专题一 第二讲 题型四 主旨大意类-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案课件PPT（经典版）

WELCOME UNIT 第一编　突破阅读——赢半壁江山 专题一　语篇阅读 第二讲　语篇阅读——四大题型 题型四　主旨大意类 技法 同步对点练 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 新高考外刊题组精练 3 技法 技法1　标题判断题——“精准定位”法 技法 [真题指路] 　(2024·全国甲卷) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive ... 技法 ... This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 27．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 解析：首段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能；第二段介绍了猫的敏锐的嗅觉；第三段介绍了猫的取物习惯，由此可知，文章介绍和解释了猫的各种行为方式，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。B项(了解你的猫的行为)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 答案 解析 技法 技法2　段落大意题——“首尾兼顾”法 技法 [真题指路1] 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (第三段)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 技法 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解析：本段主要介绍了两只动物经过Farber (法伯)的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。 答案 解析 技法 [真题指路2] 　(2023·全国乙卷) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. 32．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about. C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable. 答案 技法 解析：根据第一段内容可知，本段主要介绍了讲述历史不能仅仅通过文本，因为世界上只有一些地方曾经有过文本，许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，还会用物品来记录重要的事件。由此可知，第一段主要讲述过去的事件应该如何呈现。故选A。 解析 技法 技法3　主旨大意题——“主题归纳”法 技法 [真题指路] 　(2023·浙江高考1月) Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump__on__that__bandwagon． I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not－always－supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! ... 技法 解析：根据第二、三、四段的段首句可知，文章介绍了在与家人共同生活时，作者是如何践行自己的零浪费生活方式的。故选C。 Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. ... 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one's own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 答案 解析 技法 解析：根据第二、三、四段的段首句可知，文章介绍了在与家人共同生活时，作者是如何践行自己的零浪费生活方式的。故选C。 解析 技法 同步对点练 (2024·河北省高三联考)New research suggests that napping can help to maintain brain health. Taking daytime naps may help maintain brain health as we age, according to a study. Habitual napping was linked with larger total brain volume (体积), which is associated with a lower risk of dementia (痴呆) and other diseases, according to researchers from University College London (UCL) and the University of the Republic of Uruguay. On average, the difference in brain volume between nappers and non­nappers was equivalent (相等的) to 2.5 to 6.5 years of aging. 同步对点练 In the study, researchers used a technique called Mendelian randomization to analyze DNA samples and brain scans from 35，080 people aged 40 to 69. They looked at sections of genetic code linked to people's likelihood of regular napping and then compared brain health and cognition results between those with the napping genes and those without. The results show a small but significant increase in brain volume in people who have a genetic signature associated with taking daytime naps. “Our findings suggest that short daytime naps may help preserve the health of the brain as we get older. By looking at genes set at birth, we avoid confounding factors occurring throughout life that may influence associations between napping and health outcomes，” said lead author Paz. “Even with limitations, this study is interesting because it adds to the data indicating that sleep is important for brain health，” she said. 同步对点练 However, such a technique can only show an association between nap and brain health, not cause and effect. In addition, researchers did not have information on nap duration, which can impact whether sleep is helpful or harmful. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究表明，午睡有助于保持大脑健康。 篇章导读 同步对点练 1．How did the researchers make the findings? A．By conducting surveys. B．By doing experiments in the lab. C．By comparing information. D．By analyzing results of others studies. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the study ... those without. (在这项研究中，研究人员使用了一种名为孟德尔随机化的技术，分析了35，080名年龄在40岁至69岁之间的人的DNA样本和大脑扫描。他们研究了与人们有规律午睡的可能性相关的基因编码部分，然后比较了有午睡基因和没有午睡基因的人的大脑健康和认知结果。)”可知，通过比较两类参与者的大脑健康和认知结果信息，研究人员得到了研究发现。故选C。 答案 解析 同步对点练 2．What is Paz's attitude towards the findings? A．Excited. B．Surprised. C．Disappointed. D．Confused. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Paz (帕兹)所说的话“Even with limitations ... brain health (即使有局限性，这项研究也很有趣，因为它增加了表明睡眠对大脑健康很重要的数据)”可推知，她对研究发现持兴奋的态度。故选A。 答案 解析 同步对点练 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The findings are not reliable. B．The effect of naps needs further study. C．The findings have limitations. D．When to take naps makes no difference. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这种技术只能显示午睡和大脑健康之间的联系，而不是因果关系。