浙江省2024-2025学年高二下学期公益返校考笔试部分英语试题

2024学年第二学期浙江省公益寒假返校联考 高二年级英语学科笔试部分 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50分） 第一节（共 15小题：每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分） 阅读下列短文，根据文章内容，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A The concept of universal values—principles deemed applicable to all humanity—has roots in ancient civilizations. Chinese philosophers like Confucius emphasized Tian Xia Da Tong (Great Harmony Under Heaven，天下大同), envisioning a world united by shared ethics. Similarly, Greek Stoics proposed natural law as a moral compass transcending borders. These early ideas, however, were confined to regional contexts until globalization catalyzed cross-cultural dialogues. The Enlightenment era marked a turning point. Thinkers like Locke and Rousseau framed universal rights around individual liberty and equality, ideals later enshrined in the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution’s Liberté, égalité, fraternité（自由、平等、博爱）. Yet, this European narrative faced critiques. Postcolonial scholars argue that 18th-century “universalism” often masked cultural imperialism, sidelining non-Western traditions. The 20th century witnessed institutionalization. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) epitomized global consensus, yet tensions persisted. During the Cold War, ideological divides fragmented interpretations: capitalist nations prioritized political freedoms, while socialist states emphasized Socio-economic rights. Notably, the 1993 Vienna Declaration repeated cultural diversity within universalism, stating, “The significance of national particularities must be borne in mind”. Today’s debates center on cultural relativism versus universalism. Critics highlight Western dominance in defining “universal” norms, while advocates stress shared challenges like climate change that demand collective ethics. As philosopher Kwame Appiah observes, “Universalism need not erase differences but can emerge through ‘contamination’ —the blending of distinct value systems”. 21. Which civilizations laid early foundations for universal values? A. Greek and Egyptian B. Chinese and Indian C. Mesopotamian and Roman D. Chinese and Greek 22. The 1993 Vienna Declaration suggests that universal values should _____________. A. acknowledge national uniqueness B. prioritize Western democratic models C.reject all cultural differences D. focus solely on environmental issues 23. Which phrase best describes the author’s perspective on modern universalism? A. A failed Eurocentric project B. An unchanging set of rigid rules C. A complex and evolving dialogue D. A threat to cultural diversity B A British machine scientist with a PhD from Imperial College London, became a global symbol of human-machine integration after being diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS,肌萎缩侧索硬化,即“渐冻症”) in 2017. Given two years to live, he defied medical predictions by transforming himself into the world’s first “cyborg” through radical surgeries and cutting-edge technology. Scott-Morgan’s journey began with a series of groundbreaking procedures. In 2018, he underwent a triple-ostomy —inserting tubes into his stomach, colon, and bladder—to bypass his failing bodily functions. Later, he opted for a laryngectomy (removal of the voice box) to prevent fatal saliva inhalation, replacing his natural speech with an AI-generated voice modeled after his own recordings. His iconic 3D virtual avatar, capable of mimicking facial expressions like smiling and blinking, became his public face. Despite losing physical mobility, Scott-Morgan leveraged eye-tracking technology and brain-computer interfaces to communicate, even authoring a memoir Peter 2.0 in 2021. He viewed his transformation as a rebellion against societal norms: “I aimed to redefine what it means to be trapped in a failing body,” he stated in a documentary. His efforts extended beyond personal survival; he advocated for disabled rights and inspired millions by proving that technology could transcend biological limitations. Scott-Morgan passed away in June 2022, five years post-diagnosis. Though his mechanical enhancements could not ultimately defeat ALS, his legacy reshaped perceptions of disability and human potential. As he famously declared: “I became a laboratory rat to turn science fiction into reality.” 考试时间：120 分钟 24. How did Scott-Morgan’s virtual avatar function? A. It allowed him to walk using robotic legs. B. It replicated his facial expressions and voice. C. It cured his ALS through neural implants. D. It monitored his vital signs remotely. 