seat to welcome him. 7. I will not ________________a hand against you. 8. The river is ________________after the rain. 9. He ________________his arms above his head. 10. Soon steam can be seen ________________from the wet clothes. 11. They are going to ________________funds for the school buildings. 12. An immense building ________________before their eyes. 13. He ________________and left the room. 14. The baby was ________________on soya-bean milk. 15. There will be a ________________in unemployment（失业）next year. 答案： 1. rise 2.risen 3.raised 4.raised 5.raise 6.rose 7.raise 9. rising 9.raised 10.rising 11.raise 12.rose 13.rose 14. raised 15.rise 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 高频易错易混词汇归纳 1.event, happening 【辨析】这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。 event 可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。 happening 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。 The May 4th Movement was an important event in the Chinese history. 2.ache, pain, sore 【辨析】这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。 ache 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。 pain 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。 sore 指身体某部位的痛处，有时也指精神上的痛苦。 He has an ache in his/ the chest. 他胸部疼痛。 Her back causes/ gives her a lot of pain. 她背痛得厉害。 She’s still a bit sore after the accident. 她出事后直到现在还觉得痛呢。 3. actor, player, performer 【辨析】这些名词均有“演员”之意。 actor 指在舞台剧、电影、电视剧或广播剧中以演出为职业的男演员，侧重扮演的角色。 player 侧重指职业或业余舞蹈演员,运动员，玩家。 performer 使用广泛，不仅可指舞台或影视演员，而且可指舞蹈演员、乐器演奏等的演员，侧重在观众面前的实际表演。 The film director put the new actor through his paces. 电影导演测试了一下那位新演员的演技。 Let’s give the players a big round of applause! 让我们为演员们热烈鼓掌。 The performer received only pitying looks from his audience. 从观众的表情看，那个表演者得到的只是同情和怜悯。 4.advantage, benefit, interest, favor, gain 【辨析】这些名词均有“利益、好处”之意。 advantage 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。 benefit 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或益处。 interest 作“利益”解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。 favor 指在竞争中获得的advantage，也可指狭隘的个人利益。 gain 指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏他人利益而获得的无形好处。 Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages over other students in her class. 她有法国式的教养，这使她比班上其他同学略胜一筹。 Because of illness she didn’t get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。 We work for our common interests. 我们为共同的利益而工作。 There’s no profit in running a cinema in this town. 在这个镇里经营一家电影院是无利可图的。 Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点，好吗？ We hope for some gain from our investment. 我们希望投资有利可图。 5.advice, opinion, proposal, suggestion, recommendation, view 【辨析】这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。 advice 普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。 opinion 日常用词，泛指对某事物的想法和意见。 proposal 指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。 suggestion 普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式。着重指为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。 recommendation 指在自己经历的基础上提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。 View 侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。 If you take my advice you’ll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话，就去看定。 What’s your opinion of the new President？ 你对新总统有什么看法？ the proposal of new terms for a peace treaty 缔结和平条约新条款的建议 On/ At your suggestion I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议，我买了较贵的这种型号。 The child was taken away from its parents on the recommendation of social workers. 根据社会工作者的建议， 把那孩子与其父母分开了。 What are your views on her resignation? 你对她辞职有什么想法？ 6. join，take part in，attend 三个词都表示"参加"Join 一般指加入"党派"或组织, 如参军，入党等take part in 只参加聚会活 动；attend 一般指出席会议。 When did you brother join the army. We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 用take part in，join in，join或attend的适当形式填空 1. He _________________ you in the walk this morning. 2. He'll _________________ an important meeting tomorrow. 3. Come along and _________________ the ball game. 4. I _________________ his lecture yesterday. 5. Lincoln _________________ polities and was strongly against slavery（奴隶）. 6. Why didn't you _________________ the talk last night？ 7. We often _________________ physical labor. 8. When did your brother _________________ the army？ 9. We'll _________________ social practice during the summer vacation. 10. We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you _________________us？ 11. His brother _________________ the army three years ago. 12. Will you _________________ us in a game of cards？ 13. He was ill and didn't _________________ school. 14. We should _________________ school activities. 15. Will you _________________ us for dinner？ 7. take place， happen 1). take place 表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种 原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. 2). happen作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如： What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?) I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 8. hear，listen 听者两不同hear 是瞬间行为动词，指听见某人说话或者做事发出的声音，即听的结果（指已听见 了）。 Listen 指有意识的去听，即听的过程，是延续性不及物动词，常用Listen to(doing) sth.。 比较：I listened hard, but could hear nothing.我努力听，但什么也没听见。 9. weather， climate weather指一天内具体的天气状况；climate指长期的气候状况。 例：The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road指具体的公路，马路；street指街道；path指小路，小径；way 指道路，途径 例：take this road; in the street Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course 课程(可包括多门科目)，subject 科目(具体的学科) 例：a summer course 12. custom, habit custom指传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do；habit指生活习惯，后接 of doing. 