Module 4重难点解析2024-2025学年外研版英语九年级下册

2025-02-16
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版(2012)九年级下册
年级 九年级
章节 Module 4 Rules and suggestions
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 95 KB
发布时间 2025-02-16
更新时间 2025-02-16
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-02-16
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课标单词 set off出发 sock短袜 whenever每当;无论如何 proper合适的;恰当的 edge边;边缘 yourself你自己 starve挨饿;饿死 go尝试;努力rock岩;岩石 stone石头 fairly相当;还算smooth无困难的;顺利的;光滑的;平坦的 straight直的;笔直的 fall变成;进入(某种状态) tent 帐篷 sudden突然的;急剧的 hang悬挂;吊gun枪 soft软的;柔软的 still静止的;不动的 wood(小)树林;林地blood 血;血液 课标短语 rock climbing 攀岩 in one go一口气;一下子 fall asleep睡着;入睡 语法 复习情态动词 Unit 1 1.OK, please pay attention for a moment! (1)pay attention是动词短语,意为“注意、留心”,可单独用在祈使句中,用于引起对方的注意。 Please pay attention.I have something important to tell you. 请注意。我有重要的事情要告诉你们。 (2)for a moment意为“一会儿”,是介词短语作时间状语,相当于for a while。 Could I borrow your English dictionary for a moment? =Could I borrow your English dictionary for a while? 我可以把你的英语字典借用一会儿吗? 知识拓展 pay attention to意为“注意”。attention的前面可以用形容词作定语,介词to的后面可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。 She pays little attention to her clothes.她对自己的衣着不怎么在意。 Pay attention to that man.He may be a thief. 注意那个男人。他也许是小偷。 We should pay attention to protecting the environment. 我们应该注意保护环境。 2.Before we set off, there are a few rules and suggestions for you. (1)Before we set off是before引导的时间状语从句,其中的set off是短语动词,意为“出发”。表示“出发去某地”用set off for+地点名词。 They’ve set off on a journey around the world. 他们开始环游世界了。 If you want to catch that train,you had better set off for the train station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车,你最好马上出发去火车站。 (2)suggestion是可数名词,意为“建议”。它的前面可以用a修饰,复数形式是suggestions。表示“关于......的建议”用suggestion(s) on+名词/V-ing/疑问词+动词不定式结构(on可以换成about)。 Anne offered a good suggestion. 安妮提出了一个不错的建议。 I can give you some suggestions on/about learning English. 我可以就学习英语给你一些建议。 知识回顾 advice作不可数名词时意为“建议”,不能用不定冠词修饰,没有单复数的变化。表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice。表示“几条建议”用a few pieces of advice。 I want a piece of advice from each of you. 我想要你们每人提一个建议。 You can turn to your parents for some advice on how to look for a job. 对于如何找工作, 你可以向父母请教。 3.First,is everyone wearing strong shoes and thick socks? sock是可数名词,意为“袜子”,复数形式是socks。它是成双成对出现的物品,可以用限定词+pair(s) of socks表示“......双袜子”。a/the/this/that/one pair of socks作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(the/these/those+)大于1的基数词+pairs of+复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 There is a pair of socks on the sofa.沙发上有一双袜子。 These two pairs of socks are mine.这两双袜子是我的。 特别关注 生活中成双成对的物品还有shoes(鞋子)、glasses(眼镜)、gloves(手套)、jeans(牛仔裤)、trousers(裤子)、scissors(剪刀)等。限定词+pair(s)+of都可以与它们连用构成名词短语,作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式由pair(s)来确定。 This pair of glasses is Ann’s. 这幅眼镜是安的。(pair是单数名词,谓语be动词要用is) There are three pairs of jeans here. 这里有三条牛仔裤。(pairs是复数可数名词,谓语be动词要用are) 4.OK, whenever you go walking in the hills, you should always wear proper clothes. (1)whenever...in the hills是whenever引导的让步状语从句。whenever在此意为“无论何时”,可以与no matter when互换使用。它引导让步状语从句时可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,放在主句前面时要用逗号将主、从句隔开。 Whenever you are in trouble,I will help you. =No matter when you are in trouble,I will help you.无论你何时有麻烦,我都会帮你。 知识拓展 whenever意为“每当”时引导时间状语从句,主从句都可以使用一般现在时或主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 Whenever we see him,we speak to him. 每当我们看到他,我们都和他说话。 She will turn to the police for help whenever she is in trouble. 每当她遇上麻烦,她总是向警方求助。 (2)go walking表示“去散步”。该短语由“go+V-ing”构成,表示“去进行某项活动”(此时V-ing作目的状语)。 比如:go hunting 去打猎 go camping 去野营 go fishing去钓鱼 go boating去划船 5.Now,you mustn’t walk too close to the edge of the hill path 句中too close to the edge...path用的是“too close to+名词”结构,作地点状语修饰mustn’t walk。too是程度副词,意为“太”,作程度状语修饰close。close to在此是“副词+介词”类型的短语,意为“靠近”,可以接表示“人、动物、事物”的词语。edge是可数名词,意为“边缘”,表示“在......的边缘”用at the edge of。 He is walking close to me.他正在走近我。 Don’t walk too close to that big dog.不要走得离那条大狗太近。 Look!There is a man standing at the edge of the cliff.看!有个男人站在悬崖边。 知识拓展 close to还可以作形容词短语,表示“离......近、亲近”,放在be动词后面作表语。 The supermarket is close to our school.这座超市离我们学校近。 In my family, all members are close to each other.在我家,所有成员都很亲近。 6.You mustn’t go off on your own. (1)句中go off是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“离开”。 They went off without telling us. 他们走时没有告诉我们。 知识归纳 go off还可以表示“响、爆炸、熄灭、被切断、变质”。 He heard the alarm go off. 他听见警报响了。 A bomb went off in the theater. 一颗炸弹在剧院里爆炸了。 The power went off during the high wind. 起大风时电被切断了。 Milk goes off easily in hot weather. 牛奶在热天很容易就变坏。 (2)on your own用的是on one’s own短语,意为“独自地、独立地”,one’s要用形容词性物主代词,而且要与主语的人称保持一致,相当于by oneself或alone。 The old man lives on his own. =The old man lives by himself. =The old man lives alone.那个老人一个人生活。 7.I’m starving! 【注释】starving在此作形容词,意为“极饿的”,是口语词汇,常用在系动词后面作表语。 Anyway, I need to get myself some late supper. I'm starving.  不管怎样,我要去吃点夜宵。我快饿死了。 知识拓展 1. starve作不及物动词时意为“挨饿”,构成短语starve to death,意为“饿死”。 A lot of children starved to death during the war. 很多孩子在战争期间饿死了。 2.starvation是不可数名词,意为“饿死”。 Over three hundred people have died of starvation since the beginning of the year. 从年初起,已有 300 多人饿死了。 8.Don’t drink all your water in one go 【句型】该句是祈使句的否定结构,由“Don’t+动词原形+其他.”构成,表示“不要做某事”,含有建议的口吻。 Don’t forget to come to my party tomorrow. 别忘了明天来我的聚会。 知识回顾 祈使句的肯定句型和否定句型: 1.肯定的祈使句可以用动词原形开头,句型如下: (1)Be型:Be+表语(名词/形容词). Be careful!小心! Be an honest child.做个诚实的孩子。 (2)Let型:Let sb(名词/人称代词的宾格)+动词原形+其他. Let him go home.让他回家吧。 (3)Do型:动词原形(除let以外)+其他. Carry this box.搬这个箱子。 2.