专题11. 定语从句-2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备及母题对点精练

2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备母题对点精练 专题11. 定语从句 核心考点思维导图 核心考点讲练 核心考点1. 定语从句的概念及分类 定语从句是指起到定语作用的从句，修饰名词、代词或整个句子，放在所修饰的名词、代词或整个句子的后面；被修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句需用关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引导。 The young man( who teaches us English) is from the UK. 先行词 关系词 定从 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 限定性定语从句与所修饰的先行词关系密切；定语从句前不用"，"隔开；当关系代词在从句中作宾语可省略：The police have arrested the man who murdered two officials. 非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用；定语从句前用"，"隔开；即可修饰先行词也可修饰整个主句指代前面整句话，关系代词不能用that并且在任何时候不可可省略: The police have arrested the man, who murdered two officials 核心考点2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句： 先行词 关系 代词 充当 成分 例句 人 who/that 主语 A great man is the man who/that makes every man feel great. He who/that plays with fire gets burnt. who/that/whom可省略 宾语 She is the woman (who/that/whom) I met in Paris. The person (who/that/whom) I respect most is my mother. 物 that/ which 主语 Laughter is the sun that/which drives winter from the human face. The bus that/which has just left is the last one. 宾语 People don’t appreciate the things (that/which) they don’t understand. The team (that/which) Lang Ping had built was falling apart. 人/物 whose 定语 Workers built shelters for survivors whose home had been destroyed. I have a room whose windows face south. 2. 关系代词使用的特殊情况： 情况 用法说明 例句 关系代词只用that的情况 1．先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 2．先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few, the only, the very等修饰时 3．先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 4．先行词既有人又有物时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 关系代词不用that的情况 1．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不用that，且不能省略。 2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3．先行词为those, one等表人时一般用who。 He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 3. as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...等结构中，既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语；as 也可以用在As we all know,...，As is reported,...等句式中，指代后面的整个引出的句子内容。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 As is reported, the new policy will come into effect next month.正如所报道的那样，新政策将于下个月生效。 The company, as is reported, is facing serious financial problems.正如所报道的那样，这家公司正面临严重的财务问题。 The accident caused several casualties, as is reported.正如所报道的那样，这次事故造成了几人伤亡。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2024年全国Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route__________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2. (2023年全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow” 3. (2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place__________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 4. (2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5. （2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 6. （2021全国II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 7. （2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 8. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·61) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 9. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·64) They were well trained by their masters ___________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 10. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·66) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _____________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 11. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers... 12. (2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountaintops and dark waters of the Li River ___________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 13. (2014全国I卷）Maybe you have a habit ___________is driving your family crazy. 14. Happiness and success often come to those___________are good at recognizing their own strengths. 15. I’m curious about the person with___________ Mr. Smith is talking. 16. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with___________ one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 答案速对 1. Which/that 2. as 3. which/that 4. that(先行词前指物有all修饰关系代词只用that不用which) 5. who/that 6. which/that 7. which/that 8. whose 9. who/that 10. which/that 11. which/that 12. which/that 13. which/that 14. who(先行词为those指人关系代词一般用who) 15. whom(介词+which/whom结构，先行词指人用whom) 16. which(介词+which/whom结构，先行词指物用which) 核心考点3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系 副词 例句 时间 when The first of October,1949 is the day when(=on which) the people’s Republic of China was founded. I will never forget the time when(=during which)I visited Xi An. 地点 where The hotel where(=in which) we stayed was clean. My grandparents have a farm where(=on which) they raise many cows. 原因 why That’s the reason why(=for which) sometimes I feel down. The reasons why(=for which) I am qualified for the position are as follows 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·63) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2. Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape________ you can find the “Towers of the Savanna”—reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. 3．Children should be encouraged to get involved in community activities________ they can gain experience for growth. 4. Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021________ she became the country’s first woman to conduct a spacewalk. 5. Every spring________ foggy days moisten the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come. 6. We have reached a stage________we have to solve the problem by using scientific methods. 7. Do you remember a certain occasion________ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 8. The birth of a New Year is always a special occasion ________ eople gather to celebrate a new beginning brimming with hope and renewal. 9. There are some cases ________ any students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges. 10. It is a challenging job ________ you need to closely cooperate with the other team members. 答案速对 1. where 2. where 3. where 4. when 5. when 6. where(stage表阶段需看成抽象地点关系副词用where) 7. when(根据句意occasion 指时刻表时间) 8.where(根据句意occasion指场合表地点) 9. where 10. where 核心考点4. 非限定性定语从句的用法 非限定定语从句和主句之间要用逗号分开，对先行词作附加的说明，相当于一个插入语。The cowboy, who loves the beautiful girl, is Michael. Lily is the girl, whose heart is so silly. 2. 非限定定语从句关系词不能用that,且不可省略：Michael is a cowboy, who loves the beautiful girl. You’ll take all the rain, which has watered my heart. 3. 可用which指代前面主句整句话：I got up this morning, which made my headteacher annoyed. 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2025年浙江1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 2. (2024年全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 3. (2024年全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4. (2023年全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings 5. (2022年全国甲卷·62)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 6. 19年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les. 7. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food…Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health. 8. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·64) But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as be9ty. 9. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·65) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV repor0er… 10. (2016年全国Ⅲ卷)...the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _______lived from roughly 551 to 479, B. C. ,influenced. . . 答案速对 1. which 2. which 3. who 4. where 5. who 6. which 7. which (指代前面整句话) 8. who 9. when 10. who 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$