例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth； reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动，锻炼(不可数)；exercises 练习，操类运动(可数)；practice(反复做的)练习。 例：Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson，指班级或全体学生用 class. 16. speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说； talk指日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话； lecture指学术性的演讲，讲课。 17. officer, official officer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 例：an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。 work指无差别的人类劳动，不可数； job指具体某一项工作， 可数， a good job。 19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西。 例：a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country 侧重指版图，疆域； nation 指人民，国民，民族； state 侧重指政府，政体； land 国土，国家 例：The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 指厨师；cooker 指厨具。 例：He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage 不可数名词，损害，损失; damages 复数形式，赔偿金。 例：$900 damages 23. police, policeman police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词；policeman 指某个具体的警察。 例：The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困难联系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise；question 常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer 连用。 用question或problem填空 1. The_________________is difficult to be solved. 2. May I ask you some_________________？ 3. Can you work out this maths_________________？ 4. It's a_________________of money. 5. They have some_________________getting there. 6. She likes to ask all kinds of_________________. 7. The_________________is how to get the money for the project. 8. It is a _________________of finding enough workers. 9. The teacher set us some difficult_________________. 10. Please answer my_________________. 25. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉讲。 例：The chicken is delicious. 26. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的。 例：a telegram, by telegraph 27. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel 是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行；trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行；journey 指稍长的旅途；voyage 指海上航行。 用trip，journey，travel，tour或voyage填空 1. The _________________ from American to France used to take two months. 2. How did you enjoy your _________________ in Europe？ 3. I go to work by train，and the _________________ takes half an hour. 4. He made a five-month _________________ of India and the Far East. 5. He took us on a _________________ of his new house. 6. The _________________ across the sea was smooth. 7. She had been away on a long _________________ . 8. I don't believe we'll be able to afford any _________________ . 9. Will you please bring back some sugar on your next ____________ to the kitchen？ 10. _________________ were arranged for the foreign visitors to see the Great Wall. 11. My father has gone down-town on a shopping _________________ . 12. Our American friends are making a _________________ of Shanghai. 13. He made a _________________ to the Great Wall yesterday. 14. I am reading a book about the _________________ to North Pole. 15. He decided to make a _________________ to New York by air. 28. sport, game sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等 ; game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。 例：His favorite sport is swimming. 29. price, prize price 价格；prize 奖，奖品，奖金。 例：win the first prize The price is high/low. 30.festival，holiday，vacation festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动。 例：The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. 春节是中国最重要的节日。 holiday“假日”，指法定假日或风俗习惯，其复数可以表示一个较长的假期。 例：Saturday is a holiday and most people do not work. 星期六是个假日，多数人不工作。 vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。 例：What are you going to do during the winter vacation/holidays? 31. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词，clothing是服装的总称。 Cloth布料（不可数） Clothes衣服（本身为复数名词） Clothing衣物的总称（不可数） Dress正式场合的礼服 32. incident, accident incident 指小事件,； accident 指不幸的事故。 例：He was killed in the accident. 33. amount, number amount of 后接不可数名词；a number of 后接可数名词 例：amount of money；a number of students 34. family, house, home home指家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员。 例：My family is a happy one. 小试牛刀 用house，home或family填空 1. I arrived _______________very late every day. 2. New _______________are going up everywhere. 3. East or west， _______________is best. 4.They have married for two years，but have not any _______________yet. 5. He bought a _______________last year. 6. Almost every _______________in the village has a man in the army. 7. Tom is the eldest of the _______________. 8. There's no place like _______________. 9. There are many new _______________in our village. 10. Tom regards Nanjing as his second _____________because he has been here for many years. 35. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 指人的嗓音，noise指噪音 。 例：I hate the see noise outside. 用sound（s），noise或voice（s）填空 1. Don't make any _________________ ，children. 2. _________________ travels slower than light. 3. There's so much _________________ in this room that I can’t hear you talking. 4. They were shouting at the top of their _________________ . 5. He spoke in a very loud _________________ . 6. Don't make a _________________ . The baby's asleep. 7. Does this sentence _________________ right？ 8. The little girl has a very beautiful and sweet _________________. 9. I can't hear the _________________ of the bells outside. 10. The music _________________ is too loud. 11. He caught a bad cold and lost his _________________ . 12. I heard the _________________ of running water. 