专题四 第二讲 考点一 提示词为动词 涉及时态、语态、主谓一致及动词的词性转换-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案课件PPT（经典版）

WELCOME UNIT 第二篇　攻克填空——没有技巧的填空是失败的填空 专题四 语法填空 第二讲　语法填空——考点与妙招 WELCOME UNIT 考点一　提示词为动词　涉及时态、语态、主谓 一致及动词的词性转换 支招1　先判定是否使用谓语动词 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但设空处所需词与之是并列关系时，设空处就用谓语动词。 支招2　若填谓语动词，则考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 ①看“时间”定时态(注意句中或语境中暗含的时间状语)。 ②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)。 ③看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，涉及：谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式)和词性转换。 [真题指路1] 　(2023·全国乙卷) The 69(remarkable) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, __70__ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：第一步确定是否填谓语动词，该句为复合句，句中which 引导非限制性定语从句，该从句中的谓语动词为is designed，所给动词 mean后接宾语从句，故该空应该为主句的谓语动词；第二步考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；mean“意味着”与主语中心词development 之间是主动关系，应用主动语态；主语中心词development为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。故填means。 答案 解析 答案：means [真题指路2] 　(2024·浙江高考1月) However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __61__ (offer) in smaller packs. 解析：主语they指代前文中的sausages，与动词offer之间为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填be offered。 答案 解析 答案：be offered [真题指路3] 　(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to __63__ (be) Alaska Airlines. 解析：根据“wrote”可知，应用一般过去时；“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故填was。 答案 解析 答案：was [真题指路4] 　(2022·浙江高考6月) When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci's “Mona Lisa”， he __63__ (notice) her smile right away. 解析：根据“he felt”可知，本句应用一般过去时。故填 noticed。 答案 解析 答案： noticed [真题指路5] 　(2021·浙江高考6月) When the house was built, it was much59(smaller) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, “The little home __60__ (paint) white.” 解析：句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。主语The little home和谓语动词paint之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上文“was built”可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数。故填was painted。 答案 解析 答案： was painted [真题指路6] 　(2022·北京高考) Eventually, the man __13__ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 解析：句意：最后，那人追上了她，他只是想归还她的钱包。根据下文was only trying可知，设空处应用一般过去时。故填caught。 答案 解析 答案： caught 支招3　认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 ①看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 ②看到previously, yesterday, last year, in 2024, the other day, two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 ③看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 ④看到at this moment, at present , now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 ⑤看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋一段时间，ever since ... 等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 ⑥看到by then, by the end of ... 等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 [真题指路1] 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six－meter－tall pavilion, 60(inspired) by The Peony Pavilion, __61__ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 解析：此处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语a six－meter－tall pavilion和动词build之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was built。 答案 解析 答案： was built [真题指路2] 　(2024·浙江高考1月) If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets __62__ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63(designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 解析：根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语some supermarkets为复数，助动词应用have。故填have started。 答案 解析 答案： have started [真题指路3] 　(2023·北京高考) Up to now, China __16__ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 解析：根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语是China，助动词应用has。故填has established。 答案 解析 答案： has established [真题指路4] 　(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao __67__ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 68(highest) mountain. 解析：句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六个大洲的34个国家，2016年，他登上了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语 Cao 为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填 has walked。 答案 解析 答案： has walked [真题指路5] 　(2020·浙江高考) By about 6，000 BC, people __61__ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 解析：根据时间状语“By about 6，000 BC”可知，句子应用过去完成时。故填had discovered。 答案 解析 答案： had discovered [真题指路6] 　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) You can't help wondering how hard it __61__ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 解析：时间状语then常与一般过去时连用，意为“那时”，形式主语it为第三人称单数。故填was。 答案 解析 答案： was [真题指路7] 　(2021·浙江高考6月) It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, __56__ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 解析：根据时间状语从句“since it opened to the public”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语“Lincoln's home”表示单数概念，助动词应用has。