训练10 UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking(word练习)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第32页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It wasn't difficult then to cross the frontier(边境). 2．Before flying into space, astronauts(宇航员)must learn to deal with the hard conditions they will meet with. 3．I have even been put into space rockets(火箭)and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. 4．Some people believe the universe(宇宙)was created by a big explosion. 5．The satellite(人造卫星)will study energy radiation from stars. 6．The company launched(发起)a huge advertising campaign. 7．The road is narrow, so vehicles(车辆)should not pull on. 8．Once students decide which college to go to, they should research the admission procedures(手续). 9．It is said that China will send up a spaceship which orbits(沿轨道运行)the moon. 10．In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity(重力). Ⅱ.短语填空 make a list of；be curious about；find out；succeed in doing sth.；focus on；carry on；on board；in space；in the hope of doing sth.；so as to 1．People have always been curious about exactly how life on earth began. 2．After his death, his children will certainly carry on his career. 3．I am writing to you in the hope of being admitted to your drama club. 4．Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to go to find out what on earth has happened. 5．Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 6．He had to work part­time so as to pay for his education. 7．The hurricane was so strong that all the passengers on board fell into the river and were killed. 8．I haven't had time yet to make a list of everyone's questions. 9．I don't doubt that he will succeed in passing the exam. 10．How Wang Yaping ate her food in space is what we want to know. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．In spite of his disappointment(disappoint), he managed a weak smile. 2．As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn't get used to dealing with everything in school independently(independent). 3．I desired to become(become)a doctor in the future. 4．He is determined(determine)to go to the USA in search of a better life. 5．The policeman signaled the driver to cross(cross)the road. 6．I'd be grateful if you could let me carry on doing(do)my job. 7．There were 12 children on board and they were secure enough. 8．The ceremony was transmitted(transmit)live by satellite to over fifty countries. 9．As he grew older, he became more intelligent(intelligence). 10．The secretary admitted that the mayor was mentally and physically unhealthy. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．他受到了警告， 那是因为他又一次开会迟到了。 He was given a warning.That is because he was late for the meeting again. 2．令我们惊讶的是， 他的祖父在90多岁时学会了如何操作电脑。 To our surprise, his grandfather in his nineties learned how to operate the computer． 3．为了掌握英语， 你必须付出很多努力。 To master English, you must make much effort on it. 4．第一个到达终点的人将获得金牌。 The first one to reach the finishing line will win the gold medal. 5．参加各种各样的活动使这位申请人拥有了更多的能力。 Engaging in various activities enabled the applicant to have more competence. [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (嘉兴高一期末)Mars is a neighboring planet in our solar system.Scientists study Mars because it could hold clues that could help us learn more about life on Earth.For decades, scientists have used robot technology to better understand Mars.In December 2020, scientists introduced a group of robots named Mars Dogs at a yearly meeting. The Mars Dog is a four­legged robot created by the company Boston Dynamics.It, along with other similar robots, can move around in ways the wheeled rovers(探测器)that explored the planet never could.Traditional Mars rovers are limited mostly to flat surfaces.However, many scientifically interesting Martian regions are only reachable by crossing very rough(崎岖的)ground or going below ground.Walking Mars Dogs are well­suited for such challenges—even if they fall down, they can get back up again.These robots can also explore underground by walking around rocks and lowering themselves into caves.They are even capable of selecting which path to take.While they do this, they collect measurements to build a map of what they see. A Mars Dog would also be about 12 times lighter than current rovers.It would be able to travel much faster, reaching normal walking speeds of 5 kilometers per hour during tests.Compare that to the Curiosity rover that is currently exploring Mars.Curiosity rolls along the Martian surface at about 0.14 kilometers per hour. Before going to Mars, the team members are testing the robot.They even take the robot to outdoor locations similar to Martian landscapes.Those tests show that the robots, without any help, can walk around rocks and map deep caves.