此外，研究人员没有关于午睡时间对睡眠的影响，由此可推知，研究发现是有局限性的。故选C。 答案 解析 同步对点练 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Napping changes our genes. B．Napping helps keep our brain healthy. C．Napping makes us live a longer life. D．Napping contributes to our creativity. 解析：主旨大意题。文章围绕一项有关午睡与大脑健康的研究展开，主要介绍了该研究发现午睡有助于保持大脑健康。故选B。 答案 解析 同步对点练 新高考外刊题组精练 题组四　主旨大意类 较易题(占比20%)　中档题(占比60%)　拔高题(占比20%) 题号 A B C D E 难度 ★★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★★ 新高考外刊题组精练 25 A(时间：8分钟) Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well­being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child's education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning. 新高考外刊题组精练 26 Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit. 新高考外刊题组精练 27 Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher­citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity. 新高考外刊题组精练 28 We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve, and how does it transform our societies? 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对2080年的教育的展望。 篇章导读 新高考外刊题组精练 29 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．There are different types of education. B．The present education needs improvements. C．Education and economy are closely associated. D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different. 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Education in 2080 is distinctive ... all its members.(2080年的教育与21世纪20年代的教育截然不同。直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 30 2．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to? A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition. C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play­based learning. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Schools have been replaced with ‘Learning Hubs’ that are not restricted to certain ages.”可知，Shemsy (舍姆西)去的学习中心没有年龄限制，接受所有年龄段的学生。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 31 3．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Being Human and the History of Humanity”可知，此处应指全球儿童必修的课程，画线词mandatory意为“必修的”。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 32 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future 解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“In 2080 ... in 2080.”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，B项(教育远景)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 33 【词汇积累】 ①function n. 功能，职责 ②exist v. 存在；实际上有 ③belief n. 看法；信念；相信，信心 ④be engaged in 从事于；忙于；参与 新高考外刊题组精练 34 B(时间：8分钟) When Mark Twain first set eyes on Honolulu in 1866, he observed that the trees were so thick that they blocked the sunlight, rocks from past volcanic eruptions covered the corals—and lovely cats were everywhere. Nearly 160 years later, however, the descendants of the cats that so pleased Twain are now widely seen as a threat to the islands. The wild cat, explains the Hawaii Invasive (侵入的) Species Council (HISC), has become one of the state's most “disastrous” animals. 新高考外刊题组精练 35 Cats were first brought to Hawaii aboard European colonists' ships, where they killed rats and mice. As their number in their new home grew during the 19th century, birds started to disappear. At least 30 types of native bird became rarer or went extinct between 1870 and 1930 as they were exposed to their new enemies, according to the US Geological Survey. Toxoplasmosis (弓形虫病) is a disease caused by a parasite (寄生虫) that reproduces in the digestive systems of cats, and then pollutes soil and water through their faeces (粪便). A new study determined that two spinner dolphins found on the Hawaiian coast died of toxoplasmosis. From these findings the authors suggest that at least 60 spinner dolphins have died of the parasite over the past 30 years. 新高考外刊题组精练 36 A bill that could have directed the HISC to kill cats using poisoned food, as Australia has done, died in the state legislature earlier. Animal­lovers prefer to focus on catching wild cats, removing their sex organs and releasing them so that they have no kittens. But HISC contends that such programmes do not actually help control cat numbers. Ms West suggests that people are too quick to blame the cats, when there is another cruel animal. “People have to stop abandoning these poor cats，” she says. “It’s not really a cat problem. It’s a human problem.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于夏威夷野猫的问题。 篇章导读 新高考外刊题组精练 37 5．What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To stress Mark Twain's impression on cats. B．To urge people to show love to cats. C．To indicate the change of cats in the history. D．To lead in the topic of the wild cats in Hawaii. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“Nearly 160 years later ... the islands.”可推知，第一段的主要目的是引入夏威夷野猫的问题这一话题。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 38 6．What probably caused the decline of birds and dolphins? A．The loss of habitat. B．The infectious disease. C．The increase of cats. D．The polluted food. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As their number ... according to the US Geological Survey.”和第四段中的“A new study ... the past 30 years.”可知，猫的增加是导致鸟类和海豚数量下降的原因。故选C。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 39 7．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Solutions to the problem. B．Influence on the society. C．Discovery of the phenomenon. D．Outcome of the situation. 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“Animal­lovers prefer to focus on catching wild cats ... cat numbers.”可知，最后一段主要是关于解决野猫问题的不同方法和观点。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 40 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Species Invasion Is Common in Hawaii B．Wild Cats Have Invaded Hawaii C．Humans Caused the Increase of Cats D．Getting Rid of Wild Cats in Hawaii 解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“Nearly 160 years later ... to the islands.(然而，近160年后，那些曾经让吐温如此喜欢的猫的后代现在被广泛视为对岛屿的威胁。)”可知，文章主要介绍了夏威夷野猫问题，包括它们对当地生态的影响以及提出的不同解决方案。B项(野猫入侵夏威夷)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 41 【词汇积累】 ①observe v. 注意到，观察到 ②threat n. 威胁，恐吓 ③abandon v. 抛弃，遗弃 ④be exposed to 暴露于；接触到 新高考外刊题组精练 42 C(时间：8分钟) In the Seychelles archipelago (塞舌尔群岛) in East Africa, flooding and erosion (侵蚀) caused by rising sea level pose an incoming threat to the country's many low­lying islands. At the same time its mangrove forests (红树林), which serve as a vital aspect against these impacts, are disappearing. Approximately 70% of Seychelles mangroves have been destroyed since the late 1700s due to human­driven development and agriculture as well as soil erosion from sea level rise. 新高考外刊题组精练 43 Today the Seychelles Government is working with local community leaders to restore the mangroves, and not just for protection against rising sea level. Research shows that these forests can store about 2.5 million tonnes of CO2 (equal to taking 500，000 cars off the road for a year), directly helping to fight climate change. They also provide a breeding ground for fisheries, a sector that contributes one­fifth of the country’s GDP, benefiting local communities’ livelihood and helping to protect the islands’ lively biodiversity (多样性)． 新高考外刊题组精练 44 While the concept of using nature to benefit both lives and lands is by no means new, global interest in “nature­based solutions” has skyrocketed in recent years. Many now see nature­based solutions as a key approach for addressing not only climate change but a range of social, environmental and economic challenges—from biodiversity loss, food security and air pollution to disease control and declining local economies. Yet there remains widespread debate about what exactly constitutes a nature­based solution as well as how to best include these strategies into broader climate and conservation efforts. This indetermination has contributed to significant under­investment: It's estimated that to limit temperature rise to below 1.5 degrees C (degrees F), hold back biodiversity loss and control land degradation (恶化), annual investments in nature­based approaches must be three times by 2030. 新高考外刊题组精练 45 As nature­based solutions continue to rise on the global agenda, building a more consistent understanding around the concept and its implications will be key to raising support for effective, extensive solutions that benefit both people and the planet. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了全球对“基于自然的解决方案”的兴趣急剧上升的原因以及对此相关的争论。 篇章导读 新高考外刊题组精练 46 9．What do the first two paragraphs focus on? A．The diversity of economy in East Africa. B．The environmental protection in East Africa. C．The disappearance of mangroves in East Africa. D．The operation of nature­based solutions in East Africa. 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“In the Seychelles archipelago (塞舌尔群岛) ... are disappearing.”和第二段中的“Today the Seychelles Government ... against rising sea level.”可知，东非的塞舌尔群岛的红树林正在消失，当今，塞舌尔政府正在与当地社区领导人合作，恢复红树林，由此可知这两段主要阐述了东非塞舌尔群岛正在基于自然实施解决方案。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 47 10．Which of the following words can best describe nature­based solutions? A．Novel. B．Effective. C．Ruinous. D．Uncertain. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Yet there remains widespread debate ... conservation efforts.”