Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle(人与社会：生活与健康)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle（人教版2019） 人与社会：生活与健康 单元引言解读 The greatest wealth is health. —Virgil 释义：本单元的引言的意思是：健康是最重要的财富。出自古罗马诗人维吉尔。他认为，身体的健康和心灵的安乐对人类的福祉至关重要。财富不仅仅指物质上的富足，还包括一切有价值的东西。失去了健康，再多的物质财富也无法弥补。 启示：青少年应该摒弃过度追逐物质享受的思想和不健康的生活方式，避免损害自己和他人的身体和精神健康。 名言名句积累 人与社会：生活与健康 1．One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.—Cai Yuanpei 人的健全，不但靠饮食，尤靠运动。——蔡元培 2．A light heart lives long.—William Shakespeare 豁达者长寿。——威廉·莎士比亚 3．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.—Benjamin Franklin 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。——本杰明·富兰克林 4．Not only does playing basketball give me a lot of happiness, but also it brings me changes in lifestyle. 打篮球不仅给我很多快乐，而且也给我带来生活方式上的改变。 5．You are supposed to make a proper time schedule so that you can keep a balance between exercise and studies. 你应该制定一个适当的时间表，这样你就可以在锻炼和学习之间保持平衡。 时文拓展阅读 U.S. pig organ transplant experiment American doctors have released details about another operation involving the transplant of pig organs into humans. A medical team from the University of Alabama at Birmingham said it had successfully transplanted pig kidneys into a brain-dead human. The operation took place last September, but was first reported January 20. Similar operations have taken place in recent months. In October, doctors at New York University temporarily attached a pig kidney to blood vessels outside the body of a brain-dead human. And earlier this month, doctors at University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore transplanted a pig heart into a living human patient. In all of the operations, doctors used organs from genetically modified pigs provided by Virginia-based medical company Revivicor. The latest experiment in Alabama was performed on 57-year-old Jim Parsons, who was declared brain-dead after being injured in a motorcycle accident. His family donated his body to science. For a little more than three days -- until the man’s body was removed from life support -- the two pig kidneys survived with no signs of immediate rejection, the medical team reported. The results were recently published in a study in the American Journal of Transplantation. Dr. Jayme Locke of the University of Alabama at Birmingham led the new study. She told The Associated Press the experiment marks the beginning of a planned series of pig kidney transplants. “The organ shortage is in fact an unmitigated crisis, and we’ve never had a real solution to it,” Locke said. She added that an important finding of the latest operation helped answer a major question: Could the pig kidney blood vessels survive the force of human blood pressure? She said the operation proved that the answer was yes. One kidney was damaged during removal from the pig and did not work effectively, the team reported. But the other quickly started producing urine as a kidney is supposed to. Locke said no pig viruses were passed on to the human, and no pig cells were found in the man’s bloodstream. She added that the latest experiment showed that brain-dead bodies can serve as much-needed human models to test out possible new treatments. In the donor pigs, scientists removed several genes linked to organ rejection. They also removed another gene in an effort to prevent too much growth of pig heart tissue. Dr. Robert Montgomery has led similar experiments at New York University’s Langone Health in New York City. He told the AP that scientists still have a lot to learn about how long pig organs survive, and how best to genetically change them. “I think different organs will require different genetic modifications,” he said. Organ donor organizations estimate there are about 110,000 Americans currently waiting for an organ transplant. And more than 6,000 patients die each year before getting an organ, reports organdonor.gov. 【译文欣赏】 美国猪器官移植实验 美国医生公布了另一项涉及将猪的器官移植到人体的手术细节。 阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的一个医疗小组说，他们已经成功地将猪的肾脏移植到一个脑死亡的人身上。该手术发生在去年9月，但首次报道是在1月20日。 类似的手术在最近几个月也发生了。 10月，纽约大学的医生将一个猪的肾脏暂时连接到一个脑死亡的人身体外的血管上。本月早些时候，巴尔的摩马里兰大学医学院的医生将一颗猪的心脏移植到一个活着的人类病人身上。 在所有的手术中，医生都使用了由位于弗吉尼亚州的医疗公司Revivicor提供的转基因猪的器官。 阿拉巴马州的最新实验是在57岁的吉姆-帕森斯身上进行的，他在一次摩托车事故中受伤后被宣布脑死亡。他的家人将他的身体捐给了科学。 医疗小组报告说，在三天多一点的时间里--直到该男子的身体从生命支持系统中被移除--两个猪肾存活下来，没有立即出现排斥的迹象。这一结果最近发表在《美国移植杂志》的一项研究中。 阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的Jayme Locke博士领导这项新研究。她告诉美联社，这项实验标志着一系列计划中的猪肾移植的开始。 洛克说：“器官短缺实际上是一个无法缓解的危机，我们从来没有一个真正的解决方案。” 她补充说，最新手术的一个重要发现有助于回答一个重要问题。猪的肾脏血管能否经受住人类血压的压力？她说，这次手术证明答案是肯定的。 该小组报告说，一个肾脏在从猪身上取出时被损坏，不能有效地工作。但另一个很快就开始产生尿液，就像一个肾脏应该有的那样。 洛克说，没有猪的病毒传给人，也没有在这个人的血液中发现猪的细胞。她补充说，最新的实验表明，脑死亡的尸体可以作为急需的人类模型来测试可能的新疗法。 在捐献的猪身上，科学家们删除了几个与器官排斥有关的基因。他们还删除了另一个基因，以防止猪的心脏组织过多地生长。 罗伯特-蒙哥马利博士曾在纽约市的纽约大学朗格尼健康中心领导过类似的实验。他告诉美联社，对于猪的器官能存活多久，以及如何最好地对它们进行基因改变，科学家们仍有很多东西需要学习。他说：“我认为不同的器官将需要不同的基因修改。” 器官捐赠组织估计，目前约有11万名美国人在等待器官移植。而每年有超过6000名患者在获得器官之前死亡，organdonor.gov报道。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 release [rɪˈliːs] v.公开；放出 rejection [rɪ'dʒekʃ(ə)n] n. 拒斥；排斥 transplant [trænsˈplɑːnt] n.移植 mark [mɑːk]v.标志 kidney [ˈkɪdni] n.肾脏 vessel [ˈvesl] n.血管 attach [əˈtætʃ] v.把……固定 removal [rɪˈmuːvl] n. 去除 organ [ˈɔːɡən] n. 器官 genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] adj.遗传的 donate [dəʊˈneɪt] v.捐赠 estimate [ˈestɪmət] v.估计；估算 【知识拓展】 实验面临的挑战 · 免疫排斥反应：尽管通过基因编辑等手段减少免疫排斥，但仍存在急性 T 细胞介导的排斥反应等问题，如在一些案例中术后患者出现肌酐升高、发热等排斥反应症状。 · 病毒跨物种传播：猪源性病原体跨物种传播的安全性问题有待进一步研究和解决，这是异种移植面临的重要课题之一。 · 心血管问题：终末期肾病患者常合并严重心血管疾病，会增加手术风险和影响患者预后，如首例猪肾移植活体患者最终死于心脏病。 【词汇延伸】 unmitigated 英 /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/；美 /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/ adj.十足的，完全的（含贬义） 综合实战演练 （一） （2025·八省联考真题） （2025·八省联考真题）Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. ( 1.CD篇说明文分类 1）介绍说明类 ----新产品，新技术：功能，用途，材料，优缺点，市场前景等 ----知识科普：发展，各时期或各方面特性 文章特点： ----开门见山，直奔主题 ----段落首尾句确定大意 ----主旨大意、写作意图、最佳标题等关注首尾段高频复现内容 ----作者客观介绍 2）实验研究类 ----实验或调查的过程进展：（引出话题）---实验/调查结果--- 研究的起因或问题现状--- 研究对象，方法，实验过程，突破，结论等--- 重述成果，后续研究方向，现实运用，未来期望等 文章特点： ---研究结果即主旨大意 ---段落行文逻辑常见：giving examples;  making comparisons;  listing numbers/figures/statistics;  giving a definition;  cause and effect... ---文章基调：客观(objective)=批判性思维（critical thinking） 2.科普类文章语言特点： 科技英语属于专业英语的范畴，其特点为专业术语多、长难句量大。 1.严谨性： may, might, can, be likely to, tend to,  to some extent/degree(在一定程度上） 因为结果是是很多因素（factor）共同作用的结果。 2.重要术语给出解释或定义 Ultra-processed foods range from the sweets that turn your tongue blue to those healthier-sounding canned soups packe with artificial(人工）flavours. 3.言语的权威性 recently published research (“发表”了才得到了权威机构的认可，“最近”暗含了之前研究或认知不足） “...,” explained/said Emeritus Professor Heinz Ruther, the principal investigator at the Zamani Project.(某人说的后面通常是同位语，只是说明这个人很厉害，说的话有分量。 科学的实验设计及其过程更是有说服力的手段。 researchers analysed 24-hour dietary records of nearly 105,000adults. Participants recorded what they ate from a list of 3,300 food items. Those items were later divided inito different groups based on the degree which they were processed. 3 .常见题干及选项（务必背会题干和选项中的高频词） What problem does the first paragraph focus on? What does the new research focus on? What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?  What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude? How did Stroud conduct his research? How was the study conducted? What do data/numbers/figures/statistics published in 2023 suggest? What conclusion can be drawn from the study? What is the significance of the research finding? What will Stroud probably do in the future? 题干举例 1.How was the study conducted?    conduct a research进行一项研究 A. By comparing different primates. compare 对比comparison B. By observing bonobos’ interactions.           observe      观察 C. By listing group members’ motivations.  list 列清单 D. By analysing statistics of previous studies.     analyse statistics 分析数据 2. How does Otten find(认为) the study? A. Forward-looking（有远见的；有预见的）. B. Groundbreaking （开拓性的；独创性的） C. Controversial   （引起争论的；有争议的debatable） D. One-sided （片面的） 3. Why is Sth mentioned in Paragraph 3 ? A. To present（呈现） a fact. （呈现事实） B. To illustrate（阐明） a view. （阐明观点） C. To introduce a topic. （引出话题） D. To draw a conclusion. （得出结论） 4.How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By explaining a concept. D. By citing experts’ words.                                                            cite/quote ：V.引用 5.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Conclusions from the experiment. B. Insights into dogs’ experiences. (对......的深入了解） C. Expectations for future studies. D. Applications of the discovery. E.Limitation(局限性,不足） F:Follow-up study（后续研究） G:Suggestion 6.What is Dr Katovich’s conclusion based on? A. Previous studies.             B. Relevant data. C. Reasonable prediction.             D. Experiment results. 7.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins? A. By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features.    analyze B. By recording parent-child interaction frequency.    record C. By measuring the distance between parent and child.  measure D. By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.  examine 8.What is the carmakers’ attitude towards the future of EV industry? A. Dissatisfied.   