Module3新旧知识讲解2024-2025学年外研版英语九年级下册

2025-02-16
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版(2012)九年级下册
年级 九年级
章节 Module 3 Life now and then
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 98 KB
发布时间 2025-02-16
更新时间 2025-02-16
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-02-16
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来源 学科网

内容正文:

课标单词 wealthy富有的;富裕的 fear担心;害怕 wealth 财富;财产 double使加倍;把……增加一倍;成双的;两个 seldom很少地;不常 spare空余的;备用的 deaf 聋的tiny微小的;极小的 electric 用电的;电动的 light 电灯 candle蜡烛 postman 邮递员 cold寒冷;冷空气 heat 高温;热度 full-time专职的;全日制的 role作用;职责;角色 education(个人的)教育;学业 transport运输业;交通 课标短语 used to过去 spare time 业余时间;闲暇 speak up大点声说 语法 复习形容词句法功能 复习副词的句法功能 复习形容词/副词同级比较句型 复习形容词比较级、最高级句型 复习副词比较级、最高级句型 Unit 1 1.Nearly finished. (1)“Nearly finished.”是省略句,意为“快完成了”,完整句是“The homework is nearly finished.”。省略句常常出现在口语中,省略的内容双方都知晓,不会造成歧义。 —How is your project?你的课题怎么样了? —Nearly finished./My project is nearly finishes.(我的课题)快完成了。 (2)nearly是副词,意为“几乎”,修饰形容词finished。nearly可以修饰名词、动词、代词、形容词等成分,要放在被修饰词的前面。 It’ s nearly time for class.差不多快到上课的时间了。 I nearly caught that bird just now.我刚才差一点抓住那只鸟。 Nearly everyone knows it.几乎每个人都知道这事儿。 Hanging out with friends is nearly impossible for me. 对我来说和朋友在外面闲逛几乎是不可能。 妙辨异同 nearly和almost作副词表示“几乎”的异同点: 相同点:它们修饰的成分相同,都放在被修饰词的前面,都可以放在否定动词的前面。单纯表示“时间、程度、进度”时它们可以互换使用。 He is almost /nearly as tall as her. 他与她差不多一样高。 He almost/nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。 He almost /nearly didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。 不同点: 1)在具体数字前面用nearly,不用almost。 The river is nearly 100 metres wide.这条河大约是100米宽。 2)almost可以用于 any、no、none、nobody、nothing、never等否定词的前面,nearly不可以。 Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。 Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。 I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 3)nearly的前面可以用pretty、not 等词修饰,almost不可以。pretty nearly意为“几乎”,not nearly 意为“远非”。 It is not nearly so difficult as you think.这远不像你想象的那么难。 The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。 (3)finished在此作形容词,意为“完成了的、结束了的”,常作表语。 School is nearly finished! 快毕业了! 2.People are wealthier today 句中wealthier是形容词wealthy的比较级形式,意为“更富裕”。wealthy意为“富裕的”,用于描述人,可以作表语或定语。由于它以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变为比较级时要把y改为i,再加-er。 Everyone wants to be healthier and wealthier. 每个人都想更加健康和富有。 Mr Green is a wealthy boss. 格林先生是一位富有的老板。 知识归纳 1.the wealthy表示“富人”,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 The wealthy are not always happier than the poor. 富人并不一定总比穷人幸福。 2.wealth作不可数名词时意为“财富”。 Economic reform has brought relative wealth to peasant farmers. 经济改革使农民相对富裕起来。 3.and there’s less fear of getting ill because we know how to deal with the ordinary diseases (1)there’s less fear of getting ill是主句。该句是there be句型的一般现在时结构,由“There’s+单数可数名词.”构成,表示“有......”。there’s是there is的缩写,其后要接不可数名词或单数可数名词。该句型的另外一种形式是There’ re+复数可数名词.”(There’ re是There are的缩写)。 There’s a box under the sofa.沙发下面 There is some food on the table.餐桌上有一些食物。 There’ re many flowers in the garden.花园里有很多花。 特别关注 在一般现在时的句子中,如果there be后面有两个或两个以上名词,be动词用is 还是用are要根据第一个名词的单复数形式来确定。 There are three small watermelons and one big mango in the kitchen. 厨房里有三个小西瓜,一个大芒果。 知识拓展 There is/are+主语+V-ing结构.表示“有......正在做某事。” There is a boy playing basketball on the playground.操场上有个男孩正在打篮球。 There are five children swimming in the pool.游泳池里有五个孩子在游泳。 (2)less是形容词little的比较级,意为“更少的”,作定语修饰fear of getting ill。less要修饰不可数名词,它修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 There is less pollution than before. 现在污染比以前少多了。 用法辨析 fewer和less表示“更少的”的区别: fewer修饰复数可数名词。它修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语要用复数形式。 Today fewer people use this word.现在很少人使用这个词了。 知识回顾 less+形容词原级或副词原级表示“不如......”。 You are less generous than Anne.你不如安妮慷慨。 Tim swims less fast than Tony.蒂姆没有托尼跑得快。 (3)句中fear of getting ill用的是fear of+V-ing结构,表示“害怕做某事”。fear在此作不可数名词,意为“恐惧”。它与介词of连用时可以接表示“人、物”的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing。getting是连系动词get的V-ing形式,意为“变得”。get作系动词时主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或天气变化,可以与become互换使用,常接形容词作表语(颜色类形容词除外)。 His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood. 他对人的畏惧和他不幸的孩提时代有着密切的关系。 These patients have no fear of death.这些病人不害怕死亡。 Fear of flying is common.害怕坐飞机是很常见的。 The travelers become / get thirsty. 旅客们渴了。 It’s getting / becoming colder. 天气渐冷。 知识拓展fear作及物动词时意为“害怕”,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语,接动词作宾语时动词可以变为动词不定式或V-ing形式。作及物动词时意为“担心”时接宾语从句。 Cats fear big dogs.猫怕大狗。 He fears to tell/telling her what has happened. 他怕告诉她所发生的事。 I fear that he will refuse us. 我担心他会拒绝我们。 (4)because we know... diseases是because引导的原因状语从句。how to deal with the ordinary diseases是“how to+动词原形”结构,作及物动词know的宾语。how意为“如何”,在该结构中作deal with the ordinary diseases的方式状语。deal with是“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语,意为“处理”,其后要接表示“事物”的词作宾语。deal with在特殊疑问句、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中要与how连用。 How do you deal with this problem?你怎么处理这个问题? I wonder how to deal with the interpersonal relationship.我想知道如何处理人际关系。 用法辨析 do with和deal with表示“处理”的异同点: 相同点:它们都接表示“事物”的词作宾语。 不同点:do with是“及物动词+介词”类型的短语,在特殊疑问句、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中要与what连用。 What do you do with this problem? 你怎么处理这个问题。 I don’t know what to do with the interpersonal relationship. 我不知道如何处理人际关系。 知识回顾 “疑问词+动词不定式”是固定结构,可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。大部分疑问代词和疑问副词都可以用于该结构,但why不用于该结构。 How to do it is still a question.  该怎样做仍旧是一个问题。(how to do it作主语) I don’t know where to go.   我不知道去哪里。(where to go作know的宾语) The question is who to do it. 问题是谁能去做这件事。(who to do it作is的表语) 4.But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to. (1)as much exercise as they used to使用了“as+much+不可数名词+as+比较状语从句”结构,表示“与…...一样多的…...”。they used to的后面省略了动词take,避免重复。 I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。 知识拓展 as + many +复数可数名词+ as+比较状语从句表示“与......一样多的.......” You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 (2)在比较状语从句中,used to意为“过去”,要接行为动词原形或be动词原形。它描述过去经常做的动作或过去曾经的状态,暗指现在已经不再继续做此事了,或已不是以前的状态了。 She used to be fat.But now she is so slender. 她以前曾经很胖。但现在她这么苗条。 