专题02 Unit 4 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题)-2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) I. 单句语法填空 1. There is no simple solution ________ this problem. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个问题没有简单的解决办法。分析句子可知，这里考查solution to表“...解决办法”，为固定搭配。故填to。 2. With great determination and a clear ________(intend), he went on a journey to explore the unknown world. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：怀着坚定的决心和明确的目标，他踏上了探索未知世界的旅程。空处需填名词intention，作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填intention。 3. The variety of food at the restaurant is ________(limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家餐厅的食物种类有限，但每道菜的量都相当大。根据句意以及空前is为系动词可知，此处为形容词limited“有限的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填limited。 4. The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of ________(survive). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代技术的进步能显著提高病人的生存机会。设空处应填名词作介词of的宾语，survive的名词形式是survival。故填survival。 5. A ________(short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：资金短缺让联合国无法监管救济工作。a shortage of，表示“短缺”为固定短语。故填shortage。 6. I ________(intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本打算去机场送你，但正当我准备出发时，来了一个意外的访客。结合句意可知，此处考查had intended/ planned/ expected…“本打算/计划/期待”，它们是特殊的虚拟语气，表示没有按计划/安排等完成任务，故填had intended。 7. A successful man should have courage, determination and ________(wise). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个成功的人应该有勇气、决心和智慧。根据and可知，空处应和courage以及determination并列，所以应填名词作宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom。故填wisdom。 8. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what items it ________(contain). 【答案】contained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：小约翰尼摸了摸那个袋子，很想知道里面装着什么东西。设空处为从句谓语，根据上文的felt可知应用一般过去时，故填contained。 9. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________(refer) to his notes. 【答案】referring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：主席在商务会议上讲了将近一个小时，没有参考他的笔记。空处作without的宾语，应用refer的动名词形式，短语refer to意为“参考，查阅”。故填referring。 10. Taking breaks during work hours can be ________(benefit) to increasing productivity. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：工作时间休息有利于提高工作效率。空处作表语，形容词beneficial符合题意，be beneficial to对……有好处。故填beneficial。 11. The train soon speeded ________. 【答案】up 【详解】考查副词。句意：火车很快加快了速度。此处考查动词短语speed up，意为“加速”，设空处应用副词up。故填up。 12. He stands alone as a ________(conduct) of modern Symphonic music. 【答案】conductor 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为现代交响乐的指挥，他独当一面。作宾语，表示“指挥”应用名词conductor，不定冠词提示用单数。故填conductor。 13. To give a definition of a word is more different than to give ________ illustration of its use. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：给一个词下定义比举例说明它的用法更不一样。illustration为可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，因此空处需要填an。故填an。 14. Working day and night，the wife paid ________ all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond others’ expectations. 【答案】off 【详解】考查介词。妻子没日没夜地工作，还清了丈夫留下的所有债务，这超出了别人的预料。pay off debts，意为“还清债务”。故填off。 15. They always look for excuses to postpone ________(do) something. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他们总是找借口推迟做事。此处“推迟做某事”表达为postpone doing sth.，所以使用动名词作宾语。故填doing。 16. He gave an example of bravery and ________(wise).) 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：他树立了勇敢和智慧的榜样。空处应用名词wisdom“智慧”，与bravery并列，作介词of的宾语。故填wisdom。 17. Don’t refer ________ your notes when answering questions, will you? 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：回答问题时不要参考你的笔记，可以吗？refer to意思是“参考、提到”，是固定搭配，故填to。 18. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very ________(sense) to the price. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，消费者对价格仍然非常敏感。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词sensitive“敏感的”，作表语。be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。 19. A study ________(involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. 【答案】involving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医学中心正在进行一项涉及长跑运动员的研究。此处作定语，修饰study，study与involve之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填involving。 20. As senior high school students, we are supposed to take ________(responsible) for our own study. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为高中生，我们应该为自己的学习负责。此处为名词作宾语，responsible的名词为responsibility意为“责任”，take responsibility for意为“为……负责”。故填responsibility。 21. Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with ________(science) methods. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：像他的父亲一样，马丁以务农为生，但他用科学的方法种植庄稼。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词methods，用形容词scientific。故填scientific。 22. For the purposes of ________(illustrate), some of the more important symptoms are listed below. 【答案】illustration 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了说明的目的，一些更重要的症状列在下面。空格处需要填入所给词illustrate的名词形式illustration，作介词of宾语。故填illustration。 23. Women have gained the ________ to decide whether to marry or not. (free) 【答案】freedom 【详解】考查名词。句意：女性已经获得了决定是否结婚的自由。设空处作宾语，填free的名词形式freedom，意为“自由”，不可数名词。故填freedom。 24. Palestinians have long demanded that refugees(难民) ________(permit) to return home. 【答案】should be permitted/be permitted 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：巴勒斯坦人长期以来一直要求允许难民返回家园。此处宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；且permit与主语构成被动关系，故填should be permitted/be permitted。 25. They all went out to look for the lost child in the ________(surround) villages. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们都到周围的村庄去寻找那个走失的孩子。空处作修饰villages的定语，应用surround的形容词形式surrounding，意为“周围的，附近的”。故填surrounding。 26. The museum is located in a park which is surrounded ________ a number of impressive buildings. 【答案】by/with 【详解】考查介词。句意：博物馆位于一个被大量令人印象深刻的建筑包围的公园内。be surrounded by/with被……包围。为固定短语。故填by/with。 27. Some doctors believe ________(ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：一些医生认为无知是好事，并且他们不会告诉病人所有的事实。此处作宾语从句的主语，表示“无知”应用所给词“ignore”的名词形式ignorance，不可数名词。故填ignorance。 28. For that reason, he ________(apply), and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 【答案】applied 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：出于这个原因，他申请了，并成为了一所乡村学校的志愿者教师。设空处为谓语，与became是并列成分，应用一般过去时。故填applied。 29. Some animals can change their colours according to the ________(surround). 【答案】surroundings 【详解】考查名词。句意：一些动物可以根据周围环境改变它们的颜色。此处需要用名词形式surroundings“周围环境”，作according to的宾语。故填surroundings。 30. Under China’s current policy, foreign travelers ________(permit) to enjoy a six-day stay in certain Chinese cities without a visa. 【答案】are permitted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：根据中国目前的政策，外国游客可以免签证在中国某些城市停留6天。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据“Under China’s current policy”可知，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语foreign travelers与permit之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语foreign travelers为复数，be动词用are。故填are permitted。 31. A firm handshake is generally regarded as an ________(indicate) that someone is confident. 【答案】indication 【详解】考查名词。句意：有力的握手通常被认为是一个人自信的象征。此处作介词as的宾语应用名词indication表示“象征”。故填indication。 32. Over a million people ________(apply) for being volunteers for the game before last week. 【答案】had applied 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在上周之前，已有超过一百万人申请成为这次比赛的志愿者。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语before last week可知，此处应表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，apply for与主语Over a million people之间为主动关系。故填had applied。 33. 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favor ________ the proposal for health care reform. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。表示“支持”为固定搭配in favor of 。故填of。 34. I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect ________(marry) of rice and milk. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：每舀一勺，我都不费口舌，享受着米饭和牛奶的完美结合。空格处位于形容词之后，因此需要填入名词；marry的名词为marriage；此处特指，所以用单数。故填marriage。 35. If you have the ________(nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 【答案】nationality 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你有某个国家的国籍，你就有成为公民的合法权利。空处需填名词nationality“国籍”，作宾语，根据空后“of a particular country”可知，表示某一个特定国家的国籍，应用单数形式。故填nationality。 36. My friend Lucy is leaving. I will do her ________ favor and drive her to the airport. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我的朋友露西要走了。我会帮她一个忙，开车送她去机场。此处为短语do sb. a favor，表示“帮忙”。故填a。 37. The novel I was looking forward to ________(publish) last week. 【答案】was published 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：我期待的那本小说上周出版了。“I was looking forward to”是定语从句，修饰The novel，空格处是主句谓语，由last week可知，句子描述过去的事情，小说是被出版，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语novel是单数，因此空格处是was published。故填was published。 38. He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this ________(evolve) field of all time. 