以及第二句中的关键词“indetermination”可知，关于什么是“基于自然的解决方案”，以及如何最好地将这些策略纳入更广泛的气候和环保工作当中，仍然存在广泛的争论，由此可推知，“基于自然的解决方案”目前具有不确定性。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 48 11．What is the aim of the nature­based solutions in 2030? A．500，000 cars are taken off the road. B．Yearly investment increases by double. C．The temperature rise is limited to below 2.7 ℃. D．A conference on nature­based solutions is held. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“annual investments in nature­based approaches must be three times by 2030”可知，到2030年，基于自然的解决方案的目标是年度投资必须增加两倍。故选 B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 49 12．What is the best title for the text? A．What Exactly Are Nature­based Solutions? B．Why Are Nature­based Solutions on the Rise? C．How Can Nature­based Solutions Help Fight Climate Change? D．What Are the Potential Weaknesses of Nature­based Solutions? 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了全球对“基于自然的解决方案”的兴趣急剧上升的原因。B项(为什么基于自然的解决方案在增加？)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 50 【词汇积累】 ①breed vt. 培养；培育；繁殖 ②fishery n. 渔业；水产业 ③skyrocket vi. 剧增；猛涨 ④constitute v. 组成，构成；被算作；成立，设立 ⑤pose a threat to 对……构成威胁 新高考外刊题组精练 51 D(时间：7分钟) In 1995, Larry Page, a young computer student at Stanford University, listed about 10 ideas for the subject of his dissertation (学位论文). He ultimately chose the option concerning charting the hyperlinks between sites, which later permanently changed the way we navigate (浏览) the Internet and earned Page around $100 billion. Research shows people rarely assess the value of their own ideas accurately. This means that we often fail to see the potential in our best ideas, leading us to jettison them and waste time on less promising ventures. Fortunately, these studies also suggest some clever ways to avoid making this mistake. 新高考外刊题组精练 52 One insightful study comes from Professor Justin Berg at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. In his experiments, he asked participants to invent new products or services. The participants first brainstormed a list of ideas, which they ranked in order of preference, after which they were given more time to develop their concepts. A team of independent judges then rated the quality of the final designs. Berg found that in general, the participants preferred the concepts that were the most concrete and which initially appeared to be the easiest to apply. This meant that they often overlooked slightly more abstract ideas that were not immediately practical. With development, however, the potential uses of the abstract ideas soon became apparent—leading them to be more popular with the independent judges. 新高考外刊题组精练 53 As Berg’s results show, we may be consistently missing out on our best ideas. One way to improve our judgments may be to encourage the right kind of reflective thinking. Berg, for instance, found he could improve participants’ forecasts by asking them to justify why they had chosen their rankings. With extra thought, an abstract idea that initially appeared less promising will begin to gain substance and might soon start to seem more exciting. We may never know what made Larry Page leave his other ideas, but the above technique can help us identify the projects with the greatest potential. We can sift (挑选) the gold from the debris of our creativity and never risk wasting a trillion－dollar idea. 新高考外刊题组精练 54 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以Larry Page (拉里·佩奇)选择论文主题的成功经历为切入点，介绍了一项研究成果：人们评估自己想法的价值时会出现偏差，但反思思维可以改善此状况。 篇章导读 新高考外刊题组精练 55 13．What does the underlined word “jettison” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Assess. B．Abandon. C．Transform. D．Challenge. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“fail to see the potential”以及“waste time on less promising ventures”可知，人们看不到自己想法的潜力，从而放弃这些好想法，并把时间浪费在没有希望的风险项目上，jettison意为 “放弃”。故选B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 56 14．What did Berg's experiments reveal about the participants? A．They often neglected less practical ideas initially. B．They took into account the judges' preferences. C．They favored abstract ideas over concrete ones. D．They tended to choose ideas with great potential. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This meant that ... not immediately practical.”可知，Berg (伯格)发现参与者们经常忽略一些抽象、不能立即付诸实践的想法。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 57 15．Which of the following shows “reflective thinking”？ A．Sticking to the initial rankings. B．Appreciating the ideas of others. C．Looking at the positive side of an option. D．Exploring the motivations behind our choices. 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Berg, for instance ... chosen their rankings.”