故填 has proved/proven。 答案 解析 答案：has proved/proven [真题指路8] 　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) Often, only a small part of a museum's collection __41__ (be) on display. 解析：根据时间状语 Often 可知，句子应用一般现在时。主语是“a small part of a museum's collection”，谓语动词应用单数。故填is。 答案 解析 答案： is 支招4　瞻前顾后找并列 ①可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... 等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 ②同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 [真题指路1] 　(2023·北京高考) Soon after moving to Switzerland, I __11__ (throw) a house­warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12(exactly) on time. 解析：句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处应与and连接的谓语动词was的时态保持一致，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 答案 解析 答案： threw [真题指路2] 　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly __63__ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 解析：句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，开始伸出胳膊跑了起来。and连接并列谓语，根据 started可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填threw。 答案 解析 答案： threw [真题指路3] 　(2021·浙江高考6月) After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and __65__ (sell) most of their furniture. 解析： and连接并列谓语，设空处与动词rented为并列谓语，且时态应保持一致。故填sold。 答案 解析 答案： sold 支招5　通过“常用句式” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。例如： ①sb was/were doing sth when sb did ... ②sb had (just) done sth when sb did ... ③This/That/It is the first/second ... time that sb has done ... ④This/That/It was the first/second ... time that sb had done ... ⑤祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 ⑥It's (high) time that ... did/should do sth (should不能省略) [真题指路] 　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry __62__ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 解析：句意：亨利正在修车，这时他听到了尖叫声。此处是句型sb was/were doing sth when ... “某人正在做某事，这时……”。主语是Henry。故填was fixing。 答案 解析 答案： was fixing 支招6　通过“语境暗示” 在没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照都不明显的情况下，通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一个行之有效的方法。 [真题指路1] 　(2023·浙江高考1月) The large siheyuan of these high­ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often __60__ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)． 解析：该句为简单句，且所给词为该句的谓语动词；该句没有标志性的时间状语，通过正确理解语境可知，该处表示过去的事，设空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 答案 解析 答案： featured [真题指路2] 　(2022·北京高考) Gas naturally __16__ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 解析：讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语Gas在此处意为“煤气，天然气”，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数。故填has。 答案 解析 答案： has [真题指路3] 　(2022·全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society __63__ (address) the opening ceremony. 解析：句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。 答案 解析 答案： addressed 支招7　明确逻辑关系定语态 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，需要掌握以下几点： ①发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 ②被动语态的基本形式为：be＋动词的过去分词。 ③做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 [真题指路1] 　(2024·全国甲卷) What should __65__ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 解析：句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语What指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，且情态动词should后应用动词原形。故填be done。 答案 解析 答案： be done [真题指路2] 　(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still __70__ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 解析：该句为复合句，句中含有一个宾语从句和一个定语从句，所给词为宾语从句的谓语动词；从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 答案 解析 答案： be employed [真题指路3] 　(2022·浙江高考1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—__57__ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 解析：句意：经常乘飞机去参加会议、讲座、研讨会等，被认为是科学家们聚集在一起交流信息的重要方式。句子主语“Travelling to conferences ... the like”与动词view之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；描述人们的普遍认知应用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，故也可以用现在完成时。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。 答案 解析 答案： is viewed/has been viewed [真题指路4] 　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) After a three－year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __60__ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61(and) leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”． 解析：因为GPNP这个项目的计划已经完成，明年正式建立，此处指它的目的，为客观事实，应用一般现在时。be designed to do sth表示“为某目的或用途而制造或计划某事”。主语为单数概念，be动词用is。故填is designed。 答案 解析 答案： is designed [真题指路5] 　(2022·浙江高考6月) To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting __56__ (appreciate) by someone who's blind? 解析：主语a painting与谓语动词appreciate之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词can后应用动词原形。故填be appreciated。 