【答案】evolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：他一直被认为是进化论领域最杰出的科学家。根据句意及空后名词field可知，句中表示“进化论领域”，设空处应用名词evolution作定语修饰field。故填evolution。 II. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·甘肃白银·阶段练习)Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924. He entered the Southwest Associated University in 1941. In 1948, Deng 1 (admit) to the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA, 2 he received a doctorate in physics two years later. Nine days after he got his doctoral degree, he stepped onto the ship back to China and became 3 researcher of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He started nuclear theoretical research in 4 (cooperate) with Yu Min. In October 1958, together with many other scientists, Deng 5 (take) up the research work of atomic bombs. Deng led the team of 28 members at an average age of 23 to march toward the 6 (mystery) atomic kingdom. 7 (follow) the successful test of the atomic bomb, Deng led his team to join the research group 8 (lead) by Yu Min in1965 and immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb. In an experiment in 1979, a bomb fell directly down to the ground because of a crack in the parachute. He rushed to the spot and examined it 9 (careful). Unfortunately, this led to radiation sickness. He continued to work 10 spite of illness until 1985. On his sickbed, he said, “I knew this day will come, but hadn’t expected it so soon.” After Deng passed away, his friend Chen-Ning Yang wrote an article in mourning. 【答案】 1. was admitted 2. where 3. a 4. cooperation 5. took 6. mysterious 7. Following 8. led 9. carefully 10. in 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了我国著名核物理学家邓稼先的事迹。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1948年，邓稼先被美国普渡大学研究生院录取，两年后获得物理学博士学位。根据后文in 1948可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Deng，助动词用was。故填was admitted。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. 考查冠词。句意：获得博士学位九天后，他乘船回到中国，成为中国科学院近代物理研究所的一名研究员。researcher为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且researcher是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 4. 考查名词。句意：他开始与于敏合作进行核理论研究。结合句意表示“与……合作”短语为in cooperation with，名词作宾语。故填cooperation。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：1958年10月，邓稼先与其他许多科学家一起，开始了原子弹的研究工作。根据后文in October 1958可知应用一般过去时。故填took。 6. 考查形容词。句意：邓稼先率领平均年龄只有23岁的28人团队，向神秘的原子王国挺进。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词kingdom。故填mysterious。 7. 考查介词。句意：在原子弹试爆成功后，邓稼先于1965年率领团队加入了于敏领导的研究小组，并立即开始了氢弹的设计。句中应使用介词following与后文的名词构成介词短语，意为“紧接着，在(某事)以后”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Following。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。前文中led为谓语动词，此处lead为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语group构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填led。 9. 考查副词。句意：他冲到现场仔细查看。修饰动词examined应用副词carefully，作状语。故填carefully。 10. 考查介词。句意：尽管生病，他仍继续工作，直到1985年。结合句意表示“尽管”短语为in spite of。故填in。 Passage 2 Through Snow’s 11 (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, there are millions of people around the world 12 (infect) with cholera and many die 13 it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. For this reason, Snow 14 (recognize) the father of modern epidemiology. Qian read a lot and was 15 (extreme) knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 16 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his deep appreciation for art, 17 (inspire) him a lot in his scientific research. In Quanzhou, Fujian, there is a small fishing village where houses are not built with bricks and tiles 18 with oyster shells. Many tourists come to experience a thousand-year-old folk custom called “Zanhua” (Adorning Flowers). The process of Quanzhou head-pinned flowers is complicated, including cutting, laying, coloring and so on. The main materials for making hair-wearing flowers are metal wire, jewelry stone, colored pearls, etc. These materials are cleverly combined 19 (form) a variety of flower patterns, each of 20 conveys people’s expectations for a better life and good luck. 【答案】 11. tireless 12. infected 13. from 14. is recognized 15. extremely 16. what 17. inspiring 18. but 19. to form 20. which 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代流行病学之父斯诺和科学家钱学森及福建泉州的小渔村。 11. 考查形容词。句意：通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少。