13. There's a lot of _________________ here. 14. Don't make much _________________ . 15. Her _________________ is very attractive. 36. photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相机拍摄的照片；picture 可指相片，图片，影片；drawing指画的画，主要是素描。 例：Let's go and see a good picture. 37. vocabulary, word vocabulary 指词汇，一个人拥有的单词量；word 指具体的单词。 例：He has a large vocabulary. 38. population, people population 指人口，人数；people 指具体的人。 例：China has a large population. 39. put on， wear， dress（in）；dress (1)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调动作，后接物。 (2)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，后接物。 (3)dress意为“给……穿衣服”，后接人。 （4）dressed in+颜色/衣服 用put on，wear，dress或in的适当形式填空 1. He was _________________ a jacket. 2. He was _________________in a blue coat. 3. The girl _________________red is my sister. 4. My brother is handicapped（残疾的）so I have to _________________her. 5. I want you to _________________this coat and this hat. 6. You'd better _________________blue or black pants with blown shoes. 7. My son is now able to _________________himself. 8. Why does he often _________________dark sunglasses？ 9. _________________your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 10. She is _________________in a fur coat. 11. He often _________________a pair of sunglasses. 12. Who is the boy _________________a blue shirt？ 13. It is so cold outside. _________________your warm coat when you go out. 14. He could _________________himself when he was five years old. 15. Look！Lucy is _________________a red shirt and a pair of pink shoes. 40. look， see， watch， notice， read (1)look意为“看；瞧”，指有目的地将目光转向某处，强调“看”的动作，后面常与at搭配使用，一般用于表示看静止的物体。 (2)see意为“看见”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看”的结果。 (3)watch意为“观看；注视”，用于表示看移动或变化的物体，如看电视、比赛等。 (4)notice意为“看到；听到；注意到”，含有从不注意到注意变化的意义。 (5)read意为“阅读；读懂”，指看文字，如书、报纸、杂志等。 小试牛刀 用look（at），watch或see适当形式填空 1. I waved to my father，but he didn't even _________________ me. 2. I _________________ but could _________________nothing. 3. He _________________her with his eyes full of love. 4. I usually spend Saturday afternoon _________________a football match. 5. Did you _________________a film last night？ 6. _________________the picture carefully. 7. _________________！The bus is coming. 8. I can _________________some birds in the tree. 9. He _________________TV only on Saturday evening. 10. What can you _________________in the picture？ 11. _________________the kite. It's flying every high. 12. I _________________the match at the moment. 13. How many birds can you _________________in the tree？ 14. We _________________carefully，but _________________nothing. 15. Did you _________________the moon last Mid-Autumn Festival？ 41. say， talk， speak，tell (1) say意为“说”，强调说话的内容，不以人作直接宾语。 (2) talk意为“谈话；交谈”，强调说话者之间的交流。常见搭配有：talk with / to sb. 与某人交谈，talk about sth. 谈论某事。 (3) speak作不及物动词时，意为“谈话；交谈”，比talk更正式，强调与某人交谈试图达到某一目的或让对方做某事，常见搭配为：speak to / with sb. (about sth.) （就某事）与某人交谈；作及物动词时，意为“讲（某种语言）”，后面接表示语言的名词。 (4) tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语，即：tell sb.sth./ tell sth.to sb. 告诉某人某事。 用say，tell，speak或talk的适当形式填空 1. No ________________in the library. 2. ________________loudly please. I can't hear you clearly. 3. Mother often ________________me not to play football on the road. 4. Our headmaster is ________________at the meeting now. 5. Our Chinese teacher often ________________us stories. 6. He ________________goodbye to us and left. 7. He never ________________lies to his mother. 8. Grandma often ________________stories when I was young. 9. I have a few words to ________________. 10. What did your mother ________________you just now？ 11. Can you ________________it clearly？ 12. Don't ________________in class. 13. We are ________________about our homework. Do you join us？ 14. --Who is ________________？ --This is Tom ________________. 15. I don't know how to ________________English. I don't know how to ________________in English. I don't know how to ________________it in English. 42. spend，cost， take， pay 四者都可以表示“花费”，但用法均有不同。 (1)spend的主语是人，通常表示花费时间或金钱，常见用法有：sb.spend(s) time / money on sth. 某人在……上花费时间 / 金钱，sb.spend(s) time / money doing sth. 某人花费时间 / 金钱做某事。 (2)cost的主语是某物或某事，通常表示花费金钱，常见用法为:sth.cost(s)sb.money某物花了某人多少钱。 (3)take的主语是it或某事，通常表示花费时间，常见用法有：It takes sb.time to do sth. =doing sth.takes sb.time做某事花了某人多少时间。 (4)pay的主语是人，通常表示花费金钱，常与for搭配使用，常见搭配有：pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买某物，pay for sth.为某物付钱，pay for sb.替某人付钱。 用spend，take，pay或cost的适当形式填空 1. I have ________________all day looking for you. 2. It ________________me ten minutes to walk home every day. 3. I ________________two hours on this maths problem. 4. Don't worry！I’ll ________________for you. 5. A new computer ________________a lot of money. 6. May I borrow 12 yuan from you？I’ll ________________it back next week. 7. It ________________them three years to build this road. 8. I have to ________________them 20 pounds for this room each month. 9. They ________________two years（in）building this bridge. 10. They ________________us every month. 11. I have ________________all day looking for you. 12. How much did it ________________to build the bridge？ 13. It ________________me an hour to write the letter. 14. It ________________1000 dollars a year to run a car. 15. The letter ________________me an hour to write. 43.take， bring， get， carry (1)take意为“拿走；带走”，指把某物或某人带到说话者和听者都不在的地方去。 (2)bring意为“拿来；带来”，指把某物或某人从别处带到说话者或听者所在的地方来。 (3)get意为“取来”，与fetch同义，表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来（双程）。 (4)carry意为“搬运；携带”，不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。 