He used to get up early.他过去常常早起。 知识归纳 used to的其他用法: (1)used to的否定式可以用didn’t use to或usedn’t to。 She didn't use to be fat. =She usedn't to be fat.她过去不胖。 (2)把含有used to的肯定句变成一般疑问句时可以借助did或used,以下两种句型可以互换使用。 1)Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他?肯定回答用“Yes,主语+did.”,否定回答用“No,主语+didn’t.” 2)Used+主语+to+动词原形+其他?肯定回答用“Yes,主语+used to.”,否定回答用“No,主语+usedn’t to.” —Did she use to be fat?/Used she to be fat?她过去胖吗? —Yes,she did. /Yes,she used to.是的。 —Did you use to go to school alone?/Used you to go to school alone? 你过去常常独自去上学吗? —No,I didn’t./No,I usedn’t to.不是。 (3)把含有used to的肯定句变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问部分用usedn’t/didn’t+主语。 把含有usedn’t to的否定句变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问部分用used/did+主语。 He used to be fat,usedn’t/didn’t he?他过去很胖,是吗? He usedn’t to play football,used/did he?他过去不踢足球,是吗? 妙辨异同 used to和would表示“过去常常”的异同点: 相同点:used to和would都要接动词原形,表示过去的习惯性动作时它们可以互换使用。 When we were children,we would/used to go skating every winter. 我们小时候,每年冬天都去溜冰。 不同点:表示过去持续的状态,用used to,不用would。强调过去与现在的对比,用used to,不用would。 He used to like you. 他原来还是喜欢你的。 He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了。 短语辨析 used to和be used to的区别: 1)be used to doing sth表示“习惯做某事”。 We are used to cutting things with a knife. 我们习惯用刀切东西。 2)be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”,相当于be used for doing sth结构。 This knife is used to cut meat. =This knife is used for cutting meat.这把刀被用来切肉。 5.I suppose that’s because more people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less. 该句是含有宾语从句、表语从句的复合句。that’s because ......bikes less是省略引导词that的宾语从句。该宾语从句中用了“That is because引导的表语从句.”句型,表示“那是......的原因”。because引导表语从句时主句主语常用it/this/that,句型为“It/This/That is(was)+because引导的表语从句.”,because引导的表语从句说明原因。 That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。 用法辨析 why和because引导表语从句的异同点: 相同点:它们都用于“It/This/That is(was)+从句.”句型,都可以翻译为“......是......的原因。” 不同点:why引导的表语从句强调前因后果,because引导的表语从句强调前果后因。 He was ill. That’s why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了。那是他被送到医院的原因。 He was sent to the hospital. That’s because he was ill. 他被送到医院。那是因为他生病了。 特别关注 本句是口语,因此宾语从句that’s because...less省略了引导词that。在正式的文章中,引导词that引导宾语从句的主语是that时,引导词that不省略。 I guess that that is our new classmate. 我猜那位是我们的新同学。 6.When the number of cars is doubled, the pollution is also doubled, or even worse. (1)在when引导的时间状语从句中,the number of意为“......的数量”,要接复数可数名词。它接复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,因此句中谓语be动词用了is。 The number of students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50人。 用法辨析 the number of和a number of的区别: a number of 表示“许多”,要接复数可数名词。它接复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 There are a number of books in the library.图书馆里有许多书。 (2)is doubled是及物动词double的被动语态结构。double在此意为“使加倍、把......增加一倍”。 The number of managers must double to 100 within 3 years. 3年内管理人员的数量要增加一倍,达到100名。 知识归纳 double作形容词时意为“双人的”,作前置定语修饰名词。 There is a double bed in the room.房间里有一张双人床。 7.Do people work as hard as they did fifty years ago? as hard as they did fifty years ago用的是“as+副词原级+as+比较状语从句”结构,表示“与......一样......”,作方式状语修饰不及物动词work。第一个as接副词时副词要用原级。第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。did是行为动词,替代句中的work。动词do/does/did用于替代前文出现的动词或动词短语,由于从句有一般过去时的标志词ago,因此必须用do的过去式did。 I study as hard as Mary does. 我学习和玛丽一样刻苦。(does替代句中的study。由于它前面的主语是单个人名,因此用了do的第三人称单数形式) —Do you know who took them to the park?你知道谁带他们去了公园吗? —Mr Green did.格林先生带的。(did替代took them to the park) 8.People seldom say they have enough spare time! (1)seldom是频率副词,意为“很少地,具有否定含义。它置于句中时要放在助动词或be动词的后面,行为动词的前面。它放在句末时其前常带有very作修饰词。 I seldom play football. 我很少踢足球。 They are seldom at home.他们很少在家。 I have seldom seen such a big apple. 我很少看见这么大的苹果。 We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。 (2)enough在此作形容词,意为“足够的”,与形容词spare一起修饰名词time。enough 作形容词修饰名词时放在名词前后都可以,它放在名词前面时强调enough,放在名词后面强调被修饰的词。 I have enough time to read the book. =I have time enough to read the book.我有足够的时间读这本书。 知识回顾 enough的其他用法: 1)enough作形容词是可以作定语或表语。它作定语要修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。它修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,它修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 There is enough food for everybody. 有足够大家吃的食物。 There are enough doctors and nurses in this hospital. 这家医院有足够的医生和护士。 Five men will be quite enough. 五个人就足够了。 2)enough作副词时意为“足够”,可以修饰形容词、副词、动词,必须放在它们的后面。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 You’re not driving fast enough. 你开车开得不够快。 You don’t relax enough. 你休息不足。 【注释3】spare在此作形容词,意为“空余的”,只放在名词前面作定语。 They have no spare room. 他们没有空余的房间。 知识归纳 spare作及物动词时意为“抽出(时间)”,常用结构是spare+时间段+to do sth,表示“抽时间做某事”。 Can you spare me five minutes to talk with me? 你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗? 9.Why don’t you go and ask Mrs Li, our neighbour? 该句中使用了“Why don’t you+动词原形+其他?句型,表示“为什么你(们)不做某事呢?” 用于提出建议,可以与句型“Why not+动词原形+其他?”互换使用。 Why don’t you buy a computer? =Why not buy a computer?你为什么不买一台电脑呢? Why don’t you go out for dinner? =Why not go out for dinner? 你们为什么不出去吃晚餐呢? 知识回顾 提建议的其他句型: (1)Shall we+动词原形+其他?表示“我们可以......吗?” Shall we go out for dinner?我们可以去外面吃晚餐吗? (2)It’s a good idea to do sth.表示“做某事是个好主意。” It is a good idea to visit Wuhan.游览武汉是个好主意。 (3)Let’s+动词原形+其他.表示“我们做某事吧。” Let’s go home earlier.我们早点回家吧。 10.Remember to speak up! (1)本句是祈使句,用了remember to do sth结构,表示“记得要做某事”,强调事情还没有做。 Remember to buy some apples on your way home. 记得在回家的路上买些苹果。 用法辨析 remember to do sth和remember doing sth的区别: remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”,强调事情已经做了。 I remember returning the book to the library. 我记得已经把这本书还到图书馆了。 (2)speak up是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“大点声说”,其后不接宾语。 Speak up! We can’t hear you. 声音大一点!我们听不见。 Unit 2 1.My family lived in a tiny house. 【注释】句中tiny是形容词,意为“微小的、极小的”,可以作表语或定语。 The living room is tiny. 这间起居室极小。 This is a tiny toy.这是一个极小的玩具。 2.There were no electric lights,only candles. (1)这是there be句型和一般过去时连用的句子,由“There were+复数可数名词(+其他).”构成,用于描述过去某地有某些人/物。该时态的另外一种句型是“There was+单数可数名词/不可数名词+其他.”,用于描述过去某地有某个人/物。 There were three girls in the classroom just now. 刚才教室里有三个女孩。 There was some food on the table just now. 