B. Dismissive（轻视的）.    C. Cautious（谨慎的）.     D. Casual（满不在乎的） 9.What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving B. Tolerant（能容忍的）. C. Objective. D. Reserved（保留的）.reserve judgment 保留意见，保留看法 10.What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research? A. Supportive.B. Dismissive.C. Opposed.D. Impartial（公正的；不偏不倚的）. 11.What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Favorable. D. Dismissive.  What is the author’s attitude towards the CORSIA?  A. Disapproving. B. Confused. C. Favorable. D. Unconcerned（漠不关心的）.  12.What’s the author’s attitude towards background spending? A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Critical（批判的）. D. Unclear. 5. 4.熟谙选项设置规律，比对原文，去伪存真。 1）正确选项：---信息精简   ---归纳概括 ---相互释义 2）干扰选项：---张冠李戴，拼接信息           ---偷梁换柱，替换信息 ---以偏概全，漏失信息 ---无中生有，想当然 ) ( stimulate v 刺激 maximize v 使最大化 biochemical n 生物化学物质 & adj 生物化学的 spatial adj 空间的 subject n 接受试验者 circuit training 循环训练（轮番做不同 的体育运动，每种只做很短时间） brainwave n 脑电波； consistent adj 稳定发展的，持续稳定的 tax v 使负重担，使伤脑筋； boost n 增长，帮助 sharpen v 使更敏锐，提高 ) 全文翻译 想学习一门新语言，或者在大学考试中拿 A 吗？先前的研究表明，运动有助于刺激大脑中负责将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域。一项新研究进一步深入探讨了这一课题，并发现了运动助力学习效果最大化的最佳时机。 基于过去的研究 —— 运动能够释放改善心理功能的生物化学物质，拉德堡德大学和爱丁堡大学的科学家开展了一项研究，以确定运动在何时对学习最为有益。 研究参与者为 72 名健康的成年男女。他们首先要进行一项电脑测试，该测试考验他们的视觉和空间学习能力。测试结束后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片，不过其中三分之二的人还进行了运动。在这些运动者中，有一半人在测试结束后立即骑健身自行车进行 35 分钟的循环训练。另一半人同样进行了此项运动，但却是在测试结束 4 小时之后。 两天后，所有参与者回到实验室进行回忆测试，同时他们连接上磁共振成像（MRI）机器，以评估他们的大脑活动。在完成电脑测试 4 小时后进行运动的参与者，能够最为准确地回忆起所学内容。他们的脑电波也显示出更为稳定的活动水平，这表明他们的大脑在回忆所学内容时负担较小。 根据这项研究，为提高学习效果，运动的最佳时间是在学习 4 小时之后。但这是为什么呢？这是研究人员尚未解答的问题之一。另一个悬而未决的问题是，何种运动强度最有助于提高学习效果。我跑过足够多的马拉松，足以证明在高强度锻炼期间或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐。但研究人员指出，轻度锻炼可能无法为大脑提供足够的生物化学刺激来提升学习效果。 （二） （24-25高二上·内蒙古包头·期末）Our hair is our crown. We wear it strong and proud. Whether it is long, short, straight, curly, or wavy, we all have one thing on our minds — how to care for it. Aloe Vera (芦荟) ● Hair growth: Aloe vera can act as a natural conditioner as well as aid in balancing the pH level of your hair. All that is needed is to apply the aloe vera gel to your scalp (头皮) and hair. ● Strengthens hair: It contains vitamins C, A, and E that help in strengthening hair follicles. ● Helps itchy (痒的) scalp: Aloe vera has been backed up by dermatologists to have components that help deal with itchy scalp. Rosemary Although it is commonly used to spice up a variety of dishes, this plant is also suitable for hair treatment. It contains carnosic acid that aids in the rejuvenation of nerves in the scalp. It also has other benefits like: ● Hair shine ● Boosts Hair Growth ● Acts as hair cleanser: Rosemary has antibacterial components that make it perfect for scalp cleansing. Hibiscus Hibiscus, or some parts of west Africa like to call it “Zobo leaves”, helps with numerous health conditions. But what most of us don’t know is that it works just as well for hair. ● Dandruff (头皮屑) treatment ● Thickens hair and gives volume ● Stops hair loss ● Prevents split ends The grounds of hibiscus leave are usually mixed with other products before being massaged into the hair. It is not a leave-in mixture and should be washed off with a mild shampoo after use. Moringa ● Boosts hair Growth: Moringa contains all the right minerals to aid hair growth. It has vitamin B that aid in the production of red blood cell that carry oxygen to the hair and scalp. ● Prevents dandruff and itchy scalp: Pterygospermin is an antibacterial and antifungal component that helps with things like dandruff. ● Prevents hair loss ● Enhances thickness 1．Which is rich in vitamins and can be used to condition the hair? A．Aloe Vera. B．Rosemary. C．Hibiscus. D．Moringa. 2．What do Hibiscus and Moringa have in common? A．Make the hair more shiny. B．Help itchy scalp. C．Better scalp cleaning. D．Enhance thickness. 3．Which section of the website is the article most likely to appear? A．Science and technology. B．Education. C．Health. D．News report. （三） （24-25高二上·广西贵港·期末）“We were amazed at what we were seeing on a hot summer’s day, when a group of people with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) began rock climbing on the Carderock Cliffs of Maryland. Yes, rock climbing! It’s all part of their therapy,” says Molly Cupka, the no-nonsense instructor and cheerleader for this community of courageous climbers. She started this program, called Up ENDing Parkinson’s, as a non-profit 12 years ago. There’s no cure for Parkinson’s disease, which usually affects mobility, coordination, balance, and even speech. Jon Lessin was diagnosed (诊断) in 2003. He was once an all-around athlete. About 12 years ago, he retired because of Parkinson’s disease. It was Lessin who first had that big idea to use rock climbing as a therapy for Parkinson’s disease. “I wanted to do big-movement exercise,” he said. “And I found Molly Cupka at this gym.” Lessin suggested the idea to Molly Cupka, who runs the Sportrock Climbing Centers in Alexandria, Virginia. She thought it was worth a try, given the sport requires participants to plan ahead, and to know where to position their hands and feet. “I wish I could go into the brain and see what’s happening while people climb,” Molly Cupka said. There’s no evidence that climbing slows the progress of Parkinson’s disease, but Molly Cupka joined forces with Marymount University last year to study patients climbing for the first time. “We have people literally walking and carrying weights, you know, walking and looking, multitasking (同时处理多项任务) ,” she said. The study found that, in so many words, if you climb, you may walk better. Marymount University’s Center for Optimal Aging studies on physical and psychosocial effects of rock climbing on individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Mark de Mulder, a musician and former director of the National Geospatial Program, doesn’t need a study to prove what climbing does for him. “It allows me to say, ‘All right, take that, Parkinson’s! I’m doing this! ‘ It just makes me feel stronger, and I’m fighting it. I’m doing something about it.” Many of the climbers have become friends who climb together several times a week, and they’ve become a support group, Parkinson’s Pals, who encourage each other. 1．How do people feel when seeing those with Parkinson’s disease rock climbing? A．Surprised. B．Confused. C．Annoyed. D．Embarrassed. 2．Why did Molly Cupka decide to try rock climbing therapy? A．It’s a low-impact exercise. B．It involves multitasking. C．It requires no planning. D．It’s an individual activity. 3．What did the study reveal about rock climbing to people with Parkinson’s disease? A．It enriches their social life. B．It completely cures the disease. C．It improves their walking ability. D．It slows the progress of the disease. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Rock Climbing as a Sport B．Living with Parkinson’s Disease C．The Impact of Exercise on Parkinson’s Disease D．Fighting Parkinson’s Disease with Rock Climbing （四） （24-25高二上·江西·期末）In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities. That thinking started in the 1970s, when the government built gyms in even the smallest towns. Now, there are about 30,000 sports facilities across the country. Walkways and bike paths snake through the cities. Public swimming pools are everywhere. Here you can just step out of your door and do sports. Finns do just that. Half of women and a third of men bike to work. About a fifth of the country belongs to sports clubs. Some people even play sports at work. For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street. It’s one of the most popular team sports in the country, along with floor ball and Finnish baseball. A nearby chocolate factory has a gym and offers aerobics classes. “Employers started to encourage sports participation about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä. “Nowadays, 90% of employers support their employees’ physical activities in some way. Each year, they spend an average of about $220 per employee for physical activities.” One reason why employers tend to support their employees’ physical activities is due to a tax break. Businesses can deduct money spent on employees’ physical well-being. “But there’s something else. We have a lot of research showing that spending money on employees’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas. “Because healthy employees do better work. They also don’t have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty which is actually even more important than the health side.” Physically active people also save the health care system a lot of money. Data from the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs &. Health shows that people who bike and walk save the health care system as much as $5.5 billion each year. 1．Why are the scientists at the University of Jyväskylä mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To tell the popularity of a unique sport. B．To describe the process of an experiment. C．To show the easy access to sports facilities. D．To call for more public participation in sports. 2．When did the forestry industry start to encourage sports participation? A．