修饰名词efforts，表示“不懈的”应用形容词tireless。故填tireless。 12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。此处infect与people构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填infected。 13. 考查介词。句意：每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。短语die from表示“死于”。故填from。 14. 考查时态语态。句意：因此，斯诺被公认为现代流行病学之父。主语Snow与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is recognized。 15. 考查副词。句意：钱博览群书，知识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。修饰形容词knowledgeable用副词extremely，故填extremely。 16. 考查主语从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对艺术的深刻欣赏，这在他的科学研究中给了他很多启发。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物用what。故填what。 17. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对艺术的深刻欣赏，这在他的科学研究中给了他很多启发。此处inspire与deep appreciation for art构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填inspiring。 18. 考查固定句型。句意：在福建泉州，有一个小渔村，那里的房子不是用砖瓦盖的，而是用牡蛎壳盖的。表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…。故填but。 19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些材料巧妙地组合在一起，以形成各种各样的花卉图案，每一种图案都传达着人们对美好生活和好运的期望。此处form在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to form。 20. 考查定语从句。句意：这些材料巧妙地组合在一起，以形成各种各样的花卉图案，每一种图案都传达着人们对美好生活和好运的期望。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词patterns，作介词的宾语，指物。故填which。 Passage 3 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 21 research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou, a 22 (commit) and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 23 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 24 (choose). In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find 25 (tradition) botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from 26 fourth century suggested using the extract from tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. 27 (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 28 (apparent) destroyed its medical 29 (property). Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. This medicine, which 30 (call) artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 【答案】 21. whose 22. committed 23. with 24. chosen 25. traditional 26. the 27. Analyzing/Analysing 28. apparently 29. properties 30. was called 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦的生平事迹以及她如何发现青蒿素的过程。 21. 考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦，她的研究导致了青蒿素的发现，青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的重要新疗法。“ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，修饰名词research，意为“屠呦呦的研究”，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 22. 考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位专注且有耐心的科学家，25岁时毕业于北京大学医学院。提示词修饰名词scientist，用形容词committed作定语，表示“专注的，尽心尽力的”。故填committed。 23. 考查介词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目的是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。根据句意，表示“目的是……”，用介词短语with the objective of。故填with。 24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目的是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。choose(选择，挑选)作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语researchers构成被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填chosen。 25. 考查形容词。句意：1969年，她成为北京该项目的负责人，并决定查阅中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗该疾病的传统植物疗法。提示词修饰名词词组botanical treatments，用形容词traditional作定语，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 26. 考查冠词。句意：一本四世纪的医学文献建议使用经过试验的一堆干艾草叶的提取物，但没有发现效果。“the+序数词”是固定搭配，表示“第几……”。故填the。 27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：再次分析医学文献使屠呦呦找到了治疗艾草的不同方法。“(analyse) the medical texts again”作主语，用动名词analyzing或者analysing作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Analyzing/Analysing。 28. 考查副词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸甜艾草显然破坏了其药性。修饰动词destroyed，用副词apparently作状语，意为“显然”。故填apparently。 29. 考查名词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸甜艾草显然破坏了其药性。可数名词property作宾语，表示“性质；特性”，艾草特性不止一项，用复数形式。故填properties。 30. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。call(称)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词This medicine)之间是被动关系，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was called。 Passage 4 “Father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping died of illness at 13:07 p.m. in 31 hospital in Changsha of Hunan province. He 32 (cultivate) the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, 33 was later grown on a large scale in China and other countries to substantially raise output. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One is that people can enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men. The other is that hybrid rice could 34 (grow) all over the world to help solve the 35 (globe) food shortage. Everyone knows 36 he is the Savior(救世主), but he said he is an old farmer who has grown rice all 37 (he) life, and that he would keep working unless he could no longer see or walk. On September 19, 2020, Yuan Longping sent his best 38 (wish) to the youth and shared his eight word successful experience: knowledge, sweat, and opportunity. “Knowledge is the foundation. Sweat is the practice,” he said. “Inspiration is a spark of thought. Everyone has a spark of thought so don’t give it up.” He also said “Chance favors the 39 (prepare) mind!” in English. Our best way 40 (honour) him is to cherish every grain in the bowl and every day without starvation. 【答案】 31. a 32. cultivated 33. which 34. be grown 35. global 36. that 37. his 38. wishes 39. prepared 40. to honour 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹、梦想、对青年的寄语以及人们纪念他的方式。 31. 考查冠词。句意：“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平于下午1时07分在湖南省长沙市的一家医院因病去世。此处泛指“一家医院”，且hospital以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 32. 考查时态。句意：他于1973年培育出世界上第一种高产杂交水稻品种，这种水稻后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。本句陈述过去的事实，时态用一般过去时，谓语用cultivate“培育”的过去式。故填cultivated。 33. 考查定语从句。句意：他于1973年培育出世界上第一种高产杂交水稻品种，这种水稻后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为rice strain，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 34. 考查动词语态。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。空处为that引导的表语从句的谓语，grow“种植”和主语hybrid rice为动宾关系，用be grown表被动，且could后接动词原形，be形式不变。故填be grown。 35. 考查形容词。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。空处修饰名词短语food shortage，用形容词global“全球的”，作定语。故填global。 36. 考查宾语从句。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说自己是一个一辈子种水稻的老农民，并且除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。空处引导宾语从句，从句成分和句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 37. 考查代词。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说自己是一个一辈子种水稻的老农民，并且除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。空处修饰名词life，作定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 38. 考查名词的数。句意：2020年9月19日，袁隆平向青年们致以最美好的祝愿，并分享了他八字成功经验：知识、汗水和机遇。本空作sent的宾语，用名词wish，表示“祝愿”用复数形式，best wishes“最美好的祝愿”为固定短语。故填wishes。 39. 考查形容词。句意：他还用英语说：“机会总是留给有准备的人！”空处修饰名词mind，用形容词prepared“有准备的”，作定语。故填prepared。 40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们纪念他的最好方式就是珍惜碗里的每一粒粮食，珍惜没有饥饿的每一天。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空用honour“纪念”的不定式作后置定语。故填to honour。 Passage 5 Wilhelm Röntgen was 41 German scientist. In 1895 he was working in his laboratory 42 he discovered X-rays by accident. A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife’s hand. It 43 (clear) showed her wedding ring and her bones. He sent a report about his work to the Medical Society of his city. Soon after, newspapers all 44 the world wrote about his 45 (discover), for 46 Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. X-rays are still a big part of our lives. Doctors and dentists use X-rays 47 (look) inside the body. 48 (use) X-rays, airlines look inside baggage and scientists study the stars. How did Röntgen choose the name “X-ray”? He called these rays “X” rays to show they were an unknown type of radiation(放射线). In mathematics, we usually use the letter “x” for quantities we don’t know. Many of Röntgen’s friends wanted him to call 49 (they) Röntgen rays, but he didn’t. The name “X-ray” stayed but Röntgen’s X-rays 50 (make) our world change. 【答案】 41. a 42. when 43. clearly 44. over 45. discovery 46. which 47. to look 48. Using 49. them 50. made 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Wilhelm Röntgen发现X射线的过程以及X射线在生活和科学中的应用。 41. 考查冠词。句意：Wilhelm Röntgen是一位德国科学家。可数名词scientist在句中表示“一位科学家”，泛指，且German是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 42. 考查连词。句意：1895年，他正在实验室工作时偶然发现了X射线。“be doing sth. when..”是固定句型，意为“正在做某事，这时/突然……”，用when引导从句。故填when。 43. 考查副词。句意：它清晰地显示了她的结婚戒指和骨头。提示词修饰动词showed，用副词clearly作状语，意为“清楚地，清晰地”。故填clearly。 44. 考查介词。句意：不久之后，全世界的报纸都报道了他的发现。all over the world是固定短语，意为“全世界”。故填over。 45. 考查名词。句意：不久之后，全世界的报纸都报道了他的发现。此处为名词作宾语，discover的名词为discovery，意为“发现”。故填discovery。 46. 考查定语从句。句意：为此，Röntgen于1901年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。