25. The phrase “a laboratory rat” (last paragraph) implies that Scott-Morgan _____________. A. regretted his experimental surgeries B. criticized the ethics of human enhancement C. prioritized animal testing in his research D. viewed himself as a subject for scientific exploration 26.Which of the following statements about Scott-Morgan's life and legacy provides a nuanced and challenging perspective, blending both admiration and acknowledgment of limitations? A. He transformed into a fully functional cyborg, overcoming all medical predictions and biological constraints. B. He faced his terminal illness with radical surgeries and cutting-edge technology, leaving a lasting impression as a pioneer who inspired discussions on disability rights but ultimately failed to conquer his disease. C. By embracing advanced technology, Scott-Morgan managed to defy death itself, transforming his failing body into a perfect machine, and thus proved that technology could entirely transcend human limitations. D. Scott-Morgan's journey was marked by his relentless pursuit of technological solutions to overcome his condition, ultimately achieving full recovery and becoming a vocal advocate for disabled rights. 27. What is the main message conveyed in the text? A. ALS remains an incurable disease despite technological advances. B. Human-machine integration is the ultimate solution to disability. C. Scott-Morgan’s story redefines human resilience and technological hope. D. Cyborg technology poses significant risks to personal identity. C Contemporary information retrieval systems stand at a crossroads, where DeepSeek's neuro-symbolic architecture fundamentally subverts decades-old methodologies. Unlike traditional models constrained by the lexical-semantic dichotomy（词汇语义二分法） – where BM25 excels at term frequency optimization but falters in contextual inference, or Transformer-based models (BERT, DPR) that capture semantic subtle differences at prohibitive computational costs – DeepSeek pioneers adaptive sparse-dense fusion（稀疏-稠密结合）. This technique dynamically allocates resources through a gating mechanism, achieving 87.3% precision in MIT's TREC Complex Answer Retrieval benchmark while consuming merely 23% of DPR's energy footprint. The model's dynamic sparse activation mechanism, selectively engaging only 12% of parameters per query, contrasts sharply with DSI's memory-intensive full-parameter operations. Stanford's comparative analysis reveals DeepSeek's latency-vs-recall Pareto dominance: 11ms response time with 94% recall against DSI's 37ms/96% tradeoff, a critical advantage in real-time applications like emergency response systems. However, epistemological debates persist. While DeepSeek's multi-hop reasoning capacity (validated by 92% accuracy on HotpotQA's multi-document inference tasks) surpasses classical models, its gradient-disentangled representation learning raises philosophical concerns. The 2023 ACL meta-study documents instances where the model's compressed knowledge distillation inadvertently erased low-resource language morphological patterns, prompting UNESCO（联合国 教科文组织）to draft ethical guidelines for cognitive bias propagation in AI-mediated search. Commercial adoption patterns prove equally transformative. Bloomberg reports that DeepSeek-powered financial analytics platforms reduced fraudulent transaction identification time from 9.2 to 1.4 seconds, outperforming IBM's Watson Discovery by 18.7% in F1 scores. Yet, its black-box query reformulation process remains contentious – the European AI Office recently mandated transparency protocols after DeepSeek's explainability metrics scored 0.48 on the LIRE framework (vs. 0.72 for interpretable systems like Elastic Learned Sparse Encoder). Notes：DSI (Dimension Strategies) is a framework related to dimension strategies in the field of AI by Microsoft. 28. What technological breakthrough enables DeepSeek's energy efficiency? A. Full-parameter optimization B. Gradient-disentangled learning C. Adaptive sparse-dense fusion D. Lexical-semantic dichotomy 29. Which metric highlights DeepSeek's real-time application superiority? A. 92% accuracy on HotpotQA B. 11ms response time with 94% recall C. 0.48 LIRE explainability score D. 87.3% TREC precision rate 30. What ethical concern arises from DeepSeek's design? A. Excessive energy consumption B. Propagation of cognitive biases C. Slow fraud detection speeds D. Overly transparent operations 31.How does the neuro-symbolic integration address model limitations? A. By prioritizing speed over accuracy B. Through compressed knowledge distillation C. Using multi-hop reasoning capacity D. Via dynamic parameter activation D In The Society of the Spectacle (1967,《景观社会》), French philosopher Guy Debord unveiled a radical critique of modern capitalism, arguing that social relations had been replaced by mediated images—a phenomenon he termed "the spectacle." This concept builds on Marx's critique of commodity fetishism but shifts focus from material production to cultural consumption. Debord posits that the spectacle is "a social relationship mediated by images" , where