精品解析：北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末英语试题

海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期末练习 高三英语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Last weekend, I took Rio, my energetic 3-year-old grandson who couldn’t sit still for a moment, to the park so he could run around and see the duck pond. My goal was to get him outside for a while, let him ___1___ some energy, and teach him about the ducks. But he had no goals. Three-year-olds don’t need goals. That was the first of several lessons I learned that day. I had expected to be the teacher, but I had it ___2___. My grandson helped me remember things we’re born knowing but forget in the process of becoming an adult. Rio had a sense of ___3___. As soon as we walked into the park, he looked up at the sky. It was a cold day, with pillowy clouds drifting across the sky, and he found ___4___ in watching them. I’d forgotten how magical clouds could be. His exploration was endless. He was always on the search for sticks. He knew that a stick could be used for many things. He scraped the ground with them, rapped a drumbeat with them on trees and benches, and ___5___ them in the air like a flag. No need for toys or electronic devices, unlike at home. Just sticks. There were a few kids playing in the park with a parent and people walking dogs. Rio said hi to everyone and stuck out his hand for a high-five with a few 4- to 5-year-olds. He tried to ___6___ conversations with enthusiasm. It was clear he didn’t care what people looked like, how old they were, or whether they said hello first. No ___7___. Just a sincere desire to ___8___. My biggest revelation from our hour in the park was that Rio was fully ___9___ no matter what he was doing. He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, or what we were going to do next. He was, every second we were there, completely and absolutely in the ____10____. I wish I could be. Don’t we all? 1. A. burn B. feel C. waste D. produce 2. A. together B. here C. out D. backwards 3. A. direction B. wonder C. security D. purpose 4. A. joy B. hope C. difference D. relief 5. A. broke B. threw C. waved D. kicked 6. A. write down B. strike up C. reflect on D. look into 7. A. envy B. guilt C. judgment D. amazement 8. A. show B. improve C. explain D. connect 9. A. aware B. prepared C. present D. informed 10. A. way B. lead C. balance D. moment 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is now completely encircled by a green belt ____11____ (stretch) 3,046 km. This is part of China’s Three-North Shelter Belt Forest Program to address desertification and restore ecological balance. Since the launch of the program ____12____ 1978, China ____13____ (expand) its afforestation area by 32 million hectares (公顷). The project fully demonstrates China’s ____14____ (innovate) approach to ecological construction and offers valuable experience for global efforts in fighting desertification. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Today’s parents face something different and more demanding. They are expected to spend ever more time and money educating and enriching their children. These pressures, researchers say, ____15____ (drive) in part by fears that if parents do not equip their children with every possible advantage, their children could fail to achieve a secure life. This parenting style involves painstakingly and methodically cultivating children’s talents, academics and futures through everyday ____16____ (activity). But we may have got into a situation, some experts suggest, ____17____ intensive parenting has become too intense for parents. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 We all have been in this situation: At a meeting, everyone else agrees on a solution, and you are the only one still opposing it, or at least doubting ____18____ it will work. Employees often face this dilemma, referred to as “conformity bias (从众偏差)” — individuals feel ____19____ (stress) to go along with the decision of the majority, even if it seems wrong. ____20____ (avoid) this bias, leaders should ensure that everyone at the table has a voice and that all options are considered in order to work toward a better solution. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Take part in our award-winning summer STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) teen academic programs. All courses are conducted online. Current course offerings include: Biotech Research: Complete an award-winning, competitive admissions program this year. You’ll thank yourself when you have one more prestigious credential to add to your college applications. We provide students with state-of-the-art lab equipment and materials to use at home — all shipped to your doorstep. The time is NOW to apply. Biomedical & Surgical Research: The Biomedical and Surgical Research program brings anatomy (解剖) to life through discussion and practice of surgical procedures. From case studies and lectures to mock surgical procedures, students spend three weeks learning what it takes to be a surgeon. Polymer Chemistry: Materials Science is a new exciting field that includes polymer chemistry and plastics engineering of materials to synthesize (合成) and to create custom or brand new materials with specific products for specific uses. Receive materials right to your home to create your own polymers! Intro to Robotics: Are you always taking things apart, seeing how they work and then putting them back together again? Are you curious how robots and other machines work? From voice activated, digital personal assistants like Alexa and Siri to our everyday kitchen appliances, the world of robotics is advancing and robots are becoming an integral part of our everyday life. The future is now and the field of robotics is booming! Forensics (法医学): Do mysteries excite you? Do you dive into crime scene shows such as Criminal Minds and Law & Order? Do you want to go behind the scenes to learn what happens during a crime investigation or trial? This remote program is designed for students all over the world interested in the scientific approach to crime scenes. This program will introduce the principles of forensic science and will provide the opportunity to explore lab techniques, fingerprint methods and more through the VR techniques! Click here to see session dates and costs. 