否定的祈使句有三种形式: (1)Do型和Be型的否定句都是在动词原形前面加don’t。以never开头的祈使句也表示否定。 Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! Don’t play the guitar now!现在不要弹吉他! Never speak to strangers!不要跟陌生人说话! (2)let型的否定句有两种形式。 1)以let's开头的祈使句,常在let's的后面加not。 Let's not waste time.咱们不要浪费时间了。 2)let后面跟第一人称(me/us)、反身代词yourself/yourselves、第三人称名词/代词宾格时,常在let的前面加don't。 Don't let him go. 别让他走。 Don't let me go with her. 不要让我跟她一起去。 (3)标识牌中用“No+V-ing/名词!”表示“禁止......”。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No photos!禁止拍照! 3.祈使句的句首或句尾可以加上please,显得有礼貌。在结尾加please时要用逗号将它与前面内容隔开。 Please help me. 请帮助我。 Please don’t forget me.请不要忘记我。 4.含有祈使句的句型: (1)祈使句+and+陈述句表示“......就......”。 Study hard and you will make progress.刻苦学习,你就会进步。 (2)祈使句+or+陈述句表示“......否则......”(or可以换成or else、otherwise)。 Watch your step, or/or else/otherwise you may fall into the water. 留神脚下, 不然你会掉进水里的。 【注释】in one go是固定短语,意为“一口气、一下子”,可以与at one go互换使用。 They ate the packet of biscuits all in/at one go. 他们一下子把那包饼干全吃光了。 I have finished reading the book in/at one go. 我一口气把那本书读完了。 9.And you must be careful of falling stones. (1)句中用了be careful of短语,意为“小心、对......认真”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语,还可以接宾语从句。 We will be very careful of him. 我们会非常小心他的。 You are very careful of your work. 你对工作非常认真。 You must be careful of what you say to her. 你跟她说话可得多加小心。 知识归纳 be careful的其他搭配: 1)be careful in doing sth表示“做某事小心”。 They are careful in cleaning the windows. 他们小心地擦着窗户。 2)be careful with表示“谨慎对待”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。 You are very careful of your work.你对你的工作很谨慎。 We should be careful with him. 我们应该谨慎对待他。 3)be careful(not)to do sth表示“注意(不要)做某事” You must be careful not to misuse this word. 你们必须注意不要用错这个单词。 (2)falling rocks表示“滚落的岩石”。falling是fall的现在分词形式,作前置定语修饰rocks。它是由rocks发出的动作,表示主动而且动作正在进行。 People like the rhythm of the falling rain. 人们喜欢降雨的节奏声。 用法辨析 动名词和现在分词都是V-ing形式,单个动名词或现在分词都可以作定语,区别如下: 1.单个动名词只作前置定语修饰名词,说明被修饰词的用途。 This is a walking stick. =This is a stick for walking 这是一支拐杖。(walking是动名词,作前置定语修饰stick) 2.单个现在分词既可以作前置定语,又可以作后置定语。它作前置定语时既可以描述被修饰词的特征,又可以描述一个主动而且正在进行的动作。 China is a developing country. 中国是发展中国家。(developing是现在分词作前置定语修饰country,该动作正在进行) It was a pressing meeting and all members had to attend. 这是一次紧急会议,所有成员都得参加。(pressing是现在分词作前置定语修饰meeting,描述特征) There are a few soldiers drilling. 有几个士兵在操练。(drilling是现在分词作后置定语修饰soldiers,该动作正在进行) 10.OK, off we go, down this path off we go是部分倒装句,正常语序是we go off。当方位副词或介词短语提到句首时要进行倒装,起到强调或平衡句子结构的作用。如果主语是代词,则要用部分倒装句型“方位副词/介词短语+主语+谓语动词.”。 Out we go.我们出去吧。 In the kitchen he is.他在厨房里。 知识归纳 方位副词/介词短语+谓语+主语(名词).是完全倒装句。 There goes the bell. Let’s go into the classroom. 铃响了。我们进教室吧。 Around the sun are moving nine planets. 环绕太阳运行着九大行星。 Among these is Zhong Wei,a 46-year-old husband and father. 钟伟,一位46岁的丈夫和父亲,就是其中的一员。 11.Come on! come on在此意为“走吧”,含有鼓励或劝说的语气。 Come on, sing us a song. 来吧,给我们唱首歌。 知识归纳 come on常用在口语中,在不同的语境中表达不同的含义。 1.用来催促别人,意为“快点”。 Come on.It’s getting dark. 快点。天要黑了。 2.用于挑战或激怒对方,表示“来吧”。 Come on! I’m not afraid of you. 来吧!我不怕你。 Come on. I don’t think you can jump over it. 来吧。我才不信你能跳过去。 3.用于体育竞赛等场合鼓励队员,表示“加油”。 “Come on, Li!” shouted the Class I students. “小李,加油!”一班的学生喊道。 12. I’ll lead the way. leaf the way表示“带路”。lead作及物动词,意为“带领”,过去式和过去分词都是led,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。 He walked with a stick but still led his soldiers into battle. 尽管他拄着拐杖,但他仍带领士兵上战场。 You lead the way and we’ll follow. 你带路,我们跟着。 知识归纳 lead的其他用法: 1.作及物动词时意为“领导、过......的生活”。 He led the country between 1949 and 1984. 他在1949到1984年间领导这个国家。 We lead a very quiet life. 我们过着非常宁静的生活。 2.作不及物动词构成lead to短语,表示“通往、导致”。 The hallway leads to the living room. 这个过道通往客厅。 The Iraqi War has led to more terrorist attacks. 伊拉克战争导致了更多的恐怖袭击。 13.It should be a fairly smooth walk because it’s a straight path at the moment (1)主句中的should be用的是“情态动词should+动词原形”结构。should意为“按道理应该、想必”,在此用于对现在的状况作推测。它表示推测时主语的人称没有限制,只用在肯定句中,语气比must弱,比could/may/might强。 Hi, Mum! I’m on the bus.I should be home in about ten minutes. 妈妈,我已经在汽车上了,十来分钟可以到家。 Tom should arrive here at noon.汤姆按道理应该中午到达这里。 (2)a fairly smooth walk用的是“a+fairly+形容词原级+单数可数名词”结构。fairly是程度副词,意为“相当”,修饰具有褒义含义的形容词原级或副词原级,要放在被修饰的词的前面。它不能直接与名词连用,还可以构成“fairly+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词”结构。 The house has a fairly large garden. 那栋房子有个相当大的花园。(fairly修饰形容词large) She speaks English fairly well. 她英语讲得相当好。(fairly修饰副词well) English movie lines are fairly good learning materials. 英语电影台词是相当好的学习材料。(fairly修饰形容词good) (3)在because引导的原因状语从句中,straight是形容词,意为“直的、笔直的”,可以作表语或定语。 His teeth are perfectly straight. 他的牙齿非常整齐。 Keep the boat in a straight line. 让小船直线行驶。 知识拓展 straight作副词时意为“笔直地”。 I wonder whether she will come back or she will go straight to Beijing. 我不知道她是要回家还是直奔北京。 Unit 2 1.Watch out! watch out意为“当心”,常用在口语中警告或提醒别人某些危险的事情,相当于look out/take care/be careful。 Watch out/Look out/Take care/Be careful! A car is coming. 当心!一辆小汽车要过来了。 知识拓展 watch out for sb/sth表示“留意某人/某物”。 Watch out for that woman.Maybe she is a thief. 留意那个妇女。也许她是小偷。 Watch out for falling stones.留意滚石。 2.On our first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. the three of us意为“我们三个人”,由“the+大于1的基数词+of+人称代词宾格(复数)”构成。the用在基数词的前面表示特指,因此本句强调我们一共就三个人。如果基数词的前面没有the,则three of us表示“我们中的三个人”,强调人数不止三个人。 There are five teachers in the office and the five of them are reading the books. 办公室里有五位老师,他们五个人都在看书。 There are six people in my family and three of us are women. 我家里有六口人,其中三个是女士。 3.We soon fell asleep. 句中fell asleep是fall asleep的过去式,意为“入睡、睡着”。该短语表示短暂性动作,在肯定句中不与延续性时间状语连用,也不与表示“多久”的how long连用。如果连用,fall asleep要转换成对应的延续性动词短语be asleep。 Some people fell asleep in the middle of the concert. 在音乐会演到一半时,有些人睡着了。 