专题01 Unit 4 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)--2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) I.必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　 n. 共和国;共和政体 2. adj. 致命的;非常的;十足的;彻底的 3. n.省,省份 4. n. 实验,试验;尝试vi. 尝试;做试验;进行实验 5. n. 试验;审讯;考验 vi. & vt.试验,测试 6. adj. 家庭的,家用的;家喻户晓的 n.一家人,家庭 7. vt. 延期;延迟 8. adj. 足够的;充足的 9. vt. 阐明,举例说明;加插图于 10. n.金属 11. n.数据,资料,材料 12. n. 事故;意外; 意外事件,偶然的事 13. n. 政治家,政客;投机钻营者 14. n. 电;电能 15. adj. 杰出的;出色的n.突出的人(或物) 16. n.学说,论;原理;看法,意见 17. n. 信用;学分;信任;认可 vt. 存入金额;把……归于 18. adj. 道德的 n. 品行 19. vt. 否定;取消,使无效 20. n. 权威;权力;当局 21. vt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 22. vt. 出版;发表;公布 23. adj.电的,发电的,电动的 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. Let’s ________(延迟) making a decision until we have more information. 2. The chemistry teacher together with some students is doing e________ in the lab now. 3. We are c________ a survey of customers' attitudes toward organic food. 4. After the big earthquake, the big city lay in ruins, and water, food and e________(电) were hard to get. 5. Every year there are many ________(事故) caused by setting off firecrackers. 6. ________(哽咽) by overwhelming sadness, she stood there silently, with tears misting her eyes. 7. While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear ________(突出的物) is the lemon pie. 8. To test the ________(理论), they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order. 9. I don’t have enough ________(学分) to graduate. 10. Children often begin to question their parents’ a________(权力，权威) at a very early age. 11. Parents should i________ themselves in the education of their children. 12. NASA ________(to tell people sth. officially or publicly) Thursday that it’s looking for a partner who can take on that task. Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. vt. 幸存;生还;幸免于→ n. 幸存,残存物;生存→ n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 2. adj. 宽的,辽阔的→ vi. 扩大,变阔;变宽vt. 使扩大;使变宽 3. vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→ n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及 4. n. 利益,好处vt. 有益于→ adj. 有益的,有用的 5. adj. 智能的;聪明的→ n. 智力;理解力;才智,智慧 6. n. 偏爱;赞同,帮助 vt. 赞成;较喜欢;有助于→ adj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的 7. vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于→ n. 参与;牵连;包含 8. vt.&vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用→ n. 应用;申请;应用程序;敷 9. vt. 驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬→ adj. 无知的;愚昧的→ n. 无知,愚昧;不知 10. vi.& vt.许可;允许n. 许可证,执照→ n. 允许,许可 11. adj. 负责的,可靠的→ n. 责任,职责;义务 12. vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指→ adj.预期的,计划的,打算的→ n.打算,计划,目的 13. vt.&n.限制,限定;界限,限度 → adj.有限的→ n.限制,局限 14. vt.包含;容纳;克制→ n.容器;集装箱,货柜 15. adj.明智的,英明的,充满智慧的→ n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→ adv.明智地,英明地 16. vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→ n.指挥;售票员;导体 17. vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n.周围的事物;环境 18. adj.自由的;免费的→ n.自由→ adv.自由地;畅通地 19. vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ n.表明,宣称;公布,宣布 20. n.国家;民族→ adj.国家的;民族的→ n.国籍;民族 21. vi.&vt.进化;(使)逐步发展,(使)逐步演变→ n.进化;演变,发展 22. vi.&vt.结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给→ n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 23. n. 科学→ adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的→ n.科学家  24. n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品→ adj.神秘的 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. The variety of food at the restaurant is ________(limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 2. The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of ________(survive). 3. A ________(short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 4. A successful man should have courage, determination and ________(wise). 5. Taking breaks during work hours can be ________(benefit) to increasing productivity. 6. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very ________(sense) to the price. 7. Based on ________(science) research, the report is reliable and convincing. 8. Some doctors believe ________(ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 9. Every country must take its own share of ________(responsible) for the world’s sustainable development and Japan is no exception. 10. He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this ________(evolve) field of all time. 11. If you have the ________(nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 12. I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect ________(marry) of rice and milk. IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. 　　　　　 