21. Which courses offer to ship materials? A. Polymer Chemistry and Forensics. B. Intro to Robotics and Biotech Research. C. Biotech Research and Polymer Chemistry. D. Forensics and Biomedical & Surgical Research. 22. Students who choose Forensics can ______. A. watch TV series with VR equipment B. study criminal minds on the scene C. draft the principles of forensic science D. experience crime investigation virtually 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote summer academic programs. B. To compare different online programs. C. To introduce the content of the programs. D. To explain the benefits of the programs. B On a brisk October morning, with 20 pounds of gear on my back, I hiked up a steep, rocky trail. With each step, I felt my throat tighter and my lungs heave. This was an experiment. Growing up, my family’s annual “hikes” often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles. Decades later, I wondered, at the ripe age of 26, could I learn to love the outdoors? I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking. Prepared with weeks of exercise, I joined my group at the trailhead near the city border. An hour after setting off, I fell behind, not sure if I could make it. Frank, my hiking companion, slowed down to accompany me. “Look at the sky, the trees!” he exclaimed. Wheezing, I stopped to crane my neck. Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off. The wind whistled, rustling the yellow canopy overhead. Continuing on, I made a point to stop and look around every few minutes. Three hours later, we reached our campsite, a vast grassy area. Frank guided me through putting up my tent, a small victory after a challenging morning. We then sought our only water source, Sunfish Pond. Much to my annoyance, I repeatedly lost my footing and returned to camp after countless falls. At camp, I built a fire using only flint (火石) sticks. My cheap sleeping pad kept losing air, and my sleeping bag did little to keep the cold air out. Around 2 a.m. I teared up in frustration and lay sleepless. However, emerging from my tent into the misty morning, I felt my mood lifted. Autumn seemed to have kicked in overnight and the leaves glowed. I ate a breakfast of instant noodles and then joined the others, sharing intimate thoughts I usually kept hidden. Back at the trailhead where we started, my friend asked what we were grateful for. I piped up about the vulnerable and funny conversations I’d enjoyed with fellow hikers — and the space to reflect. The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible. Did the experiment work? Memories of that sleepless, freezing night might give me pause before I crawl into a tent again. But that doesn’t mean I’m away from the woods completely. I returned to New York smelly and sore, but when I stepped off the bus into the city’s hustle and bustle, I also felt an unexpected calm. 24. Why did the author decide to go on a hiking trip? A. To improve his physical health. B. To escape from the fast-paced city life. C. To explore his potential for the outdoors. D. To revisit a childhood passion for hiking. 25. Which best describes the author’s emotional journey? ① amazed ② doubtful ③ annoyed ④ peaceful ⑤ uplifted A. ③②⑤①④ B. ②①③⑤④ C. ②③①④⑤ D. ③④②①⑤ 26. What has the author learned from the experience? A. Success lies in self-acceptance. B. Wilderness heals a broken heart. C. Small setbacks lead to great achievements. D. Nature gives more than expected. C As global temperatures continue to rise due to human-induced climate change, precise computerized climate models will be crucial in shedding light on how our climate will evolve in the coming years. A study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres by Chloe Clark and her team from UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a commonly used climate model known as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by that surface back into space. It is a critical factor in determining Earth’s climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albedo, such as snow and ice, reflect a large portion of solar energy, whereas darker surfaces like forests or oceans absorb more solar energy. “We found that with old model versions, the ice is too reflective by about five percent,” said Chloe Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much too high.” The amount of sunlight the planet receives and reflects is important for estimating how much the planet will warm in the coming years. Previous versions of E3SM overestimated albedo because they failed to account for microphysical properties of ice in a warming world. These properties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have on albedo. Dark colored algae and dust can make snow and ice less reflective and less able to reflect sunlight. To do the analysis, Clarke and her team studied satellite data to track the albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet. They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations. Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly minuscule properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate. “I think our work is going to help models do a much better job of helping us capture snow and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said. Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.” 27. According to the passage, albedo ______. A. changes with the lightness of surfaces B. matches up with the shape of the ice or snow C. is a measure of the solar energy arriving at the surface D. varies with the direction of the incoming solar radiation 28. What can be learned from the passage? A. The new model is more reliable than satellite observations. B. The previous model versions overestimate Greenland melt. C. Model adaptation improves the accuracy of climate predictions. D. Scientists have used the model globally to reduce the discrepancy. 29. What does the underlined word “minuscule” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable. 30. The last paragraph is written to ______. A. note the limitations of the finding B. point out further research directions C. illustrate the benefits of a new approach D. sum up the changes made in E3SM D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. ____35____. Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. ____36____ Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. ____37____ With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. ____38____ But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. ____39____ For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B. You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C. Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D. Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E. Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F. It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G. You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Cambridge Dictionary defines curiosity as “an eager wish to know or learn about something” which comes in various types. Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. As children, we bubble over with curiosity. However, as we grow up, it can fade. Worse, we can come to believe that it’s a bad thing. After all, didn’t it kill the cat? Neuroscience suggests one explanation for this decline. Brains in early childhood possess great plasticity and lay down lots of neural pathways based on the information we gather from all that curious exploring and experimenting. However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. Whatever underlies our shrinking curiosity, research repeatedly shows that we’d be better off continuing to cultivate it. Curiosity is linked to lower levels of anxiety, a greater satisfaction in life, achieving academically, building empathy and improved relationships. It also protects brain health through staying mentally active by trying something new. These positive effects of curiosity are deeply intertwined with our brain’s chemical responses. Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more. It’s easy to see how this brain chemistry has helped us. Curiosity has motivated our ancestors to question, experiment and learn, leading us out of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and, finally, to the Information Age. It has sparked our greatest achievements and discoveries and continues in our personal lives to bring greater contentment. So, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because for us humans, curiosity continues to be essential, both to our survival and our ability to flourish. 40. What are the three types of curiosity according to Ian Leslie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why do we rely on earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you develop your curiosity? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上周举办了主题为“让传统文化潮起来”的创意文化节。你的英国好友Jim看到了你分享的活动照片，对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的感想。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期末练习 高三英语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Last weekend, I took Rio, my energetic 3-year-old grandson who couldn’t sit still for a moment, to the park so he could run around and see the duck pond. My goal was to get him outside for a while, let him ___1___ some energy, and teach him about the ducks. But he had no goals. Three-year-olds don’t need goals. That was the first of several lessons I learned that day. I had expected to be the teacher, but I had it ___2___. My grandson helped me remember things we’re born knowing but forget in the process of becoming an adult. Rio had a sense of ___3___. As soon as we walked into the park, he looked up at the sky. It was a cold day, with pillowy clouds drifting across the sky, and he found ___4___ in watching them. I’d forgotten how magical clouds could be. His exploration was endless. He was always on the search for sticks. He knew that a stick could be used for many things. He scraped the ground with them, rapped a drumbeat with them on trees and benches, and ___5___ them in the air like a flag. No need for toys or electronic devices, unlike at home. Just sticks. There were a few kids playing in the park with a parent and people walking dogs. Rio said hi to everyone and stuck out his hand for a high-five with a few 4- to 5-year-olds. He tried to ___6___ conversations with enthusiasm. It was clear he didn’t care what people looked like, how old they were, or whether they said hello first. No ___7___. Just a sincere desire to ___8___. My biggest revelation from our hour in the park was that Rio was fully ___9___ no matter what he was doing. He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, or what we were going to do next. He was, every second we were there, completely and absolutely in the ____10____. I wish I could be. Don’t we all? 1. A. burn B. feel C. waste D. produce 2. A. together B. here C. out D. backwards 3. A. direction B. wonder C. security D. purpose 4. A. joy B. hope C. difference D. relief 5. A. broke B. threw C. waved D. kicked 6. A. write down B. strike up C. reflect on D. look into 7. A. envy B. guilt C. judgment D. amazement 8. A. show B. improve C. explain D. connect 9. A. aware B. prepared C. present D. informed 10. A. way B. lead C. balance D. moment 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带孙子Rio外出消耗一些能量，并且从孙子身上学到了很多人生道理。