About 50 years ago. B．About 60 years ago. C．About 80 years ago. D．About 100 years ago. 3．What does Hanna Vehmas say about the effort for employees’ physical well-being? A．It is a waste of money. B．It brings in various benefits. C．It takes too much time. D．It cuts workers’ productivity. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Can Finns Make Sports Part of Everyday Life? B．Why Are There So Many Sports Facilities Across Finland? C．Why Has Finland Become the Healthiest Country in the World? D．How Can Employers in Finland Be Encouraged to Spend on Sports? （五） （24-25高二上·江苏南通·期末）Cleaning your hands with soap and water washes away bacteria. But the hot-air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to blow microbes (微生物) right back onto clean skin. That’s what 16-year-old Zita Nguyen found by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) people’s freshly washed and dried hands. Water going through toilets in public restrooms results in the bacteria from human wastes entering the air. That same air is drawn into those wall-mounted electric hand dryers. These machines provide a nice warm home in which microbes can grow well, and cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult, Zita says. “Freshly washed hands are getting dirtied with the bacteria that grow inside these machines. ” she adds. The idea for her project came from the pandemic (流行病). People stayed at least one meter away from each other to limit the spread of the pandemic. Zita wanted to explore that idea with hand dryers. Would drying hands farther away from the hot-air dryer lessen the number of bacteria that fall back onto the skin? The teen had four people wash and dry their hands in the restrooms. The participants washed with soap and water. After each washing, they dried their hands using one of three different methods. In some trials, they simply used paper towels. In the others, they used an electric hand dryer. Sometimes, they held their hands close to the machine, about 13 centimeters below it. At other times, they held their hands about 30 centimeters below the dryer. Each hand-drying condition was performed 20 times. Right after this drying, Zita swabbed their hands for bacteria. Then she placed these swabs on Petri dishes for three days in suitable growing conditions. Afterward, all the Petri dishes were covered with bacteria. Fewer than 50 bacterial colonies (菌落), on average, turned up in each dish exposed to swabs from hands dried with paper towels or from hands held farther from the electric dryers. In contrast, more than 130 colonies, on average, grew in Petri dishes from hands held close to the hot-air dryers. Zita was amazed by all the microbes in these dishes and realized they represented what covered people’s hands after using a hot-air dryer. 1．What did Zita Nguyen discover in her research? A．Public restrooms are full of bacteria in the air. B．Swabbing freshly washed hands is unnecessary. C．Hand dryers can infect clean hands with bacteria. D．Cleaning the inside of hot-air hand dryers is hard. 2．What was the inspiration for Zita’s project? A．Her concern over the damage of bacteria to skins. B．Safety distance for people during the pandemic. C．Her curiosity about the structure of hand dryers. D．The medicine of limiting the spread of the pandemic. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The process of conducting the experiment. B．The reason for hand-dryers having bacteria. C．The desire for better drying hands machines. D．The result of drying hands with paper towels. 4．The number of bacterial colonies in the dishes is related to ________. A．the application of hand dryers B．the lasting time of swabbing hands C．the growing conditions for bacteria D．the functions of hot-air hand dryers （六） （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）The 20-Minute Rule to Accomplish Any Task Do you often struggle to begin tasks on schedule and find excuses to delay the start time? Do you choose to do something else instead of focusing on tasks that need immediate attention? 1 The basic idea is that if you have a task you don’t want to do, tell yourself you only need to do it for 20 minutes. The 20-minute rule is very simple. Next time you dread doing something, set a timer for 20 minutes, and start working on whatever you’ve been putting off. When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in. 2 After a few cycles of this, you’ll find you’ve built up strength and can keep working on the task you previously dreaded. The 20-minute rule is designed to help you start developing new emotions in connection with a task. The thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. 3 Often, once you set out, it becomes easier to continue, and you may find yourself willing to work beyond the initial 20 minutes. If you used the 20-minute rule to start studying for your test, after a few rotations (轮换) of the timer you would discover the task isn’t as painful as you thought. You may even start to enjoy it! 4 Try the 15-minute rule, the 10-minute rule, or the 5-minute rule. I’ve even used the 30-second rule. That’s right, 30 seconds. Start small. Prove to yourself that you will not experience a high level of discomfort from doing the task you set out to do. Begin to rewrite the emotions you anticipate in relation to a certain task. The reasons behind delay are primarily fear and the anticipation of pain. 5 Just set a timer, and get started. A．It’s meant to help you get started. B．But if the twenty-minute rule fails for you? C．Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once. D．Face your fears bravely and tackle the entire task in one go. E．Consider the “20-minute rule” to motivate yourself to start. F．Reset the timer when it goes off and return to your original task. G．If the timer goes off and you’re still uninterested, switch tasks permanently. （七） 完形填空 （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·阶段练习）I have been in love with Yoga since I joined the Yoga club at university. The practice of Yoga can lead to a(n) 1 between mind and body. In the training, there is a 2 position that has been one of my favorite poses. Each time I participate in this practice, I feel a deep sense of 3 with all those in the group. Instead of standing alone, the students stand in a 4 close enough for us to hold hands. Each of us gives and 5 trust and support from one to another. As a unit we move our 6 to one foot, resting the other foot against our ankle or our leg muscle. Then slowly we 7 the hand position so that we are palm to palm (掌心相对). We 8 our arms up and our hands form a shape of crown (王冠) above our heads. A slight 9 may start at first due to losing the balance, but soon we realize we have the 10 of each person in the circle, trusting them to protect us from 11 . We feel a sense of security, closing our eyes knowing we are 12 . In time we return to standing on two feet before changing to 13 on the other foot. As we finish, there is a moment of silence for us to 14 absorb the love and support we have received. Balance with support makes standing together 15 in community. So much better than standing alone. 1．A．competition B．conflict C．harmony D．adjustment 2．A．lying B．standing C．jumping D．sliding 3．A．pride B．belonging C．patience D．connection 4．A．circle B．line C．crowd D．corner 5．A．receives B．offers C．assumes D．affords 6．A．pain B．attention C．weight D．direction 7．A．improve B．change C．locate D．challenge 8．A．tighten B．loose C．wave D．raise 9．A．shake B．touch C．hug D．noise 10．A．honor B．support C．praise D．respect 11．A．failing B．releasing C．injuring D．falling 12．A．safe B．confident C．reliable D．independent 13．A．struggling B．dancing C．skating D．balancing 14．A．secretly B．individually C．eventually D．purposely 15．A．popular B．unique C．strong D．effective （八） 语法填空 （24-25高二上·河北保定·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, “premade food(预制菜) in schools” 36 (lead) to extensive debates. 37 shift from restaurant to family dining tables in the past two years, has rapidly brought premade food to the mass consumer market. The issue initially surfaced when videos were posted by several parents of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi 38 (express) their concerns about the slow delivery and poor quality of the meals 39 (provide) by the local central kitchen to students. Parents were worried that the meal distribution from the central kitchen might include premade food. 40 some parents began questioning was the source of school meals. They were anxious about it, a few of 41 even brought their children’s lunches to the school gates. The doubts have also raised 42 (concern) about the reliability of meal distribution by central kitchens in primary and secondary schools. 43 (consequent), many people are appealing 44 schools to return to running their own cafeterias. Some parents express their opposition to premade food in schools and firmly suggest that children 45 (guarantee) freshly cooked and reliable lunches. Ju Shang, the deputy secretary of Jiangsu Province Consumer Council emphasized that elementary and middle school students have the same rights to be informed and make choices. 