可知，Berg鼓励参与者运用反思思维，具体做法就是让参与者解释他们选择自己的排序的原因，即探索选择背后的动机是一种反思思维。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 58 16．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How to Identify Truly Great Ideas B．Why We Are Poor Decision­Makers C．How to Choose a Promising Paper Topic D．Why Our Brain Favors the Concrete 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章首先用Larry Page的例子作为引入，接着通过实验研究来说明大多数人无法准确评估自己想法的价值，然后通过Berg的研究发现解释其背后的原因并提出提高对自己想法的判断力的方法。因此，A项(如何识别真正伟大的想法)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 59 【词汇积累】 ①permanently adv. 永久地；一直存在地 ②promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的 ③concrete adj. 确实的，具体的 ④forecast n．& v. 预测，预报 新高考外刊题组精练 60 E(时间：8分钟) I've chatted with many unhappy employees, finding one big reason is that they aren't aware of what will truly matter to them when choosing a job. Salaries and promotions are important, but not enough. To identify a satisfying job, people should be thinking about office morale and doing work that is interesting and fun. My colleague Kaitlin Woolley and I asked a large group of employees what made them like their present jobs, and what factors would cause them to like future jobs. 新高考外刊题组精练 61 Unsurprisingly, we found promotions and raises were important for people both in their current job and in applying for future jobs. What was interesting, though, was that the majority cared a lot about present benefits (such as doing something with the people you like) in their current job, but they expected not to care very much about those things in their future jobs. A basic insight from behavioral science is that people care about the present mainly in the present, but don't really care about it in advance. This natural human tendency has important consequences. They often choose the wrong job or project and end up regretting it. But keep in mind that if there is one thing that is certain about the future, it is that it will one day be the present. 新高考外刊题组精练 62 How can we use insights from behavioral science to increase job satisfaction? We have developed a three－step approach. First, make sure you choose a career that you enjoy pursuing, one that offers present benefits to you. Second, add present benefits to your working hours. Third, bring to mind those present benefits that do exist at your work. You can motivate yourself to engage in your work by directing attention to the positive aspects of your tasks. The bottom line is that job satisfaction is too rare, and the lack of it is hurting us emotionally and financially. Many years of research have taught us that people feel energized when the process of doing something becomes the goal of doing it. We can apply this principle to increase satisfaction at work by selecting satisfying jobs. 新高考外刊题组精练 63 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了员工在选择工作时应考虑的因素并提出了提高工作满意度的三个步骤。 篇章导读 新高考外刊题组精练 64 17．What's the function of Paragraph 1? A．Giving an example. B．Making a comparison. C．Proposing a definition. D．Presenting an argument. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段先介绍了员工不快乐的原因，然后指出应当通过关注办公室的氛围和工作的趣味性来找到令人满意的工作。由此可推知，本段的功能在于呈现论点。故选D。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 65 18．How did the author feel about the findings? A．There is something surprising. B．There is something expected. C．There is something disappointing. D．There is something satisfying. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What was interesting ... their future jobs. (然而，有趣的是，大多数人在目前的工作中非常关注眼前的好处(比如和你喜欢的人一起做事)，但他们希望在未来的工作中不太关心这些事情。)”可推知，作者认为调查结果中有出乎意料的发现。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 66 19．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It is impossible to find job satisfaction at work. B．An unpleasant boss might make you feel upset. C．People unsatisfied with their work may get into debt. D．Selecting a satisfying job can increase job satisfaction. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The bottom line ... emotionally and financially. (最重要的是，工作满意太罕见了，缺乏它会在情感上和经济上伤害我们。)”可推知，一个令人不愉快的老板可能会让你情绪低落。故选B。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 67 20．What is the text mainly about? A．Telling how to choose a satisfying job. B．Describing the present situations of working. C．Introducing the knowledge of behavioral science. D．Explaining the differences between the current and future jobs. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“To identify a ... interesting and fun.”可知，文章主要介绍了如何选择令人满意的工作。故选A。 答案 解析 新高考外刊题组精练 68 【词汇积累】 ①morale n. 士气 ②tendency n. 倾向；偏好；性情 ③pursue v. 追求；致力于；执行 ④be aware of 意识到，知道 ⑤end up doing sth 最终做某事 新高考外刊题组精练 69 R $$