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标是带他出去一会儿，让他消耗一些能量，教他认识鸭子。A. burn消耗，燃烧；B. feel感觉；C. waste浪费；D. produce产生。根据上文“Last weekend, I took Rio, my energetic 3-year-old grandson who couldn’t sit still for a moment, to the park so he could run around and see the duck pond.(上周末，我带着3岁的孙子Rio去公园，他精力充沛，一刻也不能安静地坐着，这样他就可以到处跑，看看鸭子池塘)”可知，孙子精力充沛，一刻也不能安静地坐着，所以去公园是为了消耗孙子的能量。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我本想当老师，但我把事情搞反了。A. together一起；B. here这里；C. out出去；D. backwards向后，相反。根据后文“My grandson helped me remember things we’re born knowing but forget in the process of becoming an adult.(我的孙子帮助我记住了一些我们出生时就知道，但在长大成人的过程中却忘记了的事情)”可知，作者本来应该教导孙子，但是孙子却帮助了作者，所以事情是反过来了。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rio有一种惊奇的感觉。A. direction方向；B. wonder惊奇，奇迹；C. security安全；D. purpose目的。根据后文“His exploration was endless. He was always on the search for sticks. He knew that a stick could be used for many things.(他的探索永无止境。他总是到处找棍子。他知道一根棍子可以用来做很多事情)”可知，孙子对世界充满好奇，总是有惊奇的感觉。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个寒冷的日子，云雾飘过天空，他看着它们感到很快乐。A. joy快乐；B. hope希望；C. difference差异；D. relief安慰。根据后文“in watching them”可知，孙子对世界充满好奇，看着云雾也感到快乐。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用它们一起刮地面，在树上和长凳上敲鼓，像旗帜一样在空中挥舞。A. broke打破；B. threw扔；C. waved挥动；D. kicked踢。根据后文“them in the air like a flag”指棍子像旗帜一样在空中挥舞。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他试图热情地开始谈话。A. write down写下；B. strike up引起，开始；C. reflect on反思；D. look into调查。根据上文“Rio said hi to everyone and stuck out his hand for a high-five with a few 4- to 5-year-olds.(Rio向每个人打招呼，并伸出手与几个4到5岁的孩子击掌)”可知，孙子主动发起对话。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不会评头论足。A. envy嫉妒；B. guilt内疚；C. judgment判断，评判；D. amazement惊讶。根据上文“It was clear he didn’t care what people looked like, how old they were, or whether they said hello first.(很明显，他不在乎人们的长相、年龄，也不在乎他们是否先打招呼)”指孙子不会评判别人。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是一种想要联系的真诚渴望。A. show展示；B. improve改善；C. explain解释；D. connect连接。根据上文“Rio said hi to everyone and stuck out his hand for a high-five with a few 4- to 5-year-olds.(Rio向每个人打招呼，并伸出手与几个4到5岁的孩子击掌)”可知，孙子主动发起谈话，是因为想要建立联系。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从我们在公园的那一小时里，我最大的收获是Rio无论在做什么都是全身心投入的。A. aware意识到的；B. prepared准备好的；C. present当前的，目前的；D. informed有知识的。根据后文“He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, or what we were going to do next.(他从不问现在是什么时间，我们什么时候离开，或者我们下一步要做什么)”可知，指孙子总是活在当下。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在当下，我们每一秒都在那里，完全和绝对在那一刻。A. way方法；B. lead带领；C. balance平衡；D. moment时刻。根据上文“He never asked what time it was, when we were leaving, or what we were going to do next.(他从不问现在是什么时间，我们什么时候离开，或者我们下一步要做什么)”可知，孙子活在当下，他们在一起的每一秒都是完全和绝对在那一刻。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The largest desert in China, the Taklamakan Desert, is now completely encircled by a green belt ____11____ (stretch) 3,046 km. This is part of China’s Three-North Shelter Belt Forest Program to address desertification and restore ecological balance. Since the launch of the program ____12____ 1978, China ____13____ (expand) its afforestation area by 32 million hectares (公顷). The project fully demonstrates China’s ____14____ (innovate) approach to ecological construction and offers valuable experience for global efforts in fighting desertification. 【答案】11. stretching 12. in 13. has expanded 14. innovative 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国的三北防护林工程的实施对生态恢复的贡献以及对全球防治荒漠化的启示。 【11题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：全长3,046公里的绿色带现在完全环绕着中国最大的沙漠——塔克拉玛干沙漠。此处green belt和stretch在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词形式stretching作后置定语修饰green belt。故填stretching。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：自1978年该项目启动以来，中国的造林面积增加了3200万公顷。根据句意，此处表示在哪一年，应该用介词in。故填in。 【13题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：自1978年该项目启动以来，中国的造林面积增加了3200万公顷。句中“Since the launch of the program  2 1978”作时间状语，应使用现在完成时，谓语动词用has expanded，故填has expanded。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该项目充分展示了中国在生态建设中的创新方法，并为全球防治荒漠化提供了宝贵的经验。空处需用形容词修饰名词approach，故填innovative。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Today’s parents face something different and more demanding. They are expected to spend ever more time and money educating and enriching their children. These pressures, researchers say, ____15____ (drive) in part by fears that if parents do not equip their children with every possible advantage, their children could fail to achieve a secure life. This parenting style involves painstakingly and methodically cultivating children’s talents, academics and futures through everyday ____16____ (activity). But we may have got into a situation, some experts suggest, ____17____ intensive parenting has become too intense for parents. 【答案】15. are driven##have been driven 16. activities 17. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲当今父母面临育儿压力，以密集方式培养孩子，却陷入对父母而言过于紧张的困境。 【15题详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：研究人员说，这些压力部分是由恐惧所驱动的，即如果父母不能给孩子提供一切可能的优势，他们的孩子可能无法过上安稳的生活。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，句子的主语These pressures和drive之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可用现在完成时的被动语态强调动作对现在的影响，主语pressures是复数。故填are driven或have been driven。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这种育儿方式包括通过日常活动精心、有条不紊地培养孩子的才能、学业和未来。分析句子可知，activity是可数名词，此处表示“日常活动”，由句意可知，这里指不止一项活动，应用复数形式activities。故填activities。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：但一些专家认为，我们可能陷入了一种情况，即密集育儿对父母来说已经过于紧张了。