刚才餐桌上有一些食物。 (2)no electric lights是“no+复数可数名词”结构,相当于“not any+复数可数名词”结构。light在此作可数名词,意为“(电)灯”。 There are no chairs in the room. =There are not any chairs in the room.房间里没有椅子。 There is a light over the table. 餐桌的正上方有一盏灯。 知识回顾 no作形容词的其他用法: 1)no +单数可数名词= not a/an+单数可数名词 There is no apple on the table. =There isn’t an apple on the table.桌上没有苹果。 2)no +不可数名词= not any+不可数名词 There is no milk in the bottle. =There isn’t any milk in the bottle.瓶子里一点牛奶都没有。 知识归纳 light作形容词时意为“明亮的、淡的”。它作及物动词时意为“照亮”,过去式和过去分词都是lit。 It is a light room.这是一间明亮的房间。 The room was lit by only the one light. 这个房间只有这一盏灯照明。 3.My father was a postman 【注释】postman是可数名词,意为“邮递员”,指男性。它的复数形式是postmen。 Those man are postmen.那些男人是邮递员。 知识拓展 postwoman指女邮递员,复数形式是postwomen。 Are they postwomen?她们是邮递员吗? 4.he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat in the winter cold or in the summer heat是介词短语作时间状语。winter cold表示“寒冬”,cold在此作不可数名词,意为“寒冷”。summer heat表示“酷暑”,heat作不可数名词,意为“高温”。 I can’t stand summer heat or winter cold.我无法忍受酷暑和寒冬。 He must have come inside to get out of the cold. 他肯定进来避过寒。 He cannot cope with the heat and humidity. 他受不了炎热与潮湿。 5.and looking after us was more than a full-time job. (1)在and连接的并列句中,looking after us是单个V-ing结构,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,因此文中be动词用了was。looking after是动词短语look after的V-ing形式,意为“照顾”,相当于take care of或care for,可以接表示“人、小动物、事物”等词作宾语。 Surfing on the Internet is great fun.网上冲浪很有意思。 I can look after/take care of/care for myself.我能照顾我自己。 Can you look after/take care of/care for my dog when I am out? 我外出时你能照顾一下我的狗吗? We should advertise for someone to look after/take care of/look after the garden. 我们应该登广告来寻求一个人照料花园。 (2)more than a full-time job用的是“more than+名词”结构,more than在此表示“不仅仅是”。full-time意为“全职的”,通常放在名词前面作定语。 We need more than material wealth to build our country. 建设我们的国家,不仅仅需要物质财富。 She has got a full-time job. 她有一份全职工作。 6.I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford it, and what’s more, because I was a girl. (1)在第一个原因状语从句because...couldn’t afford it中,afford是及物动词,意为“买得起、负担得起”,通常用在否定句或疑问句中。它常与can、could或be able to连用,其后可以接表示“物品、小动物”等词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为动词不定式。 His parents can't even afford a new refrigerator. 他父母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。 Are you able to afford this pet dog? 你买得起这只宠物狗吗? Can you afford to buy this car? 你买得起这辆车吗? 知识归纳 afford作及物动词时还可以意为“提供”,它的主语可以是人或事物。表示“提供某人某物”用afford sb sth短语,可以与afford sth to sb互换使用。 His visit affords us great pleasure. =His visit affords great pleasure to us.他的来访给我们带来极大的快乐。 (2)在and后面的原因状语从句中,what’s more意为“而且、另外、更重要的是”,作插入语,用于对刚说过的话作补充说明。它可以放在句首或句中,放在句首时要用逗号将它与后面的句子隔开。 The dictionary is very good. What’s more, it is not very expensive. 这本字典很好,而且价格也不贵。 7.She has a good education and she goes to work even after getting married. (1)education意为“教育”,常作不可数名词。它指某个人的教育或某种教育时可以与不定冠词连用,结构为a/an+形容词+education。 All governments spend money on education.所有国家的政府都拨款办教育。 I have had an excellent education.我受过良好的教育。 知识拓展:educational是形容词,意为“教育的”。 She sets up an educational fund in memory of her mother. 她为了纪念她母亲而设立了一个教育基金会。 (2)getting married是动词短语get married的V-ing结构,意为“结婚”。该短语强调动作,如果要表示结婚的对象,在married的后面加to sb。 Cinderella got married to the Prince in the end. 最终灰姑娘嫁给了王子。 知识回顾 marry作及物动词时意为“与......结婚”,接表示“人”的词作宾语。它作不及物动词时意为“结婚”,其后不接宾语。 He wants to marry her.他想娶她为妻。 She should marry again.她应该再婚。 特别关注 marry和get married都是短暂性动词,通常在肯定句中不与延续性时间状语连用。与延续性时间状语连用时要转换成be married。 Jim has been married for three years. 吉姆结婚3年了。 8.I’m happy to see she’s busy working every day, (1)句中’m happy to see...day用的是be happy to do sth结构,表示“开心做某事”。动词不定式部分作主语补足语,是由I发出的动作,表示主动含义。 I’m happy to hear that he has been elected monitor of our class. 听说他被选作我们班的班长,我很高兴。 (2)she’s busy working every day是省略引导词that的宾语从句,句中使用了be busy doing sth结构,表示“忙于做某事”,可以与be busy with sth互换使用。 Students are busy cleaning the classroom after class. = Students are busy with the classroom after class. 放学后学生们忙于打扫教室。 9.but sometimes I feel lonely lonely是形容词,意为“孤独的”,可以作表语或定语,强调主观上的孤独。 When my parents aren’t at home,I feel lonely.父母不在家时我感到孤独。 For all his wealth and fame, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然又有钱又有名,但很孤独。 知识回顾 lonely还可以意为“荒凉的”,通常作定语。 The old peasant lived in a lonely village far away. 那个老农民住在很偏远的一个村子里。 词语辨析 alone和lonely的区别: alone作形容词时意为“单独的”,只作表语,强调客观上一个人或没有外人,不带感情色彩。它作副词时意为“独自地”,作方式状语。 I'm alone here, but I don't feel lonely.虽然我一个人在这儿,但我不感到孤独。 Tony always walks to school alone.托尼总是一个人走去学校。 10.The only thing I don’t like, though, is that there’s so much more traffic on the roads. (1)本句是含有定语从句、表语从句的复合句。主句是The only thing is that there’s so much more traffic on the roads,I don’t like, though是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰表示事物的先行词the only thing。由于该关系代词在定语从句中作及物动词like的宾语,因此可以省略。由于先行词含有only,如果带上关系代词,要用that,不用which。 The only thing(that)I can give you is money. 我唯一能给你的东西是钱。 (2)though在此作副词,意为“不过、可是”,通常放在句尾,可以用逗号将它与前面的句子隔开。 He said he would come, he didn't, though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。 (3)主句中的that there’s so... roads是that引导的表语从句。that引导表语从句时没有含义,只起连接作用,不能省略。 The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 11.There’re so many good programmes, like the Beijing Opera and old films. (1)so many意为“这么多的”,要接复数可数名词。它修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。 So many children are skating here.这么多的孩子在这里滑冰。 知识拓展 so much意为“这么多”,要修饰不可数名词。它修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 There is so much homework for me to do. 我有好多的家庭作业要做。 (2)like在此作介词,意为“比如”,相当于such as,可以接名词或V-ing结构用于举例。它可以列举同一类人或物中的一个或几个例子,但不能列举全部例子。 I have got many friends like/such as Linda and Amy. 我有很多朋友,比如琳达和艾米。 I have some hobbies like/such as collecting stamps and swimming. 我有一些爱好,比如收集邮票和游泳。 12.Generally speaking, I think life is better today. 【注释】generally speaking意为“总的来说、一般而言”,可以与in general互换使用。它们作评注性状语修饰一整句话,常放在句首而且要用逗号将它们与后面的句子隔开。 Generally speaking, we enjoy the trip. =In general, we enjoy the trip. 总的来说,我们这次旅行很愉快。 Unit 3 语法复习一.形容词的句法功能 【注释1】形容词可以放在系动词(be动词、连系动词、感官动词)的后面作表语,可以放在名词前面作作定语,也可以作宾语补足语。此外,它还可以放在复合不定代词后面作定语。 The fans are excited about the arrival of SHE. 他们对SHE的到来兴奋不已。(excited作are的表语) Linda seems nervous. 琳达好像很紧张。(nervous作连系动词seem的表语) The coat feels soft. 这件外套摸起来很柔软。(soft作感官动词feel的表语) It is a boring movie. 这是一部无聊的电影。(boring作前置定语修饰movie) We should keep our classroom clean.我们应该保持教室干净。 There is nothing new in the store. 商店里没什么新东西。(new作后置定语修饰nothing) 【注释2】形容词后缀可以放在某些名词或动词的后面将它们转换成形容词。 1.-able表示“能……的”,可以放在某些动词后面将动词变成形容词。 renew更新+ able→renewable可更新的 2.-al表示“......的”,可以放在某些名词后面将名词变成形容词。 tradition传统→traditional传统的 3.-ful表示“具有……性质的”,可以放在某些名词后面将它们变成形容词。表示“易于……的”,可以放在某些动词的后面将动词变为形容词。 care当心+ ful→careful小心的 forget忘记+ ful→forgetful易忘的 4.-ive表示“具有......性质的”,可以放在某些动词后面将动词变为形容词。如果动词以不发音的e结尾,要去掉e,再加ive。 act行动+ive→active活跃的 abuse滥用+ive→abusive滥用的 5.-less是否定词缀,表示“没有......的”,可以放在某些名词后面将它们变为形容词。 care当心+ less→careless不小心的 6.-ly放在某些名词的后面将名词变为形容词。 friend朋友+ly→friendly友好的 7.-ous表示“......的”,可以放在某些名词后面将它们变为形容词。 danger危险+ous→dangerous危险的 8.-ing和-ed可以放在某些动词后面将它们变为形容词。 relax放松+ing→relaxing令人轻松的 relax放松+ed→relaxed放松的 9. -y表示“......的”,可以放在某些名词的后面将名词变成形容词。 wind风+y→windy有风的 二.副词的句法功能 【注释1】副词可以修饰行为动词、形容词、副词,还可以修饰一整句话。 1.副词作方式状语修饰行为动词或动词短语时常放在它们的后面。 I play football well. 我足球踢得好。(well作方式状语修饰play football) 2.副词作程度状语修饰形容词或副词时常放在它们的前面。 I am very tired now. 我现在非常累。(very作程度状语修饰形容词tired) You run too slowly. 你跑得真慢。(too作程度状语修饰副词slowly) Luckily,I pass the exam. 幸运的是,我通过了这次考试。(luckily作句子副词,修饰一整句话I pass the exam) 【注释2】副词后缀:很多副词是由形容词+后缀ly复合而成的。 safe安全的→safely安全地 【注释3】有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。 fast:作形容词时意为“快的”,作副词时意为“快地”。 early:作形容词时意为“早的”,作副词时意为“早地”。 late:作形容词时意为“晚的”,作副词时意为“晚地”。 三.形容词/副词原级比较句型 【注释】A+谓语动词+as+形容词原级/副词原级+as+B.”是同级比较的句型,表示“A和B一样......”。谓语动词是系动词,第一个as后面用形容词原级。谓语动词是行为动词,第一个as后面用副词原级。第二个as接名词、代词或比较状语从句作比较对象。 English is as important as Chinese.英语和中文一样重要。 He studies as hard as we do. 他学习和我们一样努力。 【注释2】该句型的否定形式是“not so/as+形容词原级或副词原级+as......”,表示“......不如......”,可以与less+形容词原级/副词原级+than互换使用。 He is not so/as careful as me. =He is less careful than me.他不如我细心。 He doesn’t run so/as fast as I do. He runs less fast than I do.他没我跑得快。 四.形容词/副词比较级用于比较两者 【注释1】形容词比较级的基本句型: 1.A +系动词+ 形容词比较级 + than + B.表示“A比B更……”。 Our city is larger than yours. 我们的城市比你们的大。 2.Which(one)is+形容词比较级,A or B? 表示“A或B, 哪一个更……”。 —Which one is bigger, Shanghai or Chongqing? 哪一座城市更大,上海还是重庆? 3.Who is+形容词比较级,A or B? Who is taller, Lily or Linda?谁个子更高,莉莉还是琳达? 4.主语+be动词+the+形容词比较级+of the two.表示“......是两个中比较......”。 This book is the more expensive of the two.这本书是两个中比较贵的。 5.主语+谓语动词+a/an+形容词比较级+单数可数名词/one.”表示“一个更......的.......”。 She is a stricter teacher.她是一个更严厉的老师。 Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢? —Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?你满意这次考试成绩吗? —No. I have never had a worse one before.不满意。我之前从未考过比这次更差的成绩了。 【注释2】副词比较级的基本句型: 1.A +行为动词+ 副词比较级 + than + B.表示“A比B更……”。 She runs faster than Linda. 她跑得比琳达快。 2.“Who +谓语动词+副词比较级,A or B?”表示“A或B谁……更……”。 Who runs faster, Li Ming or Lily? 李明和李丽,谁跑得更快? 【注释3】比较级的其他结构: 1.比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”该结构用单音节词或部分双音节词,而且保持一致,即同时用形容词比较级或副词比较级。 Kent becomes cleverer and cleverer.肯特变得越来越聪明。 He works harder and harder.他工作越来越努力。 2.more and more+形容词原级/副词原级。 She looks more and more beautiful。 她看起来越来越漂亮了。 She runs more and more slowly.她跑得越来越慢。 2.“The+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语.”表示“越......,越......”。谓语动词是系动词,the的后面用形容词比较级。谓语动词是行为动词,the的后面用副词比较级。前一个部分相当于条件状语从句,后一个部分相当于主句。前一个部分用一般现在时,后一个部分用一般现在时或一般将来时。 The hotter the air is,the more quickly it will rise.空气越热,它就上升得越快。 The harder you work, the more you learn.你越刻苦学习,你学的知识就越多。 3.主语+谓语+比较级+than+any other +名词+比较范围.表示“比其他任何一个......都要更......”,这是在同一个范围内作比较的句型。主语是单数名词,any other后面要接单数名词或one。主语是复数可数名词,any other的后面接复数可数名词。 Jupiter is bigger than any other planet in the solar system. 木星比太阳系中其他任何一颗行星都大。 This student plays football better than any other one in our school. 在我们学校,这个学生比其他任何一名学生踢足球都好。 The players of Inter Milian are stronger than any other players of South Korea. 国际米兰的队员比韩国其他任何队员都强大。 4主语+谓语+比较级+than any+名词+比较范围.”用于在不同范围中作比较。主语是单数名词,any后面接单数名词。主语是复数可数名词,any后面接复数可数名词。 Shanghai is larger than any city in India.上海比印度的任何城市都大。 In last 3 Olympic games, they won more medals than any countries in the world. 在上3届奥林匹克运动上,他们赢得比世界上任何一个国家都要多的奖牌。 【注释4】程度副词so、too要修饰形容词原级或副词原级。 You sings so well.你唱得这么好。 It is too cool today.今天这么冷。 【注释5】修饰形容词比较级或副词比较级的副词: 1.much、a lot修饰比较级表示“……得多”。   It is much hotter than yesterday. 今天比昨天热得多。 Tony sings a lot better than me. 托尼唱得比我好多了。 2.still、even修饰比较级表示“更加......”。   It was cold yesterday, but it is even colder today. 昨天冷,但今天更冷。   He came late, but his sister came still later. 他来迟了,但他姐姐来得更迟。   3.any表示“稍微、……些”,常用于疑问句、否定句或具有否定含义的句子中。   Is she any better? 她好些了吗? She is too tired to walk any further. 她累得一点也走不动了。  【注释6】a little意为“有点儿”,既可以修饰形容词原级/副词原级,又可以修饰形容词比较级/副词比较。在肯定句中可以与a bit互换使用。 He runs a little/a bit fast.他跑得有点快。 It’s a little/a bit cooler today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天凉爽一点儿。 五.形容词/副词最高级用于比较三者及以上 【注释1】形容词最高级常用句型: 1.A +系动词+ the + 形容词最高级 + 比较三者及以上的范围(in / of / among引导的介词短语).表示“A是......中最.......”。形容词最高级的前面通常用the修饰。 Tim is the tallest in our class.蒂姆是咱们班里个子最高的。 Betty is the most hard-working of us three. 我们三个人中贝蒂最刻苦。 2.one of the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词表示“......中最......的之一”。 Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world. 北京是世界上最大的城市之一。 3.Who / which is the + 形容词最高级 + A,B,or C?表示“A,B,C中哪个 / 谁最……?” Who is the tallest, Linda, Ann or Lucy? 谁最高,是琳达,安还是露西? Which is the most comfortable way to Nanjing, by plane, car or train? 哪种方式去南京最舒服,是坐飞机,坐小汽车还是坐火车? 【注释2】副词最高级常用句型: 1. A +行为动词+ the + 副词最高级 + 比较范围(介词in / of / among构成的短语).表示“A是......中最.......”。副词最高级的前面可以省略the。 Peter runs(the)fastest in our school. 彼得在我们学校跑步最快。 Peter sings(the)best among us. 我们之中彼得唱歌最棒。 2.Who +行为动词+ 副词最高级,A,B,or C? Who plays football best,Tom,Peter or Jim? 谁踢足球最棒,是汤姆,彼得还是吉姆? 【注释3】在以下情况中,形容词最高级前面可以不加the。 1.形容词最高级前面有序数词、形容词性物主代词、指示形容词或’s(名词所有格)等词语时,最高级前面不用the。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 2.形容词最高级作表语时,如果比较范围不明确,最高级前面不用the。 They are happiest on Saturdays. 他们在星期六最快乐。 3.两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前面不加the。 He is the youngest and shortest boy in his class. 他是班上年龄最小、个子最矮的男孩。 4.形容词最高级作定语修饰单数名词时,最高级的前面可以用a / an表示泛指。 That is a greatest song. 这是最棒的一首歌。 5.most意为“非常”时,可以直接修饰形容词原级/ 副词原级,most前面不用冠词修饰。 That book is most interesting. 那本书非常有趣。 6.形容词最高级作宾语补足语时,它的前面不加the。 I found it most difficult to get to sleep.我发现入睡最难。 7.在一些固定表达中,最高级前面通常省略the。 With best wishes for you.向你致以最美好的祝愿。 【注释4】否定词和比较级连用,表示最高级含义。 I think that nothing is more convenient than taking a plane to London. 我觉得没有什么比乘坐飞机去伦敦更方便。 考点聚焦 1.考点:there is的后面要接单数名词。 There ________ an amusement park near my home.I often see children play there. A.  am  B. is  C. are  D. be 解析:题干是there be句型,空后面的主语an amusement park是单数可数名词,be动词要用is,故选B。   2.考点:fewer表示“更少的”,修饰复数可数名词。less表示“更少的”,修饰不可数名词。 Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. I’m sure he can do the work  with _____money and _____people.     A.less;less   B.fewer;more   C.more;fewer   D.less;fewer  解析:题干意为“鲍勃知道如何降低这个项目的成本。我确信他能用_____钱和____人做这份工作。”结合句意,可知两个所填词都表示“更少的”。第一空修饰的money是不可数名词,要用less,第二空修饰集合名词people(人),要用fewer,故选D。 3.考点:“疑问词+动词不定式”是固定结构。 —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven’t decided where _______. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 解析:where是疑问词,与动词不定式构成固定结构,因此选D。 4.考点:deal with表示“处理”,与在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用时疑问词用how。 根据汉语提示完成单词。 Some teenagers don’t know how to______ (处理)with their personal problems and they often go to therapy. 解析:how to______ (处理)with their personal problems是“how+动词不定式”结构,deal with表示“处理”,可以用在这种结构中,因此填deal。 小贴士:do with表示“处理”时用在“what+动词不定式”结构中,因此不能填do。 5.考点:used to表示“过去常常”,要接动词原形。be used to表示“习惯”,要接V-ing形式。be used接动词不定式表示“被用来......”。 (1)一How does your father go to work every day?  一He used to ________ a bus, but now he is used to ________.   A.  take; walk        B. taking; walking  C. taking; walk  D. take; walking  解析:空所在句表示“他过去常常______公交车,但现在他习惯于______。”used to要接动词原形,be used to表示“习惯于”时要接V-ing,因此选D。 (2) Knives are used to ______ things and glasses are used for _______.  A. cut, drinking   B. cutting, drinking  C. cut, drink   D. cutting, drink  解析:题干意为“刀用来____东西,玻璃杯被用来_______。”由于be used to do和be used for doing表示“被用来做某事”,第一空要填动词不定式,第二空要用V-ing,因此选A。 6.考点:used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。 句型转换(一空一词)。 Martin used to give his mother a lot of trouble.(变为否定句) Martin_____ _____to give his mother a lot of trouble. 解析:题干中的谓语动词含有used to,变否定句时助动词可以用didn’t use to或used not to。本题要填两个单词,空后面有to,因此填didn’t use或used not。 7.考点:把含有used to的肯定句变为反意疑问句时,附加疑问部分可以用usedn’t+主语或didn’t+主语(主语要与陈述部分保持一致)。 You used to like tests, ______? A. didn’ t you B. usedn’ t I  C. didn’ t I D. don’t you 解析:把含有used to的肯定句变为反意疑问句时附加疑问部分用usedn’t/didn’t+主语。 主语是you,选项中的didn’t you符合要求,故选A。 8.考点:used to表示“过去常常”,侧重与现在作对比。would表示“过去常常”,侧重叙述过去的情况。 根据汉语提示完成句子。 我爸爸过去常常开车上班,现在坐公交车了。 My father_________go to work by car, but now he takes the bus. 解析:本题考查“过去常常”的英语表达方式。题干提到了过去和现在的情况,这是拿过去和现在作对比,因此填used to。 9.考点:the number of要接复数可数名词,表示“......的数量”,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。a number of要接复数可数名词,表示“大量的......”,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。 (1)A number of visitors _____visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors _____increasing.      A. are;is    B. is;are    C. are;are 解析:a number of引导的短语作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式,the number of引导的短语作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,因此选A。 (2)根据汉语提示完成句子。 今年共享单车的使用人数有望达到五千万。(number) ________shared bike users is expected to reach 50 million this year.(number) 解析:本题考查“......的人数”的英语表达方式。括号给了提示词number,the number of表示“......的数量”,要接复数可数名词,这和空后面的复数可数名词users相吻合。由于它放在句首时首字母要大写,因此填The number of。 10.考点:do替代前面出现的动词或动词短语,do的时态要根据上文的时态来确定。 —Do you know who took the students to the old people’s home, Tony? —Well, Mr. Smith________. A. took B. does C. did D. do 解析:所填词替代动词短语“took the students...home”,took是take的过去式,可知 所填词要用过去式。选项中的did是过去式,可以代替上文的动词短语,故选C。 11.考点:seldom表示“很少”。 Uncle Liang ________eats out because his wife always makes delicious food for him. A. seldom B. sometimes C. often 解析:题干表示“梁叔叔_____在外面吃饭。”结合关键句because his wife always makes delicious food for him(因为他老婆总是为她做可口的饭菜),可知所填词具有否定含义,要填表示“很少地”的seldom,故选A。 12.考点:enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰的词之后。 —I’ll be away for a long time.  —Don’t worry. She can look after your pet ________.  A. careful enough              B. enough careful   C. carefully enough             D. enough carefully 解析:所填词修饰动词短语look after,要用副词作方式状语。由于enough修饰副词时要放在副词的后面,故选C。 13. 考点:以Let’s开头的祈使句,Let’s的后面要接动词原形。以Why not开头的疑问句,其后要接动词原形。 (1)—Let’s ____ to the movies! —I’m sorry.I must____my homework first. A.going;do    B.go;doing   C.go;do    D. going;doing 解析:由于Let’s和must的后面都要接动词原形,故选C。 (2)用所给单词的正确形式填空。 It is raining outside. Why not _____(take)an umbrella with you? 解析:由于why not后面要接动词原形,因此填take。 14.考点:remember to do sth表示“记得要做某事”,强调事情还没做。remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”,强调事情做了。 This afternoon we’re going to have an English class.Remember_______your book. A.to finish B.to bring C.bringing 解析:题干表示“记得_____你的书。”根据前句中的“we’re going to”,可判断remember后面的动作还没发生,要用remember to do sth结构。根据空后面的your book,可知要用remember to bring(记得要带来),故选B。 15.考点:there be句型与一般过去时连用时要用句型“There was/were+主语+其他.”句型。 there was的后面要接单数可数名词或不可数名词,there were的后面要接复数可数名词。 There_______six countries in SCO(上合组织) at first, but now the number has increased to eight.  A.  is    B. are    C. were    D. will be 解析:根据关键词at first(起初)和but now(但现在),可知空所在句描述过去的情况,be动词要用was或were。由于there be句型中的be动词用was还是were要根据其后的名词来确定,空后面接了复数可数名词six countries,be动词用were,故选C。 16.考点:V-ing结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 _______ the words of pop songs _____ a good way to learn English. A. Memorize; is B. Memorizing; is C. Memorizing; are D. Memorize; are 解析:动词原形不能作主语,Ving可以作主语,排除A、D两项。由于单个V-ing结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三单数形式,因此选B。 17.考点:take care of可以与look after或care for互换使用。 选出与画线短语含义相同或相近的一项。 (1)When her parents weren’t at home, she took care of your sister.  A.look for          B.cared for          C.look over          D.look after 解析:took care of是take care of的过去式,表示“照顾”。