答案 解析 答案： be appreciated 支招8　看是否语法一致 ①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。 ②名词由分数、百分数或者some, a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 [真题指路1] 　(2023·浙江高考1月) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58(surrounded) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes __59__ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 解析：根据设空前的“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；表示较高阶层的人被允许居住在离圆中心更近的地方，应用被动语态；主语Citizens是复数，be动词用were。故填were permitted。 答案 解析 答案： were permitted [真题指路2] 　(2022·浙江高考1月) But Cobb and others __58__ (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59(changing) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 解析：句意：但是现在Cobb (科布)和其他人正在质疑那个想法：推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及改变他们的个人行为，为应对气候变化危机尽一份力。根据now可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语Cobb and others表示复数意义。故填 are。 答案 解析 答案：are 支招9　看是否就近一致 ①发现提示词作谓语，看到主语由or, either ... or ... , neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接时，要考虑就近原则以确定谓语动词的单复数。 ②发现提示词作谓语，看到there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 [典题导航] 　(2024·天津市和平区高三三模) Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ________ (give) wonderful performances at the concert recently. 解析：not only ... but also ... 连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语动词通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，谓语动词用单数；根据后文recently可知，应用现在完成时。故填has given。 答案 解析 答案：has given 支招10　看是否意义一致 ①介词of后面的部分不作主语，其前面的名词用作主语。 ②由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ③单个非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 [真题指路] 　(2022·北京高考) The use of those plastics __20__ (increase) by 300% since 2019. 解析：句意：自2019年以来，那些塑料制品的使用已经增加了300%。根据时间状语since 2019可知，句子用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 答案 解析 答案：has increased 支招11　动词→名词、形容词或副词 提示词为动词，但是在句中起到名词的功能，如作主语或宾语，则需要把该动词转换成名词；如果起修饰、限定作用，如作表语或定语，则需要把动词转换成形容词；如果在句中作状语，则需要把动词转换成副词。 [真题指路1] 　(2024·全国甲卷) They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the __68__ (complete) of their journey. 解析：句意：他们都同意了，并承诺要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应用名词作宾语，complete的名词形式为completion，不可数。故填completion。 答案 解析 答案：completion [真题指路2] 　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the __56__ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57(confident) speaking English. 解析：句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新来的大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更轻松且自信地说英语。设空前是冠词，设空后是介词，设空处应用名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词是arrival，不可数。故填arrival。 答案 解析 答案：arrival [真题指路3] 　(2023·全国甲卷) However, Carson's theme is a more weighty __69__ (warn) about environmental destruction. 解析：形容词weighty后接名词；根据句中不定冠词a可知，应用可数名词单数。故填warning。 答案 解析 答案：warning [真题指路4] 　(2024·浙江高考1月) Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __60__ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 解析：根据设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，且criticism “批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。 答案 解析 答案：criticism [真题指路5] 　(2022·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __65__ (protect)． 解析：根据设空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词作宾语，protection意为“保护”时，为不可数名词。故填protection。 答案 解析 答案： protection [真题指路6] 　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) They both fell __58__ (sleep) while watching TV. 解析：句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。设空处应用形容词作表语。fall asleep“入睡；睡着”。故填asleep。 答案 解析 答案： asleep [真题指路7] 　(2022·浙江高考6月) Blind people recognize shapes with their __60__ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61(sighted) people, says Ella Striem­Amit, a Harvard scientist. 解析：此处指盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，应用形容词existing作定语，修饰名词senses。故填existing。 答案 解析 答案： existing [真题指路8] 　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) But that’s how nature is—always leaving us __60__ (astonish)． 解析：此处为“leave sb/sth＋adj.”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”，应用形容词astonished作宾语补足语，说明人的感受，意为“吃惊的”。故填astonished。 答案 解析 答案： astonished [真题指路9] 　(2021·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __61__ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __62__ (develop) of the local areas. 解析：系动词become后应用形容词作表语，educated “受过教育的，有教养的”。故填educated。 答案 解析 61．答案： educated 解析：冠词the后应用名词。故填development。 62．答案： development [真题指路10] 　(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷) I told him how __61__ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco­friendly options. I was so __62__ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 解析：设空处为how引导的感叹句，其结构为“how＋adj.＋主语＋谓语”。故填harmful。 答案 解析 61.答案：harmful 62.答案：excited 解析：设空处作表语，修饰人，应用－ed形式的形容词。故填excited。 R $$