内容正文:
Unit 3 The Internet
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态主要用于强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,以及动作从过去开始一直持续到现在的情况,并且句子的主语是动作的承受者。
具体用法
强调过去动作对现在的影响
当我们想要表达某个被动的动作在过去发生了,而这个动作所产生的影响或结果在当下依然能够被感受到时,就会用到现在完成时的被动语态。
例如:The new subway line has been opened. Now it's much more convenient for people to travel around the city.(新的地铁线路已经被开通了。现在人们在城市里出行方便多了。)“has been opened”表明地铁线路开通这个动作过去完成了,其带来的影响就是现在人们出行更便利了。
再如:Many old buildings have been repaired. They look as good as new.(许多旧建筑已经被修缮了。它们看上去和新的一样好。)旧建筑被修缮是过去的动作,现在呈现出的崭新状态就是其对现在的影响。
表示动作从过去持续到现在
常与表示一段时间的状语连用,像“since + 时间点”“for + 时间段”等,以此来体现动作开始于过去某个时间,一直不间断地延续到现在这一情况。
例如:This book has been translated into several languages since it was published.(这本书自出版以来已经被翻译成了好几种语言。)“has been translated”说明翻译这本书这个动作从它出版的时候开始,一直持续到现在,并且有可能还会继续下去,体现了动作在时间上的延续性。
又如:The park has been taken care of by the workers for many years.(这个公园已经被工人们照料很多年了。)“for many years”明确了照料公园这个动作从过去开始一直持续至今的时长。
在特定语境中体现经历或状态
用于描述主语到目前为止的经历,也就是曾经遭遇过某个被动的情况,即便动作可能已经结束,但这种经历对当下的话题是有意义的。
例如:He has been praised by the teacher many times.(他已经被老师表扬过很多次了。)虽然每次表扬的动作都结束了,但整体上体现出他到目前为止有着多次被表扬的经历,这在讨论他的表现等语境中是很重要的信息。
与其他时态被动语态的区别
与一般过去时被动语态对比
一般过去时被动语态:侧重于描述过去某个具体时间里发生的被动动作,重点在于动作发生的那个过去时刻,与现在的联系不紧密。例如:The window was broken last night.(窗户昨晚被打破了。)只是单纯讲窗户打破这个动作发生在昨晚这个过去时间点上。
现在完成时的被动语态:更关注过去动作对现在的影响或者动作持续到现在的状态,强调与现在的关联性。比如:The window has been broken. So it's cold in the room.(窗户已经被打破了,所以房间里很冷。)这里不仅说了窗户过去被打破,还体现出当下房间冷这个因窗户破了而产生的结果。
与现在进行时被动语态对比
现在进行时被动语态:表示此时此刻正在进行的被动动作,结构是“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”。例如:The house is being painted now.(房子现在正在被粉刷。)强调当下正在进行的粉刷这个动作。
现在完成时的被动语态:强调的是过去动作的完成以及对现在的影响或者动作持续到现在的情况,并非当下正在进行的动作。比如:The house has been painted twice this year.(这所房子今年已经被粉刷两次了。)突出的是粉刷动作已经完成了两次以及可能带来的相应影响等,和正在进行的动作无关。
常见时间状语搭配
already(已经):常用来强调动作完成得较早,例如:The project has already been completed.(这个项目已经被完成了。)
yet(还,尚,已经):用于疑问句中表示询问动作是否已经完成,用于否定句中表示动作还未完成。如:Has the report been written yet?(报告已经写好了吗?)The homework hasn't been done yet.(作业还没被做完呢。)
just(刚刚):表示动作刚刚结束不久,例如:The car has just been washed.(汽车刚刚被洗过。)
since + 时间点:表明动作从过去那个时间点开始一直持续到现在,像:She has been invited to parties since she moved here.(自从她搬到这儿以来,她已经被邀请参加过很多聚会了。)
for + 时间段:强调动作持续的时长,例如:The museum has been closed for three months.(这个博物馆已经关闭三个月了。)
习题对点练习
1.Large amounts of money (spend) in rebuilding the old temple in the last two years.