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write a letter to the editor about your lifestyle 本单元的写作任务是“给编辑写信讲述自己的生活方式”。讲述类信件兼具书信和记叙文的特点。正文部分通常为记叙文写法，多以第一人称的方式详述自己面临的问题、解决问题的过程以及结果，可以以时间为主线叙述事件发生的经过。在正文部分的结尾，可以写一下自己的感悟。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）现在，全民倡导健康生活，请你以“Healthy Lifestyle”为题，用英文写一篇短文，内容应包括： 1.你认为的健康生活方式； 2.你认为该生活方式健康的两点理由（如：远离疾病、环保……）。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Healthy Lifestyle ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle（人教版2019） 人与社会：生活与健康 单元引言解读 The greatest wealth is health. —Virgil 释义：本单元的引言的意思是：健康是最重要的财富。出自古罗马诗人维吉尔。他认为，身体的健康和心灵的安乐对人类的福祉至关重要。财富不仅仅指物质上的富足，还包括一切有价值的东西。失去了健康，再多的物质财富也无法弥补。 启示：青少年应该摒弃过度追逐物质享受的思想和不健康的生活方式，避免损害自己和他人的身体和精神健康。 名言名句积累 人与社会：生活与健康 1．One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.—Cai Yuanpei 人的健全，不但靠饮食，尤靠运动。——蔡元培 2．A light heart lives long.—William Shakespeare 豁达者长寿。——威廉·莎士比亚 3．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.—Benjamin Franklin 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。——本杰明·富兰克林 4．Not only does playing basketball give me a lot of happiness, but also it brings me changes in lifestyle. 打篮球不仅给我很多快乐，而且也给我带来生活方式上的改变。 5．You are supposed to make a proper time schedule so that you can keep a balance between exercise and studies. 你应该制定一个适当的时间表，这样你就可以在锻炼和学习之间保持平衡。 时文拓展阅读 U.S. pig organ transplant experiment American doctors have released details about another operation involving the transplant of pig organs into humans. A medical team from the University of Alabama at Birmingham said it had successfully transplanted pig kidneys into a brain-dead human. The operation took place last September, but was first reported January 20. Similar operations have taken place in recent months. In October, doctors at New York University temporarily attached a pig kidney to blood vessels outside the body of a brain-dead human. And earlier this month, doctors at University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore transplanted a pig heart into a living human patient. In all of the operations, doctors used organs from genetically modified pigs provided by Virginia-based medical company Revivicor. The latest experiment in Alabama was performed on 57-year-old Jim Parsons, who was declared brain-dead after being injured in a motorcycle accident. His family donated his body to science. For a little more than three days -- until the man’s body was removed from life support -- the two pig kidneys survived with no signs of immediate rejection, the medical team reported. The results were recently published in a study in the American Journal of Transplantation. Dr. Jayme Locke of the University of Alabama at Birmingham led the new study. She told The Associated Press the experiment marks the beginning of a planned series of pig kidney transplants. “The organ shortage is in fact an unmitigated crisis, and we’ve never had a real solution to it,” Locke said. She added that an important finding of the latest operation helped answer a major question: Could the pig kidney blood vessels survive the force of human blood pressure? She said the operation proved that the answer was yes. One kidney was damaged during removal from the pig and did not work effectively, the team reported. But the other quickly started producing urine as a kidney is supposed to. Locke said no pig viruses were passed on to the human, and no pig cells were found in the man’s bloodstream. She added that the latest experiment showed that brain-dead bodies can serve as much-needed human models to test out possible new treatments. In the donor pigs, scientists removed several genes linked to organ rejection. They also removed another gene in an effort to prevent too much growth of pig heart tissue. Dr. Robert Montgomery has led similar experiments at New York University’s Langone Health in New York City. He told the AP that scientists still have a lot to learn about how long pig organs survive, and how best to genetically change them. “I think different organs will require different genetic modifications,” he said. Organ donor organizations estimate there are about 110,000 Americans currently waiting for an organ transplant. And more than 6,000 patients die each year before getting an organ, reports organdonor.gov. 【译文欣赏】 美国猪器官移植实验 美国医生公布了另一项涉及将猪的器官移植到人体的手术细节。 阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的一个医疗小组说，他们已经成功地将猪的肾脏移植到一个脑死亡的人身上。该手术发生在去年9月，但首次报道是在1月20日。 类似的手术在最近几个月也发生了。 10月，纽约大学的医生将一个猪的肾脏暂时连接到一个脑死亡的人身体外的血管上。本月早些时候，巴尔的摩马里兰大学医学院的医生将一颗猪的心脏移植到一个活着的人类病人身上。 在所有的手术中，医生都使用了由位于弗吉尼亚州的医疗公司Revivicor提供的转基因猪的器官。 阿拉巴马州的最新实验是在57岁的吉姆-帕森斯身上进行的，他在一次摩托车事故中受伤后被宣布脑死亡。他的家人将他的身体捐给了科学。 医疗小组报告说，在三天多一点的时间里--直到该男子的身体从生命支持系统中被移除--两个猪肾存活下来，没有立即出现排斥的迹象。这一结果最近发表在《美国移植杂志》的一项研究中。 阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的Jayme Locke博士领导这项新研究。她告诉美联社，这项实验标志着一系列计划中的猪肾移植的开始。 洛克说：“器官短缺实际上是一个无法缓解的危机，我们从来没有一个真正的解决方案。” 她补充说，最新手术的一个重要发现有助于回答一个重要问题。猪的肾脏血管能否经受住人类血压的压力？她说，这次手术证明答案是肯定的。 该小组报告说，一个肾脏在从猪身上取出时被损坏，不能有效地工作。但另一个很快就开始产生尿液，就像一个肾脏应该有的那样。 洛克说，没有猪的病毒传给人，也没有在这个人的血液中发现猪的细胞。她补充说，最新的实验表明，脑死亡的尸体可以作为急需的人类模型来测试可能的新疗法。 在捐献的猪身上，科学家们删除了几个与器官排斥有关的基因。他们还删除了另一个基因，以防止猪的心脏组织过多地生长。 罗伯特-蒙哥马利博士曾在纽约市的纽约大学朗格尼健康中心领导过类似的实验。他告诉美联社，对于猪的器官能存活多久，以及如何最好地对它们进行基因改变，科学家们仍有很多东西需要学习。他说：“我认为不同的器官将需要不同的基因修改。” 器官捐赠组织估计，目前约有11万名美国人在等待器官移植。而每年有超过6000名患者在获得器官之前死亡，organdonor.gov报道。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 release [rɪˈliːs] v.公开；放出 rejection [rɪ'dʒekʃ(ə)n] n. 拒斥；排斥 transplant [trænsˈplɑːnt] n.移植 mark [mɑːk]v.标志 kidney [ˈkɪdni] n.肾脏 vessel [ˈvesl] n.血管 attach [əˈtætʃ] v.把……固定 removal [rɪˈmuːvl] n. 去除 organ [ˈɔːɡən] n. 器官 genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] adj.遗传的 donate [dəʊˈneɪt] v.捐赠 estimate [ˈestɪmət] v.估计；估算 【知识拓展】 实验面临的挑战 · 免疫排斥反应：尽管通过基因编辑等手段减少免疫排斥，但仍存在急性 T 细胞介导的排斥反应等问题，如在一些案例中术后患者出现肌酐升高、发热等排斥反应症状。 · 病毒跨物种传播：猪源性病原体跨物种传播的安全性问题有待进一步研究和解决，这是异种移植面临的重要课题之一。 · 心血管问题：终末期肾病患者常合并严重心血管疾病，会增加手术风险和影响患者预后，如首例猪肾移植活体患者最终死于心脏病。 【词汇延伸】 unmitigated 英 /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/；美 /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/ adj.十足的，完全的（含贬义） 综合实战演练 （一） （2025·八省联考真题） （2025·八省联考真题）Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域，以及进行锻炼以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究更进一步，找到了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间)”可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries(测试后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知，实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test(两天后，所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实：在艰苦的锻炼过程中或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐)”可知，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D项。 ( 1.CD篇说明文分类 1）介绍说明类 ----新产品，新技术：功能，用途，材料，优缺点，市场前景等 ----知识科普：发展，各时期或各方面特性 文章特点： ----开门见山，直奔主题 ----段落首尾句确定大意 ----主旨大意、写作意图、最佳标题等关注首尾段高频复现内容 ----作者客观介绍 2）实验研究类 ----实验或调查的过程进展：（引出话题）---实验/调查结果--- 研究的起因或问题现状--- 研究对象，方法，实验过程，突破，结论等--- 重述成果，后续研究方向，现实运用，未来期望等 文章特点： ---研究结果即主旨大意 ---段落行文逻辑常见：giving examples;  making comparisons;  listing numbers/figures/statistics;  giving a definition;  cause and effect... ---文章基调：客观(objective)=批判性思维（critical thinking） 2.科普类文章语言特点： 科技英语属于专业英语的范畴，其特点为专业术语多、长难句量大。 1.严谨性： may, might, can, be likely to, tend to,  to some extent/degree(在一定程度上） 因为结果是是很多因素（factor）共同作用的结果。 2.重要术语给出解释或定义 Ultra-processed foods range from the sweets that turn your tongue blue to those healthier-sounding canned soups packe with artificial(人工）flavours. 3.言语的权威性 recently published research (“发表”了才得到了权威机构的认可，“最近”暗含了之前研究或认知不足） “...,” explained/said Emeritus Professor Heinz Ruther, the principal investigator at the Zamani Project.(某人说的后面通常是同位语，只是说明这个人很厉害，说的话有分量。 科学的实验设计及其过程更是有说服力的手段。 researchers analysed 24-hour dietary records of nearly 105,000adults. Participants recorded what they ate from a list of 3,300 food items. Those items were later divided inito different groups based on the degree which they were processed. 3 .常见题干及选项（务必背会题干和选项中的高频词） What problem does the first paragraph focus on? What does the new research focus on? What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?  What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude? How did Stroud conduct his research? How was the study conducted? What do data/numbers/figures/statistics published in 2023 suggest? What conclusion can be drawn from the study? What is the significance of the research finding? What will Stroud probably do in the future? 题干举例 1.How was the study conducted?    conduct a research进行一项研究 A. By comparing different primates. compare 对比comparison B. By observing bonobos’ interactions.           observe      观察 C. By listing group members’ motivations.  list 列清单 D. By analysing statistics of previous studies.     analyse statistics 分析数据 2. How does Otten find(认为) the study? A. Forward-looking（有远见的；有预见的）. B. Groundbreaking （开拓性的；独创性的） C. Controversial   （引起争论的；有争议的debatable） D. One-sided （片面的） 3. Why is Sth mentioned in Paragraph 3 ? A. To present（呈现） a fact. （呈现事实） B. To illustrate（阐明） a view. （阐明观点） C. To introduce a topic. （引出话题） D. To draw a conclusion. （得出结论） 4.How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By explaining a concept. D. By citing experts’ words.                                                            cite/quote ：V.