The boy has been asleep for two hours.这个男孩睡了两个小时。 How long have they been asleep?他们睡了多久? 用法辨析 go to bed和fall asleep都与睡觉有关,区别在于:go to bed表示“上床睡觉”,指去睡觉的动作。 He went to bed early, but he couldn’t fall asleep. 他早早就上床睡觉了,但却无法睡着。 知识回顾 fall作连系动词时意为“变得”,指不知不觉地或突然地进入某种状态。 Tim fell ill yesterday.蒂姆昨天生病了。 4.I heard a strange noise outside. a strange noise表示“一种奇怪的响声”。noise作可数名词,意为“声音、响声”,指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声、喧闹声,或任何令人讨厌的声音。它以复数形式noises出现时指断断续续的噪声。 There was a sudden noise in front of her ,which made her step back. 在她前面突然一阵响声,她吓得后退了几步。 Every night we hear strange noises outside our window. 每晚我们都听到窗户外面奇怪的嘈杂声。 知识回顾 noise作不可数名词时意为“噪声”,泛指一切不悦耳的嘈杂声。表示“发出噪声”用make noise。 Don’t make noise.Lily is sleeping.不要发出噪声。莉莉在睡觉。 词语辨析 noise、sound、voice都与声音有关,区别如下: (1)sound常作可数名词意为“声音” ,指人能听到的任何声音 We couldn’t hear a sound here. 在这里我们一点声音也听不到。 (2)voice作可数名词时意为“嗓音”,指人的说话声。 I recognized his voice at once when he phoned. 他打电话时,我一下子就认出了他的声音。 5.“Bears,”said Joe. 本句是主谓倒装结构。当前句是直接引语,而且引语后面的主语是名词,常用主谓倒装结构。 “Will you please carry it for me?”said the old man. “劳驾,帮我搬一下好吗?”老人说。 知识归纳 在以下三种情况中,直接引语之后的部分不用主谓倒装结构。 (1)主语是代词。 “Please do me a favour.”he said.“请帮助我。”他说。 (2)谓语含有助动词。 “I am hungry.”Lucy had said.“我饿了。”露西说。 (3)谓语比主语长。 “She is a liar.You can’t trust her.” Tom said to me in a whisper. “她爱撒谎。你别信她。”汤姆小声告诉我。 6.We should hang the food in a tree tonight. (1)hang在此作及物动词,意为“悬挂”,它的过去式和过去分词都是hung。 I’ll hang the picture on the wall of my room. 我将把这幅画挂在我房间的墙上。 I have hung the bag on the wall.我把书包挂在墙上了。 知识归纳 hang作及物动词时还可以意为“绞死”,过去式和过去分词都是hanged。 They hanged him for murder.他们因谋杀罪而绞死他。 (2)in a tree意为“在树上”,指外来人或物在树上。tree的前面可以用a/the修饰,用a修饰时泛指某棵树,用the修饰时特指一棵树。 There is a kite in a tree. 树上有一只风筝。 There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有一只鸟。 结构辨析 in a/the tree与on a/the tree的区别: on a/the tree指树本身长的东西在树上,比如花、果实等。 There are several apples on the tree. 这棵树上有几个苹果。 7. Later that day,we stopped in a beautiful field by a stream. in a beautiful field by a stream分别是方位介词in和by引导的介词短语,作地点状语。by在此意为“在......旁边”,可以与beside互换使用。它们表示的范围比near近。 The hotel is by/beside the river. 那家饭店在河边。 8.We put up the tent and fell asleep. put up是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,在此意为“搭建”,要接表示“事物”的词作宾语,侧重简单搭起临时的东西。它接名词时名词放在up前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在up的前面。 Protesters put up barricades across a number of major intersections. 抗议者们已在许多主要十字路口搭建了路障。 Here is the tent.Let’s put it up over there. 帐篷在这里。我们在那边搭建它吧。 知识归纳 put up还可以表示“张贴、举起”。 We want to put a poster up.我们想贴一张海报。 Please put up your hands if you have questions. 如果你们有问题, 请举手。 知识回顾 put还可以与副词away、on、off、out搭配: (1)put away意为“把......放好”,常接表示“物品”的词作宾语。 Here is your book. Please put it away. 这是你的书。请放好它。 (2)put on意为“穿上、上演、增加体重”。 Tom put on his jacket and went out. 汤姆穿上夹克,走了出去。 The band are hoping to put on a show in UK before the end of the year. 乐队希望年底之前在英国举办一场演出。 I can eat what I want but I never put on weight. 我能想吃什么就吃什么,但体重从来不增加。 (3)put off意为“推迟”,接表示“事情、活动”的词作宾语,接动词作宾语时动词要变为V-ing形式。 Mr. Green has not come. We have to put the meeting off. 格林先生还没有来。我们不得不推迟会议。 The United States has decided to put off withdrawing its troops out of Iraq. 美国决定推迟从伊拉克撤军。 (4)put out意为“扑灭”。 They have already put out the fire.他们已经扑灭了那场火。 9.You must keep the camp clean. keep the camp clean使用了“keep+名词(宾语)+形容词(宾补)”结构。keep在此作及物动词,意为“使......保持”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。它接形容词作宾语补足语,用于描述宾语的状态。 In our English class, the teacher always keeps us happy all the time. 在英语课堂上,我们的老师一直让我们开心。 Please keep your room clean. 请保持你的房间干净。 知识归纳 keep表示“使......保持”时还可以构成下列结构: (1)keep sb/sth(宾语)+介词短语/副词(宾补) The cold weather keeps us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们呆在家。 The students must keep their hands behind their backs in class. 课堂上学生必须把手放在背后。 (2)keep sb/sth(宾语)V-ing(宾补)表示“使某人/某物不停做某事”,V-ing是由sb/sth发出的动作,表示主动而且动作正在进行。 He keeps us waiting for more than an hour.他让我们等了一个多小时。 (3)keep sb/sth+过去分词表示“使某人/某物被......” She suggested we should keep the gate locked. 她建议我们要把门锁好。 10.If they know where we are,they may not come any closer, (1)在if引导的条件状语从句中,where we are是where引导的宾语从句。where意为“哪里”,引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序,在该宾语从句中作are的表语。它引导宾语从句时在从句中还可以作地点状语。 I wonder where Tim is now. 我想知道蒂姆现在在哪里。(where作is的表语) I don’t know where Peter lives. 我不知道彼得住在哪里。(where作地点状语) (2)they may not come any closer是主句,句中用了“not...any+副词比较级”结构。any在此作程度副词时可以修饰形容词比较级或副词比较级,要放在否定句或疑问句中。 You don’t look any older than your daughter. 你看上去不比你女儿岁数大呀。 知识拓展any常与too 连用修饰形容词原级或副词原级。 The children didn't behave any too well. 孩子们的表现并未见好。 Throw it away, it isn't any good. 把它扔掉吧, 一点用处也没有。 11.you mustn’t make any sudden moves or a sound sudden是形容词,意为“突然的”,可以作表语或定语。 It is all very sudden. 一切都非常突然。 He is deeply affected by the sudden death of his father-in-law. 他深受其岳父突然辞世的影响。 知识拓展 sudden作名词时意为“突发之事”,构成短语all of a sudden,意为“突然”,可以与suddenly互换使用。 All of a sudden, it begins to rain. =Suddenly, it begins to rain.天突然下起雨来。 12.And above all,you mustn’t run. above all是副词短语,意为“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中作插入语,起强调作用。 它放在句首或句中时也可以不用逗号将它与其他部分隔开。 We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作,最重要的是我们必须树立信心。 A clock must above all keep good time. 时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 13.No one can run faster in the forest than a bear. 【句型】本句用的是“主语(no one)+行为动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象.”句型。no one意为“没有人”,具有否定含义,与比较级连用表达最高级含义。当否定词和形容词比较级或副词比较级连用时,往往表达最高级含义。 No one can dance better in our school than Linda. 我们学校没人跳舞比琳达好。 Nobody is more hard-working in our class than Kent. 我们班没人比肯特勤奋。 