小试牛刀： 用take， bring， get， carry填空 （1） Next time don't forget to ________________ me a copy of your work. （2） I always ________________ a gun. （3） This bus is licensed（许可）to ________________ 50 passengers. （4） Please ________________ me the chair in that room. （5） Please wait a minute. He's just gone out to ________________ some water. （6） The city subway（地铁） ________________ hundreds of thousands of passengers every. （7） The teacher asked the students to ________________ their dictionaries to the class. （8） May I ________________ this magazine home？ （9） Next time，please ________________ your sister here. （10） In the UK，people always ________________ umbrellas when they are out. （11） Mr. Li said，“ ________________ me the clock，and I will mend it for you.” （12） Please ________________ the letter to the post office. （13） I never ________________ much money with me. （14） Go and ________________ some coffee for me. （15） Let me ________________ the box for you. 44. borrow， lend， keep (1)borrow表示“借入”，是非延续性动词。borrow … from … 意为“向某人 /从某处借入某物”。 (2)lend表示“借出”，是非延续性动词。lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth. 意为“借出某物给某人”。 (3)keep意为“保留；借”，是延续性动词。“keep sth.for＋时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”。 小试牛刀 用borrow， lend， keep填空 （1） She _________________some money to him. （2） He offered to _________________me some books. （3） Don't _________________money from her. （4） Sam _________________a car from his friend. （5） You can _________________my recorder for three days. （6） Thank you for _________________me your bike. （7） I _________________this book for only one week. （8） We often _________________books from our school library. （9） How long have you _________________the book？ （10） He _________________his pen to me. 45. get， arrive， reach (1)get表示“到达”时是不及物动词，要与介词to连用，即：get to+表示地点的名词。 (2)arrive是不及物动词，表示“到达某地”时要借助介词in或at，后接到达的城市、国家或地区时常用in，后接到达的具体地点或场所时常用at。 (3)reach表示“到达”时是及物动词，直接接地点，即：reach+表示地点的名词。 注 意 当arrive和get后面接表示地点的副词（如here, there, home等）时，无须加介词；如果需要单独使用，后面不接任何地点名词或副词时，只能用arrive。 小试牛刀 用reach，arrive或get的适当形式填空 1. Jane ________________to the U.S.A. a few days ago. 1. When he ________________at the station，the train had left. 1. Last night they ________________home at about 12 o'clock. 1. Please tell me when the bus ________________. 1. Jim and Kate ________________their hometown tomorrow. 1. Why did you ________________home so late？ 1. With the help of Internet，news can ________________every corner of the world. 1. Your letter ________________me last week. 1. They will ________________in Paris next Monday. 1. You can guess it when you ________________the end of the chapter. 1. They ________________in Beijing on February 17. 1. I ________________to school at about 7:30 every day. 1. Have we ________________the zoo yet？ 1. Do you know what time the plane ________________to Moscow？ 1. They ________________the station at 8 this morning. 46. leave， forget， lose （1）leave意为“忘了带；丢下”，常用于“leave sth./sb.+介词+名词”结构中，表示“将某物 / 某人落在某处”。 （2）forget意为“忘记带（需要之物）”，后面直接接名词，不再接地点。 （3）lose意为“丢失；失去”，表示找不到某物或某人。 47. look for， find， find out (1)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程，结果未知。 （2）find意为“找到”，强调找的结果。 (3)find out意为“查出；查明”，表示经过调查后弄清真相。 48. offer， provide， supply 【辨析】 (1)offer意为“给予”，强调主动提供，常见搭配有：offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.提供某人某物。 (2)provide意为“供给；提供”，强调提供生活必需品或他人想要的物品，常见搭配有：provide sb.with sth. / provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物。 (3)supply意为“供应；提供”，强调长期并且量大的供应，常见搭配有：supply sb.with sth. / supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物。 49. accept， receive 【辨析】 receive意为“接到；收到”，指客观上收到某物，与本人意愿无关。 accept意为“接受”，指主观上接受或同意，强调本人的意愿。 小试牛刀 用receive或accept的适当形式填空 1. I _________an invitation to the party yesterday，but I refused to ________________it. 2. I ________________his letter but I cannot ________________his love. 3. She offered him a lift and he ________________it. 4. She was warmly ________________. 5. I ________________a Christmas present yesterday. 6. She has ________________his present，but she will not ________________it. 7. He asked her to marry him and she ________________him. 8. He ________________an invitation from his friend. 9. She ________________my love at last. 10. I ________________an email from my pen friend last night. 11. The villagers have told him that they will not ________________ the pub even if he gives it away. 12. We haven't ________________ his letter for a long time. 13. He couldn't ________________ our suggestions but our gifts. 14. She was very glad to ________________ the invitation. 15. He did not ________________ a good education at university. 50. hope， wish 两者作动词时都可表示“希望（某事发生）”。 （1）hope表示有较大可能性实现的希望，可用于“hope+that从句”和hope to do sth.结构中。 （2）wish则表示难以实现的愿望，后面通常接一个that引导的宾语从句，且从句里的动词要用过去时，表示虚拟。 注意 wish还可以表示“想要做某事”，可用于wish to do sth.和wish sb.to do sth.结构中。而hope则没有hope sb. to do sth. 这个用法。 用wish或hope（s）填空 1. I _____________ you to go. 2. I _____________that you will help me. 3. I _____________I could fly like a bird. 4. He _____________to become a doctor. 5. I _____________he were here. 6. I _____________to spend a year in American after I leave school. 7. We _____________that he will be well again soon. 8. I _____________to see your manager，please. 9. _____________ you success. 10. I _____________ you had told me earlier. 11. I _____________ you to succeed. 12. I _____________you'll be better soon. 13. I _____________I were ten years younger. 14. We _____________you a happy New Year. 15. I _____________to visit Guilin. 51. win， beat (1)win意为“获得；赢”，后接比赛、赛跑、战争、奖品、金钱等。 (2)beat 意为“打败；胜过”，后接竞争的对手。 小试牛刀 （1） They ________________ the match this time. （2） We played very well，and we ________________ them. （3） We ________________ the strongest team in the football match this time. （4） He ________________ the first prize in the surfing competition. （5） Who ________________ at last？ （6） Class three ________________ us 5:00. （7） I am sure to ________________ the match. （8） They ________________ the battle. （9） In the end their army was ________________ . （10） We ________________ their team by 10 points. （11） They ________________ this time. （12） He ________________ three second places（三个第二名）in the seven events. （13） I’ll ________________ you to the top of that hill. （14） He has ________________ a reputation（名声）for himself. （15） Last term our school ________________ their school at football. 52 except， besides， but， except for 【辨析】 (1)except 意为“除……之外”，指在整体中除去一部分。 (2)besides意为“除……之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。 (3)but意为“除……之外”，与except同义，但其前面通常有nobody， nothing， anything, no 等词出现。 (4)except for与except基本同义，但except主要用来谈论同类的东西，而except for后面接的词与前面所提的内容不同类，常表示整体中有不足，含有惋惜意味。 53 above, over, on, below, under 【辨析】 （1）above表示“在……之上(不接触下面的物体，且为非正上方)”。 （2）over表示“在……的正上方(不接触下面的物体)”。 (3)on表示“在……上面（接触下面的物体）”。 （4）below表示“在……之下(不接触上面的物体，且为非正下方)”。 （5） under表示“在……的正下方(接触或没有接触上方的物体）”。 54 later， in，after 【辨析】 （1）after意为“在……(时间)之后”时，后接时间段或时间点；当它后面接一个时间段时，常用于过去时。 （2）当in意为“在…… (时间)之后”时，后接时间段，常用于将来时。 （3）later：一般是单独用或者在前面加个时间。例如，单独用的有See you later（待会见），I will give it back to you later（我待会儿会把它还给你）；前面加时间的例如two hours later（两小时以后）。 小试牛刀 用later， in，after填空 1. I shall go swimming _____________ four o'clock this afternoon. 2. They will return__________ _two weeks. 3. We shall come again_____________. 4. The meeting ended _____________an hour. 5. He is going to London_____ three days. 6. We started out____________ two weeks. 7. Just___________ seven the rain began to fall. 8. He went there a few days _____________. 9. Shall will come to see us_____________. 10. I shall come round____ ________a day or two. 11. He then left home，and came back______ ______a year. 12. An hour _____________，he returned home. 13. The film will be shown_____________2 or 3 days. 14. He came back________ ____two hours. 15. Let's hurry！The train will leave___________ _five minutes. 55 . among， between， in the middle of 【辨析】 (1)among一般用于三者或三者以上的人或事物，表示“在……之中”。 (2)between一般指两者之间，常与and连用，表示“在……之间”。 (3)in the middle of意为“在……中间”，可以表示在某个物体的中部，也可以表示在一个事件或一段时间的中间。 小试牛刀 用between或among填空 （1） What's the difference ________________ the two words？ （2） They hid themselves ________________ the trees. （3） The relations ________________ various countries are very important. （4） The book is the best ________________ the modern novels. （5） There does not seem much difference ________________ the three of them. （6） The teacher sat ________________ the children. （7） I am sitting ________________ my parents. （8） The bed-room is shared ________________ the six students. （9） The park lies ________________ a road and the woods. （10） We must find out the difference ________________ the three companies. （11） The little town lies ________________ the mountains. （12） Switzerland lies ________________ France，Germany Australia and Italy. （13） The young person lives and works ________________ the workers. （14） ________________ the door and the window there is a map. （15） They divided the money ________________ themselves. 56. across， through 【辨析】 (1) across意为“横穿；穿过”，主要表示从物体的表面上穿过，如过马路、过桥等。 (2) through意为“穿过；通过；贯穿”，主要表示从物体的内部穿过，如穿过村庄、森林等。 注 意 go / walk across相当于cross。 57. like， as alike 【辨析】 （1）like意为“相似；像”，表示某人或某物的“外表像……”或“某些特征像……”，而实际上不是。 （2）as意为“像，如同”时，常用于做比较；意为“作为；当作”时，用于说明某人的工作、身份、职责或某物的用途、外观等。 （3）alike 指的是“事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似”；like则是普通用词，指的是“多个或全部特性都相似，但并非同一个，也可指在某个特殊的偶然相似。” 牛刀小试 用alike或like填空 1. ____________father，____________son. 2. He and his brother are very much_______________. 3. He looked _______________a post man but he was really a driver. 4. All Americans look_______________. 5. _______________thinking produces _______________ideas. 6. I can't believe how much these two girls look _______________. 7. The man looks _______________a cartoon character. 8. The two office buildings are somewhat（稍微）_______________in appearance. 9. She treats all her students _______________. 10. She looks _______________a very young lady. 11. He is _______________his father. 12.We cannot find two people_____________ in everything. 13. Great minds think _______________. 14. They look _______________each other. 15. All good books are _______________. 58. since， for 【辨析】 (1)since后接时间点，意为“自从……”。 (2)for后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 59. in front of, in the front of 【辨析】 （1）in front of表示“在……（某空间外部）的前面”。 （2） in the front of表示“在……（某空间内部）的前面”。 60 alive， living， lively， live 【辨析】 (1)alive意为“活着的；在世的”，强调生与死的界限，可作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。 (2)living意为“活着的”，强调“尚在人间”或“健在”，可作表语或前置定语。 (3)lively意为“活泼的；充满活力的”，可作表语、宾语补足语或前置定语。 (4)live作形容词时，可意为“活的”，相当于living; 也可意为“现场的；直播的”。 小试牛刀 用alive，living或lively，live填空 1. The fish is still ______________. 2. The enemy officer was caught ______________. 3. All the_____________ residents attended Nixon's funeral. 4. The band played a ______________tune. 5. The injured man is unconscious（失去意识的）but still ______________. 6. He makes his class ______________. 7. There aren't many pandas ______________in the world today. 8. He is a ______________Lei Feng. 9. They were buried（埋葬）______________. 10. The ceremony（仪式）will be broadcast（播放）______________. 