此处为关系词引导的for Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his discovery，指事，关系词将其代入从句中作介词for的宾语，用关系代词which构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。故填which。 47. 考查非谓语动词。句意：医生和牙医使用X射线来观察身体内部。结合句意，此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to look。 48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：航空公司使用X射线查看行李，科学家研究星星。此处为非谓语动词(use) X-rays作伴随状语，use与其逻辑主语airlines构成主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Using。 49. 考查代词。句意：Röntgen的许多朋友想让他称之为Röntgen射线，但他没有。提示词作宾语，用宾格代词them。故填them。 50. 考查时态。句意：“X射线”这个名字保留了下来，但Röntgen的X射线让我们的世界发生了改变。 make(让)是分句谓语，与主语Röntgen’s X-rays之间是主动关系，讲述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时态。故填made。 Passage 6 Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person 51 can be better prepared for my future life. I think I will need to play more sports. I plan to run every day in order to have a 52 (power) body. I even look forward to 53 (run) an exciting half marathon. One thing I really want to change is the time I spend in the online world and it’s time to get out of it and make a 54 (different) in the real world. In fact, up until this year I might have been described as 55 Internet addict, 56 now I determine to do some more meaningful things through the Internet. A few weeks ago, when I was surfing the Internet, I 57 (attract) by a website of a charity(慈善) organization. It 58 (impress) me so much that I wished to be one of the responsible and warm-hearted 59 (volunteer) to help the children in need. 60 (actual), in the future, maybe I can start my own charity. 【答案】 51. who/that 52. powerful 53. running 54. difference 55. an 56. but 57. was attracted 58. impressed 59. volunteers 60. Actually 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一位高中生决心通过运动和减少上网时间来提升自我，准备未来生活，并参与慈善活动的故事。 51. 考查定语从句。句意：现在我已经成为一名高中生，这意味着我有机会成为一个不同的人，可以更好地为我未来的生活做准备。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词person指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 52. 考查形容词。句意：我计划每天跑步，为了有一个强大的身体。此处为形容词作定语修饰body，power的形容词为powerful意为“强大的”,符合句意。故填powerful。 53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我甚至期待着跑一场激动人心的半程马拉松。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，look forward to意为“期待”，其中to为介词，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填running。 54. 考查名词。句意：我真正想改变的一件事是我花在网络世界上的时间，现在是时候离开它，在现实世界中有所作为了。此处为名词作宾语，different的名词为difference，make a difference意为“有所作为，产生影响”。故填difference。 55. 考查冠词。句意：事实上，直到今年，我可能被描述为一个网络上瘾者，但现在我决定通过互联网做一些更有意义的事情。addict意为“上瘾者”，为可数名词单数，其前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个上瘾者”，表示泛指，所以使用不定冠词，Internet的首个音素为元音，所以使用不定冠词an。故填an。 56. 考查连词。句意：事实上，直到今年，我可能被描述为一个上网成瘾者，但现在我决定通过互联网做一些更有意义的事情。空前和空后为两个句子，此处使用连词，结合句意，上下文之间为转折意义，所以此处使用表示转折关系的连词but。故填but。 57. 考查谓语动词。句意：几个星期前，当我上网时，我被一个慈善机构的网站吸引了。此处为谓语动词，结合时间状语A few weeks ago可知，此处使用一般过去时，attract与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为I，所以be动词为was。故填was attracted。 58. 考查谓语动词。句意：它给我留下了深刻的印象，我希望成为一名负责任和热心的志愿者，帮助有需要的孩子。此处为谓语动词，根据语境以及从句中的谓语动词wished可知，此处使用一般过去时，impress与主语it之间为主动关系。故填impressed。 59. 考查名词复数。句意：它给我留下了深刻的印象，我希望成为一名负责任和热心的志愿者，帮助有需要的孩子。此处为名词作宾语，根据“one of+名词复数”意为“……之一”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填volunteers。 60. 考查副词。句意：事实上，在未来，也许我可以创办自己的慈善机构。此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，actual的副词为actually意为“事实上”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。 ( 8 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) I. 单句语法填空 1. There is no simple solution ________ this problem. 2. With great determination and a clear ________(intend), he went on a journey to explore the unknown world. 3. The variety of food at the restaurant is ________(limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 4. The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of ________(survive). 5. A ________(short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 6. I ________(intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 7. A successful man should have courage, determination and ________(wise). 8. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what items it ________(contain). 9. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________(refer) to his notes. 10. Taking breaks during work hours can be ________(benefit) to increasing productivity. 11. The train soon speeded ________. 12. He stands alone as a ________(conduct) of modern Symphonic music. 