参考;查阅;涉及;指的是  2. (使)加速  3. 成功;奏效;达到目的  4. 反复试验  5. 偶然;意外地  6. 很成功;引人注意;有强烈影响  7. 使某人失望  8. 至于;关于  9. 想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然   10. 提出;提议;建议  用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 let down, as to, take it for granted, put forward, put...at risk, be familiar to, provide with, turn over, in doubt, devote oneself to, 1. He that he would pass the exam. 2. No one has come up with a definitive answer why this thing happened. 3. The scientist researching the disease for an effective cure. 4. The global warming some wild species in that area. 5. The news everyone present at the meeting. 6. The company the customers modern equipment for exercising at that time. 7. The future of the stadium is because of a lack of money. 8. He failed in the exam again and his parents . 9. Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her things in her mind. 10. Over the years several similar theories about the formation of the solar system have been . Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.序数词后不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become ________________of the People’s Republic of China________________a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.  屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她获奖是因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出的贡献。 2.过去分词短语作状语 ________________________ an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取这种草药。  3. It is/was+adj.+to do However, ________________________ enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 4. find+宾语+宾语补足语 The story goes like this: Franklin ________________________ for years, believing it was actually electricity.故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。  5. be of +名词 The first way in which science ________________________ is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。 6. it充当形式宾语 Now, we scientists ________________________ it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为,(人类)生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 完成句子 1. 正是他的智慧和努力使他成功。(强调句) ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这场意外让他们意识到生命的脆弱，促使他们珍惜每一刻，珍惜有意义的联系。(非谓语，现在分词 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我突然想到，爸爸教我的宝贵的一课肯定会指导我的未来。(it形式主语+主句从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 这个创造性的化学实验激发了孩子们的好奇心，引导他们仔细地探索每一个步骤。(curiosity) ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 军事使节甘英考查了波斯湾，成为第一个了解欧洲的中国人。(the+序数词(+名词)+不定式) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我觉得数学很难学，但我有信心在你的帮助下我能实现我的目标。(find＋宾语＋宾补) 7. 那个女孩躺在草地上, 双手交叉放在头下。(过去分词作状语) The girl is lying on the grass, . 8. 在这次短暂的国事访问期间，一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。(be+of +n.) The symbolism of every gesture   during the short state visit. 9. 他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。 He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak . Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in 1930.She studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After 1.________(graduate), she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.In 1969 she became head of a team that intended 2.________(find) a cure for malaria.She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes 3.________ made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.She also referred 4.________ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.On 4 October 1971, after 190 5.________(fail), she succeeded in making qinghao extract 6.________ could treat malaria in mice.To ensure the safety of qinghao extract, she and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on 7.________(they) first.In November 1972, through trial and error, they 8.________(successful) discovered qinghaosu which 9.________(benefit) about 200 million malaria patients since its discovery.On October 5,2015,she 10.________(award) a Nobel Prize for her great contribution.  2. Extended reading 　　During the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was 1.________(obvious) a very serious matter: It represented the destruction of people. I asked myself, “What is the value of science? Is there some evil 2.________(involve) in science? ” The first value of science is that scientific knowledge enables us 3.________(do) all kinds of things and to make all kinds of things. Or rather, scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good 4.________ bad—but it does not carry instructions on 5.________ to use it.  　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 6.