11. Who's the greatest man ______________？ 12. He told us a very ______________story. 13. The ______________ are more important to us than the dead. 14. We found the snake ______________. 15. She may be 80，but she's still ______________. 61. high / low， expensive / cheap (1)high意为“高的”，反义词为low，意为“低的”，用来形容价格、租金或收费的高低。 (2)expensive意为“昂贵的”，反义词为cheap，意为“便宜的”，用来形容物品本身。 62.a few， few， a little， little (1)a few后面接复数名词，表肯定意义，意为 “一些；几个”。 (2)few后面接复数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。 (3)a little后面接不可数名词，表肯定意义，意为“一点；一些”。另外，a little还可作副词，后面接形容词、副词原级和比较级，如：a little fat有点胖，a little faster更快一点。 (4)little后面接不可数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。 小试牛刀 用little，a little，few或a few填空 1. There is _________________milk in the bottle，is there？ 2. He has _________________friends here，so he feels lonely. 3. She has _________________books about stars，doesn't she？ 4. Although he's wealthy，he spends _________________on clothes. 5. Only _________________of our customers have accounts（账号）. 6. I have quite _________________books on art. 7. Can't you walk _________________faster？ 8. Tourists come here but _________________stay overnight. 9. There is __________ink in my bottle. Can you give me a ___________ink？ 10. My father has many books，but he has _________________English books. 11. This is a very old song，so _________________young people know it. 12. Paul has made a lot of kites，but _________________can fly in the sky. 13. There aren't many oranges here，but you can take _________if you want to. 14. --Could you show me how to do the word processing（文字处理）？ --Sorry，I know _________________about it. 15. These days quite _______________young people like listening to the music. 63 either， too， also， as well 它们都可以表示“也”。 (1）either通常用于否定句中，意为“也不”，置于句末，可用逗号隔开，也可不用。 (2)too通常用于肯定句或一般疑问句中，置于句末，可用逗号隔开，也可不用，较口语化。 (3)also通常用于肯定句中，置于行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后，较正式。 (4)as well通常用于肯定句中，置于句末，通常不用逗号隔开，较口语化。 用too，also，either或as well填空 1. I am a student， _________________ . 2. Lucy doesn't go to the party， _________________ . 3. Li Ming _________________ took part in a ceremony. 4. She has knowledge and experience _________________ . 5. Are they coming _________________ ？ 6. I， _________________ ，will help you. 7. Lucy is listening to the radio，Lily is _________________ listening. 8. He hasn't finished it， _________________ . 9. Why not ask your brother to go to the cinema， _________________ ？ 10. She played the piano，and _________________ sang songs. 11. He is _________________ saying，“I don't want any bread， _________________ .” 12. I _________________ study English and Russian. 13. Not only the children but _________________ their father is in town. 14. John _____________ believes that bears hibernate（冬眠）in winter ______________ . 15. The foreigner can speak English，he can speak French _________________ . 64. sometimes， some times， sometime，some time (1)sometimes是副词，意为“有时”，表示频率，同义词组为at times。 (2)some times意为“几次”，此时time作可数名词，表示“次数；倍数”。 (3)sometime是副词，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或将来的某个时候。 (4)some time意为“一段时间”，常与for连用，此时time作不可数名词。 用sometimes，some times，sometime或some time填空 1. --Will you stay in Beijing for ________________？--Yes，I will. 2. ________________he goes to school by bike and ________________by bus. 3. The museum was built ________________before 1258. 4. After ________________，Mr. Liu came back from abroad. 5. He has been told not to play computer games too much ________________. 6. I’ll speak to him about it ________________. 7. You can hand in your homework ________________before Friday. 8. I’ll be away for ________________. 9. I have been to the Great Wall ________________. 10. ________________I watch TV with my parents. 11. Our school is ________________larger than theirs. 12. I will stay here for ________________. 13. She stayed in bed for ________________. 14. She likes ________________the one and ________________the other. 15. We will hold a meeting ________________. 65. already， yet， still (1)already意为“已经”，多置于肯定句的中间。already在疑问句中时，常表示吃惊、意外的语气，此时already常置于句末。 (2)yet意为“已经；还”，常置于否定句或疑问句的末尾。 (3)still意为“仍然；还”，可用于各种句式中，且一般只置于句中。 牛刀小试 用already、yet或still填空 1. I haven't known _______________. 2. I have_______________ finished my homework. 3. My son is_______________ sleeping. 4. I haven't finished it_______________. 5. He had_______________ gone when I arrived. 6. Have you eaten your dinner_______________？ 7. Do you_______________ work in that company？ 8. She has_______________ washed those clothes 9. She___________ likes him. 10. Have you finished your homework_______________？ 11. Does he _______________work in the factory？ 12. Has the bell rung _______________？ 13. The train has _______________left. 14. Do you _______________teach in that school？ 15. Have you finished the work _______________？You are very speedy（迅速的）. 66.sleepy， asleep (1)sleepy意为“困乏的；昏昏欲睡的”,在句中可作定语或表语。 (2)asleep意为“睡着的”，在句中只能作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语，强调“睡着了”的状态。反义词是awake,意为“醒着的”。常见搭配为：fall asleep入睡。 用sleep，sleeping，asleep或sleepy填空 1. He had a good _________________ last night. 2. This _________________ bag is very comfortable. 3. I feel very _________________ now. 4. He was too tied and fell _________________ at once. 5. He goes to bed very late every day，so he often feels _________________ . 6. I met an old friend of mine in the _________________ car. 7. He was fast _________________ . I couldn't wake him up. 8. Jim felt __________ this morning in class because he didn't fall __________ last night. 