分析句子可知，a situation是先行词，后面的从句intensive parenting has become too intense for parents是定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 We all have been in this situation: At a meeting, everyone else agrees on a solution, and you are the only one still opposing it, or at least doubting ____18____ it will work. Employees often face this dilemma, referred to as “conformity bias (从众偏差)” — individuals feel ____19____ (stress) to go along with the decision of the majority, even if it seems wrong. ____20____ (avoid) this bias, leaders should ensure that everyone at the table has a voice and that all options are considered in order to work toward a better solution. 【答案】18. whether##if 19. stressed 20. To avoid 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“从众偏差”以及如何避免。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们都有过这样的经历：在会议上，每个人都同意一个解决方案，而你是唯一一个反对它的人，或者至少是唯一一个怀疑它是否有效的人。引导宾语从句，表示“是否”应用whether或if。故填whether/if。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：员工经常面临这种困境，这种困境被称为“从众偏见”——个人会感到压力，不得不遵从大多数人的决定，即使这些决定看起来是错误的。修饰人，作表语，用形容词stressed。故填stressed。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免这种偏见，领导者应该确保每个人都有发言权，并考虑所有的选择，以寻求更好的解决方案。此处avoid作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填To avoid。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Take part in our award-winning summer STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) teen academic programs. All courses are conducted online. Current course offerings include: Biotech Research: Complete an award-winning, competitive admissions program this year. You’ll thank yourself when you have one more prestigious credential to add to your college applications. We provide students with state-of-the-art lab equipment and materials to use at home — all shipped to your doorstep. The time is NOW to apply. Biomedical & Surgical Research: The Biomedical and Surgical Research program brings anatomy (解剖) to life through discussion and practice of surgical procedures. From case studies and lectures to mock surgical procedures, students spend three weeks learning what it takes to be a surgeon. Polymer Chemistry: Materials Science is a new exciting field that includes polymer chemistry and plastics engineering of materials to synthesize (合成) and to create custom or brand new materials with specific products for specific uses. Receive materials right to your home to create your own polymers! Intro to Robotics: Are you always taking things apart, seeing how they work and then putting them back together again? Are you curious how robots and other machines work? From voice activated, digital personal assistants like Alexa and Siri to our everyday kitchen appliances, the world of robotics is advancing and robots are becoming an integral part of our everyday life. The future is now and the field of robotics is booming! Forensics (法医学): Do mysteries excite you? Do you dive into crime scene shows such as Criminal Minds and Law & Order? Do you want to go behind the scenes to learn what happens during a crime investigation or trial? This remote program is designed for students all over the world interested in the scientific approach to crime scenes. This program will introduce the principles of forensic science and will provide the opportunity to explore lab techniques, fingerprint methods and more through the VR techniques! Click here to see session dates and costs. 21. Which courses offer to ship materials? A. Polymer Chemistry and Forensics. B. Intro to Robotics and Biotech Research. C. Biotech Research and Polymer Chemistry. D. Forensics and Biomedical & Surgical Research. 22. Students who choose Forensics can ______. A. watch TV series with VR equipment B. study criminal minds on the scene C. draft the principles of forensic science D. experience crime investigation virtually 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote summer academic programs. B. To compare different online programs. C. To introduce the content of the programs. D. To explain the benefits of the programs. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍线上夏季STEM青少年学术项目，包括生物技术、法医学等课程，呼吁学生参与并提供查看课程日期和费用的途径。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Biotech Research部分“We provide students with state-of-the-art lab equipment and materials to use at home—all shipped to your doorstep. (我们为学生提供最先进的实验室设备和材料供在家使用，所有这些都会送货上门。)” 以及Polymer Chemistry部分“Receive materials right to your home to create your own polymers!(材料会直接送到你家，让你创造自己的聚合物！)”可知，Biotech Research和Polymer Chemistry这两门课程提供寄送材料服务。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Forensics部分“This program will introduce the principles of forensic science and will provide the opportunity to explore lab techniques, fingerprint methods and more through the VR techniques!(这个项目将介绍法医学的原理，并提供通过虚拟现实技术探索实验室技术、指纹识别方法等的机会！)”可知，选择Forensics课程的学生可以通过VR技术，虚拟地体验犯罪调查。故选D项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章开头“Take part in our award-winning summer STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) teen academic programs. All courses are conducted online.(参加我们屡获殊荣的夏季 STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）青少年学术项目。所有课程均在线进行。)”以及最后“Click here to see session dates and costs.(点击此处查看课程日期和费用。)”可知，文章旨在推广这些夏季学术项目，吸引学生报名参加。故选A项。 B On a brisk October morning, with 20 pounds of gear on my back, I hiked up a steep, rocky trail. With each step, I felt my throat tighter and my lungs heave. This was an experiment. Growing up, my family’s annual “hikes” often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles. Decades later, I wondered, at the ripe age of 26, could I learn to love the outdoors? I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking. Prepared with weeks of exercise, I joined my group at the trailhead near the city border. An hour after setting off, I fell behind, not sure if I could make it. Frank, my hiking companion, slowed down to accompany me. “Look at the sky, the trees!” he exclaimed. Wheezing, I stopped to crane my neck. Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off. The wind whistled, rustling the yellow canopy overhead. Continuing on, I made a point to stop and look around every few minutes. Three hours later, we reached our campsite, a vast grassy area. Frank guided me through putting up my tent, a small victory after a challenging morning. We then sought our only water source, Sunfish Pond. Much to my annoyance, I repeatedly lost my footing and returned to camp after countless falls. At camp, I built a fire using only flint (火石) sticks. My cheap sleeping pad kept losing air, and my sleeping bag did little to keep the cold air out. Around 2 a.m. I teared up in frustration and lay sleepless. However, emerging from my tent into the misty morning, I felt my mood lifted. Autumn seemed to have kicked in overnight and the leaves glowed. I ate a breakfast of instant noodles and then joined the others, sharing intimate thoughts I usually kept hidden. Back at the trailhead where we started, my friend asked what we were grateful for. I piped up about the vulnerable and funny conversations I’d enjoyed with fellow hikers — and the space to reflect. The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible. Did the experiment work? Memories of that sleepless, freezing night might give me pause before I crawl into a tent again. But that doesn’t mean I’m away from the woods completely. I returned to New York smelly and sore, but when I stepped off the bus into the city’s hustle and bustle, I also felt an unexpected calm. 24. Why did the author decide to go on a hiking trip? A. To improve his physical health. B. To escape from the fast-paced city life. C. To explore his potential for the outdoors. D. To revisit a childhood passion for hiking. 25. Which best describes the author’s emotional journey? ① amazed ② doubtful ③ annoyed ④ peaceful ⑤ uplifted A. ③②⑤①④ B. ②①③⑤④ C. ②③①④⑤ D. ③④②①⑤ 26. What has the author learned from the experience? A. Success lies in self-acceptance. B. Wilderness heals a broken heart. C. Small setbacks lead to great achievements. D. Nature gives more than expected. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了探索自己的户外活动潜力，决定去徒步旅行，讲述了旅行的经过以及作者的内心变化。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This was an experiment. Growing up, my family’s annual “hikes” often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles. Decades later, I wondered, at the ripe age of 26, could I learn to love the outdoors? I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking.(这是一个实验。在成长过程中，我们家每年的“徒步旅行”经常让我在走了两英里后就筋疲力尽地哭泣。几十年后，我想知道，在26岁这个成熟的年龄，我能学会热爱户外吗？我决定从这次远足的最深处开始)”可知，作者为决定去徒步旅行是为了探索他在户外活动的潜力。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Decades later, I wondered, at the ripe age of 26, could I learn to love the outdoors?(几十年后，我想知道，在26岁这个成熟的年龄，我能学会热爱户外吗？)”可知，②“怀疑”排序第一，故排除A、D选项；根据最后一段“I returned to New York smelly and sore, but when I stepped off the bus into the city’s hustle and bustle, I also felt an unexpected calm.(我回到纽约，身上又臭又酸，但当我下了车，走进城市的喧嚣时，我也感到了一种意想不到的平静)”可知，④“平静”排序第五，故排除C选项。故作者的情感历程是怀疑、惊讶、恼火、振奋和平静。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I piped up about the vulnerable and funny conversations I’d enjoyed with fellow hikers — and the space to reflect. The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible.(我滔滔不绝地讲述了我和徒步旅行者同伴们愉快的脆弱而有趣的谈话——以及反思的空间。森林和它的临时居民让我相信，我的能力远远超出了我的想象)”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了大自然给予的比预期的要多。故选D。 C As global temperatures continue to rise due to human-induced climate change, precise computerized climate models will be crucial in shedding light on how our climate will evolve in the coming years. A study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres by Chloe Clark and her team from UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a commonly used climate model known as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by that surface back into space. It is a critical factor in determining Earth’s climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albedo, such as snow and ice, reflect a large portion of solar energy, whereas darker surfaces like forests or oceans absorb more solar energy. “We found that with old model versions, the ice is too reflective by about five percent,” said Chloe Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much too high.” The amount of sunlight the planet receives and reflects is important for estimating how much the planet will warm in the coming years. Previous versions of E3SM overestimated albedo because they failed to account for microphysical properties of ice in a warming world. These properties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have on albedo. Dark colored algae and dust can make snow and ice less reflective and less able to reflect sunlight. To do the analysis, Clarke and her team studied satellite data to track the albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet. They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations. Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly minuscule properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate. “I think our work is going to help models do a much better job of helping us capture snow and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said. Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.” 27. According to the passage, albedo ______. A. changes with the lightness of surfaces B. matches up with the shape of the ice or snow C. is a measure of the solar energy arriving at the surface D. varies with the direction of the incoming solar radiation 28. What can be learned from the passage? A. The new model is more reliable than satellite observations. B. The previous model versions overestimate Greenland melt. C. Model adaptation improves the accuracy of climate predictions. D. Scientists have used the model globally to reduce the discrepancy. 