对比选项,只有cared for是过去式,表示“照顾”,因此选B。 (2)句型转换(每空一词) Michael will take care of our dog when we are away on holiday next week.(改为同义句) Michael will______ ______ our dog when we are away on holiday next week. 解析:take care of意为“照顾”,同义表达是care for或look after,因此填care for或look after。 18.考点:afford表示“买得起、负担得起”,接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式。 (1)I am afraid we can not ________ to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground instead. A. refuse       B. afford       C. forget        D. fall 解析:题干表示“恐怕我们______坐出租车。”结合关键句“Let’s go by underground instead.(我们还是改乘地铁吧。)”,可知要填表示“负担得起”的afford,因此选B。 (2)—Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary.     —Let's donate our pocket money to them.   A. buy     B. buying     C. to buy    D. be bought  解析:afford接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式,故选C。 19.考点:education表示“教育”。 —I hear Mary has got a good job in a world’s top company. —Yes.Her good_______experience helped her a lot.She once studied in one of the best colleges in China. A.travel B.education C.life 解析:空所在句表示“她良好的_____经历对她帮助很大。”结合后一句中的关键词“studied in one of the best colleges in China(在中国最好的学院之一学习),可知要填表示“教育”的education,因此选B。 20.考点:get married是短暂性动词短语,与延续性时间状语连用时要转换成be married。  My grandparents ______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.  A. have been married     B. got married       C. were married       D. have got married 解析:and连接两个并列句,第二个分句用了一般现在时,可判断题干是描述现在的情况,B、C两项是一般过去时,与推断矛盾,排除。for over 60 years是延续性时间状语,在肯定句中要与延续性动词或动词短语连用,have been married符合要求,故选A。 21.考点:be busy doing sth是固定搭配,表示“忙于做某事”。 The workers are busy _______ windows to the new building these days. A. fix      B. fixed     C. fixing     D. to fix 解析:由于be busy doing sth是固定搭配,故选C。 22.考点:lonely表示“孤独的”,作表语,带有感情色彩。alone表示“独自地”,作方式状语。 — I know old Joe lives ______.  — We are supposed to visit him from time to time.Then he won’t feel _______.  A. alone,alone  B.lonely,lonely  C.lonely,alone  D.alone,lonely 解析:题干意为“—我知道老人琼______生活。—我们应该时常拜访他。然后他就不会感到_____。”第一空修饰行为动词lives,要用副词alone(独自地)作方式状语。第二空作won’t feel的表语,结合句意,可知要填表示“孤独的”的lonely,因此选D。 23.考点:be动词或感官动词后面接形容词作表语,行为动词后面接副词作方式状语。 (1)—Look! It is raining_____, —That's right. The rain is too____to go shopping. A. heavily;heavy; B.heavily;heavily C.heavy;heavy     D.heavy;heavily 解析:第一空修饰行为动词is raining,要用副词heavily。第二空的前面有be动词is,要用形容词heavy作表语,故选A。 (2)The meat smells______.Throw it away. A.well B.good C.badly D.bad. 解析:题干中的smell是感官动词,意为“闻起来”,要接形容词作表语。根据关键句“Throw it away.(扔掉它。)”要填表示“坏的”的形容词bad,因此选D。 24.考点:as+形容词/副词+as结构中,形容词或副词都要用原级。 —I think that Eric writes as______as Betty. —So he does. A.more careful B.more carefully C.most carefully D.carefully 解析:as______as Betty修饰行为动词writes,所填词要用副词。由于as+副词原级+as是固定结构,因此选D。 25.考点:than前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式。 (1)—What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea? —Wonderful.I've never seen a movie_____than it.  A.more excited    B.more exciting   C.most excited    D.most exciting 解析:由于than前面的形容词要用比较级,排除C、D(最高级选项)。_____than it修饰a movie,要用表示“更令人激动的”的more exciting,因此选B。 (2)Tony is the best student in the class because he works_____than the others.  A.hard    B. harder    C. hardest 解析:than前面的副词要用比较级,要填harder,故选B。 (3)It is _____(good) to listen than to speak. 解析:根据than,可知所填形容词要用比较级。good的比较级是better,故填better。 (4)用所给单词的正确形式填空。 Town Cinema has_______(comfort)seats than Guangming Cinema. 解析:所填词作定语修饰名词seats,要用形容词,comfort的形容词是comfortable。 根据than,可知所填词要用比较级。comfortable是多音节词,比较级要在它的前面加more,因此填more comfortable。 26.考点:“主语+谓语动词+不定冠词+形容词比较级+one.”表示“一个更......的.......”。 —How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?  —Oh, I have never enjoyed a _________ one before.     A. worst     B. best    C. worse   D. better  解析:题干意为“—你觉得赵雷唱的歌《成都》怎么样?—哦,在这之前我从没喜欢过________。”由于“主语+谓语动词+不定冠词+形容词比较级+one.”是固定句型,排除表示最高级的A、B两项。结合句意,可知要填表示“更好的”的better,因此选D。 27.考点:“主语+be动词+the+形容词比较级+of the two+复数可数名词.”表示“两个中比较……” Of the two shirts,I’d like to choose the____one to save some money for a cap. A.cheapest B.cheaper C.more expensive D.most expensive 解析:题干表示“在这两件衬衣中,我想选择______以省一些钱买一顶帽子。”主语+be动词+the+形容词比较级+of the two+复数可数名词.是固定句型,题干是将of引导的介词短语提到句首,排除表示最高级的A、D两项。根据关键词save(省钱),可知应填表示“更便宜的”的cheaper,故选B。 28.考点:“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+形容词原级/副词原级”是固定结构,表示“越来越......”。 (1)I think Zibo is becoming________. A. more beautiful and more beautiful B. more and more cleaner C. more and more beautiful D. clean and clean 解析:表示“越来越美”用more and more beautiful,表示“越来越干净”用cleaner and cleaner,因此选C。 (2)—I talked with my little uncle on the computer last night. —The Internet makes the world___________. A. small and small B.smaller and smaller  C.small and smaller  D.smaller and small  解析:由于形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级是固定结构,故选B。 29.考点:“The +比较级(+名词)+主语+谓语,the+比较级(+名词)+主语+谓语.”表示“越......,越......”。 (1)_______ we work at English,the better grades we will get.  A.Harder  B.The hardest  C.Hardest D.The harder 解析:由于“The +比较级(+名词)+主语+谓语,the+比较级(+名词)+主语+谓语.”是固定句型,故选D。 (2)—How hard you are working, Helen! —We must! President Xi said that _______ we are, _______ we will be. A. the more hard-working; the luckier  B. the hard-working; the lucky C.more hard-working; luckier D.the most hard-working; the luckiest 解析:由于The+形容词比较级+主语+谓语,the+形容词比较级+主语+谓语.是固定句型,因此选A。 30.考点:“主语+谓语+比较级+ than any other +名词/one+比较的范围.”用于在同一范围中作比较。 —Hi, Jane! I’ll go to ShijiaZhang next month. —Great!The glass bridge there is______than any other one in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 解析:由于“主语+谓语+比较级+ than any other +名词/one+比较范围.”是固定句型,故选B。 31.考点:“主语+谓语+比较级+ than any +单数名词+比较的范围.”用于在不同范围中作比较。 —Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. —That is, it is larger than _______ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another 解析:it指前句中的Canada,这里是把加拿大和亚洲国家相比,加拿大是北美洲国家,和亚洲属于不同范围,than后面要用any+名词,因此选A。 32.考点:much修饰比较级表示“......得多”,a little修饰比较级表示“一点......”,a lot修饰比较级表示“......得多”,even修饰比较级表示“更......”。 (1)She looks much  ________  without her glasses! A. well                   B. good               C. best                  D. better 解析:much要修饰形容词比较级,选项中better是比较级,因此选D。 (2)-It’s cold today. I can’t stand it. I hope tomorrow won’t be so _____.  -I can’t, either. But the radio says it will be even _____ tomorrow.   A.cold, cold  B.cold, colder C.colder, colder  D.colder, coldest 解析:so作程度副词时要修饰形容词原级,排除C、D两项。第二空所在句表示“但是广播说明天将会更加_____。”even在此意为“更加”,要修饰比较级,故选B。 (3)—Do the twins look the same? —No.Jane is____taller than Claire. A. little    B.more    C.a little 解析:所填词修饰形容词比较级taller,选项中只有a little可以修饰比较级,故选C。 (4)Polly has been ill for three days but she is a lot_____today. A.best B.better C.good  解析:由于a lot修饰形容词时形容词要用比较级,因此选B。 33.考点:主语+谓语+the+形容词最高级/副词最高级+比较范围(in / of / among引导的介词短语).用于在三者及以上的范围中作比较,形容词最高级的前面要带上the,副词最高级的前面可以省略the。 (1)Tony is_______of the three boys, but he is the tallest. A.  young        B. younger     C. youngest    D. the youngest  解析:of the three boys是of引导的介词短语,说明比较的对象是三个人,要用形容词最高级,它的前面要带上the,因此选D。 (2)The bridge between the two islands is _______ one in Shanghai. A) long    B) longer    C)longest  D)the longest  解析:题干表示“这两座岛之间的桥是上海_______桥。”本句用的是“主语(+后置定语)+be动词+所填词+in引导的表示范围的介词短语.”句型,这是形容词最高级句型,要填the+形容词最高级,因此选D。 (3)—Peter is __________ than you, right? —Yes, but he runs______ in our class. A. heavier, fastest B. heavy, the fastest C. heavier, faster D. heavy, faster 解析:第一空后面有than,要用比较级heavier。第二空所在句是“主语+行为动词+所填词+in引导的表示范围的介词短语.”句型,这是副词最高级句型,要填fastest,故选A。 (4)I’ve got quite a few dictionaries. Among them, this English dictionary is ________. A. much useful B. more useful. C. the most useful D. a little useful 解析:among them是表示范围的介词短语,范围是三者及以上,要用形容词最高级,因此选C。 (5)用所给单词的正确形式填空。 He did_____(badly)among the students in his class. 解析:among the students in his class用于三者及以上范围进行比较,所填副词要用最高级。badly的最高级是worst,其前可以省略the,因此填worst。 34.考点:one of the +形容词最高级+复数可数名词是固定结构,表示“最……之一”。 Mount Lao is one of____mountains in Qingdao. Many tourists like climbing it every year. A.famous B.the more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 解析:题干中的one of____mountains用的是one of+所填词+复数可数名词结构。由于one of the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词是固定结构,因此选D。 35.考点:the + 序数词 +形容词最高级 +单数名词是固定结构,表示“第几最......的......”。 Lanzhou is the only capital city that the Yellow River, the second ________ river in China, passes through. A. long B. longest C. longer D. length 解析:题干中的the second ________ river用的是the+序数词+所填词+单数可数名词结构,只有形容词最高级能用于该结构,因此选B。 36.考点:Who+行为动词+副词最高级,A,B,or C?是固定句型,表示“A,B,C中谁...最...?” Who listens ________, Tom, Jack or Bill?  A.  the most carefully    B. more carefully  C. the most careful     D. more careful 解析:题干用的是“Who+行为动词+所填词, A, B or C? ”句型,用于在三者中作比较,所填副词必须用最高级,故选A。 37.考点:否定词与比较级连用表达最高级含义。 — What do you think of her teaching English? — Great! No one teaches in our school. A. good B. worse C. better D. best 解析:题干意为“—你觉得她教英语怎么样?—很棒!没人在我们学校教得________。” 所填词修饰行为动词teaches,根据关键词“Great!(很棒)”,可判断所填词是副词,而且具有正面含义。no one表示否定含义,与比较级连用表达最高级含义,要填表示“更好”的better,因此选C。 写作技能点拨 校园广播台举办“家乡的变化”的主题征文。请根据下列提示,以Changes in Our Hometown为标题,用英语写一篇短文。 过去:生活贫困、污染严重、交通不便、游客稀少。 现在:生活水平提高,城市环境污染得到解决,交通发达。每年有成千上万来的游客。 将来:我确信我的家乡在将来会变得越来越美丽。 注意: 1.字数不得少于100个单词。 2.文章要包括所有内容要点,不要逐词翻译,可适当发挥。 技巧1:这篇短文包含三段话。 第一段引出主题,交代家乡经历了巨变。 第二段是核心段落,按照提示写出家乡过去和现在的情况。 第三段回扣主题,展望家乡未来的发展。 技巧2: 1.人称和时态:人称用第一、三人称。第一段用现在完成时,第二段用一般过去时和一般现在时。第三段用一般现在时和一般将来时。 2.尽量使用本模块中的词语。 3.尽量使用比较级、最高级句型。 4.句型: It has become one of the+形容词最高级+cities+in China. 它已成为中国最......城市之一。 Our city used to be+形容词.我们的城市过去.......。 人+were ready to+动词原形+其他. .....愿意......。 主语+系动词+形容词比较级+than before. 与过去相比,......更......。 There are+复数可数名词+V-ing结构. 有......做某事。 I believe it can develop as+副词原级+as+名词+in the future. 我相信将来它能够和......发展一样......。 技巧3:写作范文 Changes in Our Hometown Great changes have taken place in our hometown Wuhan.It has became one of the most popular cities in China. Our city used to be quite bad.A number of people here lived poor lives.What’s more,there was more pollution in the city.Because of the poor transportation,few tourists were ready to visit our hometown.But now,with the development of economy,our living standard is improved.For example,more and more people own private cars.At the same time,the environmental pollution is reduced.The streets become wider and cleaner than before.A lot of trees are planted in the city.Because the transport becomes very developed,there are thousands of visitors travelling in our hometown. Generally speaking,our hometown has become more and more beautiful.I believe that it can develop as fast as Shanghai in the future. 单元知识检测 I.单项选择 1.—What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ____ from England. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 2.—Who ran_______of all in the sports meeting? —Jim did, I think. A. fast B. faster C.fastest D. more fast 3.—I_______eat vegetables.  —But they are good for you! We should eat them every day.    A.nearly  B. usually  C. always  D. seldom 4.I play basketball every day because I want to play as ______ as Yao Ming. A. well   B. better   C. best D.good 5.His grandparents live ____ in a small house, but they don’t feel______. A.lonely; alone B.alone; lonely C.lonely; lonely D.alone; alone 6.The hotel is very old. It's one of _______ buildings in the city. A. old   B. older   C. oldest  D. the oldest  7.The harder we study, the_______result we will get.  A. good   B. better  C. best  D.well 8.The light in the room wasn’t_________for me to read. A brightly enough B enough brightly C.enough brightly D. bright enough 9.—What do you think of the movie? —Great. I have never seen a_______one. A. good B.bad C. better D.worse 10. It rained_____ yesterday. I had to stay at home. A.  heavily                B.heavy            C.hardly             D.strong 答案:ACDAB DBDCA II.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.—How is your grandma? —She’s fine.She used to_____TV at home after supper.But now she is used to_____out for a walk.(watch;go) 2.—Who will you ask to help with the work,Lucy or Lily? —Lily.She is much______.(careful) 3.—Is Tom_______in your class?(tall) —Yes.No one is taller than him. 4.The man can’t afford__________this apartment.(buy) 5.Wuhan is better than any other_______in Hubei.(city) 答案:1.watch;going 2.more careful 3.tallest 4.to buy 5.city III.句型转换(一空一词) 1.Why don’t you turn off TV?(改为同义句) ______ _____turn off TV? 2.There are no lights in the bedroom.(改为同义句) There_______ ______lights in the bedroom. 1. Peter is less careful than Tom.(改为同义句) Peter isn’t______ ______ ______Tom. 2. Linda didn’t use to be shy.(改为肯定句) Linda______ ______be shy. 3. Lee hardly goes to school by bike.(对划线部分提问) _______ _______does Lee go to school by bike? 答案: 1. Why not 2. aren’t any 3. so/as careful as 4. used to 5. How often IV.完形填空 People all over the world celebrate the new year. However, not all countries celebrate in the same way, and in some countries, the new year doesn’t begin on the 1 date very year. In many countries, the new year begins on 1st January, but people start celebrating on 31st December, New Year’s Eve. In New York many people go to celebrate in Times Square. 2 they’re waiting for the New Year, they listen to music, sing traditional songs and have fun. Just before 12 o’clock, everyone 3 down from 10: 10, 9, 8… As soon as it’s 12 o’clock, everyone shouts very 4 , “Happy New Year!” New Year’s Day is often a family day. Some families get together for a special meal. When the weather is fine, many families go out for a 5 . On New Year’s Day, many people make resolutions for the new year. They 6 a list of things, such as “I will help out more with housework. I will work 7 at school than others.” or “I won’t spend so much time playing video games.” When they have made 8 list, they read it to their family or friends and promise to 9 their resolutions. So it doesn’t matter how they celebrate, 10 people in countries all over the world, it’s a time to say goodbye to the old year, and to welcome the new. 1.( )A. familiar B. same C. important D. normal 2.( ) A. If B. Even though C. While D. Before 3.( )A. comes B. turn C. looks D. counts 4.( )A. loudly B. quietly C. sadly D. safely 5.( )A. walk B. secret C. job D. treatment 6. ( )A. put on B. write down C. take away D. look after 7. ( )A. quickly B. hard C. harder D. hardly 8.( ) A. its B. his C. her D. their 9.( )A. follow B. make C. do D. give 10( )A. by B. for C. with D. from 答案:1~5 BCDAA 6-10 BCDAB V.阅读理解 Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for schools. Several children have got mobile phones from parents and friends as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them. Lucy Bluett, an expert, said mobile phone use was a distraction (分心的事) to students during school hours. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams. She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t call up their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 1.Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones _______. A.when they are at home B.when they are free C.when they are at school 2.We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from . A.the makers and sellers [来源:Z+xx+k.Com] B.the passers-by and strangers C.their parents and friends 3.What does the underlined word “cheat” mean in the passage? A.Behave dishonestly. B.Behave honestly. C.Behave correctly. 4.Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t ______ during school hours. A.use their mobile phones B.call up their children C.help the teachers with their work 答案:CCAB VI.根据短文内容回答下列问题 English is an important international language, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier to learn — but they weren’t always successful. In 1930, Professor C.K. Ogden of Cambridge University invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldn’t understand the answers in ‘real’ English! It was also impossible to explain a word if it wasn’t in the Basic English word list. R.E. Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language with the name Anglic. Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. ‘Father’ became ‘faadher’, ‘new’ became ‘nue’ and ‘years’ became ‘yeerz’. Unluckily, Anglic never became popular. In the age of international communication through the Internet, who knows what will happen? ... a new form of English might appear. A large number of the world’s e-mails are in English and include examples of ‘Net Lingo’ like OIC (Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English might not be used. We might all speak fluent Internetish! 1. Many experts have tried to make English easier to learn, haven’t they? 2. Who invented Basic English in 1930 ? 3. How long could most people learn Basic English according to Professor Ogden? 4. What was the biggest problem for learners of English according to Professor Zachrisson? 5. What might happen to English in another fifty years? 答案:1. Yes, they have. 2. Professor CK Ogden (of Cambridge University). 3. In just 30 hours. 4. Spelling. 5. English might not be used. (We might all speak Internetish.) VII.阅读填词(每空填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词) Dear Anne, How are you? I had great fun last Friday,__1__7th,2019. It was a traditional Chinese festival called Dragon Boat Festival that day. This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of __2__greatest Chinese poets. He killed himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar(阴历) ,278 BC. People there rowed the boats to ___3___him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then threw rice into the ___4___to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body. ___5___ then on, every year on this day, people enjoy ___6___ Zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only ___7___a year, but now we regarded it as our daily food. We can have it any time we like. Have you ever ___8___the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as ___9___as they can. The first team to reach the finish line wins. If you have a plan to visit China next year, would ___10___like to spend this festival with us? Best wishes, Xiao Qiang 答案:1. June 2. the 3. save 4. river/water 5. From 6. eating/having 7. once 8. watched/seen 9. fast 10. you 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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