专题二 第二讲 超级秒题技巧三 逻辑关系-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案课件PPT（经典版）

WELCOME UNIT 第一编　突破阅读——赢半壁江山 专题二　七选五 第二讲　七选五——秒题技巧 超级秒题技巧三　逻辑关系 1．总分关系 [真题指路]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”． 38(Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.) ... A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39(With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.) ... A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 答案：E 解析：前文提到密码设置有三种方法。设空处所在段落后两段分别提到了密码设置的第二种和第三种方法，设空处应讲述密码设置的第一种方法。设空处后文举的例子是来证明人们往往会利用一些单词的首字母来作为密码，由此可知，E项(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息。)为密码设置的第一个方法，与前文构成总分关系。故选E。 答案 解析 2．转折关系 [真题指路1]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) In addition, I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. __39__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“However”可知，设空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系，A项(我不经常用这本词典。)与下文“然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。”构成转折关系。故选A。 答案 解析 [真题指路2]　(2023·北京高考) __39__ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high­quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation­building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 答案：E 解析：根据设空后的“Nevertheless”可知，设空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。下文指出了高质量教学的难处。E项(为提高教学质量已经做出了努力。)符合题意。故选E。 答案 解析 [真题指路3]　(2022·全国乙卷) •Don't rely on technology alone __40__， but long­distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face­to­face time together whenever possible. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案：F 解析：设空处下文提到，但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。F项(朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感)与下文构成转折关系。故选F。 答案 解析 3．并列关系 [真题指路]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). __38__. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. A．Know why you garden B．Find a good place for your own garden C．It's our experience of the garden that matters D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 答案：E 解析：前文说明有些人认为简单而进行园艺，其他人对使用更少水和肥料的园艺方法感兴趣，E项(还有一些人可能只是喜欢待在户外接触植物)中的“Still”为关键词，与前文并列，介绍人们选择园艺的原因。故选E。 答案 解析 4．因果关系 [真题指路1]　(2023·浙江高考1月) Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. __39__ Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 答案：E 解析：上文提到，很多火车一天只开一趟或者一周开三趟，错过可能是个大灾难。E项(你可能要等24小时以上赶下一趟火车。)承接上文，说明结果。故选E。 答案 解析 [真题指路2]　(2017·北京高考) One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. __72__ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 答案：E 解析：上文提到，一种观点认为，睡眠有助于我们加强新的记忆，E项(这就是为什么如果学生在学习后有机会睡觉，他们在考试中会做得更好。)承接上文，说明结果。故选E。 答案 解析 5．递进关系 [真题指路1]　(2023·全国甲卷) •Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. __37__. “Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience 答案：E 解析：根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits ... more optimistic.”可知，感恩有很多好处，它让我们更快乐、压力更小、甚至更乐观。E项(它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心)进一步说明上文观点。故选E。 答案 解析 [真题指路2]　(2017·北京高考) Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. __71__ A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 答案：C 解析：上文说明如果不让实验鼠睡觉，它们会在一个月内死亡；C项(同样，当人们几天不睡觉时，他们就会生病。)进一步说明每一种动物都需要睡觉。故选C。 答案 解析 6．例证关系 [真题指路1]　(2023·浙江高考1月) Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. __38__ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 答案：C 解析：C项(车厢里的温度难以控制。)说明火车车厢里的温度通常很难控制；下文据此举例说明尤其在夏天，空调让人们感觉很冷。故选C。 答案 解析 [真题指路2]　(2017·北京高考) Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. __74__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 答案：G 解析：上文说明现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是对的；G项(托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠大脑中这些连接或突触的大小。)对上文观点进行举例说明。故选G。 答案 解析 7．对比关系 [典题导航]　(2024·重庆巴蜀中学高三一模) One of the best－demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in superior note－taking. Students typing on computers write down twice as many words and passages, suggesting they are not understanding so much when rapidly copying the material. __39__ It forces note－takers to synthesize (合成) ideas into their own words, which aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing. A．It makes a material visually appealing. B．Handwriting, by contrast, takes a longer time. C．Policymakers have taken note of handwriting's benefits. D．It is tempting to dismiss him as an old man complaining about change. E．Some students may have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. F．Some parents worry that their children are encouraged to carry laptops to class. G．It improves everything from recalling random words to understanding complex concepts. 答案：B 解析：上文说明在电脑上打字的学生写下的单词和段落是原来的两倍多，这表明他们在快速复制材料时理解不太多。B项(相比之下，手写要花更长的时间。)与上文电脑打字快但不精于理解形成对比。故选B。 答案 解析 R $$