引用 5.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Conclusions from the experiment. B. Insights into dogs’ experiences. (对......的深入了解） C. Expectations for future studies. D. Applications of the discovery. E.Limitation(局限性,不足） F:Follow-up study（后续研究） G:Suggestion 6.What is Dr Katovich’s conclusion based on? A. Previous studies.             B. Relevant data. C. Reasonable prediction.             D. Experiment results. 7.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins? A. By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features.    analyze B. By recording parent-child interaction frequency.    record C. By measuring the distance between parent and child.  measure D. By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.  examine 8.What is the carmakers’ attitude towards the future of EV industry? A. Dissatisfied.   B. Dismissive（轻视的）.    C. Cautious（谨慎的）.     D. Casual（满不在乎的） 9.What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving B. Tolerant（能容忍的）. C. Objective. D. Reserved（保留的）.reserve judgment 保留意见，保留看法 10.What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research? A. Supportive.B. Dismissive.C. Opposed.D. Impartial（公正的；不偏不倚的）. 11.What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Favorable. D. Dismissive.  What is the author’s attitude towards the CORSIA?  A. Disapproving. B. Confused. C. Favorable. D. Unconcerned（漠不关心的）.  12.What’s the author’s attitude towards background spending? A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Critical（批判的）. D. Unclear. 5. 4.熟谙选项设置规律，比对原文，去伪存真。 1）正确选项：---信息精简   ---归纳概括 ---相互释义 2）干扰选项：---张冠李戴，拼接信息           ---偷梁换柱，替换信息 ---以偏概全，漏失信息 ---无中生有，想当然 ) ( stimulate v 刺激 maximize v 使最大化 biochemical n 生物化学物质 & adj 生物化学的 spatial adj 空间的 subject n 接受试验者 circuit training 循环训练（轮番做不同 的体育运动，每种只做很短时间） brainwave n 脑电波； consistent adj 稳定发展的，持续稳定的 tax v 使负重担，使伤脑筋； boost n 增长，帮助 sharpen v 使更敏锐，提高 ) 全文翻译 想学习一门新语言，或者在大学考试中拿 A 吗？先前的研究表明，运动有助于刺激大脑中负责将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域。一项新研究进一步深入探讨了这一课题，并发现了运动助力学习效果最大化的最佳时机。 基于过去的研究 —— 运动能够释放改善心理功能的生物化学物质，拉德堡德大学和爱丁堡大学的科学家开展了一项研究，以确定运动在何时对学习最为有益。 研究参与者为 72 名健康的成年男女。他们首先要进行一项电脑测试，该测试考验他们的视觉和空间学习能力。测试结束后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片，不过其中三分之二的人还进行了运动。在这些运动者中，有一半人在测试结束后立即骑健身自行车进行 35 分钟的循环训练。另一半人同样进行了此项运动，但却是在测试结束 4 小时之后。 两天后，所有参与者回到实验室进行回忆测试，同时他们连接上磁共振成像（MRI）机器，以评估他们的大脑活动。在完成电脑测试 4 小时后进行运动的参与者，能够最为准确地回忆起所学内容。他们的脑电波也显示出更为稳定的活动水平，这表明他们的大脑在回忆所学内容时负担较小。 根据这项研究，为提高学习效果，运动的最佳时间是在学习 4 小时之后。但这是为什么呢？这是研究人员尚未解答的问题之一。另一个悬而未决的问题是，何种运动强度最有助于提高学习效果。我跑过足够多的马拉松，足以证明在高强度锻炼期间或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐。但研究人员指出，轻度锻炼可能无法为大脑提供足够的生物化学刺激来提升学习效果。 （二） （24-25高二上·内蒙古包头·期末）Our hair is our crown. We wear it strong and proud. Whether it is long, short, straight, curly, or wavy, we all have one thing on our minds — how to care for it. Aloe Vera (芦荟) ● Hair growth: Aloe vera can act as a natural conditioner as well as aid in balancing the pH level of your hair. All that is needed is to apply the aloe vera gel to your scalp (头皮) and hair. ● Strengthens hair: It contains vitamins C, A, and E that help in strengthening hair follicles. ● Helps itchy (痒的) scalp: Aloe vera has been backed up by dermatologists to have components that help deal with itchy scalp. Rosemary Although it is commonly used to spice up a variety of dishes, this plant is also suitable for hair treatment. It contains carnosic acid that aids in the rejuvenation of nerves in the scalp. It also has other benefits like: ● Hair shine ● Boosts Hair Growth ● Acts as hair cleanser: Rosemary has antibacterial components that make it perfect for scalp cleansing. Hibiscus Hibiscus, or some parts of west Africa like to call it “Zobo leaves”, helps with numerous health conditions. But what most of us don’t know is that it works just as well for hair. ● Dandruff (头皮屑) treatment ● Thickens hair and gives volume ● Stops hair loss ● Prevents split ends The grounds of hibiscus leave are usually mixed with other products before being massaged into the hair. It is not a leave-in mixture and should be washed off with a mild shampoo after use. Moringa ● Boosts hair Growth: Moringa contains all the right minerals to aid hair growth. It has vitamin B that aid in the production of red blood cell that carry oxygen to the hair and scalp. ● Prevents dandruff and itchy scalp: Pterygospermin is an antibacterial and antifungal component that helps with things like dandruff. ● Prevents hair loss ● Enhances thickness 1．Which is rich in vitamins and can be used to condition the hair? A．Aloe Vera. B．Rosemary. C．Hibiscus. D．Moringa. 2．What do Hibiscus and Moringa have in common? A．Make the hair more shiny. B．Help itchy scalp. C．Better scalp cleaning. D．Enhance thickness. 3．Which section of the website is the article most likely to appear? A．Science and technology. B．Education. C．Health. D．News report. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种植物对头发护理的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据Aloe Vera效果第一点中“Aloe vera can act as a natural conditioner as well as aid in balancing the pH level of your hair. (芦荟既可以充当天然护发素，又有助于平衡头发的酸碱度)”和第二点中“It contains vitamins C, A, and E that help in strengthening hair follicles. (它含有维生素C、维生素A和维生素E，这些维生素有助于强化毛囊)”可知，芦荟富含维生素，可以作为天然护发素。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Hibiscus效果第二点“Thickens hair and gives volume (使头发变浓密，增加发量)”和Moringa效果第四点“Enhances thickness (让头发更浓密)”可知，木槿和辣木共同的特点是使头发变浓密。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Whether it is long, short, straight, curly, or wavy, we all have one thing on our minds — how to care for it. (无论头发是长是短、是直是卷，还是呈波浪状，我们心里都惦记着同一件事——如何护理它)”可知，文章主要介绍了四种植物对头发护理的作用，包括促进头发生长、去屑、防止脱发等，这些都与健康相关。所以文章最有可能出现在网页的健康板块。故选C项。 （三） （24-25高二上·广西贵港·期末）“We were amazed at what we were seeing on a hot summer’s day, when a group of people with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) began rock climbing on the Carderock Cliffs of Maryland. Yes, rock climbing! It’s all part of their therapy,” says Molly Cupka, the no-nonsense instructor and cheerleader for this community of courageous climbers. She started this program, called Up ENDing Parkinson’s, as a non-profit 12 years ago. There’s no cure for Parkinson’s disease, which usually affects mobility, coordination, balance, and even speech. Jon Lessin was diagnosed (诊断) in 2003. He was once an all-around athlete. About 12 years ago, he retired because of Parkinson’s disease. It was Lessin who first had that big idea to use rock climbing as a therapy for Parkinson’s disease. “I wanted to do big-movement exercise,” he said. “And I found Molly Cupka at this gym.” Lessin suggested the idea to Molly Cupka, who runs the Sportrock Climbing Centers in Alexandria, Virginia. She thought it was worth a try, given the sport requires participants to plan ahead, and to know where to position their hands and feet. “I wish I could go into the brain and see what’s happening while people climb,” Molly Cupka said. There’s no evidence that climbing slows the progress of Parkinson’s disease, but Molly Cupka joined forces with Marymount University last year to study patients climbing for the first time. “We have people literally walking and carrying weights, you know, walking and looking, multitasking (同时处理多项任务) ,” she said. The study found that, in so many words, if you climb, you may walk better. Marymount University’s Center for Optimal Aging studies on physical and psychosocial effects of rock climbing on individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Mark de Mulder, a musician and former director of the National Geospatial Program, doesn’t need a study to prove what climbing does for him. “It allows me to say, ‘All right, take that, Parkinson’s! I’m doing this! ‘ It just makes me feel stronger, and I’m fighting it. I’m doing something about it.” Many of the climbers have become friends who climb together several times a week, and they’ve become a support group, Parkinson’s Pals, who encourage each other. 1．How do people feel when seeing those with Parkinson’s disease rock climbing? A．Surprised. B．Confused. C．Annoyed. D．Embarrassed. 2．Why did Molly Cupka decide to try rock climbing therapy? A．It’s a low-impact exercise. B．It involves multitasking. C．It requires no planning. D．It’s an individual activity. 3．What did the study reveal about rock climbing to people with Parkinson’s disease? A．It enriches their social life. B．It completely cures the disease. C．It improves their walking ability. D．It slows the progress of the disease. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Rock Climbing as a Sport B．Living with Parkinson’s Disease C．The Impact of Exercise on Parkinson’s Disease D．Fighting Parkinson’s Disease with Rock Climbing 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了用攀岩疗法帮助帕金森病患者的情况。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中 ““We were amazed at what we were seeing on a hot summer’s day, when a group of people with Parkinson’s disease began rock climbing on the Carderock Cliffs of Maryland. Yes, rock climbing! It’s all part of their therapy,” says Molly Cupka, the no-nonsense instructor and cheerleader for this community of courageous climbers. (“在一个炎热的夏日，当我们看到一群人在马里兰州的卡德洛克悬崖上攀岩时，我们惊讶不已。