2.A large amount of money (raise) for charity so far.
3.The temple (build) for two years and it is still in construction.
4.More than seven million people (affect) by drought so far.
5.The plan has been studied the experts for three times.
6.Many companies (run) by Tom since 1979.
7.Where to go for a trip (not decide) yet.
8.She (laugh) at by her classmates since young.
9.A large quantity of books (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then.
10.Before the discussion, the boys and the girls have been and the is useful for their study.(divide)
11.It (prove)that the importance of the town is due to its geographical location so far.
12.—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this afternoon?
—No. It (put) off till tomorrow afternoon.
13.Over the past ten years, this town (hit) twice by earthquakes.
14.Since the cause of this disease (discover), now we need to develop the medicine to treat it.
15.More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
16.With the Internet keeping us company, our life has been greatly (improve).
17.Thirty percent of air in the city (pollute) so far.
18.Up to now food and water (deliver) to the disaster-stricken area, where many people (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help.
19.Suzhou, considered by the Italian explorer Marco Polo in the 13th century as “the Venice of the East”, became a sister city to Venice in 1980, and since then multiple activities of mutual historical and cultural exchange (carry) forward.
20.So far, through the remote video monitoring system and the use of BDS and other equipment, the intelligent and informationbased threedimension system of the “sky and ground” for biodiversity protection (establish).
21.Much attention (pay) to pollution up till now.
22.Their achievements have already been in depth and do not require further discussion about the . (analyse)
23.Over the past three years, more than $10 million (spend) on the project.
24.So far, large quantities of private information (leak) to the advertisement agency illegally.
25.It is reported that countless cultural objects (steal) over the last couple of centuries.
26.Large quantities of grain (destroy) in the flood up to now.
27.Don’t go out to play until all of your homework (finish).
28.Two thirds of the region (have) been deforested in the past decade.
29.A great deal of money (spend) in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week.
30.It is reported that trade between China and the UK (promote) during the last three months.
31.Since I first heard English spoken by a British man, I (attract) by the beautiful language.
32.He bought a pair of trousers last month, but the trousers (wear) out.
33.Losing a child is heartbreaking and countless families (tear) apart in the past decades.
34.It is a pity that over the past few years, farmland in this region (poison) by chemicals.
35.Over the past two weeks, the software (download) for 30 million times by users to help their phone batteries last longer.
36.A large amount of time (spend) on this project up to now.
37.Many new buildings (build) in the past few years.
38.Due to people’s fear of sharks, a number of sharks (kill) over the years.
39.Every means (try) to protect panda bears over the past decades.
40.Recently, more than twenty farms (select) to provide safe food for students’ lunch.
41.He created a new world record in the Olympic Games in 2000, and the record (not break) since then.
42.With the help of high technology, more and more progress (make) in the past years.
43.Recently, a series of measures (take) to improve the air quality in Shanghai.
44.Great achievements (make) in China during the past few decades.
45.Great changes (take) place in the city, and a lot of factories (set up) in the past few years.
46.Art, along with music and poetry, (regard) as something inspiring since the Renaissance(文艺复兴).
47.Very few deer (shoot) since 2 years ago.
48.Large amounts of money (spend) on the bridge in the last few years.
49.Large amounts of money (spend) on medical treatment since last year.
50.Despite all these improvements, I have also found something that still needs to be done: no basketball court (build) so far.
51.Large quantities of information (offer) to the government since last year.
52.So far, several statistical examples (update) with real-world data to help business professionals understand the changing market.
53.So far everyone else in my class (invite) except me, and I don’t know why.
54.We have (approach) by a number of companies that are interested in our product.
55.The was hosted by Seaman Foundation of the Netherlands, and about 80 pieces of art works from 6 Chinese and 8 Dutch artists have been . (exhibit) (用所给词的适当形式填空)
56.So far, all possible means (try) to prevent the animals from dying out.
57.It’s the first time that a-90-year old (award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full time employee.
58.Up to the year 2000, almost 2 million pairs of Levi’s jeans (sell).