passive consumption of media, advertising, and entertainment obscures real human interactions. Unlike Marx's era of tangible commodity domination, today's capitalism operates through three spectacle forms: concentrated (authoritarian regimes manipulating heroic imagery), diffuse (consumerist societies masking control behind illusory choices), and integrated (a hybrid system combining technology, state power, and perpetual presentism). Central to his thesis is the idea of separation: workers are alienated（异化） not only from their labor but also from leisure, as non-working hours become colonized by spectacles like television and social media. This creates "lonely crowds" who mistake curated images for authentic experiences. For instance, advertising transforms diamonds into symbols of love, fabricating desires detached from material needs. Debord's analysis extends to time and space. He critiques "pseudo-cyclical time" where media cycles erase historical consciousness, and urban planning isolates individuals in "psychogeographical"（心理地理学） traps. His solution—"situations" created through revolutionary art—aims to shatter spectacle-induced passivity. While criticized for technological determinism, Debord's work remains vital in analyzing digital-era phenomena like influencer culture and algorithm-driven "information cocoons". As he warned: "The spectacle is the sun that never sets over the empire of modern passivity." 32. According to Debord, what fundamentally characterizes the spectacle society? A. The rise of artificial intelligence in labor markets B. Social relationships replaced by image-based mediation C. Government censorship of historical narratives D. Environmental degradation caused by consumerism 33. Which of the following is NOT a form of spectacle identified by Debord? Integrated scene combining technology and state power B. Diffuse spectacle promoting illusory consumer freedom C. Revolutionary spectacle advocating proletarian uprising D. Concentrated scenery centered on authoritarian imagery 34. What does the author mean by mentioning"diamonds as symbols of love"？ A. Describe the economic value of luxury goods B. Illustrate spectacle's creation of artificial desires C. Present romantic ideals in capitalist societies D. Uncover environmental impacts of mining industries 35. Which title best captures the article's critical perspective on Debord's theory? A. The Spectacle Society: When Image Dominates Reality B. Imperial Image: AModern Alienation Beyond Debord C. From Factories to Screens: The Evolution of Labor Exploitation D.Art Versus Algorithms: Reshaping Cultural Consumption 第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：选项中有两项为多余选项。 Researchers define self-control or self-discipline as “ability to control or change one’s inner responses”. 36. However,some people think that as an immediate consequence of leading lives of constant self-control,they aren’t likely to gain a lot of pleasure from life. 37. To start,414 adults completed on online survey.In the survey,they rated the their self-control by indicating how much they agreed with 14 views,such as“I indeed do certain things that are bad for me,if they are fun.” In their study,205 adults were given smart phones and required to report their emotions at random moments throughout the week. 38. If so,they had to report how hard they tried to resist them,and whether they eventually ended up acting on them.After undergoing reliable experiments,the researchers found that the more self-control people had,the more satisfied they were with their lives in the long run. 39. In fact,such people’s increased happiness to a large extent accounted for the increased life satisfaction. These researchers also figured out that people high in self-control are simply less likely to find themselves in situations where that’s even an issue.They don’t waste time fighting inner battles over whether or not to eat a second piece of cake.40. And that,it would seem,makes them more joyous……even if occasionally a little bit sad. A．In a word,they are not bothered about such little desires. B．Researchers checked these general ideas through a survey and study. C．It is generally believed that in the long run self-control can make people happier. D．Meanwhile,they were also asked to report whether they were experiencing any desires. E．However,people with more self-control were also more likely to be happy in the short run. F . But they are still uncertain why some people are more able to control their inner responses. G．Most adults reported they failed to control their desire to play video games before an exam. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 30分） 第一节（共 15小题；每小题 1分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the 41.