这些人都患有帕金森病。没错，就是攀岩！这是他们治疗的一部分，”莫莉·库普卡说道，她是这个勇敢攀岩者社区的务实导师和拉拉队长。)”可知，当看到一群帕金森病患者进行攀岩时，人们感到很惊讶。故选 A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“She thought it was worth a try, given the sport requires participants to plan ahead, and to know where to position their hands and feet. “I wish I could go into the brain and see what’s happening while people climb,” Molly Cupka said. (她认为这值得一试，因为这项运动要求参与者提前规划，并知道如何放置手脚。“我希望我能进入人们的大脑，看看他们在攀岩时发生了什么，”莫莉·库普卡说。)”以及第四段中““We have people literally walking and carrying weights, you know, walking and looking, multitasking,” she said. (“我们的人实际上是在走路、举重、走路、观察，同时处理多项任务，”她说。)”可知，攀岩这项运动需要参与者提前计划，知道手脚的位置，并且在过程中需要同时处理多项任务，所以Molly Cupka 认为值得一试。故选 B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段 中“The study found that, in so many words, if you climb, you may walk better. (研究发现，简而言之，如果你攀岩，你可能会走得更好。)”可知，研究发现对于帕金森病患者来说，攀岩可以改善他们的行走能力。故选 C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段““We were amazed at what we were seeing on a hot summer’s day, when a group of people with Parkinson’s disease began rock climbing on the Carderock Cliffs of Maryland. Yes, rock climbing! It’s all part of their therapy,” says Molly Cupka, the no-nonsense instructor and cheerleader for this community of courageous climbers. She started this program, called Up ENDing Parkinson’s, as a non-profit 12 years ago. (“在一个炎热的夏日，当我们看到一群人在马里兰州的卡德洛克悬崖上攀岩时，我们惊讶不已。这些人都患有帕金森病。没错，就是攀岩！这是他们治疗的一部分，”莫莉·库普卡说道，她是这个勇敢攀岩者社区的务实导师和拉拉队长。12年前，她创立了名为“终结帕金森”的非营利项目。)”可知，文章主要讲述了通过攀岩这种疗法来帮助帕金森病患者，尽管没有证据表明攀岩能减缓疾病进展，但研究发现它能改善患者的行走能力，并且患者们还互相鼓励，一起攀岩，所以“Fighting Parkinson’s Disease with Rock Climbing (用攀岩对抗帕金森病)”作为标题最合适。故选 D。 （四） （24-25高二上·江西·期末）In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities. That thinking started in the 1970s, when the government built gyms in even the smallest towns. Now, there are about 30,000 sports facilities across the country. Walkways and bike paths snake through the cities. Public swimming pools are everywhere. Here you can just step out of your door and do sports. Finns do just that. Half of women and a third of men bike to work. About a fifth of the country belongs to sports clubs. Some people even play sports at work. For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street. It’s one of the most popular team sports in the country, along with floor ball and Finnish baseball. A nearby chocolate factory has a gym and offers aerobics classes. “Employers started to encourage sports participation about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä. “Nowadays, 90% of employers support their employees’ physical activities in some way. Each year, they spend an average of about $220 per employee for physical activities.” One reason why employers tend to support their employees’ physical activities is due to a tax break. Businesses can deduct money spent on employees’ physical well-being. “But there’s something else. We have a lot of research showing that spending money on employees’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas. “Because healthy employees do better work. They also don’t have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty which is actually even more important than the health side.” Physically active people also save the health care system a lot of money. Data from the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs &. Health shows that people who bike and walk save the health care system as much as $5.5 billion each year. 1．Why are the scientists at the University of Jyväskylä mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To tell the popularity of a unique sport. B．To describe the process of an experiment. C．To show the easy access to sports facilities. D．To call for more public participation in sports. 2．When did the forestry industry start to encourage sports participation? A．About 50 years ago. B．About 60 years ago. C．About 80 years ago. D．About 100 years ago. 3．What does Hanna Vehmas say about the effort for employees’ physical well-being? A．It is a waste of money. B．It brings in various benefits. C．It takes too much time. D．It cuts workers’ productivity. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Can Finns Make Sports Part of Everyday Life? B．Why Are There So Many Sports Facilities Across Finland? C．Why Has Finland Become the Healthiest Country in the World? D．How Can Employers in Finland Be Encouraged to Spend on Sports? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了芬兰能够实现全民运动的原因：政府的直接投入及税收减免、雇主的响应及鼓励。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here you can just step out of your door and do sports.(在这里，走出家门你就可以运动)”和第二段“Finns do just that. Half of women and a third of men bike to work. About a fifth of the country belongs to sports clubs. Some people even play sports at work. For example, every Wednesday morning, a group of scientists at the University of Jyväskylä leave their desks to play “futsal”, an indoor form of soccer, in a gym across the street.(芬兰人就是这么做的。一半的女性和三分之一的男性骑自行车上班。全国大约有五分之一的人参加体育俱乐部。有些人甚至在工作时做运动。例如，每周三早上，Jyväskylä大学的一群科学家离开办公桌，在街对面的体育馆里玩“五人制足球”，这是一种室内足球)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明在芬兰运动设施很普及。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““Employers started to encourage sports participation about a century ago in the forestry industry,” says Hanna Vehmas, a sports scientist at the University of Jyväskylä.(“大约一个世纪前，林业行业的雇主就开始鼓励员工参加体育运动，”Jyväskylä大学的体育科学家Hanna Vehmas表示)”可知，林业大约100年前开始鼓励体育参与。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段““But there’s something else. We have a lot of research showing that spending money on employees’ well-being will bring back as much as six times the money spent,” says Vehmas. “Because healthy employees do better work. They also don’t have as many sick days. And staying fit, especially by playing sports together, could help build company loyalty which is actually even more important than the health side.”(“但是还有别的事情。我们有很多研究表明，把钱花在员工的福利上，能带来6倍的回报。”“因为健康的员工工作得更好。他们也没有那么多病假。保持健康，尤其是一起运动，可以帮助建立公司忠诚度，这实际上比健康更重要。”)”可知，Hanna Vehmas认为对员工身体健康的努力可以带来各种好处。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“In Finland, it’s a basic duty for the government to provide the public with sporting possibilities. That thinking started in the 1970s, when the government built gyms in even the smallest towns. Now, there are about 30,000 sports facilities across the country. Walkways and bike paths snake through the cities. Public swimming pools are everywhere. Here you can just step out of your door and do sports.(在芬兰，政府的基本职责是为公众提供体育活动的可能性。这种想法始于20世纪70年代，当时政府甚至在最小的城镇都修建了健身房。现在，全国大约有3万个体育设施。人行道和自行车道蜿蜒穿过城市。公共游泳池随处可见。在这里，你走出家门就可以做运动)”可知，文章主要分析了芬兰能够实现全民运动的原因：政府的直接投入及税收减免、雇主的响应及鼓励。因此A选项“芬兰人如何让体育成为日常生活的一部分？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （五） （24-25高二上·江苏南通·期末）Cleaning your hands with soap and water washes away bacteria. But the hot-air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to blow microbes (微生物) right back onto clean skin. That’s what 16-year-old Zita Nguyen found by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) people’s freshly washed and dried hands. Water going through toilets in public restrooms results in the bacteria from human wastes entering the air. That same air is drawn into those wall-mounted electric hand dryers. These machines provide a nice warm home in which microbes can grow well, and cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult, Zita says. “Freshly washed hands are getting dirtied with the bacteria that grow inside these machines. ” she adds. The idea for her project came from the pandemic (流行病). People stayed at least one meter away from each other to limit the spread of the pandemic. Zita wanted to explore that idea with hand dryers. Would drying hands farther away from the hot-air dryer lessen the number of bacteria that fall back onto the skin? The teen had four people wash and dry their hands in the restrooms. The participants washed with soap and water. After each washing, they dried their hands using one of three different methods. In some trials, they simply used paper towels. In the others, they used an electric hand dryer. Sometimes, they held their hands close to the machine, about 13 centimeters below it. At other times, they held their hands about 30 centimeters below the dryer. Each hand-drying condition was performed 20 times. Right after this drying, Zita swabbed their hands for bacteria. Then she placed these swabs on Petri dishes for three days in suitable growing conditions. Afterward, all the Petri dishes were covered with bacteria. Fewer than 50 bacterial colonies (菌落), on average, turned up in each dish exposed to swabs from hands dried with paper towels or from hands held farther from the electric dryers. In contrast, more than 130 colonies, on average, grew in Petri dishes from hands held close to the hot-air dryers. Zita was amazed by all the microbes in these dishes and realized they represented what covered people’s hands after using a hot-air dryer. 1．What did Zita Nguyen discover in her research? A．Public restrooms are full of bacteria in the air. B．Swabbing freshly washed hands is unnecessary. C．Hand dryers can infect clean hands with bacteria. D．