9. Don't make any noise. Tom has already fallen _________________ . 10. I don't know when I went to _________________ last night. 67.each，every 【辨析】 （1）each既可以作形容词，也可以作代词，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，强调个体。作代词时，可与“of+复数名词”连用构成名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式；作形容词时，修饰单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)every只可以作形容词，指整体中的“每一个”，强调整体情况，修饰单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 68. whole， all (1)whole意为“全部的；整体的”，常用来修饰单数可数名词，常置于冠词 (a， an， the)、单数指示代词、物主代词或所有格之后。 (2)all意为“所有的；全部的”，常用来修饰不可数名词或复数可数名词，常置于定冠词(the)、指示代词、物主代词或所有格之前。 注意 time, day, month, year等表示时间的词均可以用whole或all来修饰，如：the whole time / all the time（在某段时间内）一直, the whole day / all day一整天。 69. alone， lonely （1）alone作形容词时，意为“单独的”，强调客观上独自一人，只能作表语。此外，alone还可作副词，意为“单独；独自”，在句子中作状语。 （2）lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的”，含有较浓的感情色彩，可作定语和表语。 牛刀小试： 用alone或lonely填空 1. You'd better not go_______________. 2. I’m not_______________ in the crowd，but I feel_______________. 3. Do you ever feel_______________？ 4. Leave me_______________. 5. Thinking_______________ won't help. 6. I’ve been so_______________ without you. 7. He was driving in his car along a _______________country road. 8. He is not_______________ in this idea. 9. At heart，I’m a_______________ man. 10.I went to the movie_______________. 11.You_______________ can help me. 12.I felt very _______________. 13.She went home_______________. 14.She lives a _______________village. 15.He _______________knew about this. 70. everyday， every day (1)everyday意为“每天的；日常的”，是形容词，作定语，后接名词。 (2)every day意为“每天”，是一个表示频率的副词词组，在句子中作状语。 71. good， well （2） good作形容词，意为“好的；愉快的”。 （2）well作副词，意为“很好地；充分地”。well也可用作形容词，意为“良好的；健康的”。 72 other， else 两者都可表示“别的；其他的”。 (1)other在句子中作定语，它通常修饰复数可数名词，且置于被修饰的名词之前。 (2)else用来修饰something， anything， nothing， nobody， anybody等复合不定代词或who， whose， what， when， where等特殊疑问词，且置于这些词之后。 73 hard, hardly (1)hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；艰苦的；硬的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 (2)hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定概念，置于实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后，不能与not或其他否定词连用。 74. -ing形容词, -ed形容词 【辨析】 （1）以后缀-ing结尾的形容词可以用于说明事物或人物，表示事物或人物的性质或特征。如：an interesting man一个有趣的男人，an exciting movie 一部令人兴奋的电影。 （2）以后缀-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，指人对事物的感受。如：an interested audience 一位兴致勃勃的观众，feel excited 感到兴奋的。 75. another， the other， other， others， the others (1)another指三个或三个以上的同类的人或物中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数可数名词。 (2)the other可指两个中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one … the other …”结构，意为“一个……另一个……”；the other还可表示“其余全部的”，作定语修饰复数可数名词。 (3)other泛指“另外的”，作定语，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词，不能单独使用。如果前面有the， some， my等限定词，也可以与单数可数名词连用。 (4)others相当于“other＋复数可数名词”，泛指“另外的人或物”，常用于“some … others …”结构。 (5)the others相当于“the other＋复数可数名词”，特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”。 小试牛刀 another day，the other day，some day或one day补全句子 1. 她今天不来，改天来。 She is coming ____________________ instead of today. 2. 将来有一天，他会理解老师的。 He will understand the teacher ____________________ . 3. 有一天，我去看我的启蒙老师，可碰巧他出去了。 ___________________ I went to see my first teacher，but he happened to be out. 4. 你可以改天做这件事。 You may do it ____________________ . 5. 我离开后他在那又待了一天。 He stayed there for ____________________ after I left 6. 几天前我在街上碰见过她。 I met her in the street ____________________. 7. 这手表我是几天前买的。 I bought the watch ____________________ . 8. 总有一天你的愿望会实现的。 Your wishes will come true ____________________ . 9. 总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。 ____________________ you'll have to pay for what you have done. 10. 如果你努力工作，将来某一天你会成功的。 If you work hard，you'll succeed ____________________. 76 both， all, either， neither， none 【辨析】 这五个词作代词指代可数名词时，与两者有关：both, either, neither；与三者或三者以上有关：all, none。它们都可以与of连用，后接复数名词或代词。 (1)both表示“两者都”，both或both of短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)all表示“三者或三者以上都”，all或all of短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但either of短语作主语时，动词用单数或复数均可。 (4)neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但neither of短语作主语时，动词用单数或复数均可。 (5)none表示“三者或三者以上中没有一个”，none或none of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式皆可。 77 it, one， that 三者都可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。 (1)it意为“它”，指代前面提到过的人或物。（指同一个人或物） (2)one表示泛指，指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个，用来代替单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。（指同类中不同的人或物） (3)that意为“那；那个”，既可以指代前面提到过的人或物，也可以指代同一类别中的“另外一个”，用来代替单数可数名词或不可数名词，其复数形式为those。（可以指同一个人或物，也可以指同类中不同的人或物，此时多用于比较级句子中） 78 and, but, or, so （1）and意为“和；与；同；然后”，可以用来连接两个结构对等的成分，以表示并列关系，也可以起承上启下的作用。 (2)but意为“可是；但是；然而”，所连接的成分之间是转折关系。 (3)or意为“或，或者”，连接两个或两个以上选择的可能性。但是，在否定句中，or意为“也不”，表示并列关系。 (4)so意为“因此；所以”，所连接的句子之间通常是因果关系。 79 when，while 两者作连词时，都可以表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。 (1) when表示某一时间点或某一时间段发生的事情，when引导的从句描述的动作或事情可以与主句描述的事情同时发生，也可以是先后发生。从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。 (2)while表示主句的行为在从句行为进行的过程中发生，因此while引导的从句要用延续性动词，且该动词常用进行时态。如果主句和从句的行为是同时进行的，那么主句的谓语动词也要用进行时。 80 news, information, message (1) news意为“新闻；消息”，主要指与最近发生的事情相关的信息或通过报纸、广播和电视等报道的事件，是不可数名词。 (2) information意为“信息；资料”，侧重信息的内容和价值，指在学习、调查或交谈中获得的消息、资料和知识等，是不可数名词。 (3) message意为“消息；信息”，一般指以口头或书面的形式留给某人的“消息”，是可数名词。 81. problem， question 【辨析】 （1）problem意为“困难；难题”，指难以解决的问题，常与动词solve搭配使用。 （2）question意为“问题”，指需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer搭配使用。 注意 problem还可指数学、化学或物理等需通过算数或仔细思考而解决的问题、习题，而question却无此含义。 