________. Thanks to the 7.________(science) effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things 8.________(fantastic) than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.  　　The third value of science 9.________(lie) in the fact that it can lead scientists to doubt and struggle against authority.It’s scientists’ 10.________(responsible) to teach people to have the freedom of thought and doubt. 附:单元词汇记忆表 republic n.共和国，共和政体 *malaria n.疟疾 deadly adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的 survival n.生存,存活；残存物，幸存事物 province n.省，省份 broad adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的 intend vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指 *extract n.提取物;选录vt.提取;选录;取出;设法得到 herb n.药草,香草；草本 refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及 experiment n.实验,试验;尝试,实践vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试 trial n.试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验vi.&vt.测试,试验 limited adj.有限的 household adj.家庭的,家用的,家务的n.一家人,家庭 container n.容器;集装箱,货柜 postpone vt.延迟,延期 sufficient adj.足够的,充足的 data n.数据,资料,材料 speed up(使)加速 pay off成功,奏效,达到目的 error n.错误,差错 through trial and error反复试验 wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智 beneficial adj.有益的,有用的 conduct vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止 illustrate vt.说明,解释;加插图于 penicillin n.青霉素,盘尼西林 mould (AmE mold)n.霉菌;模具;类型vt.浇铸;塑造 *bacteria n. (sing. bacterium)细菌 surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与…紧密相关 indicate vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出 accident n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇 by accident偶然,意外地 intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的 favour (AmE favor)vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 politician n.政治家,从政者;投机钻营者 *lightning n.闪电 electricity n.电,电能 theory n.学说,论;原理;看法,意见 thunderstorm n.雷雨,雷暴 *ribbon n.带子,丝带;带状物 metal n.金属 charge vt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使…承担责任;使充满n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 electric adj.电的,发电的,电动的 *bang n.突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击vi.&vt.砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞 with a bang很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响 standout adj.突出的n.突出的人(或物) *atomic adj.原子能的;原子的 bomb n.炸弹;核武器vt.轰炸 *evil n.罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的 involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加 scientific adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的 credit n.赞扬,认可;信用vt.存入金额;把…归于 moral adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的n.品行,道德;寓意 apply vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关 negate vt.取消,使无效;否认,否定 *intellectual adj.脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的n.知识分子,脑力劳动者 *mystery n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品 let sb down使某人失望 ignorance n.无知 as to关于,至于 take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为…是理所当然 freedom n.自由 authority n.权威,权力;官方 permit vt.&vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能n.许可证 responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务 declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报 nationality n.国籍;民族 put forward提出,提议,建议 *evolution n.进化;演变,发展 publish vt.出版,发行;发表;公布 marriage n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态(55) ( 8 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) I.必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　 n. 共和国;共和政体 2. adj. 致命的;非常的;十足的;彻底的 3. n.省,省份 4. n. 实验,试验;尝试vi. 尝试;做试验;进行实验 5. n. 试验;审讯;考验 vi. & vt.试验,测试 6. adj. 家庭的,家用的;家喻户晓的 n.一家人,家庭 7. vt. 延期;延迟 8. adj. 足够的;充足的 9. vt. 阐明,举例说明;加插图于 10. n.金属 11. n.数据,资料,材料 12. n. 事故;意外; 意外事件,偶然的事 13. n. 政治家,政客;投机钻营者 14. n. 电;电能 15. adj. 杰出的;出色的n.突出的人(或物) 16. n.学说,论;原理;看法,意见 17. n. 信用;学分;信任;认可 vt. 存入金额;把……归于 18. adj. 道德的 n. 品行 19. vt. 否定;取消,使无效 20. n. 权威;权力;当局 21. vt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 22. vt. 出版;发表;公布 23. adj.电的,发电的,电动的 【答案】1. republic 2.deadly 3. province 4. experiment 5. trial 6. household 7. postpone 8. sufficient 9. illustrate 10.metal 11.data 12.accident 13.politician 14. electricity 15.standout 16. theory 17. credit 18.moral 19. negate 20. authority 21. charge 22. publish 23. electric 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. Let’s ________(延迟) making a decision until we have more information. 【答案】postpone 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们先了解更多的情况再作决定吧。根据汉语提示“延迟”，空处填动词postpone，空前是Let’s，所以该空填动词原形，作宾语补足语。故填postpone。 2. The chemistry teacher together with some students is doing e________ in the lab now. 