“These behaviors could one day enable significant scientific missions to take place on the Martian surface and subsurface, ” the scientists said at the yearly meeting. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了一种新型机器人“火星犬”， 在未来投入使用后将更好地完成火星探索使命。 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways robot dogs walk on the Martian surface. B．Robot dogs newly created for Mars exploration. C．Differences between the Mars Dog and Curiosity. D．Studies of Mars with the help of robot technology. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“In December 2020, scientists introduced a group of robots named Mars Dogs at a yearly meeting.(2020 年12 月， 科学家们在年会上介绍了一组名为 Mars Dogs 的机器人。)”可知这篇文章主要介绍了新创造的机器狗未来可用于火星探索。故选B。 答案　B 2．What advantage do Mars Dogs have according to paragraph 2? A．They are much lighter. B．They travel much faster. C．They are better at seeking shelter. D．They move around more flexibly. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“However, many scientifically interesting Martian regions are only reachable by crossing very rough(崎岖的)ground or going below ground.Walking Mars Dogs are well­suited for such challenges—even if they fall down, they can get back up again.(然而， 许多具有科学意义的火星区域只能通过非常崎岖的地面或进入地下才能到达。 火星犬很适合应对这样的挑战——即使它们跌倒了， 它们也能重新站起来。)”可推知“火星犬”的优点是可以灵活地移动。故选D。 答案　D 3．What is scientists' attitude to the future of Mars Dogs? A．Satisfied.　　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Alarmed. 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“These behaviors could one day enable significant scientific missions to take place on the Martian surface and subsurface(机器狗的这些表现有朝一日可以让重要的科学任务在火星表面和地下进行)”可知科学家对未来“火星犬”的态度是充满希望的。C项“有希望的”符合科学家对“火星犬”的态度。故选C。 答案　C B (抚顺高一检测)Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe.The belief fits with Loeb's alien(外星的)spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit(轨道)of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year. Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellar(星际的)object in late 2017.It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star.Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far­away, part of the Milky way galaxy.“One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris(碎片)from an advanced technological equipment, ” Loeb said.“Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.” “‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship, ” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote.He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity.Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock.They think it could be an icy wandering comet. Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior, means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo.He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail.Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in. Loeb believes himself a truth­teller and risk­taker in an age of very safe, too­quiet scientists.“The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science, ” Loeb says.He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解， 讨论它是否是外星飞船临近地球。 4．What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”？ A．It is an icy comet. B．It looks like a long photo. C．It is actually some sort of rock. D．It may come from another alien civilization. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中Loeb所说“One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris(碎片)from an advanced technological equipment(一种可能是‘Oumuamua’是来自先进技术设备的碎片)”以及“Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.(来自另一个太阳系的技术刚刚出现在我们的门口。)”可知， Loeb认为“Oumuamua” 可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D。 答案　D 5．What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Searches for. B．Depends on. C．Turns to. D．Goes against. 解析　词义猜测题。