______ tagline that Virgin Galactic used in 2004 to attract potential customers to its planned space tourism services. It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. On July 11, 2021, after a last 90-minute delay, Virgin Galactic finally began its fulfillment of that original 42.______. For four minutes, its six temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s British co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet against the blackness of outer space. Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “miraculous”. He may have 43._______ the fact that he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier. On July 20, Bezos would go slightly higher, for slightly less time, in a vehicle that had been built by his own spacefaring company, Blue Origin. The two tycoons (大亨) are among an incremental number of 44._______ who uncompromisingly believe that space tourism’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has swiftly grown over the past decade 45. _______ technological advances. However, it is highly 46._______ that this will be true. For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer 47._______ suborbital flights to paying customers. Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon. 48._______, Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to adventure-seekers. Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n) 49._______, apparently. A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket. The business could be 50._______, once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is 51.________. Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is stringently limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner. Another challenge — and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to 52.________. History has shown that a disaster, 53.________ in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years. NASA 54.________ its plan to send the untrained to orbit in 1986 after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy. It was another 15 years before the next untrained person would 55.________ the journey on a Russian craft. 41.A．modest B．demanding C．motivational D．unclear 42.A．obligation B．commitment C．requirement D．survey 43.A．felt ashamed of B．kept an eye on C．felt content with D．got upset with 44.A．optimists B．opponents C．experts D．objectors 45.A．thanks to B．but for C．apart from D．in spite of 46.A．impossible B．undoubted C．probable D．favorable 47.A．long-lasting B．inexpensive C．automatic D．brief 48.A．On the contrary B．What’s more C．In the long run D．Above all 49.A．shortcoming B．limitation C．advantage D．appeal 50.A．profitable B．uneconomic C．eco-friendly D．globalized 51.A．predictable B．essential C．irrelevant D．uncertain 52.A．Development B．security C．stability D．novelty 53.A．particularly B．critically C．precisely D．unforeseeably 54.A．initiated B．drafted C．modified D．suspended 55.A．brave B．abandon C．steer D．Pause 第二节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the recent relaxation in travel restrictions, I found myself 56. (visit) Innsbruck, the capital city of the state of Tyrol in Western Austria.The destination within snow-capped mountains is perfect for a short break. Even the approach 57. Innsbruck Airport by air is a breathtaking sight as the plane 58. (gentle) moves between the mountains on its journey to the runway. The city is a 59. (combine) of modern architecture and historic buildings, serving both as a university town and a tourist center. Weaving my way through cobbled streets and well-designed buildings, I was impressed by this stunning city 60. was the Imperial capital 500 years ago, when the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I lived here, and it still lives up to 61. (it)royal connections today with the unique architecture. I wandered round this small city,62. (amaze)at the dramatic backdrop of the Nordkette mountain which offers skiing and hiking near the downtown. The Goldenes Dachl, 63. significant landmark in Innsbruck with 2,657 golden copper tiles(瓦片)that shine in the sunlight, took my breath away. Innsbruck 64. (steal) my heart with the stunning architecture, majestic mountains and friendly people. I couldn’t wait to return 65. (explore) more of this delightful European city. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40分） 第一节（满分 15分） 66.假定你是浙江省某国际学校学生会主席李华，学生会将组织科技节宣讲活动，主题为：“技术变革与科 技探索”（Technological reformation and exploration），请你用英语提供一篇活动开幕词，内容包括： 1.欢迎到来的嘉宾与师生们。 2.举办活动目的和主要内容。 3.宣讲活动圆满成功的祝福。 注意： 1.写作词数应为 80左右； 2.