【注释】句末a bear用的是“a/an+单数可数名词”结构。a/an在此表示类别,指整体中的任何一个。 A cobra is a very poisonous snake. 眼镜蛇是非常毒的蛇。(A cobra指任何一条眼镜蛇) 特别关注 the+单数可数名词强调个体时可以与a/an+单数可数名词互换使用。它强调整体时可以与“零冠词+该名词的复数形式”互换使用。 The horse is a useful animal. =A horse is a useful animal.马是有益的动物。(a/the horse指任何一匹马) The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. =Tigers are in danger of becoming extinct.老虎有绝种的危险。(指老虎这一类整体,不同于其他物种) 14.Suddenly, I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones. 中saw a baby bear playing用的是see sb/sth(宾语)doing sth(宾补)结构,表示“看到某人/物正在做某事”,强调看到的动作正在发生。playing with some sticks and stones是V-ing结构,是由a baby bear发出的动作,它们是逻辑上的主谓关系。 I see Jim dancing in the next room.我看到吉姆正在隔壁房间里跳舞。 We see a bird flying in the sky.我们看到一只鸟在空中飞行。 用法辨析 see sb/sth doing sth和see sb/sth do sth区别: see sb/sth(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“看见某人/物做了某事”,do的前面必须省略动词不定式符号to,强调看见动作发生的全过程。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活。 Linda saw the cat eat some fish. 琳达看到那只猫吃了一些鱼肉。 15.I remember thinking,“If I reach out, I can just touch him.” 本段前面用的是一般过去时态描述过去遇到小熊的经历,而本句用了一般现在时,这是为了说明作者本人到现在仍然记得当时的想法。在thinking后面的直接引语中,If I reach out是由if引导的条件状语从句。reach out是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“伸出手臂”。在主句“I can just touch him.”中,him指代前面提到的baby bear,含有拟人的意味,暗含了作者对小熊的喜爱之情。 The waiter reaches out to stop her.那位服务员伸手拦住了她。 知识归纳 reach out for sth表示“伸手去拿某物”。 The boy is reaching out for a book on the shelf. 那个男孩正伸手去拿书架上的一本书。 16.I stood very still. still在此作形容词,意为“禁止的、不动的”,作主语I的补足语,描述主语的状态。此外,它还可以作表语或定语。 They told me to stand still and not to turn round. 他们叫我站着不动,不要转身。 I think it’s very hard to stay still. 我认为保持不动非常难。 Still water runs deep. 静水流深。 17.I turned pale and he ran past me into the woods. 句中turned pale是“连系动词turn+形容词”结构。turn在此意为“变得”,它的主语可以是人或事物,常接表示具体颜色的形容词作表语,强调变得与以前完全不同。 The man turned blue with fear. 那个男人因害怕而脸发青。 The tree leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶秋天变黄。 知识归纳 turn作连系动词时也可以接与天气状况有关的形容词作表语。接表示“身份”的名词作表语时名词前面通常不用冠词,指意想不到的变化。 The weather suddenly turned much colder. 天气突然变得冷多了。 He turned teacher after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了老师。 知识回顾 come、go、grow作连系动词表示“变得”的用法: (1)come用于表示情况朝好的方向发展,常接形容词作表语,不接颜色类形容词。 Everything comes right in the end. 最终一切事情都很好。 (2)go表示情况朝坏的方向发展,常接形容词或介词短语作表语。它还可以接表示颜色的形容词作表语,表示人或事物颜色的变化,此时与turn可以互换使用。 Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 鱼肉在热天里很快就会变味。 They went out of fashion a few years ago.几年前它们就不流行了。 He goes/turns red with embarrassment.他尴尬得脸都红了。 (3)grow侧重逐渐变成某种状态,可以接描述特征或天气变化的形容词作表语。 He is growing old. 他渐渐老了。 Soon the sky grew dark. 天很快变黑了。 18.every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold. (1)every time there was a sudden noise是every time引导的时间状语从句。every time意为“每次、每当”,引导时间状语从句时可以与each time互换使用。它们引导的时间状语从句放在主句前后都可以,放在主句前面时常用逗号将主、从句隔开。主从句通常同时用一般现在时或一般过去时,强调经常性。 Every time I ring her, the phone is engaged.  =Each time I ring her, the phone is engaged.  我每次给她打电话,电话都占线。 He felt nervous each time Lucy spoke to him. =He felt nervous every time Lucy spoke to him. 每次露西和他讲话,他都感到紧张。 (2)my blood went cold是主句。blood作不可数名词,意为“血、血液”。 Blood streams out of his mouth. 血从他的嘴角流了出来。 Unit 3 一.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后要接动词原形,用法如下: 【注释1】表示能力的情态动词can/could: can/could是表示能力的情态动词,意为“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的能力。 1. 它的主语没有限制,可以用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。 2. can指现在的能力,could指过去的能力。 3.can的否定形式是can’t/can not/cannot,could的否定形式是couldn’t/could not。它们在疑问句中都要置于主语的前面。 I could swim at the age of 6.我6岁就会游泳了。 Linda can’t cook.琳达不会做饭。 Can you swim?你会游泳吗? 【注释2】表示请求的情态动词can/could/may/might: 1.can/could引导一般疑问句时用于提出请求,句型为“Can/Could+主语(第一/二人称代词主格)+动词原形+其他?”could不是can的过去式,语气比can婉转。肯定回答用“Yes,主语+can.”,否定回答用“No,主语+can’t.”(主语用第一、二人称代词主格,不用could或couldn’t作答)。 —Can/Could I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗? —Yes,you can.可以。 —Can/Could you open the window for me?你能为我把那扇窗户打开吗? —No,I can’t.不行。 2.may/might引导一般疑问句时用于提出请求,句型为“May/Might+主语(第一人称代词主格)+动词原形+其他?” (1)may/might/can/could用于提出请求时含义相同,主语是第一人称时可以互换使用。may/might的语气比can/could正式,might不是may的过去式,语气比may委婉。 (2)肯定回答用“Yes,主语+may/can.”,否定回答用“主语+can’t/mustn’t/may not.”(主语用第二人称主格,may not不能写成mayn’t)。 —May/Might I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can/may. 是的,你可以。 —May we go swimming now?我们现在可以去游泳吗? —No,you can’t/mustn’t/may not.不,你们不可以。 【注释3】表示允许的情态动词can/could: 1.can/may表示允许别人做某事时用句型“主语(第二/三人称)+can/may+动词原形+其他.”,can的语气比may委婉,通常可以互换使用。当表示外界条件许可时常用can,表示说话人的许可时常用may。 Since it is raining hard outside,you can stay in my shop. 由于外面下着大雨,你们可以呆在我的商店里。 I tell Amy that she may use my computer. 我告诉艾米她可以用我的电脑。 2.can表示许可时的否定形式是can’t/cannot/can not,may表示许可时的否定形式是may not。 I am afraid that we can’t smoke here because it is non-smoking area. 恐怕我们不能在这里吸烟,因为这是无烟区。 I think you may not watch TV now.我想你现在不可以看电视。 【注释4】表示“应该”的情态动词should/ought to: 1.should的主语没有限制,要与动词原形一起构成谓语,是从说话人的角度提出建议。它的否定形式是shouldn’t/should not,表示“不应该”。 Linda should get up earlier.琳达应该早点起床。 I think you shouldn’t/should not laugh at him.我觉得你不应该嘲笑他。 2.ought to的主语没有限制,要接动词原形构成谓语,强调道义、法律所规定的职责。它的否定形式是oughtn’t to/ought to,表示“不应该”。 We ought to respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母。 We ought not to do it all by ourselves. 我们不应全靠自己来干这件事。 【注释5】表示“需要”的情态动词need: 1.need意为“需要”时常用在否定句或疑问句中。它没有人称和数的变化,主语没有限制。它的否定形式是needn’t/need not,表示“不必”,相当于don’t/doesn’t have to,要与动词原形一起构成谓语。 You needn’t make two copies. =You don’t have to make two copies.你不用打印两份。 Tony needn’t get up early in the morning. =Tony doesn’t have to get up early in the morning.汤姆今天早上不必早起。 2.need在疑问句中要放在主语的前面。它引导一般疑问句时句型为“Need+主语+动词原形+其他?”肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must.”,否定回答用“No,主语+needn’t.”。 —Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须参加。 —Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新把这封信再打一遍吗? —No, you needn’t. 不,你不必了。 【注释6】表示“命令、禁止”的情态动词must和mustn’t: 1.must意为“必须”时没有人称和数的变化,要与动词原形一起构成谓语,强调主观上有必要或有义务去做某事。它可以用在肯定句、疑问句中。must在疑问句中要放在主语的前面,引导一般疑问句时句型为Must+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must.”,否定回答用“No,主语+needn’t.”或“No,主语+don’t/doesn’t have to.”。 You must be careful when you go across the road. 你过马路时一定要小心。 —Must I finish my homework today? —我必须今天完成家庭作业吗? —Yes, you must.—是的,你必须。 —Must she stay at home now?她现在必须呆在家里吗? —No,she needn’t/doesn’t have to.不,她不必。 2.must的否定形式是must not,意为“不准、禁止”,可以缩写成mustn’t。 You mustn’t swim in this river because it is too deep and dangerous. 你禁止在这条河里游泳,因为又深又危险。 【注释7】提出请求的情态动词: “Could/Would you please+动词原形+其他?”用于提出请求,表示“请你......,好吗?” 1.该句型比“Can/Could you+动词原形+其他?”委婉,please的后面必须接动词原形。please可以置于句尾,用逗号将它与前面内容隔开。 Could / would you please look over these papers? Could / would you look over these papers, please?请你检查一下这些文件,可以吗? 2.该句型的否定结构要在please的后面加not,表示“请你不……可以吗?”。 Could / Would you please not open the window? 请你不开窗好吗? 3.回答时,肯定回答用“Yes./OK./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem.”,否定回答用“Sorry,I can’t.”。 —Could / Would you please calm down?请你冷静点好不好? —Sorry,I can’t.对不起,我不能。 【注释8】must表示“一定”时用于推测情况或动作发生的可能性,主语没有限制,通常用在肯定句中。 1.“主语+must+动词原形+其他.”用于对现在的情况作肯定推测,该句型中的动词原形常用状态动词的原形。 He must be in the school library now.他现在一定在学校图书馆。 You must have a lot of money. 你一定有很多钱。 2.主语+must be+V-ing+其他.表示“.......现在一定在做某事”,用于对现在的动作进行肯定推测。 She must be doing her homework now. 她现在一定在做家庭作业。 3.主语+must have+过去分词+其他.表示“.......过去一定做过某事”,用于对过去的动作进行肯定推测。 It must have rained last night.昨天晚上一定下雨了。 【注释9】can推测情况或动作发生的可能性时主语没有限制,要用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句。 1.主语+can’t+动词原形+其他.表示“......不可能......”,用于对现在或将来的情况作否定推测。 That woman can’t be my mother.She has gone to Wuhan. 那个女人不可能是我的妈妈。她去武汉了。 2.主语+can’t be+V-ing+其他.表示“......现在不可能在做某事”,用于对现在的动作进行否定推测。 He can’t be playing football because he was sick in hospital. 因为他生病住院了,所以他不可能在踢足球。 3.主语+can’t have+过去分词+其他.表示“......过去不可能做过某事”,用于对过去的动作进行否定推测。 She can't have left so soon. 她不可能走得这么早。 4.can引导的疑问句询问情况的可能性。 Can he be at home now?他现在可能在家吗? 【注释10】could表示“可能”时用于推测情况或动作发生的可能性。主语的人称没有限制,可以用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。could在否定句或疑问句中表示推测时与can的含义相同,暗含的可能性比can弱。 1.肯定句: (1)“主语+could+动词原形+其他.”用于对现在或将来的情况作肯定推测。 I think Linda could stay at home tomorrow. 我想琳达明天可能呆在家里。 (2)主语+could be+V-ing+其他.表示“......现在可能在做某事”,用于对现在正在的动作进行肯定推测。 Linda could be watching TV now. 琳达现在可能正在看电视。 (3)主语+could have+过去分词+其他.表示“......过去可能做过某事”,用于对过去的动作进行肯定推测。 Kent could have finished his schoolwork yesterday. 肯特昨天可能做完了他的功课。 2.否定句: (1)“主语+couldn’t+动词原形+其他.”用于对现在或将来的情况作否定推测。 This pen couldn’t belong to Anne.It’s mine. 这支笔不可能属于安妮。它是我的。 (2)“主语+couldn’t be+V-ing+其他.”用于对现在的动作进行否定推测。 My father couldn’t be sleeping now.He is at work. 我爸爸现在不可能在睡觉。他在上班。 (3)“主语+couldn’t have+过去分词+其他.”用于对过去的动作进行否定推测。 He couldn’t have done it. He was with me at that time. 这事儿不可能是他干的。当时他和我在一起。 3.could引导的疑问句询问情况的可能性。 Could it be true?这件事是真的吗? 【注释11】情态动词may/might表示“可能、也许”时推测事情或动作发生的可能性。它们没有时态的区别,但may表示的可能性比might大。它们的主语没有限制,常用于肯定句或否定句,句型如下: 1.“主语+may/might(+not)+动词原形+其他.”用于对现在或将来的情况作可能性推测。 I think you had better take an umbrella because it may/might rain soon.   我觉得你最好带一把雨伞,因为可能不久后会下雨。 Do you think he may/might not be able to pay? 你认为他可能付不起钱吗? 2.“主语+may/might(+not)be+V-ing+其他.”用于对现在正在发生的动作进行可能性推测。 Tom may/might be cooking now.汤姆可能现在在做饭。 Amy may/might be doing her homework now.埃米现在可能没做家庭作业。 3.“主语+may/might(not) have+过去分词+其他.”用于对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。 It may/might have snowed last night.昨晚也许下雪了。 小贴士 1.在肯定句中推测情况或动作发生的可能性时,语气由强到弱是: must>could>may>might 2.在否定句中推测情况或动作发生的可能性时,语气由强到弱是: can>could>may>might 考点聚焦 1.考点:pay attention to是固定搭配,表示“注意”。 根据汉语提示完成句子(一空一词)。 你参观博物馆时,你应该注意须知,而且不要违反它们。 When you visit a museum,you should pay_______ ________ the instructions and don’t be against them. 解析:本题考查“注意”的英语表达方式。pay attention to表示“注意”,符合题干,故填attention to。 2.考点:set off for+地点名词表示“出发去某地”。 —My daughter will______for America to study next month. —You’ll miss her very much.  A. set down  B. set off  C. set up 解析:题干表示“我女儿下周将______去美国学习。”______for America用的是“所填短语+for+地点名词”结构,选项中的set off可以用于该结构,表示“出发去某地”,因此选B。 3.考点:suggestion是可数名词,意为“建议”,复数形式是suggestions。advice是不可数名词,意为“建议”,没有单复数的变化。 (1)—Could you give me a few_______on how to spend the coming summer holiday? —OK, let me see. A.hobbies B. suggestions C. knowledge D. information 解析:题干意为“你能给我几条关于如何度过即将到来的暑假的_____吗?”a few要修饰复数可数名词,排除C、D两项。结合关键句“ how to spend the coming summer holiday(如何度过即将到来的暑假)”,可知要填表示“建议”的suggestions,故选B。 (2)Our teachers usually give us some______ on how to face the difficulties and challenges______. A.advice; brave B.advices; brave C.advices;bravely D.advice; bravely 解析:题干表示“我们老师通常给我们一些如何_____面对困难和挑战的_____。”advice表示“建议”时没有单复数的变化。第二空修饰行为动词face,要用副词bravely作方式状语,故选D。 4.考点:whenever意为“每当”,引导时间状语从句。如果主句用一般将来时,whenever引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时。 (1)______I am in trouble,my classmates will help me out. A.Before B.Whenever C.Although 解析:题干意为“____我遇到了麻烦”根据关键句“my classmates will help me out(我的同学们会帮我渡过难过)”,可判断应填表示“每当”的whenever,故选B。 (2)Whenever a person____difficulties,he____two choices. A.meets;had B.meets;will have C.will meet;has 解析:whenever在此意为“每当”,引导时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。结合选项,可知选B。 5.考点:go+V-ing是固定结构,表示“去进行某种活动。 The teacher told us not to go______alone in the river, (swim) 解析:由于go+V-ing是固定结构,要填swim的V-ing形式,因此填swimming。 