【答案】experiments/xperiments 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：化学老师和一些学生正在实验室里做实验。根据句子的“chemistry teacher”和“in the lab”以及首字母提示可知，空处填名词experiment，此处表示不只一个实验，所以用名词复数，即experiments，作宾语。故填experiments。 3. We are c________ a survey of customers' attitudes toward organic food. 【答案】onducting/conducting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们正在进行一项顾客对有机食品态度的调查。根据空后名词a survey和首字母提示，空处填动词conduct，表示“实施，组织”，由句意可知，此处表示此刻正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，空前有are，所以空处填conducting，构成现在进行时结构are conducting。故填conducting。 4. After the big earthquake, the big city lay in ruins, and water, food and e________(电) were hard to get. 【答案】electricity/lectricity 【详解】考查名词。句意：大地震后，大城市变成了废墟，水、食物和电力都很难获得。根据单词首字母以及句意“电”以及上文water, food and可知，空处应填名词electricity，与 “water, food”并列，作主语，electricity为不可数名词。故填electricity。 5. Every year there are many ________(事故) caused by setting off firecrackers. 【答案】accidents 【详解】考查名词。句意：每年都有许多放鞭炮造成的事故。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“事故”应用accident，为可数名词，且由空前many可知，此空应填名词复数作主语。故填accidents。 6. ________(哽咽) by overwhelming sadness, she stood there silently, with tears misting her eyes. 【答案】Choked 【详解】考查动词。句意：她悲伤得喘不过气来，默默地站在那里，泪水模糊了她的双眼。根据汉语提示可知用动词choke，与she构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Choked。 7. While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear ________(突出的物) is the lemon pie. 【答案】standout 【详解】考查名词。句意：虽然所有的甜点都很不错，但最突出的是柠檬派。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要“突出的物”对应的名词standout，作主语，由is可知，应用单数。故填standout。 8. To test the ________(理论), they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order. 【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了验证这一理论，他们教志愿者两条简单的规则，帮助他们把一串数字转换成新的顺序。表示“理论”应用名词theory作宾语。故填theory。 9. I don’t have enough ________(学分) to graduate. 【答案】credits 【详解】考查名词。句意：我没有足够的学分毕业。“学分”是credit，不止一个，用复数，故填credits。 10. Children often begin to question their parents’ a________(权力，权威) at a very early age. 【答案】authority/uthority 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们往往在很小的时候就开始质疑父母的权威。根据单词首字母以及句意“权力，权威”可知，应填名词authority，作宾语，authority为不可数名词。故填authority。 11. Parents should i________ themselves in the education of their children. 【答案】involve/nvolve 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：父母应该参与孩子的教育。短语involve oneself in，意为“参与”，符合句意和首字母，接在should后，应用动词原形，故填involve。 12. NASA ________(to tell people sth. officially or publicly) Thursday that it’s looking for a partner who can take on that task. 【答案】declared 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：美国宇航局周四宣布，它正在寻找一个可以承担这项任务的合作伙伴。根据英文提示“to tell people sth. officially or publicly(正式地或公开地告诉人们某事)”可知，应是动词“declare”，意为“公布；宣布；宣告”，在句中作谓语动词，结合语境，可用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式。故填declared。 Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. vt. 幸存;生还;幸免于→ n. 幸存,残存物;生存→ n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 2. adj. 宽的,辽阔的→ vi. 扩大,变阔;变宽vt. 使扩大;使变宽 3. vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→ n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及 4. n. 利益,好处vt. 有益于→ adj. 有益的,有用的 5. adj. 智能的;聪明的→ n. 智力;理解力;才智,智慧 6. n. 偏爱;赞同,帮助 vt. 赞成;较喜欢;有助于→ adj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的 7. vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于→ n. 参与;牵连;包含 8. vt.&vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用→ n. 应用;申请;应用程序;敷 9. vt. 驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬→ adj. 无知的;愚昧的→ n. 无知,愚昧;不知 10. vi.& vt.许可;允许n. 许可证,执照→ n. 允许,许可 11. adj. 负责的,可靠的→ n. 责任,职责;义务 12. vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指→ adj.预期的,计划的,打算的→ n.打算,计划,目的 13. vt.&n.限制,限定;界限,限度 → adj.有限的→ n.限制,局限 14. vt.包含;容纳;克制→ n.容器;集装箱,货柜 15. adj.明智的,英明的,充满智慧的→ n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→ adv.明智地,英明地 16. vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→ n.指挥;售票员;导体 17. vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n.周围的事物;环境 18. adj.自由的;免费的→ n.自由→ adv.自由地;畅通地 19. vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ n.表明,宣称;公布,宣布 20. n.国家;民族→ adj.国家的;民族的→ n.国籍;民族 21. vi.&vt.进化;(使)逐步发展,(使)逐步演变→ n.进化;演变,发展 22. vi.&vt.结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给→ n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 23. n. 科学→ adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的→ n.科学家  24. n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品→ adj.神秘的 【答案】1. survive, survival, survivor 2. broad, broaden 3. refer, reference 4. benefit, beneficial 5. intelligent, intelligence 6. favour, favorable 7. involve, involvement 8. apply, application 9. ignore, ignorant, ignorance 10. permit, permission 11.responsible, responsibility 12. intend, intended, intention 13.limit, limited, limitation 14.contain, container 15. wise, wisdom, wisely 16.conduct, conductor 17.surround, surrounding, surroundings 18. free, freedom, freely 19. declare, declaration 20. nation, national, nationality 21. evolve , evolution 22. marry, marriage23. science, scientific, scientist 24. mystery, mysterious 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. The variety of food at the restaurant is ________(limit), but the amount of each dish is fairly large. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家餐厅的食物种类有限，但每道菜的量都相当大。根据句意以及空前is为系动词可知，此处为形容词limited“有限的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填limited。 2. The advances in modern technology can significantly improve patient’s chance of ________(survive). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代技术的进步能显著提高病人的生存机会。设空处应填名词作介词of的宾语，survive的名词形式是survival。故填survival。 3. A ________(short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：资金短缺让联合国无法监管救济工作。a shortage of，表示“短缺”为固定短语。故填shortage。 4. A successful man should have courage, determination and ________(wise). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个成功的人应该有勇气、决心和智慧。根据and可知，空处应和courage以及determination并列，所以应填名词作宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom。故填wisdom。 5. Taking breaks during work hours can be ________(benefit) to increasing productivity. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：工作时间休息有利于提高工作效率。空处作表语，形容词beneficial符合题意，be beneficial to对……有好处。故填beneficial。 6. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very ________(sense) to the price. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，消费者对价格仍然非常敏感。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词sensitive“敏感的”，作表语。be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。 7. Based on ________(science) research, the report is reliable and convincing. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该报告基于科学研究，可靠可信。根据句意和空格后的名词research可知，空格处应该用形容词scientific作定语，修饰后面的名词research。故填scientific。 8. Some doctors believe ________(ignore) is a good thing and don’t give their patients all the facts. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：一些医生认为无知是好事，并且他们不会告诉病人所有的事实。此处作宾语从句的主语，表示“无知”应用所给词“ignore”的名词形式ignorance，不可数名词。故填ignorance。 9. Every country must take its own share of ________(responsible) for the world’s sustainable development and Japan is no exception. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：每个国家都必须为世界的可持续发展承担自己的责任，日本也不例外。空前有介词of，所以空处应用名词responsibility，意为“责任”，作宾语。故填responsibility。 10. He was regarded as the most remarkable scientist in this ________(evolve) field of all time. 【答案】evolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：他一直被认为是进化论领域最杰出的科学家。根据句意及空后名词field可知，句中表示“进化论领域”，设空处应用名词evolution作定语修饰field。故填evolution。 11. If you have the ________(nation) of a particular country, you’ll have the legal right to be a citizen. 【答案】nationality 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你有某个国家的国籍，你就有成为公民的合法权利。空处需填名词nationality“国籍”，作宾语，根据空后“of a particular country”可知，表示某一个特定国家的国籍，应用单数形式。故填nationality。 12. I take my time over every spoonful, enjoying the perfect ________(marry) of rice and milk. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：每舀一勺，我都不费口舌，享受着米饭和牛奶的完美结合。空格处位于形容词之后，因此需要填入名词；marry的名词为marriage；此处特指，所以用单数。故填marriage。 IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. 　　　　　 参考;查阅;涉及;指的是  2. (使)加速  3. 成功;奏效;达到目的  4. 反复试验  5. 偶然;意外地  6. 很成功;引人注意;有强烈影响  7. 使某人失望  8. 至于;关于  9. 想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然   10. 提出;提议;建议  【答案】 1. refer to 2. speed up 3. pay off 4. through trial and error 5. by accident 6. with a bang 7. let sb. down 8. as to 9. take it for granted 10. put forward 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 let down, as to, take it for granted, put forward, put...at risk, be familiar to, provide with, turn over, in doubt, devote oneself to, 1. He that he would pass the exam. 2. No one has come up with a definitive answer why this thing happened. 3. The scientist researching the disease for an effective cure. 4. The global warming some wild species in that area. 5. The news everyone present at the meeting. 6. The company the customers modern equipment for exercising at that time. 7. The future of the stadium is because of a lack of money. 8. He failed in the exam again and his parents . 9. Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her things in her mind. 10. Over the years several similar theories about the formation of the solar system have been . 【答案】1. took it for granted 2. as to 3. devoted himself to 4. put; at risk 5. was familiar to 6. provided; with 7. in doubt 8. let; down 9. turning; over 10. put forward 【解析】1. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：他认为他会通过考试是理所当然的。本题用固定搭配take it for granted意为“认为……理所当然”，根据“that he would pass the exam.”可知，句子用一般过去时态。故填took it for granted。 2. 考查固定搭配。句意：没有人给出关于这件事为何发生的确切答案。根据“why this thing happened.”可知，本题用固定搭配as to意为“关于，至于”，表示“关于这件事为何发生的确切答案”。故填as to。 3. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：这位科学家致力于研究这种疾病的治疗方法。根据“researching the disease for an effective cure.”可知，本题用固定搭配devote oneself to意为“致力于……”，表示“致力于研究这种疾病的有效疗法”。结合句意，此处陈述这位科学家所做的贡献，是在陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填devoted himself to。 4. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：全球变暖使那个地区的一些野生动物处于危险之中。根据“The global warming...some wild species”可知，本题用固定搭配put...at risk意为“使……处于危险之中”，表示“全球变暖给一些野生物种带来的威胁”。结合句意，陈述发生过的情况，用一般过去时态，第一空作谓语，put的过去式同原形一致；第二空需填介词短语at risk“处于危险之中”，作宾语补足语。故填put；at risk。 5. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：这条新闻对在场的所有人都很熟悉。本题用固定搭配be familiar to意为“为……所熟知”。结合句意，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语the news为不可数名词，系动词用单数was。故填was familiar to。 6. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：当时这家公司为顾客提供了现代健身设备。根据“ the customers...modern equipment for exercising”可知，本题用固定搭配 provide with意为“提供……给……”，表示“为顾客提供了现代健身设备”。根据“at that time”可知，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，第一空动词作谓语；第二空with的介词短语。故填provided；with。 7. 考查固定搭配。句意：由于缺乏资金，体育场的未来不确定。根据“because of a lack of money.”可知，本题用固定搭配in doubt意为“怀疑，不确定”，表示“因缺乏资金，而不确定”。放于系动词后作表语。故填in doubt。 8. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：他又一次考试不及格，让他的父母失望。本题用固定搭配let down表示“让某人失望”，空处与failed作并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，let的过去式和原形一致。故填let；down。 9. 考查固定搭配、非谓语动词。句意：即使她什么也没说，你也能看出她在心里反复思考事情。根据“things...in her mind.”可知，本题用固定搭配turn over意为“反复思考”，表示“在心里反复思考事情”。主句谓语为could see，空处作非谓语，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，空处应填动词的现在分词形式，作宾语补足语。故填turning；over。 10. 考查固定搭配、时态。句意：多年来，关于太阳系形成的一些类似理论已经被提出。本题用固定搭配put forward表示“提出”，在句中作谓语，且主语several similar theories about the formation of the solar system与put forward存在被动关系，需填过去分词形式，构成现在完成时的被动语态，表示“一些类似理论已经被提出”。put 的过去分词形式同原形一致。故填put forward。 Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.序数词后不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become ________________of the People’s Republic of China________________a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.  屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她获奖是因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出的贡献。 2.过去分词短语作状语 ________________________ an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取这种草药。  3. It is/was+adj.+to do However, ________________________ enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 4. find+宾语+宾语补足语 The story goes like this: Franklin ________________________ for years, believing it was actually electricity.故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。  5. be of +名词 The first way in which science ________________________ is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。 6. it充当形式宾语 Now, we scientists ________________________ it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为,(人类)生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 答案： 1. the first female scientist; to receive 2. Inspired by 3. it was hard to produce 4. had found lightning interesting 5. is of value 6. take it for granted that 完成句子 1. 正是他的智慧和努力使他成功。(强调句) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was his wisdom and efforts that made him successful. 【详解】考查强调句型。句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，“他的智慧和努力”译为并列的名词his wisdom and efforts，“使某人……”使用“make+宾语+宾补”，“成功”使用形容词successful作宾补，此处使用强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，被强调部分是主语his wisdom and efforts，故翻译为：It was his wisdom and efforts that made him successful. 2. 这场意外让他们意识到生命的脆弱，促使他们珍惜每一刻，珍惜有意义的联系。(非谓语，现在分词 ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The accident made them appreciate the fragility of life, prompting them to cherish every moment and treasure meaningful connections. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。“这场意外”是the accident，“让某人做某事”是make sb. do sth.，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，make用过去式，“意识到生命的脆弱”是appreciate the fragility of life，“促使某人做某事”是prompt sb. to do，谓语是made，prompt用非谓语动词，The accident和prompt之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，“珍惜每一刻”是cherish every moment，“珍惜有意义的联系”是treasure meaningful connections，用and连接两个动作。