Cleaning the inside of hot-air hand dryers is hard. 2．What was the inspiration for Zita’s project? A．Her concern over the damage of bacteria to skins. B．Safety distance for people during the pandemic. C．Her curiosity about the structure of hand dryers. D．The medicine of limiting the spread of the pandemic. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The process of conducting the experiment. B．The reason for hand-dryers having bacteria. C．The desire for better drying hands machines. D．The result of drying hands with paper towels. 4．The number of bacterial colonies in the dishes is related to ________. A．the application of hand dryers B．the lasting time of swabbing hands C．the growing conditions for bacteria D．the functions of hot-air hand dryers 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。16岁的Zita Nguyen通过实验发现，公共卫生间里的热风干手器可能将空气中的细菌重新吹到刚洗过的手上，而使用纸巾或远离干手器干燥则能减少这种细菌再污染的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“But the hot-air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to blow microbes (微生物) right back onto clean skin. That’s what 16-year-old Zita Nguyen found by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) people’s freshly washed and dried hands. (但是，在许多公共卫生间发现的热风干手器似乎可以将微生物吹回干净的皮肤上。这就是16岁的Zita Nguyen通过擦拭人们刚洗过和擦干的手而发现的。)”可知，Zita Nguyen在她的研究中发现公共卫生间里的热风干手器会把微生物吹到刚洗干净的手上，即干手器会让干净的手感染细菌。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The idea for her project came from the pandemic (流行病). People stayed at least one meter away from each other to limit the spread of the pandemic. Zita wanted to explore that idea with hand dryers. Would drying hands farther away from the hot-air dryer lessen the number of bacteria that fall back onto the skin? (她的项目灵感来自疫情。人们彼此保持至少一米的距离，以限制疫情的传播。Zita想用干手器来探索这个想法。在离热风干手器更远的地方把手擦干会减少掉回皮肤上的细菌数量吗？)”可知，她的项目灵感来自于疫情期间人们为了限制疫情传播保持至少一米的安全距离。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The teen had four people wash and dry their hands in the restrooms. The participants washed with soap and water. After each washing, they dried their hands using one of three different methods. In some trials, they simply used paper towels. In the others, they used an electric hand dryer. Sometimes, they held their hands close to the machine, about 13 centimeters below it. At other times, they held their hands about 30 centimeters below the dryer. Each hand-drying condition was performed 20 times. Right after this drying, Zita swabbed their hands for bacteria. Then she placed these swabs on Petri dishes for three days in suitable growing conditions. (这名青少年让四个人在卫生间洗手并擦干。参与者用肥皂和水清洗。每次洗手后，他们都会用三种不同的方法之一擦干手。在一些试验中，他们只是使用纸巾。在其他实验中，他们使用了热风干手器。有时，他们把手靠近机器，在机器下方约13厘米处。其他时候，他们把手放在烘干机下方约30厘米处。每种手部干燥条件进行20次。干燥后，Zita立即用拭子擦拭他们的手上是否有细菌。然后，她将这些拭子放在培养皿上，在合适的生长条件下放置了三天。)”可知，本段详细描述了Zita让四个人在卫生间洗手并采用不同方式擦干手，然后用拭子擦拭手上的细菌，最后将拭子放在培养皿中培养的过程，即进行实验的过程。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Fewer than 50 bacterial colonies (菌落), on average, turned up in each dish exposed to swabs from hands dried with paper towels or from hands held farther from the electric dryers. In contrast, more than 130 colonies, on average, grew in Petri dishes from hands held close to the hot-air dryers. (平均而言，每个接触过纸巾擦干的手或离热风干手器更远的手的拭子的盘子里出现的细菌菌落不到50个。相比之下，平均有130多个菌落在靠近热风干手器的培养皿中生长。)”可知，培养皿中细菌菌落的数量与使用干手器的方式（离干手器的距离）有关，也就是与干手器的使用有关。故选A。 （六） （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）The 20-Minute Rule to Accomplish Any Task Do you often struggle to begin tasks on schedule and find excuses to delay the start time? Do you choose to do something else instead of focusing on tasks that need immediate attention? 1 The basic idea is that if you have a task you don’t want to do, tell yourself you only need to do it for 20 minutes. The 20-minute rule is very simple. Next time you dread doing something, set a timer for 20 minutes, and start working on whatever you’ve been putting off. When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in. 2 After a few cycles of this, you’ll find you’ve built up strength and can keep working on the task you previously dreaded. The 20-minute rule is designed to help you start developing new emotions in connection with a task. The thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. 3 Often, once you set out, it becomes easier to continue, and you may find yourself willing to work beyond the initial 20 minutes. If you used the 20-minute rule to start studying for your test, after a few rotations (轮换) of the timer you would discover the task isn’t as painful as you thought. You may even start to enjoy it! 4 Try the 15-minute rule, the 10-minute rule, or the 5-minute rule. I’ve even used the 30-second rule. That’s right, 30 seconds. Start small. Prove to yourself that you will not experience a high level of discomfort from doing the task you set out to do. Begin to rewrite the emotions you anticipate in relation to a certain task. The reasons behind delay are primarily fear and the anticipation of pain. 5 Just set a timer, and get started. A．It’s meant to help you get started. B．But if the twenty-minute rule fails for you? C．Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once. D．Face your fears bravely and tackle the entire task in one go. E．Consider the “20-minute rule” to motivate yourself to start. F．Reset the timer when it goes off and return to your original task. G．If the timer goes off and you’re still uninterested, switch tasks permanently. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过采用20分钟规则来克服拖延症，有效启动并完成任务的策略与方法。 1．根据上文的“Do you often struggle to begin tasks on schedule and find excuses to delay the start time? Do you choose to do something else instead of focusing on tasks that need immediate attention?(你是否经常难以按时开始任务，并找借口推迟开始时间？你是否会转而选择做其他事情，而不是专注于那些需要立即处理的任务？)”可知，本文使用两个问题引出要介绍的话题，结合下文的“The basic idea is that if you have a task you don’t want to do, tell yourself you only need to do it for 20 minutes.(基本的想法是，如果你有一个不想做的任务，告诉自己你只需要做20分钟。)”可知，下文是对此空内容的进一步解释，所以，此空讲述的内容应是引出下文阐述的内容，E选项“Consider the “20-minute rule” to motivate yourself to start.(考虑使用“20分钟规则”来激励自己开始任务。)”中的“20-minute rule”与空后的“The basic idea”内容一致。故选E项。 2．根据上文的“The 20-minute rule is very simple.(“20分钟规则”很简单。)”可知，下文讲述的是“20分钟规则”的操作方法，结合空前的“When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in.(当定时器响起时，重置它并休息20分钟，转而专注于另一个任务或者去做你更感兴趣的事情。)”以及下文的“After a few cycles of this, you’ll find you’ve built up strength and can keep working on the task you previously dreaded.(经过几个这样的循环后，你会发现自己的力量增强了，能够继续处理之前害怕的任务。)”可知，此空应是循环步骤中的最后一个环节，F选项“Reset the timer when it goes off and return to your original task.(当定时器响起时，重置它并返回到你的原始任务。)”讲述的内容为“20分钟规则”的操作过程中的最后一个环节，且下文的内容与此空内容衔接，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据空格位于段尾可知，此处是对上文内容的进一步阐述，结合上文的“The 20-minute rule is designed to help you start developing new emotions in connection with a task. The thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all.(“20分钟规”旨在帮助你开始培养与任务相关的新情绪。实际上，这个规则的目的并不是真的要完成工作。)”可知，这项规则不是帮助完成工作，由此可推断，此空进一步讲述这项规则的真正目的是什么，A选项“It’s meant to help you get started.(它的目的是帮助你开始。)”可知，“20分钟规”则的主要目的是帮助你开始工作，而非完成整个任务，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据上文的“If you used the 20-minute rule to start studying for your test, after a few rotations (轮换) of the timer you would discover the task isn’t as painful as you thought. You may even start to enjoy it!(如果你使用20分钟规则开始为考试复习，经过几次定时器的轮换后，你会发现这个任务并不像你想象的那么痛苦。你甚至可能开始享受它！)”可知，“20分钟规”起作用后，你会发现这个任务并不像你想象的那么痛苦，甚至会享受它，结合下文的“Try the 15-minute rule, the 10-minute rule, or the 5-minute rule. I’ve even used the 30-second rule. That’s right, 30 seconds.(尝试15分钟规则、10分钟规则或5分钟规则。我甚至使用过30秒规则。没错，就是30秒。)”可知，此处作者建议尝试其它的时间规则，由此可推断，此空应与空前内容为转折关系，从而引出下文，B选项“But if the twenty-minute rule fails for you?(但是如果“20分钟规”对你不起作用呢？)”与空前的内容为转折关系，且引出下文的其它时间规则，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文的“The reasons behind delay are primarily fear and the anticipation of pain.(拖延背后的原因主要是恐惧和对痛苦的预期。)”以及下文的“Just set a timer, and get started.(只需设置一个定时器，然后开始行动。)”可知，克服拖延的原因主要是恐惧和对痛苦的预期，并建议设定一个定时器然后开始工作，C选项“Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once.(无论你害怕什么，你都不必一次性完成所有。)”中的fear与上文的fear为词汇重现，且进一步对上文内容进行解释，从而引出下文的建议，符合语境。故选C项。 （七） 完形填空 （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·阶段练习）I have been in love with Yoga since I joined the Yoga club at university. The practice of Yoga can lead to a(n) 1 between mind and body. In the training, there is a 2 position that has been one of my favorite poses. Each time I participate in this practice, I feel a deep sense of 3 with all those in the group. Instead of standing alone, the students stand in a 4 close enough for us to hold hands. Each of us gives and 5 trust and support from one to another. As a unit we move our 6 to one foot, resting the other foot against our ankle or our leg muscle. Then slowly we 7 the hand position so that we are palm to palm (掌心相对). We 8 our arms up and our hands form a shape of crown (王冠) above our heads. A slight 9 may start at first due to losing the balance, but soon we realize we have the 10 of each person in the circle, trusting them to protect us from 11 . We feel a sense of security, closing our eyes knowing we are 12 . In time we return to standing on two feet before changing to 13 on the other foot. As we finish, there is a moment of silence for us to 14 absorb the love and support we have received. Balance with support makes standing together 15 in community. So much better than standing alone. 