6.考点:“(Please+)动词原形+其他.”是祈使句的肯定句。它的否定句要在动词原形的前面加don’t。 (1) “______ exercise every day, my son. It’s good for your health.” Dad often said to him. A. Takes B. Taking C. Take D. To take 解析:______ exercise every day, my son.用的是“所填词+其他成分”句型,这符合祈使句的肯定句型“动词原形+其他.”,故选C。 (2)Please______the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.  A)puts     B)put    C)putting     D) to put 解析:本题用了“Please+所填词+其他.”句型,由于please+动词原形是祈使句的肯定句型,因此选B。 (3)—Sorry I’m late. —______tell me the bus broke down again! A. Never to B. Not C. Don’t D. No 解析:空后面接了动词原形,可知空所在句是祈使句。由于祈使句的否定形式是don’t+动词原级或never+动词原形,故选C。 7.考点:祈使句+and+陈述句表示“......就......”。祈使句+or+陈述句表示“......否则......”。 (1)_______me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise. A.Give   B.Giving    C.Gives   D.To give 解析:由于“祈使句+and+陈述句.”是固定句型,祈使句要以动词原形开头,故选A。 (2)Get up early, ____you’ll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 解析:题干意为“早点起来,____你将上学迟到。”这是“祈使句+所填词+陈述句”结构,or该结构表示“......否则.....”,符合题意,故选C。 8.考点:fall asleep表示“入睡”。 Jimmy could not sleep at first. He finally fell _______ when the rainstorm stopped at midnight.(sleep) 解析:fell在此是fall的过去式,由于fall asleep是固定短语,因此填asleep。 9.考点:put away表示“把......放好”,put off表示“推迟”,put on表示“增加体重”,put out表示“扑灭”,put up表示“张贴”。 (1)—Mum, where are my socks? —Under your bed. You should______your things. A.put on B. put down C. put away D.put up 解析:题干意为“—妈妈,我的袜子在哪里?—在你的床下面。你应该____你的东西”。根据关键词your things(你的东西),可知要填表示“放好”的put away,故选C。 (2) A lot of meetings were _____because of the dangerous disease. A.turned off B. set off C. put off D. taken off 解析:空所在句表示“很多会议被_____。”根据关键词because of the dangerous disease(由于危险的疾病),可知要填表示“推迟”的put off,因此选C。 (3)—My mother cooks delicious food every day.I’ve_______six pound. —I think you should do more exercise. A. put away B.put off C.put on D.put up 解析:空后面接了体重数值six pound,put on表示“增加体重”时可以与它连用,故选C。 (4) —Have you heard of the big fire that broke out at Hao Yixing Clothes Market on June 2nd? —Yes. Luckily, hundreds of firemen immediately drove there and ______the fire. A. put off           B. put away       C. put down         D. put out  解析:空所在句表示“幸运的是,数以百计的消防员立即开车到那里______火。”结合关键词firemen(消防员)和fire(火),可知要填表示“扑灭”的put out,因此选D。 (5)—We are planning a Yangtze River Protection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice? —You’d better_______signs around the school to tell all the students about that. A.make up         B.put up          C.set up             D.show up 解析:空所在句表示“你们最好在学校附近_____指示牌来告诉所有学生有关它的内容。”结合关键词signs(指示牌),可知要填表示“张贴”的put up,故选B。 10.考点:see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事”,see sb do sth表示“看见某人做了某事”。 I saw some boy students____basketball when I passed the playground. A. played B.plays C.playing D.to play 解析:题干表示“我看见一些男同学____篮球”。根据关键句when I passed the playground(我经过操场时),可判断看到的动作正在发生,要用see sb doing sth,故选C。 11.考点:turn表示“变得”,接表示具体颜色的形容词作表语。 When the boy heard the words, his face ______ red. A. got         B. turned          C. changed 解析:题干意为“男孩听到这些单词时脸____红了。”空后面接了red,选项中只有turned(变得)可以接颜色类形容词作表语,故选B。 干扰项分析:get作连系动词时不接颜色类形容词作表语,change表示“改变”,不符合句意,排除AC。 12.考点:情态动词can表示“能、会”。它的否定形式是can’t,表示“不能、不会”。 (1)—How amazing this robot is! —Wow,it has video cameras in its eyes,so it_______“see”and interact with people. A.may B.can C.must D.should 解析:题干表示“所以它_____看见并且与人们交流。”结合关键句“it has video cameras in its eyes(它眼里装有摄像机),可知要选表示“能”的can,故选B。 (2)Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 解析:题干意为“请你说大点声好吗?我_____听清你。”结合句意,可知“我”无法听不清对方说什么,要填表示“不能”的can’t,因此选A。 13.考点:could/can/may引导一般疑问句提出请求,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+can.”,否定回答用“No,主语+can’t/mustn’t.”。 (1)—I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours? —Yes, you ______. A.can B.must C. could D.should 解析:Could I use yours? 是“Could+主语(第一人称)+动词原形+其他?”句型,用于提出请求, 肯定回答时要借助情态动词can,故选A。 (2)—______ I try on those shoes in the window? —______. They are just on show. A.Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldn’t C. Could; Sorry, you can’t D. Can; Yes, you could 解析:题干表示“—我____试穿橱窗里的这些鞋子吗?—_____。”第一空所在句提出请求,所填词用can或could都可以。根据关键句“They are just on show.(它们只是展出。)”,可判断第二空表示不允许,回答can/could引导的提出请求的一般疑问句时要用can’t,不能用couldn’t,因此选C。 (3)—_____you come with me to Lang Lang’s piano concert this evening? —I’d like to,but I have to study for my math test. A.Should B.May C.Must D.Can 解析:题干表示“你今晚____我一起去听郎朗的钢琴音乐会吗?”,用的是“所填词+主语(第二人称)+动词原形+其他?”句型。结合答语“I’d...my math test.(我想去,但我必须为我的数学考试而学习。)”可知空所在句是提出请求的句型,选项中能用于该句型而且主语是第二人称的情态动词是can,故选D。 (4)—______I take photos here? —No,you mustn’t.Don’t you see the sign“No PHOTOS”? A.Would B.May C.Must 解析:空所在句表示“我____在这里拍照吗?”,用的是“所填词+主语(第一人称)+动词原形+其他?”句型。结合答语“No,you mustn’t.(不,你不准)”,可知空所在句是提出请求的句型,选项中只有may可以用于该句型,因此选B。 14.考点:can表示许可时指客观条件上允许做某事,否定形式是can’t,表示“不可以”。 (1)—May I smoke here,please? —I am afraid you______.This is a non-smoking area. A.can B.can’t C.may D.may not 解析:题干意为“—我可以在这里抽烟吗?—我恐怕你____。”根据关键句“This is a non-smoking area.(这是无烟区)”,可知空所在句指不允许吸烟。无烟区是外在的客观条件,can’t符合这个条件,因此选B。 干扰项分析:can和may是肯定形式,may not指说话人自己不允许,和题干信息矛盾,排除ACD。 (2)—May I watch TV, Dad? -When your homework is finished, you ______. A. should    B. can    C. must    D. need 解析:题干意为“—爸爸,我可以看电视吗?—你写完家庭作业时就_____”写完家庭作业是可以看电视的条件,选项中的can表示“可以”,与动词原形连用指客观条件上允许做某事,故选B。 15.考点:should+动词原形表示“应该做某事”,是从说话人的个人角度看应该要做某事。should的否定形式是shouldn’t。 Dogs_____run through soccer games at the park.It's dangerous. A. should B.shouldn't  C.need  D.needn't  解析:题干意为“狗______跑着穿过公园里的足球比赛。”结合关键句“It's dangerous.(这很危险)” 可知要填表示“不应该”的shouldn’t,故选B。 16.考点:助动词+have to表示“不必”的含义。 We______pay to get into the concert. It’s free. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not D. don’t have to 解析:题干意为“我们_____付费来听音乐会。”