59.Over the years, acupuncture (use) to treat a wide (various) of health problem, including severe pains, blood pressure issues, stomach (comfort).
60.Now that the problem (identify), appropriate action can be taken.
试卷第1页,共3页
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参考答案:
1.have been spent
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的两年中,为了重建这座古庙花费了大量的资金。spend作本句谓语,根据时间状语in the last two years可知,用现在完成时,主语是money,两者是被动关系,用被动语态,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been spent。
2.has been raised
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,已经为慈善事业筹集了一大笔钱。根据时间状语“so far”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语A large amount of money和raise为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为不可数名词,助动词用has。故填has been raised。
3.has been built
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:这座寺庙已经建成两年了,目前仍在建设中。主语temple与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文for two years可知为现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用has。故填has been built。
4.have been affected
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,已有700多万人受到干旱的影响。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语so far可知,此处为现在完成时,affect与句子主语More than seven million people之间为被动关系,所以使用现在完成时态的被动语态,主语为复数。故填have been affected。
5.by
【详解】考查介词。句意:该计划已经由专家研究了三次。分析句子可知,空处应填介词by引出被动语态中动作的发出者。故填by。
6.have been run
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:自1979年以来,汤姆经营了许多公司。分析句子,句中since 1979为现在完成时的时间标志,此处run表示“运营,经营”,companies与其之间是被动关系,故使用现在完成时的被动关系。故填have been run。
7.has not been decided
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:去哪里旅行还没有决定。主语Where to go for a trip与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文yet可知为现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用has,为否定陈述句。故填has not been decided。
8.has been laughed
【详解】考查谓语动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意:从小她就一直被同学嘲笑。所给动词laugh在句中作谓语;根据后面的“by her classmates”可知,主语she与动词短语laugh at 为被动关系,应使用被动语态;根据时间状语“since young”可知,谓语动词应使用现在完成时;主语she为单三人称,助动词用单数形式。故填has been laughed。
9.have been contributed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意;从那时起,大量的书籍被捐赠给了农村的孩子们。根据since then可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词contribute意为“捐赠”,和主语构成被动关系,主语A large quantity of books是复数。故填have been contributed。
10. divided division
【详解】考查动词和名词。句意:在讨论之前,男孩和女孩被分成两组,这对他们的学习是有用的。结合空前的have been可知,此处是现在完成时的被动语态,空处用过去分词;第二空用名词作主语,division“分组”,不可数名词,故填①divided②division。
11.has been proved
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,已经证明这个城镇的重要性是由于它的地理位置。根据“so far”及“it”承受谓语动词prove的动作可知,prove应该使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语it为单数意义,故填has been proved。
12.has been put
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:—讲座定于今天下午4点举行吗?—不。它已经被推迟到明天下午。分析句子可知,设空处是句子的谓语部分,主语It和动词put之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,根据句意可知,应使用现在完成时,此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态形式,主语It是第三人称单数形式,助动词have应使用has。故填has been put。
13.has been hit
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:在过去的十年里,这个城镇遭受了两次地震袭击。分析句子可知,设空处是句子的谓语部分,主语this town和动词hit之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,根据时间状语Over the past ten years可知,应使用现在完成时,此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态形式,主语this town是第三人称单数形式,助动词have应使用has。故填has been hit。
14.has been discovered
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:由于这种疾病的病因已经发现,现在我们需要研制治疗它的药物。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,主语the cause为单数名词和动词discover为被动关系,结合句意可知,此处应为陈述已经发生的事情,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填has been discovered。
15.have been collected
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:自两兄弟成立该组织以来,已经收集了5000多辆旧自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,由该句since可知,此处应为现在完成时,主语More than 5,000 used bikes为复数名词和动词collect为被动关系,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been collected。
16.improved