1．A．competition B．conflict C．harmony D．adjustment 2．A．lying B．standing C．jumping D．sliding 3．A．pride B．belonging C．patience D．connection 4．A．circle B．line C．crowd D．corner 5．A．receives B．offers C．assumes D．affords 6．A．pain B．attention C．weight D．direction 7．A．improve B．change C．locate D．challenge 8．A．tighten B．loose C．wave D．raise 9．A．shake B．touch C．hug D．noise 10．A．honor B．support C．praise D．respect 11．A．failing B．releasing C．injuring D．falling 12．A．safe B．confident C．reliable D．independent 13．A．struggling B．dancing C．skating D．balancing 14．A．secretly B．individually C．eventually D．purposely 15．A．popular B．unique C．strong D．effective 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瑜伽练习带来的身心和谐与团队支持。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：瑜伽的练习可以使身心达到和谐。A. competition竞争；B. conflict冲突；C. harmony和谐；D. adjustment调整。根据后文“between mind and body”可知，瑜伽可以使身心达到和谐。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在训练中，有一个站立姿势是我最喜欢的姿势之一。A. lying躺；B. standing站立；C. jumping跳跃；D. sliding滑行。根据后文“Instead of standing alone, the students stand in”可知，此处指站立姿势。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次我参加这项练习，我都感到与小组里的每个人都有一种深深的联系。A. pride骄傲；B. belonging归属感；C. patience耐心；D. connection联系。根据后文“with all those in the group”可知，此处指与小组里的每个人都有一种深深的联系。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学员们不是独自站立，而是站成一个圈，彼此靠得足够近，可以手拉手。A. circle圈；B. line线；C. crowd人群；D. corner角落。根据后文“each person in the circle”可知，此处指站成一个圈。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都给予和得到相互之间的信任和支持。A. receives收到，得到；B. offers提供；C. assumes假定；D. affords负担得起。根据后文“trust and support from one to another”可知，此处指给予和得到相互之间的信任和支持。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个整体，我们把身体的重量移到一只脚上，另一只脚靠在我们的脚踝或腿肌肉上。A. pain疼痛；B. attention注意力；C. weight重量；D. direction方向。根据后文“to one foot, resting the other foot against our ankle or our leg muscle”可知，此处指把身体的重量移到一只脚上。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们改变手的位置，使掌心相对。A. improve提高；B. change改变；C. locate定位；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the hand position so that we are palm to palm”可知，此处指改变手的位置。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们举起双臂，双手在我们头上形成一个王冠的形状。A. tighten收紧；B. loose松开；C. wave挥手；D. raise举起。根据后文“our arms up”可知，此处指举起双臂。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始可能会因为失去平衡而有点摇晃，但很快我们就意识到，在这个圈子里，我们每个人都有彼此的支持，相信他们会保护我们免受摔倒的伤害。A. shake摇晃；B. touch触摸；C. hug拥抱；D. noise噪音。根据后文“due to losing the balance”可知，此处指因为失去平衡而有点摇晃。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始可能会因为失去平衡而有点摇晃，但很快我们就意识到，在这个圈子里，我们每个人都有彼此的支持，相信他们会保护我们免受摔倒的伤害。A. honor荣誉；B. support支持；C. praise赞扬；D. respect尊重。根据后文“trusting them to protect us”可知，此处指我们每个人都有彼此的支持。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始可能会因为失去平衡而有点摇晃，但很快我们就意识到，在这个圈子里，我们每个人都有彼此的支持，相信他们会保护我们免受摔倒的伤害。A. failing失败；B. releasing释放；C. injuring受伤；D. falling摔倒。根据上文“due to losing the balance”可知，此处指免受摔倒的伤害。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们感到一种安全感，闭上眼睛，知道自己很安全。A. safe安全的；B. confident自信的；C. reliable可靠的；D. independent独立的。根据前文“trusting them to protect us”可知，此处指知道自己很安全。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们会回到双脚站立的状态，然后再换成用另一只脚保持平衡。A. struggling挣扎；B. dancing跳舞；C. skating滑冰；D. balancing平衡。根据后文“on the other foot”可知，此处指用另一只脚保持平衡。故选D。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们结束时，我们会有一刻的沉默，以便我们能够独自吸收我们所接受的爱和支持。A. secretly秘密地；B. individually独自地；C. eventually最终；D. purposely故意地。根据前文“there is a moment of silence for us”和后文“absorb the love and support we have received”可知，此处指大家沉默地独自吸收所接受的爱和支持。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了支持，平衡使我们在社区中团结起来变得坚强。A. popular流行的；B. unique独特的；C. strong强壮的，坚强的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“Balance with support makes standing together”可知，有了支持，平衡使我们在社区中团结起来变得坚强。故选C。 （八） 语法填空 （24-25高二上·河北保定·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, “premade food(预制菜) in schools” 36 (lead) to extensive debates. 37 shift from restaurant to family dining tables in the past two years, has rapidly brought premade food to the mass consumer market. The issue initially surfaced when videos were posted by several parents of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi 38 (express) their concerns about the slow delivery and poor quality of the meals 39 (provide) by the local central kitchen to students. Parents were worried that the meal distribution from the central kitchen might include premade food. 40 some parents began questioning was the source of school meals. They were anxious about it, a few of 41 even brought their children’s lunches to the school gates. The doubts have also raised 42 (concern) about the reliability of meal distribution by central kitchens in primary and secondary schools. 43 (consequent), many people are appealing 44 schools to return to running their own cafeterias. Some parents express their opposition to premade food in schools and firmly suggest that children 45 (guarantee) freshly cooked and reliable lunches. Ju Shang, the deputy secretary of Jiangsu Province Consumer Council emphasized that elementary and middle school students have the same rights to be informed and make choices. 【答案】 1．has led 1．A 3．to express 4．provided 5．What 6．whom 7．concerns 8．Consequently 9．to 10．should be guaranteed/be guaranteed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述预制菜进入学校引发争议，家长担忧其质量和安全性，呼吁学校恢复自营食堂，确保学生午餐的新鲜可靠。 1．考查动词时态。句意：最近，“学校预制菜”引发了广泛的争论。根据时间状语Recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“premade food(预制菜)”为单数，助动词应用has。故填has led。 2．考查冠词。句意：在过去两年里，从餐馆到家庭餐桌的转变，迅速使预制菜进入大众消费市场。此处表示“一种从餐馆到家庭餐桌的转变”，shift为可数名词，此处表示泛指，同时该单词首字母为辅音音素，故用不定冠词a，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填A。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个问题最初是由江西几位中小学生的家长上传的视频引起的，他们表达了对当地中央厨房为学生提供的饭菜配送缓慢、质量差的担忧。句中were posted为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作目的状语。故填to express。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中were posted为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词，provide与逻辑主语meals之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填provided。 5．考查名词性从句。句意：一些家长开始质疑的是学校餐食的来源。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代物用what，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填What。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他们很担心，其中一些人甚至把孩子吃的午饭带到了学校门口。设空处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，表示“他们中的一些人”指代人，故应用whom。故填whom。 7．考查名词复数。句意：这些质疑也引发了人们对中小学中央厨房配餐可靠性的担忧。设空处应填名词作宾语，concern意为“担心的事”时为可数名词，此处表示复数意义。故填concerns。 8．考查副词。句意：因此，许多人呼吁学校恢复自营食堂。设空处应填副词修饰整个句子，作状语，consequently意为“因此”，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Consequently。 9．考查介词。句意同上。appeal to sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”。故填to。 10．考查虚拟语气。句意：一些家长反对学校提供预制菜，并坚决建议孩子们应该保证吃到新鲜可靠的午餐。suggest后接宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略。主语children与guarantee之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填should be guaranteed/be guaranteed。 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write a letter to the editor about your lifestyle 本单元的写作任务是“给编辑写信讲述自己的生活方式”。讲述类信件兼具书信和记叙文的特点。正文部分通常为记叙文写法，多以第一人称的方式详述自己面临的问题、解决问题的过程以及结果，可以以时间为主线叙述事件发生的经过。在正文部分的结尾，可以写一下自己的感悟。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）现在，全民倡导健康生活，请你以“Healthy Lifestyle”为题，用英文写一篇短文，内容应包括： 1.你认为的健康生活方式； 2.你认为该生活方式健康的两点理由（如：远离疾病、环保……）。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Healthy Lifestyle ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Healthy Lifestyle Keeping healthy is a hot topic discussed by many common people, and having a healthy lifestyle is very important for us. So what is your healthy lifestyle? Generally speaking, keeping a balanced diet and taking exercise regularly are recognized as a healthy lifestyle. But I have a different view. Traveling around instead of staying at home and chatting with others on line for a long time is a healthy lifestyle. Traveling around can help us build up our body and keep energetic, which can help us keep away from diseases. Certainly we can gain much knowledge from vivid nature and society while traveling in a real world. I do believe that we can live a healthy lifestyle. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Healthy Lifestyle”为题，用英文写一篇短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→significant 不同的：different→diverse 观点：view→opinion 远离疾病：keep away from diseases→stay away from diseases 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Keeping healthy is a hot topic discussed by many common people, and having a healthy lifestyle is very important for us. 拓展句：Keeping healthy is a hot topic which is discussed by many common people, and having a healthy lifestyle is very important for us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Traveling around can help us build up our body and keep energetic, which can help us keep away from diseases.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Certainly we can gain much knowledge from vivid nature and society while traveling in a real world.（运用了while引导的状语从句的省略） $$