82.fall off, fall over, fall down, fall behind 1.fall off：意为“从……上掉落；减少；下降”，强调从某个物体表面脱离并掉落。 例句：The book fell off the table and landed on the floor.（书从桌子上掉下来，落在了地板上。） 2.fall over：主要表示“向前摔倒；绊倒”，通常指由于失去平衡或被某物绊倒而倒下，侧重描述身体向前或朝一侧倾倒的动作。 例句：He was running too fast and fell over a stone.（他跑得太快，被一块石头绊倒了。） 3.fall down：含义较广，可表示“摔倒；跌倒；坍塌”，不强调具体的方向，既可以指人失去平衡摔倒，也可指建筑物等倒塌。 例句：Be careful not to fall down the stairs.（小心别在楼梯上摔倒。） 4.fall behind：常见意思为“落后；跟不上” 例句：If you don't study hard, you will fall behind your classmates.（如果你不努力学习，就会落后于同班同学。） 83.get on, get off, get up, get down, get into 1.get on：上车（一般指上公共汽车、火车、飞机等大型交通工具）；进展；相处。 例句： - It's time to get on the bus.（该上公交车了。） 2.get off：下车（与get on相对，指从大型交通工具上下来）；脱下（衣物等）；下班等。 例句： - I will get off at the next stop.（我将在下一站下车。） 3.get up：起床；起身；站起来；（使）起立。 例句： - I usually get up at 7 o'clock in the morning.（我通常早上7点起床。） 4.get down：下来；使沮丧；写下；吞下。 例句： - The cat is on the tree and can't get down.（猫在树上，下不来了。） 5.get into：进入；陷入（某种状态）；参与；对……产生兴趣。 例句： - They got into the car and drove away.（他们上了车，开走了。） 84.take up, take down, take into, take over - take up 1. 占用（时间、空间等） - This table takes up too much space in the room.（这张桌子在房间里占用了太多空间。） 2. 开始从事（某种活动、爱好等） - She took up painting when she retired.（她退休后开始画画。） 3. 拿起；举起 - He took up the book and started reading.（他拿起书开始阅读。） 4. 接受（提议、挑战等） - I decided to take up his challenge.（我决定接受他的挑战。） - take down 1. 取下；拿下- Please take down the picture from the wall.（请把墙上的画取下来。） 2. 拆除；拆掉 - They are going to take down the old building.（他们打算拆除那座旧建筑。） 3. 写下；记录 - The secretary took down what the boss said.（秘书记下了老板说的话。） - take into 这个短语通常以“take sth. into sth.”或“take into account/consideration（考虑到）”等形式出现。 1. 把……放进 - Take the apples into the basket.（把苹果放进篮子里。） 2. take into account/consideration 把、、、考虑进去 - When making a plan, we should take into account the cost.（制定计划时，我们应该考虑成本。） - take over 1. 接管；接任- The new manager will take over the company next month.（新经理下个月将接管这家公司。） 2. 取代；代替 - E - books are gradually taking over traditional books in some aspects.（电子书在某些方面正逐渐取代传统书籍。） 85.turn up, turn down, turn over, turn to, turn around 1. turn up：出现；露面；调高（音量、热度等）。 - She didn't turn up at the party last night.（她昨晚没有在聚会上露面。） 2. turn down：调低（音量、热度等）；拒绝。 - Please turn down the TV. It's too noisy.（请把电视声音调低，太吵了。） 3. turn over：翻转；翻身；移交；仔细考虑。 - Turn over the page and you'll see the picture.（翻过这一页，你就会看到那张图片。） 4. turn to：转向；求助于；翻到（书中某页）。 - When I have problems, I always turn to my parents for help.（当我有问题时，我总是向父母求助。） 5. turn around：转身；（使）好转；改变意见。 - She heard her name and turned around.（她听到自己的名字，转过身来。） 86. afraid，feared/fears；frightened afraid 形容词 仅作表语；搭配 of/to do/that She is afraid of heights. frightened 形容词 可作表语/定语；搭配 by/of The frightened cat ran away. fear(s) 动词 直接接宾语；正式语气 He fears the unknown. feared 动词/分词 过去式/分词；被动语态表“被畏惧” The storm was feared by all. 小试牛刀 1. She is too______________ to move. 2. She _______________for her daughter’s safety. 3. Don't be_______________ of snakes. 4. A _______________boy is crying. 5. She has always______________cats. 6. It seems that she is_______________to tell them about it. 7. We_______________ no difficulty. 8. I’m______________ I can't go to the party. My brother is sick. 9. A cry came from the______________ baby. 10. He_______________ his wife. 11. I’m _______________your wife had an accident. 12. She_______________ that she might not find him in his room. 13. A cry came from the _______________child. 14. There was nothing to_______________. 15. I’m _______________I can't come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon. 87. ago；before ago 指从现在起往前推算一段时间，始终置于所修饰的词之后，与一般过去时连用。 before 或指从过去某一时间起向前推算的若干时间的以前，通常与过去完成时连用；或泛指以前，并不具体指若干时间以前，可使用现在完成的或过去时；还可指从将来某一时间起的若干时间以前 小试牛刀 用ago或before填空 1. She said that she had seen him three days______________. 2. I bought the computer two years ______________. 3. He has lived here since ten years ______________. 4. I have been there ______________. 5. He must have left a week ______________. 6. They left five days ______________. 7. He had not gone a mile ______________he felt tired. 8. He has been here since three years ______________. 9. I have taught English in this school since twenty years ______________. 10. I didn't manage to do it ______________you had explained how. 11. He finished the work five days ______________. 12. He often went to the park ______________. 13. We had seen the film two months ______________. 14. When we finally got there，the team had left an hour ______________. 15. I came back three days ______________. 88. rise；raise rise 普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。 raise 及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。 小试牛刀 用rise或raise的适当形式填空 1. The plane was then able to ___________ and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. 2. Prices have ________________steadily（稳定的）during the past decade. 3. None of them ________________any objective（反对）. 4. They ________________a monument（纪念碑）to the national hero. 5. If you want to ask a question，first ________________your hand. 6. She ________________from her seat to welcome him. 7. I will not ________________a hand against you. 8. The river is ________________after the rain. 9. He ________________his arms above his head. 10. Soon steam can be seen ________________from the wet clothes. 11. They are going to ________________funds for the school buildings. 12. An immense building ________________before their eyes. 13. He ________________and left the room. 14. The baby was ________________on soya-bean milk. 15. There will be a ________________in unemployment（失业）next year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$