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:有了互联网的陪伴,我们的生活得到了极大的改善。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,结合句意以及空前has been可知,此处主语our life和动词improve为被动关系,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填improved。
17.has been polluted
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,该市30%的空气已被污染。由so far可知,句子时态用现在完成时,空气是被污染,因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态,主语Thirty percent of air是单数,因此空格处用has been polluted。故填has been polluted。
18. have been delivered surviving
【详解】考查动词语态、非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,食物和水已经送到了受灾地区,那里的许多幸存者迫切需要帮助。①处为主句谓语,由Up to now可知,句子用现在完成时,主语food and water与deliver“递送,运载”为被动关系,句子用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为复数,助动词用have。where引导的定语从句的系动词为are,②处为非谓语动词,且people与survive“幸存”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作定语,修饰people。故填①have been delivered ②surviving。
19.have been carried
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意:苏州,13世纪被意大利探险家马可波罗誉为“东方威尼斯”的苏州,于1980年与威尼斯成为友好城市,此后开展了多项历史文化交流活动。根据since then可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词短语carry forward意为“开展”,和主语构成被动关系。故填have been carried。
20.has been established
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意:目前,通过远程视频监控系统和北斗系统等设备的使用,已经建立起生物多样性保护“天地一体”的智能化、信息化立体体系。主语system和动词establish之间是被动关系,根据时间状语So far可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示单数意义,故填has been established。
21.has been paid
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,人们对污染问题给予了很大的关注。主语attention和动词pay之间是被动关系,结合时间状语up till now可知此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,故填has been paid。
22. analysed analysis
【详解】考查过去分词和名词。句意:他们的成就已经深入分析过了,不需要对分析结果进一步讨论。结合第一空前的have already been可知,此处是现在完成时的被动语态,空处用过去分词;第二空用名词作介词about的宾语,analysis“分析,分析结果”,名词。故填①analysed②analysis。
23.has been spent
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的三年里,这个项目已经花费了1000多万美元。根据“over the past three years”及“more than $10 million”承受谓语动词spend的动作,谓语动词应该使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语“more than $10 million”表示金钱,谓语动词用单数,故填has been spent。
24.have been leaked
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:到目前为止,大量的私人信息被非法泄露给了广告公司。主语large quantities of private information与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文So far可知为现在完成时的被动语态,“large quantities of +不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,助动词用have。故填have been leaked。
25.have been stolen
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:据报道,在过去的几个世纪里,无数的文物被盗。主语objects与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文over the last couple of centuries可知为现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用have。故填have been stolen。
26.have been destroyed
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,已经有大量的谷物被洪水毁坏了。分析句子结构和意思可知,句子有up to now作时间状语,谓语用现在完成时,主语是Large quantities of grain,谓语和quantities保持一致,助动词用have,动词destroy和主语Large quantities of grain是动宾关系,用被动语态结构。故填have been destroyed。
27.has been finished
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:完成所有的作业后再出去玩。主语与谓语为被动关系,且描述的动作发生在go out to play之前,对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时的被动语态。主语 your homework为不可数名词。谓语为单数。故填·has been finished。
28.has
【详解】考查数词与主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年来,这个地区的三分之二的地方遭到了森林砍伐。根据时间状语in the past decade可知,此处应当使用现在完成时,此处为现在完成时的被动语态,分数加名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定,region应当使用单数谓语,故填has。
29.has been spent
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:自上周以来,为拯救被困矿工的生命已投入了大量资金。分析句子可知,空处缺少句子的谓语,根据since last week可知,句子为现在完成时,主语money为不可数名词,与spend构成被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been spent。
30.has been promoted
【详解】考查主谓一致、时态与语态。句意:据报道,中英两国的贸易在最近三个月得到了提升。根据时间状语during the last three months可知用现在完成时;又因主语trade与promote之间是被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,且谓语应用单数,故填has been promoted。
31.have been attracted
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:自从我第一次听到英国人说英语,我就被这种美丽的语言所吸引。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文Since I first heard English spoken by a British man可知为现在完成时的被动语态,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have been attracted。