故答案为The accident made them appreciate the fragility of life, prompting them to cherish every moment and treasure meaningful connections. 3. 我突然想到，爸爸教我的宝贵的一课肯定会指导我的未来。(it形式主语+主句从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It occurred to me that the precious lesson taught by my Dad would definitely guide the way of my future. 【详解】考查主语从句。句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，“我突然想到”使用固定句型It occurred to me that，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，“宝贵的一课”译为the precious lesson，“教”使用动词teach，和lesson之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词短语taught by my Dad作定语，“肯定”使用副词definitely，“指导我的未来”译为guide the way of my future，从句表示将来，使用过去将来时，故翻译为：It occurred to me that the precious lesson taught by my Dad would definitely guide the way of my future. 4. 这个创造性的化学实验激发了孩子们的好奇心，引导他们仔细地探索每一个步骤。(curiosity) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This creative chemical/ chemistry experiment aroused the children’s curiosity and guided them to explore each step carefully. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、形容词和名词。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。“这个创造性的化学实验”可以翻译为名词短语“This creative chemical/chemistry experiment”，作主语，其中creative“创造性的”为形容词，作定语，chemical/chemistry experiment“化学实验”，其中chemical“化学的”为形容词，作定语修饰名词experiment，chemistry“化学”为名词，作定语修饰名词experiment，两者均可。“激发了孩子们的好奇心”可以翻译为aroused the children’s curiosity，其中arouse“激发”为动词，作谓语，用过去式aroused；the children’s curiosity“孩子们的好奇心”为名词短语，作宾语。“引导他们仔细地探索每一个步骤”可以翻译为guided them to explore each step carefully，其中guide“引导”为动词，与aroused并列，用过去式guided作谓语，用连词and连接；to explore each step“探索每一步”为不定式短语作宾语补足语；carefully“仔细地”为副词，作状语修饰动词explore。故翻译为This creative chemical/chemistry experiment aroused the children’s curiosity and guided them to explore each step carefully。 5. 军事使节甘英考查了波斯湾，成为第一个了解欧洲的中国人。(the+序数词(+名词)+不定式) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. 【详解】考查时态和动词不定式。结合句意可知，explore (考查)和become (成为)用一般过去时，a military envoy (军事使节)做Gan Ying的同位语，动词不定式短语to get information on Europe做后置定语，修饰名词短语the first Chinese，故翻译为：Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. 6. 我觉得数学很难学，但我有信心在你的帮助下我能实现我的目标。(find＋宾语＋宾补) 【答案】I find maths difficult to learn, but I am confident that I can achieve my goals with your help. 【详解】考查固定结构和状语从句。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，表示“我觉得数学很难学”用I find maths difficult to learn，名词maths作宾语，difficult to learn作宾补。表示“但是”用but，前后两个句子构成转折关系，表示“我有信心”用I am confident，表示“我能实现我的目标”用that I can achieve my goals，此处that引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，只起到连接作用，表示“实现”用achieve，表示“目标”用goal，此处表示复数意义，故使用名词复数形式，表示“在你的帮助下”使用介词短语with your help作状语。故翻译为I find maths difficult to learn, but I am confident that I can achieve my goals with your help. 7. 那个女孩躺在草地上, 双手交叉放在头下。(过去分词作状语) The girl is lying on the grass, . 【答案】her hands crossed under her head 【详解】考查非谓语动词和独立主格。“双手”翻译为her hands；“交叉”用动词cross表示；“放在头下”翻译为under her head；逗号前是完整的句子，逗号后的部分应该用独立主格表示，her hands和动词cross之间是被动关系，所以，应该用“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成的独立主格。故填her hands crossed under her head。 8. 在这次短暂的国事访问期间，一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。(be+of +n.) The symbolism of every gesture   during the short state visit. 【答案】will be of vital/great importance 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作谓语部分，“极其重要”可表达为“be of vital/great importance”；根据“during the short state visit(在这次短暂的国事访问期间)”可知句子表示的是将要发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时，故填 will be of vital/great importance。 9. 他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。 He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak . 【答案】as a representative 【详解】考查介词短语。表示“以代表的身份”为介词短语as a representative，作状语，介词as“作为”符合句意。故填as a representative。 Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in 1930.She studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After 1.________(graduate), she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.In 1969 she became head of a team that intended 2.________(find) a cure for malaria.She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes 3.________ made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.She also referred 4.________ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.On 4 October 1971, after 190 5.________(fail), she succeeded in making qinghao extract 6.________ could treat malaria in mice.To ensure the safety of qinghao extract, she and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on 7.