13. To give a definition of a word is more different than to give ________ illustration of its use. 14. Working day and night，the wife paid ________ all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond others’ expectations. 15. They always look for excuses to postpone ________(do) something. 16. He gave an example of bravery and ________(wise).) 17. Don’t refer ________ your notes when answering questions, will you? 18. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very ________(sense) to the price. 19. A study ________(involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. 20. As senior high school students, we are supposed to take ________(responsible) for our own study. 21. Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with ________(science) methods. 22. For the purposes of ________(illustrate), some of the more important symptoms are listed below. 23. Women have gained the ________ to decide whether to marry or not. (free) 24. Palestinians have long demanded that refugees(难民) ________(permit) to return home. 25. They all went out to look for the lost child in the ________(surround) villages. 26. The museum is located in a park which is surrounded ________ a number of impressive buildings. 27. Some doctors believe ________(ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 28. For that reason, he ________(apply), and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 29. Some animals can change their colours according to the ________(surround). 30. Under China’s current policy, foreign travelers ________(permit) to enjoy a six-day stay in certain Chinese cities without a visa. 31. A firm handshake is generally regarded as an ________(indicate) that someone is confident. 32. Over a million people ________(apply) for being volunteers for the game before last week. 33. 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favor ________ the proposal for health care reform. 34. I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect ________(marry) of rice and milk. 35. If you have the ________(nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 36. My friend Lucy is leaving. I will do her ________ favor and drive her to the airport. 37. The novel I was looking forward to ________(publish) last week. 38. He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this ________(evolve) field of all time. II. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·甘肃白银·阶段练习)Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924. He entered the Southwest Associated University in 1941. In 1948, Deng 1 (admit) to the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA, 2 he received a doctorate in physics two years later. Nine days after he got his doctoral degree, he stepped onto the ship back to China and became 3 researcher of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He started nuclear theoretical research in 4 (cooperate) with Yu Min. In October 1958, together with many other scientists, Deng 5 (take) up the research work of atomic bombs. Deng led the team of 28 members at an average age of 23 to march toward the 6 (mystery) atomic kingdom. 7 (follow) the successful test of the atomic bomb, Deng led his team to join the research group 8 (lead) by Yu Min in1965 and immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb. In an experiment in 1979, a bomb fell directly down to the ground because of a crack in the parachute. He rushed to the spot and examined it 9 (careful). Unfortunately, this led to radiation sickness. He continued to work 10 spite of illness until 1985. On his sickbed, he said, “I knew this day will come, but hadn’t expected it so soon.” After Deng passed away, his friend Chen-Ning Yang wrote an article in mourning. Passage 2 Through Snow’s 11 (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, there are millions of people around the world 12 (infect) with cholera and many die 13 it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. For this reason, Snow 14 (recognize) the father of modern epidemiology. Qian read a lot and was 15 (extreme) knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 16 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his deep appreciation for art, 17 (inspire) him a lot in his scientific research. In Quanzhou, Fujian, there is a small fishing village where houses are not built with bricks and tiles 18 with oyster shells. Many