32.have been worn
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:他上个月买了一条裤子,但是这条裤子已经被穿破了。此句为并列句,设空处在分句中作谓语,根据句意以及句中“He bought a pair of trousers last month”可知“the trousers _____ (wear) out”应用现在完成时,表示到目前已经穿破了,主语the trousers与wear out之间为被动关系,谓语动词用现在完成时被动语态,the trousers作主语,谓语动词用复数。故填have been worn。
33.have been torn
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:失去一个孩子是令人心碎的,在过去的几十年里,无数的家庭被撕裂了。家庭被撕裂,句子用被动语态,由in the past decades可知,句子时态用现在完成时,因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态,主语families是复数,因此空格处是have been torn,故填have been torn。
34.has been poisoned
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:很遗憾,在过去的几年里,这个地区的农田被化学物质污染了。根据“over the past few years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词poison意为“污染”,根据“by chemicals”可知,farmland和动词poison是被动关系,此处应用被动语态。主语farmland意为“农田”,此处为不可数名词。故填has been poisoned。
35.has been downloaded
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两周里,该软件已经被用户下载了3000万次,以帮助他们的手机电池使用更长时间。根据“Over the past two weeks”可知,动作从过去开始发生,持续到现在,时态应用现在完成时,download“下载”和主语the software为被动关系,用现在完成的被动语态,且主语是单数,助动词应用has。故填has been downloaded。
36.has been spent
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,大量时间被花在这个项目上。由“up to now”可知,句子时态用现在完成时,时间是被花费,因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态,即have/has been done,主语time是不可数名词,因此空格处是has been spent。故填has been spent。
37.have been built
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:过去几年已经建了很多新大楼。空处为句子谓语动词,根据时间状语in the past few years“在过去的几年里”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语buildings和build是被动关系,且主语是复数,助动词用have。故填have been built。
38.have been killed
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:由于人们对鲨鱼的恐惧,多年来有许多鲨鱼被杀死。根据over the years可知,本句为现在完成时,主语a number of sharks 与谓语kill为被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态。主语复数,谓语复数。故填have been killed。
39.has been tried
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,人们想尽一切办法来保护大熊猫。根据句中时间状语over the past decades可知用现在完成时,句中主语Every means与动词try之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。Every means作主语,谓语动词用单数,故填has been tried。
40.have been selected
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意:最近,有20多个农场被选中为学生的午餐提供安全食品。根据时间状语Recently可知句子用现在完成时,主语farms和动词select之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示复数意义,故填have been selected。
41.hasn’t been broken
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:他在2000年奥运会上创造了一项新的世界纪录,此后该纪录一直没有被打破。根据“since then”及“the record”承受谓语动词的动作,因此后句应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语the record为单数意义,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填hasn’t been broken。
42.has been made
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:在高科技的帮助下,近年来取得了越来越多的进步。进步是被取得,由in the past years可知,句子时态是现在完成时,因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态,主语progress是不可数名词,因此空格处是has been made。故填has been made。
43.have been taken
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:最近,采取了一系列措施来改善上海的空气质量。由Recently可知,句子时态是现在完成时,措施是被采取,因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态,主语measures是复数,因此空格处是have been taken。故填have been taken。
44.have been made
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几十年里,中国取得了巨大的成就。由during the past few decades可知,句子时态是现在完成时,成就是被取得,因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态,主语achievements是复数,因此空格处是have been made。故填have been made。
45. have taken have been set up
【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意:在过去的几年里,这个城市发生了巨大的变化,建立了许多工厂。本句中and连接两个分句。第一分句中take place“发生”是谓语动词,强调过去的事件对现在的影响,应用现在完成时态,主语为复数,助动词用have;take place是不及物动词短语,无被动语态;第二分句中set up“建立”是谓语动词,结合时间状语in the past ten years,可知应该使用现在完成时态,与主语a lot of factories为被动关系,句子使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为复数,助动词用have。故填①have taken;②have been set up。
46.has been regarded
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:自文艺复兴以来,艺术、音乐和诗歌一直被视为鼓舞人心的东西。根据时间状语since the Renaissance可知,本句为现在完成时,主语Art与谓语为被动关系,且为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填has been regarded。