29. What does the underlined word “minuscule” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable. 30. The last paragraph is written to ______. A. note the limitations of the finding B. point out further research directions C. illustrate the benefits of a new approach D. sum up the changes made in E3SM 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于人类引起的气候变化导致全球气温持续上升，精确的计算机化气候模型对于揭示未来几年气候将如何演变至关重要。介绍了改编过的模型的特点。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space.(研究表明，该模型目前高估了地球气候系统的一个关键物理特性，即反照率。反照率是指冰将地球变暖的阳光反射到太空的程度)”可知，反照率随表面亮度的变化而变化。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations.(他们发现E3SM高估了冰盖的反射率，这意味着该模型估计的融化程度低于从冰的微物理特性中得出的预期。但是，将新的冰反射率纳入模型后，他们发现格陵兰冰盖的融化速度比旧模型版本快了约60亿吨。这是基于与卫星观测更一致的反照率测量)”可知，模式改编版提高了气候预测的准确性。故选C。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly(克拉克希望她的团队的研究强调看似……特性的重要性)”以及后文“properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate(这些特性可能对整体气候产生深远的影响)”可知，某些特性看似微不足道，但可能对整体气候产生深远的影响，所以克拉克希望她的团队的研究强调了这些小特性的重要性。故划线词意思是“小的”。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.”(接下来，克拉克想要研究地球上不同的冰区，以计算反照率差异在E3SM中的分布范围。克拉克说：“我们的下一步是让这个模型在全球范围内发挥作用，而不仅仅是在格陵兰岛有效。”他还打算将新的格陵兰冰盖融化率与观测结果进行比较，以衡量新的冰反照率有多准确。“将其应用于安第斯山脉和阿拉斯加等地的冰川将是有用的。”)”可知，最后一段的目的是为了指出进一步的研究方向。故选B。 D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以CrowdStrike系统崩溃事件为例，探讨现代社会系统重优化轻弹性的问题及应对之策。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.(周五，全球关键系统崩溃，起因是一家公司的一个失误。网络安全行业巨头 CrowdStrike 的停电影响了银行、航空公司和医疗保健系统。这可能最终成为历史上最严重的信息技术灾难。)”以及第二段“This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization, not decentralized resilience.(然而，这并非一场不可预见的怪异事故，也不会是此类事故中的最后一次。相反，这场灾难是现代社会系统的必然结果，这些系统是为超连接优化而设计的，而非分散式弹性设计。)”可知，作者提及CrowdStrike 事件主要是为了表明现代系统存在可预见的故障。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.(全球化带来了巨大的效率提升，产品可以由全球供应链中精心管理的环节组装而成。但这些系统缺乏弹性。每个环节都必须完美配合；哪怕只有一个环节出问题，整个系统就会崩溃。)”可知，全球化使得系统缺乏弹性，一个环节出错就可能导致整个系统崩溃，可推断出全球化的系统会将局部错误的影响扩大到全球范围。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion.(尽管现代对优化的追求常常将弹性置于次要地位，但我们并非必然要继续走这条危险的道路。而且，使我们的系统更具弹性也不需要回到一个脱节的、原始的世界。相反，我们复杂、相互关联的社会只要求我们牺牲一点效率，以便有更多的缓冲空间。)”可知，作者认为为了使系统更具弹性，即更具灵活性，应该牺牲一些效率。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以CrowdStrike系统崩溃这一事件展开，阐述现代社会系统因注重优化而缺乏弹性的问题，进而讨论应对措施，强调这一事件给我们带来的警示。而B选项A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike(一个警醒：来自CrowdStrike的教训) 准确概括文章主旨。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. ____35____. Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. ____36____ Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. ____37____ With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. ____38____ But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. ____39____ For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B. You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C. Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D. Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E. Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F. It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G. You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 【答案】35. A 36. E 37. D 38. F 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何减少焦虑感。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely.(想象一下，在截止日期前，你已经工作了好几个小时，但你感觉毫无进展。你开始感到非常焦虑。在这一点上，你可能会开始责怪自己有这种情绪。现在你有两种情绪：对完成工作感到焦虑，对自己的焦虑感到沮丧。当第二种情绪叠加在第一种情绪之上时，你通常会感觉更糟，甚至更不可能实现你的目标。你现在可能想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性)”可知，上文提到“想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这一疑问的答案。故A选项“值得庆幸的是，研究表明答案是肯定的”符合语境，故选A。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience.(很多人都听说过“正念”。它经常与冥想练习联系在一起，但它的本质是更加意识到并接受你现在的经历)”可知，上文提到接受你现在的经历，本句承接上文，对经历进行进一步解释说明。故E选项“有时这种经历包含了一种你不想感受到的不愉快情绪”符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience.(让我解释一下。想象你自己处于如上所述的具有挑战性的情境中，你会感到焦虑。不要因为自己有这种情绪而感到沮丧，而是把你的意识带到这种情绪的体验中并接受它。你可能会觉得这种焦虑并不有趣)”以及后文“With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions.(有了这种接受的态度，远离与情绪作斗争的倾向，你就不太可能陷入评判思想的循环中，这可能会引发更多不想要的情绪)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，上文提到了焦虑，后文提到接受的态度，推测本句说明如何应对焦虑情绪。故D选项“但是你知道你可以把它呼吸出去，它只是一种转瞬即逝的情绪”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据后文“But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure.(但证据表明，它是有效的。这可能是因为接受你自己，包括你的情绪，可以减轻压力。)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，后文提到了有效，本句是在说明接纳情绪的消极方面。故F选项“拥抱一种不愉快的情绪可能是一件好事，这听起来可能不合理”符合语境，故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions.(当你释放出对自己情绪的评判性想法时，你就停止了给情绪火上浇油)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明停止批判自己所带来的好处。故G选项“你也创造了更多的内心空间来决定你是否可以做一些有帮助的事情”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Cambridge Dictionary defines curiosity as “an eager wish to know or learn about something” which comes in various types. Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. As children, we bubble over with curiosity. However, as we grow up, it can fade. Worse, we can come to believe that it’s a bad thing. After all, didn’t it kill the cat? Neuroscience suggests one explanation for this decline. Brains in early childhood possess great plasticity and lay down lots of neural pathways based on the information we gather from all that curious exploring and experimenting. However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. Whatever underlies our shrinking curiosity, research repeatedly shows that we’d be better off continuing to cultivate it. Curiosity is linked to lower levels of anxiety, a greater satisfaction in life, achieving academically, building empathy and improved relationships. It also protects brain health through staying mentally active by trying something new. These positive effects of curiosity are deeply intertwined with our brain’s chemical responses. Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more. It’s easy to see how this brain chemistry has helped us. Curiosity has motivated our ancestors to question, experiment and learn, leading us out of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and, finally, to the Information Age. It has sparked our greatest achievements and discoveries and continues in our personal lives to bring greater contentment. So, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because for us humans, curiosity continues to be essential, both to our survival and our ability to flourish. 40. What are the three types of curiosity according to Ian Leslie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why do we rely on earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you develop your curiosity? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Adventurous curiosity, intellectual curiosity, and empathetic curiosity. 41. Because our brains lose some of the flexibility. /Because it’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. 42. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to stimulate our longing to continue the activity /our desire to find out more. 43. Possible Version 1: I cultivate my curiosity by actively engaging in various activities that can broaden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. For example, joining the robotics club introduces me to cutting-edge technologies, which may ignite my passion to explore more and prepare me for the future innovation. Possible Version 2: I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling to unfamiliar places or exploring new topics through reading. These activities allow me to see the world from fresh perspectives, guiding me to inquire further. Thus, I may become more motivated to explore and gain deeper insights. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了好奇心的种类和作用。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. (伊恩·莱斯利在他的《好奇》一书中概述了三种类型：“冒险型好奇心”，即探索新地方和新人群的欲望;“知识好奇心”，当你发现一个特定的话题时，你会深入研究;还有“同理心好奇心”，想要更多地了解我们周围的人)”可知，恩·莱斯利在他的《好奇》一书中概述了三种类型： “冒险型好奇心”;“知识好奇心”;“同理心好奇心”。故回答为：Adventurous curiosity, intellectual curiosity, and empathetic curiosity. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life.(然而，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑失去了一些灵活性。我们依靠这些早期的途径来处理我们以前见过和做过的事情。这是一种节约大脑能量的方式，以节省精力，提高应对日常生活的能力)”可知，我们要依靠以前的途径来处理我们以前见过和做过的事情是因为我们的大脑失去了一些灵活性。或者是因为这是节约大脑能量的一种方式，既节约又能应付日常生活。故回答为：Because our brains lose some of the flexibility. /Because it’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more.(研究表明，当新鲜事物发生时，大脑的多巴胺系统会被激活。多巴胺不是产生愉悦感，而是激发我们继续活动的渴望，在这种情况下是想要发现更多的欲望)”可知，当一些新奇的事情发生时，大脑的多巴胺系统被激活，刺激我们继续活动的渴望/我们想要发现更多的欲望。故回答为：When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to stimulate our longing to continue the activity /our desire to find out more. 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。你是如何培养自己的好奇心的? 通读全文可知，可能的版本1： 我通过积极参加各种活动来培养我的好奇心，这些活动可以拓宽我的视野，丰富我的经验。例如，加入机器人俱乐部可以让我接触到最前沿的技术，这可能会点燃我探索更多的热情，为我未来的创新做好准备。 可能的版本2： 我总是寻求新的体验，无论是去陌生的地方旅行，还是通过阅读探索新的话题。这些活动让我从新的角度看世界，引导我进一步探索。因此，我可能会更有动力去探索，获得更深入的见解。故回答为： Possible Version 1: I cultivate my curiosity by actively engaging in various activities that can broaden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. For example, joining the robotics club introduces me to cutting-edge technologies, which may ignite my passion to explore more and prepare me for the future innovation. Possible Version 2: I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling to unfamiliar places or exploring new topics through reading. These activities allow me to see the world from fresh perspectives, guiding me to inquire further. Thus, I may become more motivated to explore and gain deeper insights. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上周举办了主题为“让传统文化潮起来”的创意文化节。你的英国好友Jim看到了你分享的活动照片，对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的感想。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad that you’re interested in the photos from our recent creative cultural festival! Here’s more about it. With the theme “Make Traditional Culture Trendy”, the event has injected vigor into traditional Chinese culture with modern elements. In the art center, popular music was played on traditional musical instruments by talented students, creating a unique feast for the ears. At the DIY station, students designed reusable bags and T-shirts featuring elements of Chinese painting and calligraphy. What impressed me the most was the VR section, where students could immerse themselves in traditional customs like the firework show. This event was both fun and educational. It has deepened my appreciation for our rich cultural heritage and demonstrated how innovation could breathe new life into tradition. I hope you find the festival inspiring, too. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英文给英国好友Jim写信介绍学校上周举办了主题为“让传统文化潮起来”的创意文化节。内容包括：活动内容和你的感想。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 有天赋的： talented→gifted 有趣的：fun→interesting 希望：hope→wish 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： At the DIY station, students designed reusable bags and T-shirts featuring elements of Chinese painting and calligraphy. 拓展句：At the DIY station, students designed reusable bags and T-shirts which featured elements of Chinese painting and calligraphy. 【点睛】【高分句型1】  In the art center, popular music was played on traditional musical instruments by talented students, creating a unique feast for the ears.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】What impressed me the most was the VR section, where students could immerse themselves in traditional customs like the firework show.（运用了what引导的主语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $