Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Discover useful structures To distinguish non-restrictive relative clauses from restrictive relative clauses. To make sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. 语法精讲 一、非限制性定语从句中的关系词 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有: 关系代词 which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词 when, where, why等 关系词在从句中所作成分的比较: 成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 关系代词 √ √ √ √ × 关系副词 × × × × √ In rural areas, where/in which ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a life-saving role. 在农村,救护车要花相对长的时间到达,电话亭就承担了救命的角色。 Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那里学了很多东西。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌子上的书是我们的奖品,书的封皮很亮。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。 注意： (1)whose作定语,先行词是人时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of whom”;先行词是物时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of which”。 (2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。when/where可以用“介词+which”来代替。 (3)非限制性定语从句表原因时,不用 why 引导,而用 for which代替 why。 Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. restrictive relative clause function:modify the kind of medical treatments they tested. 6 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive. non-restrictive relative clause 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. non-restrictive relative clause 4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. non-restrictive relative clause function:give extra information about Nobel Prize function:give extra information about Hainan function:give extra information about patients 7 定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 non-restrictive relative clauses 一、形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔 开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔 开。如： The number of people who/that own cars is increasing. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. 二、作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整； 非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。如： Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity. Franklin, who was very young, discovered the nature of electricity. 先行词往往是抽象，不够具体的 先行词：具体，从句旨在补充说明评述先行词或主句 Task 1 boil botanical properties liquid substance 10 1..., and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. 2.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 3.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either. 4.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 5.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. Read the sentences aloud. 11 Task 2 distinction evaluate commitment concluded analysing 12 distinct indistinct distinguish distinctive distinction commit commission commitment committed value valueless invaluable valuable evauation evaluate 13 二、关系代词as和which 关系代词as和which既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,就像 这(一点),那(一点) As is reported in the papers, our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite.报纸上报道,我们国家又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 (as 指代主句内容,位于句首) The singer, as was expected, achieved great success. 正如所预料的那样,这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句内容,位于句中,用逗号隔开) These three books were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 这三本书被当作礼物给了我,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。 (which 指代主句内容,位于句末) 注意: as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构: 用适当的关系词填空 1.The weather turned out to be very fine,　　　　　 was more than we could expect.  2.　　　 has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.  3.He failed in the driving test,　　　　　 we had expected.  which As as 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The foreign guests, ________ (who / that) were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. 2) My father bought me several books, none of ________ (which / that) I like to read. 3) Is there anyone in your class ________ (which / whose) family is in the city? 4) Football, ________ (which / that) is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. who which whose which 5) The students went to the hospital to see Miss Zhang, ________ (that / whom) they respect greatly. 6) They went to the Royal Theatre, ________ (which / where) they saw the great show. 7) The weather turned out to be very good, ________ (which / that) was more than I had expected. 8) There are 50 students in our class, half of ________ (whom / who) are girls. whom where which      whom Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently? The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 步骤：寻找两个句子的相同成分，由此确定先行词/所修饰补充说明的成分，选用合适的引导词（关代、关副），并使用逗号将其主句（传达句子意义的主干部分）和从句在一起。 Example 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where(=in which) Hitler was in power. the old man He =? 我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。 Germany there = ? 后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。 1.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les. 2.Many westerners _______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 3．They worked for two hours to rescue the man _______ was injured in the accident. 4.Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring. 5.We are talking about one of the most interesting devices ________ allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives. Exercise which who who/that which that 22 Task 2 23 Task 3 24 THANKS 单击此处添加副标题 25 as is as has been $$