47.have been shot
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:自两年前以来,很少有鹿被射杀。since+过去时间,句子用现在完成时,主语Very few deer和谓语动词shoot是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态,单复数同形名词deer被few修饰,此处表示复数含义,谓语复数形式。故填have been shot。
48.have been spent
【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,在这座桥上花了大量的钱。空处为谓语动词,由时间状语 in the last few years可知应用现在完成时,主语money与spend之间为被动关系且large amounts of +不可数名词作主语时谓语动词的数应与amount的数保持一致,所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态形式have been spent。故填have been spent。
49.have been spent
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自从去年以来,大量的钱被花在医疗上。分析句子可知,空白处在句中作谓语,句子的时间状语是since last year,所以句子应用现在完成时,“large amounts of+名词”作句子主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式,主语Large amounts of money与谓语spend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been spent。
50.has been built
【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意:尽管有这些改进,我也发现了一些仍然需要做的事情:到目前为止还没有建造篮球场。根据时间状语so far可知,空处用现在完成时,且no basketball court 和build“建造”之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been built。
51.have been offered
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:自去年以来,已向政府提供了大量信息。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,根据since last year时间状语可知,此处为现在完成时,主语Large quantities of information和动词offer为被动关系,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构,(large) quantities of…(或a quantity of)+名词用作主语时,其谓语动词根据quantity的单复数确定,本题中quantities是复数,助动词用have。故填have been offered。
52.have been updated
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,已经用实际数据更新了几个统计示例,以帮助业务专业人员了解不断变化的市场。主语“several statistical examples”和动词“update”之间是被动关系,结合时间状语“So far”可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语表示复数意义,故填have been updated。
53.has been invited
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,除了我,班上其他人都被邀请了,我不知道为什么。根据句中So far可知,句子应用现在完成时,invite与主语everyone else in my class之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语everyone else in my class表示单数意义,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been invited。
54.been approached
【详解】考查语态。句意:许多对我们的产品感兴趣的公司都找过我们。approach意为“接洽”,与主语we是被动关系,应用been approached与have构成现在完成时的被动语态,故填been approached。
55. exhibition exhibited
【详解】考查名词和过去分词。句意:本次展览由荷兰希曼基金会主办,共展出6位中国艺术家和8位荷兰艺术家的约80件艺术作品。由句意及空①后的was hosted by Seaman Foundation of the Netherlands可知空①应名词形式作主语,所以空①应填exhibition,由空②前的about 80 pieces of art works from 6 Chinese and 8 Dutch artists have been可知空②应填过去分词形式exhibited,have been exhibited为谓语动词,故空①答案为exhibition,空②答案为exhibited。
56.have been tried
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,人们已经尝试了一切可能的方法来防止这种动物灭绝。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,根据该句时间状语So far可知,此处为现在完成时,主语all possible means为复数名词和动词try为被动关系,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been tried。
57.has been awarded
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:这是一位90岁的老人首次被授予“年度女性”,成为英国年龄最大的全职员工。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据“it is the first time that从句”结构,从句应为现在完成时,award与主语a-90-year old之间为被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been awarded。
58.had been sold
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:到2000年为止,李维斯的牛仔裤已经售出了近200万条。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文Up to the year 2000可知,此处表示截止到过去时间点完成的动作,应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold。
59. has been used variety discomfort
【详解】考查名词、时态和语态。句意:多年来,针灸已被用于治疗各种各样的健康问题,包括严重的疼痛,血压问题,胃部不适。第一空为谓语动词,根据时间状语Over the years可知,用现在完成时。主语acupuncture 与use之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态;第二空为短语a variety of,表示“各种各样的”;第三空用名词作宾语,stomach discomfort胃部不适。根据句意,故填has been used; variety; discomfort。
60.has been identified
【详解】考查时态语态 。句意:既然问题已经被发现,就可以采取适当的措施了。分析句子结构可知,从句缺谓语动词,根据句意可知,现在可以采取措施说明问题已经被发现,强调动作的结果和影响,应用现在完成时,“the problem”和“identify”之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,故填has been identified。
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