tourists come to experience a thousand-year-old folk custom called “Zanhua” (Adorning Flowers). The process of Quanzhou head-pinned flowers is complicated, including cutting, laying, coloring and so on. The main materials for making hair-wearing flowers are metal wire, jewelry stone, colored pearls, etc. These materials are cleverly combined 19 (form) a variety of flower patterns, each of 20 conveys people’s expectations for a better life and good luck. Passage 3 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 21 research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou, a 22 (commit) and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 23 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 24 (choose). In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find 25 (tradition) botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from 26 fourth century suggested using the extract from tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. 27 (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 28 (apparent) destroyed its medical 29 (property). Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. This medicine, which 30 (call) artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Passage 4 “Father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping died of illness at 13:07 p.m. in 31 hospital in Changsha of Hunan province. He 32 (cultivate) the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, 33 was later grown on a large scale in China and other countries to substantially raise output. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One is that people can enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men. The other is that hybrid rice could 34 (grow) all over the world to help solve the 35 (globe) food shortage. Everyone knows 36 he is the Savior(救世主), but he said he is an old farmer who has grown rice all 37 (he) life, and that he would keep working unless he could no longer see or walk. On September 19, 2020, Yuan Longping sent his best 38 (wish) to the youth and shared his eight word successful experience: knowledge, sweat, and opportunity. “Knowledge is the foundation. Sweat is the practice,” he said. “Inspiration is a spark of thought. Everyone has a spark of thought so don’t give it up.” He also said “Chance favors the 39 (prepare) mind!” in English. Our best way 40 (honour) him is to cherish every grain in the bowl and every day without starvation. Passage 5 Wilhelm Röntgen was 41 German scientist. In 1895 he was working in his laboratory 42 he discovered X-rays by accident. A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife’s hand. It 43 (clear) showed her wedding ring and her bones. He sent a report about his work to the Medical Society of his city. Soon after, newspapers all 44 the world wrote about his 45 (discover), for 46 Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. X-rays are still a big part of our lives. Doctors and dentists use X-rays 47 (look) inside the body. 48 (use) X-rays, airlines look inside baggage and scientists study the stars. How did Röntgen choose the name “X-ray”? He called these rays “X” rays to show they were an unknown type of radiation(放射线). In mathematics, we usually use the letter “x” for quantities we don’t know. Many of Röntgen’s friends wanted him to call 49 (they) Röntgen rays, but he didn’t. The name “X-ray” stayed but Röntgen’s X-rays 50 (make) our world change. Passage 6 Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person 51 can be better prepared for my future life. I think I will need to play more sports. I plan to run every day in order to have a 52 (power) body. I even look forward to 53 (run) an exciting half marathon. One thing I really want to change is the time I spend in the online world and it’s time to get out of it and make a 54 (different) in the real world. In fact, up until this year I might have been described as 55 Internet addict, 56 now I determine to do some more meaningful things through the Internet. A few weeks ago, when I was surfing the Internet, I 57 (attract) by a website of a charity(慈善) organization. It 58 (impress) me so much that I wished to be one of the responsible and warm-hearted 59 (volunteer) to help the children in need. 60 (actual), in the future, maybe I can start my own charity. ( 4 / 4 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$