根据关键句“It’s free.(它免费。)”,可知应填表示“不必”的don’t have to,因此选D。 17.考点:must表示“必须”,接动词原形指主观上有必要或有义务做某事。mustn’t表示“不准”,接动词原形指禁止做某事。 (1)I______go now, or I’ll miss my train. A. can          B. might        C. must        D. could  解析:空所在句表示“我现在_____走”。根据后面的句子“ or I’ll miss my train(否则我就赶不上火车),对比选项,可知要填表示“必须”的must,故选C。 (2)Children______sit in the front seat of a car. It’s too dangerous. A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t 解析:题干意为“孩子们_____坐在车的前排座位。”结合关键句“It’s too dangerous.(这太危险。) 可知应填表示“不准”的mustn’t,因此选D。 18.考点:回答must引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must.”,否定回答用“No,主语+ needn’t .”或“No,主语+助动词+n’t have to.”。 (1)—Must you go? —Yes, I' m afraid I really ________.    A. may  B. should  C. must  D. can 解析:第一句是must(必须)引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答时可以借助情态动词must,因此选C。 (2)-Must I do the project on my own? —No, you________. You can work with your classmates. A. needn't  B. can't  C. shouldn't  D. mustn't 解析:第一句是由must引导的一般疑问句,对它作否定回答时可以用“No,主语+needn’t.”,对比选项,可知选A。 (3)— Must I get up early tomorrow morning? — No,_______. A. you mustn’t B. I don’t think you have to C. you can’t D. you need 解析:题干意为“—我明天早上必须早起吗?—不,_______。”空所在句是对must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to。B项是否定转移句,宾语从句中的don’t转移到了主句中,符合要求,故选B。 19.考点:“Could/Would you please(+not)+动词原形+其他?”是固定句型,表示“请你做某事好吗?” (1) Tom,would you please ________ the box? It’s for your sister.   A. not open     B. don’t open   C. not to open    D. to not open 解析:由于would you please后面要接动词原形,否定形式要在动词原形的前面加not,故选A。 (2)—Could you please ___________ me your notebook, Grace? —Certainly.Here you are. A.borrow B.to borrow C.lend D.to lend 解析:空所在句表示“格雷斯,请你把你的笔记本_____我,可以吗?”由于Could you please后面要接动词原形,排除B、D两项。结合句意,可知本题要用表示“借入”的borrow,故选A。 20.考点:“must+状态动词的原形”表示“一定......”,用于对现在的情况作肯定推测。 (1)There____a girl singing next door.Can’t you hear her beautiful voice? A.must be B.must have C.can’t be D.can’t have 解析:题干意为“___有一个女孩在隔壁唱歌。”根据后句“Can’t you hear...voice?(难道你没听到她美丽的歌声吗?)”,可知要用表示肯定推测的must。由于there be句型中谓语动词不用have,故选A。 (2)This book______be Lucy’s.Look!Her name is on it. A.can B.may C.must D.might 解析:空所在句表示“这本书______是露西的。”结合关键句“Her name is on it.(她的名字在上面。” 可知这本书就是露西的,要用must(一定)表示肯定推测,因此选C。 21.考点:must be doing表示“一定在做某事”,用于对现在的动作进行肯定推测。 -Two hundred yuan for such a T—shirt! You ______ be joking! -I’m not joking. It’s made of silk. A. can’t B. can C. need D. must 解析:题干表示“一件T恤200元?你_____在开玩笑!”结合关键句“I’m not joking.(我没开玩笑。)” 可知空所在句是作肯定推测,要用表示“一定”的must,因此选D。 22.考点:can’t+动词原形表示“不可能......”,用于对现在的情况作否定猜测。 —Is that Mr. Zhou?  -It______be him. He has gone to Beijing. A. may B. can  C. can’t  解析:题干表示“—那是周老师吗?—_____是他。”结合后面一句“He has gone to Beijing.(他去了北京。)”可知周老师此时不可能在说话人出现的地点,要用can’t表示否定推测,因此选C。 23.考点:couldn’t+动词原形用于对现在的情况作否定推测。 —Is that boy Tony?  —It _____ be him.He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation.  A.may not  B.should  C.couldn’t  D.must 解析:题干意为“那个男孩是托尼吗?_____是托尼。”根据关键句“He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation.(他去香港度假了。)”可知那个男孩不是托尼,要用couldn’t作否定推测,因此选C。 干扰项分析: may not暗含的可能性很弱,和题干信息不吻合,should和must表示肯定推测,与语境矛盾,排除ABD。 24.考点:may/might+动词原形表示“可能......”,用于推测事情发生的可能性,暗含的可能性低。 (1)She______be slow,but at least she doesn't make stupid mistakes. A. needn’t     B. may   C. can’t      D. shall 解析:题干表示“她____很慢”,结合关键句“but at least she...mistakes.(但她不犯愚蠢的错误”,可知空所在句作可能性推测,要用表示“可能”的may,因此选B。 (2)—Mom, I’ve signed a big box by Future Express(快递). What’s in it?  —I’m not sure. It ______ be a present from your brother. A. might             B. must            C. should            D. will  解析:空所在句表示“它____是你哥哥送的礼物。”结合它前面的“I’m not sure.(我不确信。” 可知空所在句推测可能性,暗含的可能性不大,要用表示“可能”的might,故选A。  单元知识检测 I.单项选择 1.—When are you going to_____for Wuhan? —Tomorrow morning. A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off 2.Look! Liu Ying’s name is on this bag.It __________ be hers. A.may B.can’ t C.must D.will 3.—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. King? —No, It ________ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B. may C. must D. can’t 4.—Is Jim in the library? —Maybe. I saw him _________ out with some books just now. A.going B. go C. to go D.goes 5.—Must I hand in my homework now,Mr.Smith? —No,you_____. A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.wouldn’t D.needn’t 6.—Jack,_________you ride a bike? —Yes, I can. A. can B. may C. need D. must 7.—_________ I borrow your history book? —Sure. Here you are. A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will 8.Look at the“No parking”sign.You_____park your car here. A.should B.must C.need D.mustn’t 9.Kate’s dad is getting old. She will go back home to see him______it is convenient. A. because B. whenever C. although D. unless 10. ________smoke here, dad. Smoking has been banned in public places. A. Don’t be B. Don’t C. Not to be D. Be not 答案:DCDBD ABDBB II.完形填空 My best friend, Connie, is two years older than me. We spend a lot of time together. Connie has long dark brown hair and her eyes are big and round. People say she is 1 and looks like a doll. When we go out, people often 2 that I am older than her because she is shorter and slimmer (苗条的). Connie is positive(乐观的)even when things go 3 . Last week she got her examination 4 , which were not very good. I thought she was going to be 5 . Instead, she simply decided to do better the next time. Then, every day after class, 6 teachers are free in their offices, she will ask them for help. Connie gets on well with others. Everyone in my family 7 her, even my younger brother. When you hear her laugh, you will naturally(自然地)laugh 8 .When I feel unhappy, I will talk to Connie and she will make me feel 9 . I think my 10 with Connie is very valuable, and I hope we will always be best friends. ( )1. A. crazy B. beautiful C. lazy D. ugly ( )2. A. think B. hope C. suggest D. ask ( )3. A. wrong B. welcome C. important D. interesting ( )4. A. lessons B. symbols C. novels D. results ( )5. A. stupid B. interested C. sad D. glad ( )6. A. although B. if C. before D. even though ( )7. A. sees B. likes C. wakes D. catches ( )8. A. suddenly B. early C. recently D. together ( )9. A. better B. angrier C. busier D. heavier ( )10. A. purpose B. opinion C. friendship D. habit 答案:1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C III.阅读理解 On my recent trip to Sydney with my parents, we visited the Wildlife Park. The Wildlife Park has lots of different animals and birds. Some are native (当地的) to Australia and can only be found there. There are over 600 animals there, including kangaroos, koalas and crocodiles (鳄鱼). They are kept in their natural environment. I like the Wildlife Park better than a zoo where most of the animals are in cages (笼子). We first spent some time with the kangaroos. We were allowed to touch and feed them. It was very exciting to be so close to them. There were koalas there too. They looked very cuddly (令人想拥抱的). Although we were not allowed to carry them, I got to take a photo with one. It is a wonderful souvenir (纪念品) of my holiday in Sydney. The Wildlife Park has plenty of freshwater and saltwater crocodiles. Some of them are[来源:学科网] really big and scary (吓人的) with huge teeth! I did not want to get too close to them. There was also a bird show. The keepers showed us different species (种类) they had. I saw an old parrot which could “talk”. It made a great impression on me. I enjoyed the trip very much. There was so much to see. ( )1. Where is the Wildlife Park?  A. In Sydney.  B. In Cairo.  C. In Athens.  D. In Rome. ( )2. What is a wonderful souvenir of the writer’s holiday?  A. A parrot that could talk.  B. A chance to feed a koala.  C. A photo with a koala.  D. Food for the kangaroos. ( )3. Why didn’t the writer want to get very close to the crocodiles?  A. They lived in water.  B. The writer was afraid of them.  C. The writer did not want to feed them.  D. The writer did not like the smell of saltwater. ( )4. Which of the following is true?  A. The kangaroos are kept in cages in the Wildlife Park.  B. The writer travelled to the Wildlife Park alone.  C. The writer went to see koalas first.  D. The writer watched a bird show. ( )5. How did the writer feel after visiting the Wildlife Park?  A. Excited.  B. Unhappy.  C. Bored.  D. Hopeless. 答案:ACBDA IV.阅读下面短文,然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Daniel Kristiansea is a 14-year-old schoolboy from Denmark. Recently, while doing his history homework about World War Ⅱ, he had a surprising discovery 51 (在……后面)his family’s home. He found the remains of a World War Ⅱplane and a 52 (飞行员). After telling his father about his history homework, Daniel was encouraged to go out onto their farm with a special machine to find 53 (金属). He and his father hoped they might find some old plates or something he could 54 (给……看)to his classmates at school. Much to their surprise, on the 55 (第五)day, they found some broken plane pieces. When they 56 (挖)down seven meters, they suddenly came across pieces of 57 (灰色的)clothes. They reported what they found to the government, and soon the news was 58 (广泛地)heard across Danmark. Each day their house was 59 (拥挤的)with news reporters. Daniel’s father, Klaus, remembered being told by his grandpa that a plane from 60 (德国)had hit their farm during World War Ⅱ. But Klaus thought it was just a good story. Now it turns out to be true. 答案: 1.behind 2.pilot 3.metal 4.show 5.fifth / 5th 6.dug 7.grey / gray 8.widely 9.crowded 10. Germany V.阅读短文,还原句子。    1    I like it because although it is hard work, every day is different! It all depends on what is wrong with the animals that come in. At my clinic(诊所), I work long days on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and short days on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Sunday is my day off so I can spend some time with my family.     2    My clerk opens the door, turns on some music, and makes everyone a cup of tea or coffee. My assistant cleans and feeds the animals. The phones start to ring and people make appointments. This is a very busy time of day! At 9 am, pet owners start to arrive with their sick pets. Appointments take up the whole morning.    3    I don’t examine(检查)any new sick animals. I use these two hours to have lunch and do all my paperwork. At 2 pm. I start to see sick animals again. At 5 pm, three students from a local school lwho love animals arrive to help out.    4    I am always happy to see their smiling faces! From 5 pm to 7pm, I continue to see sick animals. Then, at 7 pm, we close our doors and the clean-up begins! We tidy the clinic, and feed and clean the animals. Of course,we also stroke(轻抚)them and give them hugs! Then, we turn off the lights an go home.    5    I’m very happy being a vet, though unexpected things sometimes happen! A. Do you like pets?   B.It is fun being a vet.   C.At midday, I stop for two hours.   D. Animals are not easy to deal with.   E.My day at my clinic begins at 7 am.   F. This is the type of day I want to have.   G. They are very kind and warm-hearted. 答案:BECGF 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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