请按题左给出的写作格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 第二节（满分 25分） 67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The storm arrived without warning. Dark clouds devoured the mountaintop as sixteen-year-old Liam clung to the cliff edge, his fingers raw against the jagged rocks. Below him, the hiking rope snapped in the wind—its frayed end mocking his reckless decision to climb alone. Lightning split the sky like silver snakes, illuminating a narrow ledge three meters to his left. If I can reach it... A voice pierced the howling wind. "Hold on!" Through the downpour, Liam spotted a figure in a red jacket anchoring a rope to a pine tree. It was Elena, the exchange student from his school whom he'd avoided since their argument over the robotics competition. Her gloved hands trembled as she secured the harness. "Grab this carabiner!" she yelled, tossing the metal clip. Memories flooded back—Elena correcting his circuit designs with infuriating precision, his pride refusing to acknowledge her skills. Now, her survival gear outshone his amateur setup. The carabiner clattered against stone, sliding toward the abyss. Liam lunged, catching it as his foothold crumbled. For twenty agonizing minutes, they worked in silent coordination. Elena stabilized the rope while Liam inched sideways, his boots scraping moss-covered stones. When his leg cramped mid-move, she hummed an unfamiliar melody—a Tibetan folk tune, he later learned—its rhythm steadying his breathing. The ledge proved treacherous. Rain transformed its surface into a liquid mirror, reflecting their exhausted faces. "We'll traverse together," Elena decided, securing their ropes in a butterfly knot. Liam noticed her bleeding palms—she'd hidden her injuries to keep him focused. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Dawn broke as they reached the forest trail. Paragraph 2: The rescue team found them debating quantum physics applications in climbing gear. Dear distinguished guests，teachers and fellow students， _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________. 2024学年第二学期浙江省公益寒假返校联考 高二年级英语学科笔试部分参考答案 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 21-23DAC 24-27BDBC 28-31CBBC 32-35BCBA 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 36-40CBDEA 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 41-45CBCAA 46-50BDCDA 51-55DBADA 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 56-60 visiting to gently combination which/that 61-65 its amazed a stole to explore 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66.One possible answer： Dear distinguished guests, teachers, and fellow students, It is my utmost honor to welcome you to our annual Technology Festival themed “Technological Reformation and Exploration”. To our honored guests from the Provincial Science Association, devoted teachers, and enthusiastic peers—your presence invigorates this innovative journey. This event aspires to connect imagination with reality. Through insightful talks on AI ethics, robotics showcases, and student - led hands - on sessions, we aim to spark curiosity about technology's impact on education, sustainability, and global connections. Notably, the “Future Vision” panel will display your creative designs for smart cities—evidence that young minds hold the keys to tomorrow’s solutions. As an old Chinese saying goes, “A spark can start a prairie fire.” May today’s exchanges not only fuel academic inspiration but also encourage collaborative courage to venture into unexplored territories. Let’s celebrate both the precision of science and the artistry of discovery. Here’s to a festival where every experiment hints at a revolution and every idea plays with possibility. Thank you! Li Hua Student Union President 第二节（满分25分） 67. One possible answer： Dawn broke as they reached the forest trail. Their clothes were mud - streaked, and their teeth chattered uncontrollably as they shivered in the cold morning air. Exhaustion had long since set in, but they managed to drag themselves beside a glacial stream, its icy waters flowing with an untamed energy. Elena, with a look of determination mixed with a hint of relief, produced two energy bars from her waterproof pouch. She handed him one. He took it, a slight smile playing on his lips. It was his favorite flavor, a fact that he had never explicitly mentioned, but Elena had somehow always known. The rich aroma of the chocolate filled the air for a brief moment, a small comfort in the midst of their ordeal.Unexpectedly,rescue came soon. The rescue team found them debating quantum physics applications in climbing gear. "You’re still wrong about neural networks," Liam muttered, his voice slightly muffled by the chattering of his teeth, yet there was a playful glint in his eyes. Elena laughed, a sound that was like a warm ray of sunlight piercing through the dark and heavy storm clouds. In that instant, the unspoken apology that had hung between them for so long, like a fragile thread in the wind, became stronger than any rope. It was a bond that could bridge the gaps that words could never mend, a connection that had been forged through their shared experiences and the understanding that had grown between them in the face of adversity. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$