根据上一段中Paul Sutter所说“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship(‘Oumuamua’不是外星飞船)”可知， 有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；根据划线词句后半句“he will immediately give in(他会立即让步)”可知， Loeb并不是绝对要坚持自己的观点， 在某种条件下， 他会让步的；而画线部分“Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs…(Loeb说， 如果有人向他出示证据contradicts他的信念……)”说明如果其他科学家提供的证据和他的信念不一致， 他会让步的， 从而推断出划线单词contradicts为“不一致；相违背”的意思， 选项D“违背”与之意义最为接近。故选D。 答案　D 6．What do you think of Loeb? A．He is foolish. B．He is unsatisfied with his titles. C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth. D．He is uncertain about his career future. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Loeb believes himself a truth­teller and risk­taker in an age of very safe, too­quiet scientists.(Loeb认为， 在一个科学家非常安全、过于安静的时代， 他是一个讲真话的人， 也是一个敢于冒险的人。)”可知， Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C。 答案　C 7．What's the best title for the text? A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships? B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory? C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文， 根据第一段“The belief fits with Loeb's alien(外星的)spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit(轨道)of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.(这一观点与Loeb的外星飞船理论相吻合， 该理论认为至少有一艘外星飞船可能正在飞越木星的轨道， 该理论去年引起了国际关注。)”等内容可知， 本文主要讲述科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解， 辩论是否是外星飞船临近地球。选项A“外星人乘坐宇宙飞船来过吗？”突出科学家们的辩论主题， 引人注意， 适合做标题。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (烟台高一分班考试)Do you want to celebrate your birthday in space? It would be very different from what you might do on earth. For example, your birthday cake would be flying. The candles could not be lit because astronauts can not start a fire in the spaceship. 1 Voices are almost the only things that are not changed by being weightless, which means that everything has almost no weight in space. Some astronauts feel sick for the first few days in space. Some feel as if they have a cold all the time. That's because without gravity(引力), the fluids(液体)in their bodies move towards their heads. Their faces look a little fatter. 2 And because gravity is not pressing on the spine(脊椎). The spine relaxes and stretches(舒展). 3 But when they come back on earth, they turn to their regular height. Since nothing has weight, astronauts can lift(举起)heavy objects easily. 4 However, it is harder to stay still in space than to move around, so the astronauts always hold onto something or tie themselves to something. 5 A．For the same reason, their waists(腰围)get smaller. B．They can even lift each other. C．There are pieces of Velcro to stick things in order to keep them from floating(漂浮)around. D．Your friends could still sing Happy Birthday to You. E．Astronauts grow one or two inches(英寸)in space. F．In space, bone and muscles get weaker. G．Astronauts celebrate their birthday easier. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空生活和航天员状态。 1．解析　根据空后“Voices are almost the only things that are not changed by being weightless, which means that everything has almost no weight in space.(嗓音几乎是唯一不会因失重而改变的东西， 这意味着在太空中几乎任何东西都没有重量。)”可知， 嗓音是太空中唯一不会因失重而改变的。选项D“Your friends could still sing Happy Birthday to You.(你的朋友仍然可以唱《祝你生日快乐》。)”与下文内容一致， 指的是在太空中可以唱生日歌。故选D。 答案　D 2．解析　根据空前“That's because without gravity(引力), the fluids(液体)in their bodies move towards their heads. Their faces look a little fatter.(这是因为在没有重力的情况下， 他们体内的液体会流向头部。他们的脸看起来有点胖。)”可知， 由于没有重力， 液体会流向头部。选项A“For the same reason, their waists(腰围)get smaller.(出于同样的原因， 他们的腰围也变小了。)”符合上文内容， 因为液体流向头部， 脸看起来胖， 相对应地， 腰围变小了。故选A。 答案　A 3．解析　根据空前“And because gravity is not pressing on the spine(脊椎). The spine relaxes and stretches(舒展).(因为重力没有压在脊椎上。脊柱放松和伸展。)”可知， 在太空中， 重力没有压在脊椎上， 脊柱会放松和伸展。而空后“But when they come back on earth, they turn to their regular height.(但是当他们回到地球上时， 他们会恢复到正常的高度。)”可知， 空处指的是航天员在太空中会高些。选项E“Astronauts grow one or two inches(英寸)in space.(航天员在太空中长高一到两英寸。)”符合上下文内容。故选E。 答案　E 4．解析　根据空前“Since nothing has weight, astronauts can lift(举起)heavy objects easily.(因为任何东西都没有重量， 航天员可以很容易地举起重物。)”可知， 由于太空中没有重力， 所以航天员可以轻易举起重物。选项B“They can even lift each other.(他们甚至可以举起对方。)”与上文内容一致， 指的是由于没有重力， 航天员甚至可以举起对方。故选B。 答案　B 5．解析　根据空前“However, it is harder to stay still in space than to move around, so the astronauts always hold onto something or tie themselves to something.(然而， 在太空中保持静止比四处走动更难， 所以航天员总是抓住什么东西或把自己绑在什么东西上。)”可知， 在太空中， 东西很难保持静止。选项C“There are pieces of Velcro to stick things in order to keep them from floating(漂浮)around.(有几块魔术贴可以粘住东西， 防止它们四处飘浮。)”是上文内容的延续， 由于东西四处飘浮， 所以航天员用魔术贴粘住东西。故选C。 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$