________(they) first.In November 1972, through trial and error, they 8.________(successful) discovered qinghaosu which 9.________(benefit) about 200 million malaria patients since its discovery.On October 5,2015,she 10.________(award) a Nobel Prize for her great contribution.  【答案】1. graduation 2. to find 3. and 4. to 5. failures 6. that 7. themselves 8. successfully 9. has benefited 10. was awarded 2. Extended reading 　　During the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was 1.________(obvious) a very serious matter: It represented the destruction of people. I asked myself, “What is the value of science? Is there some evil 2.________(involve) in science? ” The first value of science is that scientific knowledge enables us 3.________(do) all kinds of things and to make all kinds of things. Or rather, scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good 4.________ bad—but it does not carry instructions on 5.________ to use it.  　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 6.________. Thanks to the 7.________(science) effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things 8.________(fantastic) than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.  　　The third value of science 9.________(lie) in the fact that it can lead scientists to doubt and struggle against authority.It’s scientists’ 10.________(responsible) to teach people to have the freedom of thought and doubt. 【答案】1. obviously 2. involved 3. to do 4. or 5. how 6. with 7. scientific 8. more fantastic 9.lies 10. responsibility 附:单元词汇记忆表 republic n.共和国，共和政体 *malaria n.疟疾 deadly adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的 survival n.生存,存活；残存物，幸存事物 province n.省，省份 broad adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的 intend vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指 *extract n.提取物;选录vt.提取;选录;取出;设法得到 herb n.药草,香草；草本 refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及 experiment n.实验,试验;尝试,实践vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试 trial n.试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验vi.&vt.测试,试验 limited adj.有限的 household adj.家庭的,家用的,家务的n.一家人,家庭 container n.容器;集装箱,货柜 postpone vt.延迟,延期 sufficient adj.足够的,充足的 data n.数据,资料,材料 speed up(使)加速 pay off成功,奏效,达到目的 error n.错误,差错 through trial and error反复试验 wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智 beneficial adj.有益的,有用的 conduct vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止 illustrate vt.说明,解释;加插图于 penicillin n.青霉素,盘尼西林 mould (AmE mold)n.霉菌;模具;类型vt.浇铸;塑造 *bacteria n. (sing. bacterium)细菌 surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与…紧密相关 indicate vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出 accident n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇 by accident偶然,意外地 intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的 favour (AmE favor)vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 politician n.政治家,从政者;投机钻营者 *lightning n.闪电 electricity n.电,电能 theory n.学说,论;原理;看法,意见 thunderstorm n.雷雨,雷暴 *ribbon n.带子,丝带;带状物 metal n.金属 charge vt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使…承担责任;使充满n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 electric adj.电的,发电的,电动的 *bang n.突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击vi.&vt.砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞 with a bang很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响 standout adj.突出的n.突出的人(或物) *atomic adj.原子能的;原子的 bomb n.炸弹;核武器vt.轰炸 *evil n.罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的 involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加 scientific adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的 credit n.赞扬,认可;信用vt.存入金额;把…归于 moral adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的n.品行,道德;寓意 apply vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关 negate vt.取消,使无效;否认,否定 *intellectual adj.脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的n.知识分子,脑力劳动者 *mystery n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品 let sb down使某人失望 ignorance n.无知 as to关于,至于 take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为…是理所当然 freedom n.自由 authority n.权威,权力;官方 permit vt.&vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能n.许可证 responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务 declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报 nationality n.国籍;民族 put forward提出,提议,建议 *evolution n.进化;演变,发展 publish vt.出版,发行;发表;公布 marriage n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态(55) ( 9 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$