UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 单元检测卷(word练习)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第75页] (本卷满分120分　考试用时90分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (潍坊高一期末)The thrill of space exploration is an exciting context for teaching the primary curriculum.On this course, you'll learn how to use examples from space exploration to teach science and technology in school, and discover hands­on activities for your pupils aged 5­11 to enjoy. Who developed the course? The National STEM Learning Centre provides world­class professional development activities and resources to support the teaching of STEM(science, technology, engineering and mathematics)subjects. Schedule Week 1　Exploring the Moon Show weekly breakdown Week 2　Our solar system Show weekly breakdown Week 3　Exploring outside our solar system Show weekly breakdown When would you like to start? Start straight away and learn at your own pace.If the course hasn't started yet, you'll see the future date listed below. ·Available now　Join­$64 ·2 Aug 2021　Join­$64 What will you achieve? By the end of the course, you'll be able to… ·Investigate opportunities to link space exploration with your lessons. ·Develop lesson plans that involve working scientifically, using space as a context. ·Explain using models and scientific concepts involved in space exploration. Who will you learn with? Tom Lyons ESERO­UK Teacher Fellow, working for STEM Learning, York.Using the context of space to inspire STEM teaching and learning.Teacher of physics, satellite engineer, father of two. Rachel Jackson I spent 10 years working as a primary classroom teacher as a science subject leader.I've also supported schools as a leading science teacher before joining STEM learning as a primary specialist. [语篇导读]　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个太空探索教学课程， 旨在使用太空探索的例子来教授科学和技术， 并发现让5到11岁的学生喜欢的动手活动。介绍了课程时间安排和教职员工的情况。 1．Who are the target readers of the text? A．Would­be space scientists. B．Students in primary schools. C．Primary science teachers. D．Parents with kids in schools. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“On this course, you'll learn how to use examples from space exploration to teach science and technology in school, and discover hands­on activities for your pupils aged 5­11 to enjoy.(在本课程中， 您将学习如何在学校中使用太空探索的例子来教授科学和技术， 并发现让5到11岁的学生喜欢的动手活动。)”可推知， 文章的目标读者是小学科学教师。故选C。 答案　C 2．How long will the course take? A．One week.　　　　 B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Half a year. 解析　细节理解题。根据Schedule部分“Week 1　Exploring the Moon；Week 2　Our solar system；Week 3　Exploring outside our solar system(第一周：探索月球；第二周：我们的太阳系；第三周：探索太阳系外的世界)”列举了三周学习的内容可知， 这门课要三周时间。故选B。 答案　B 3．What can we know about the teaching staff? A．They are satellite engineers. B．They are primary school teachers. C．They are leaders of the learning centre. D．They are experienced in STEM teaching. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ESERO­UK Teacher Fellow, working for STEM Learning, York.Using the context of space to inspire STEM teaching and learning.(ESERO­UK教师研究员， 为约克的STEM学习工作。 利用空间环境启发STEM教学和学习)”以及最后一段中“I've also supported schools as a leading science teacher before joining STEM learning as a primary specialist.(在作为一名初级专家加入STEM学习之前， 我还作为一名领先的科学教师支持学校。)”可知， 教职员工在STEM教学方面有经验。故选D。 答案　D B (邢台高一期末)Exciting new research suggests there could be living things in the clouds above Venus, whose orbit brings it closer to the Earth than any other planets.A study of Venus's atmosphere shows a type of gas is in its atmosphere.The gas, on the Earth, is only produced by very small creatures.If such creatures are found on Venus, it might be the first evidence of life existing anywhere else in the universe. Scientists found the gas in thick clouds about 35 miles above Venus's equator.On the Earth, the gas is produced by special forms of life that live in airless environments such as swamps and inside animals' guts.It can also be made in factories but neither explanation helps scientists to understand what the gas is doing on Venus. To get to the bottom of the mystery, the scientists have now made their data public in the hope that others may be able to find a clue that they have missed.Professor Greaves explained that the gas might be produced by some non­living natural process that we haven't yet discovered, but for now, the idea of life on Venus has to be considered.She added, “In my whole career, I have been interested in the search for life elsewhere in the universe, so I'm just blown away that this is even possible.We are sincerely encouraging other people to tell us what we might have missed.This is how science works.” If scientists on the Earth are unable to find an explanation, then a future mission to Venus might be needed to prove whether or not life exists there.The US space agency NASA is already planning a exploration that would float on a balloon through the clouds of Venus, and this could launch sometime in the 2030s. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对金星大气的研究结果表明， 宇宙中其他地方可能存在着生命。介绍了研究人员对此的研究以及人们对此的看法。 4．What can we know about Venus according to paragraph 1? A．The thickness of its clouds. B．The distance of it to the Earth. C．The result of a study of its atmosphere. D．The exact temperature of its atmosphere. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Exciting new research suggests there could be living things in the clouds above Venus, whose orbit brings it closer to the Earth than any other planets.A study of Venus's atmosphere shows a type of gas is in its atmosphere.The gas, on the Earth, is only produced by very small creatures.If such creatures are found on Venus, it might be the first evidence of life existing anywhere else in the universe.(令人兴奋的新研究表明， 在金星上空的云层中可能存在生物， 金星的轨道比其他任何行星都更接近地球。对金星大气层的研究表明， 金星大气层中有一种气体。在地球上， 这种气体只有非常小的生物才能产生。如果在金星上发现了这样的生物， 这可能是宇宙中其他地方存在生命的第一个证据。)”可知， 从第一段我们能了解到研究金星大气的结果。故选C。 答案　C 5．Why have the scientists made their data public? A．To announce their successful experience. B．To change the wrong conclusion before. C．To prove they have found life on Venus. D．To hope others can help find the truth. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“To get to the bottom of the mystery, the scientists have now made their data public in the hope that others may be able to find a clue that they have missed.(为了弄清这一谜团的真相， 科学家们现在公开了他们的数据， 希望其他人能够找到他们遗漏的线索。)”可知， 科学家们要公开他们的数据是因为希望别人能帮助他们发现真相。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Impressed. B．Swept out. C．Thrown away. D．Shot. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In my whole career, I have been interested in the search for life elsewhere in the universe, so I'm just”以及后文“that this is even possible”可知， Greaves教授一直对寻找宇宙中其他地方的生命感兴趣， 所以她对宇宙中其他地方可能存在生命这件事感到惊讶和印象深刻。故画线词意思是“使印象深刻”。故选A。 答案　A 7．What's the best title for the text? A．Can a Kind of New Gas Be Found on Venus? B．Is There a Possibility of Life on Venus? C．Is What the Scientists Said Right? D．Can Humans Live on Venus? 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Exciting new research suggests there could be living things in the clouds above Venus, whose orbit brings it closer to the Earth than any other planets.A study of Venus's atmosphere shows a type of gas is in its atmosphere.The gas, on the Earth, is only produced by very small creatures.If such creatures are found on Venus, it might be the first evidence of life existing anywhere else in the universe.(令人兴奋的新研究表明， 在金星上空的云层中可能存在生物， 金星的轨道比其他任何行星都更接近地球。对金星大气层的研究表明， 金星大气层中有一种气体。在地球上， 这种气体只有非常小的生物才能产生。如果在金星上发现了这样的生物， 这可能是宇宙中其他地方存在生命的第一个证据。)”结合文章主要说明了对金星大气的研究结果表明， 宇宙中其他地方可能存在着生命。介绍了研究人员对此的研究以及人们对此的看法。可知， B选项“金星上有生命存在的可能性吗？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 答案　B C (北京卷)The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis(模拟假说)” returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things­in­themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive(认知的)functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical(实证的)experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation？” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation？” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors(隐喻)that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle(粒子)physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor­based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 8．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段“Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis(模拟假说)’ returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索‘模拟假说’这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出疑问，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C。 答案　C 9．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 解析　词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical(实证的)experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语。)”可知，句中that引导定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测画线短语表示“取决于”。故选B。 答案　B 10．As for Kant's argument, the author is . A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“The 18th­century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things­in­themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.(18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用。)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A。 答案　A 11．It is implied in this passage that we should . A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.(争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力。)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the ‘computer simulation’ metaphor­based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于‘计算机模拟’隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C。 答案　C D (南平高一期末)Different people enjoy different amounts(数量)of human contact. While some adore making lots of friends, others prefer plenty of time on their own. However, is there such a thing as too much time alone? And how does isolation(孤独)affect humans? In April, a Spanish athlete named Beatriz Flamini came out of a cave where she had spent 500 days as part of a study on social isolation. During her time 70 metres underground, Flamini had no human contact at all. However, she did record videos of herself and was monitored continually by scientists. Doctors measuring the effects of isolation are building up a picture of how it can change the way people experience the passing of time, and how it affects the body's natural clock. Flamini first entered the cave on 20 November, 2021, but she lost track of time 65 days later. During her time underground, she sometimes experienced auditory hallucinations, which means that she was hearing noises that weren't there. The isolation affected her balance when she came out of the cave, and she also had to get used to being in sunlight. Isolation studies are important for planning for long­lasting space tasks. Although astronauts often work with other members, the teams are small and their living quarters are small, too. For example, the astronaut Kjell Lindgren spent 141 days on board the International Space Station with never more than five teammates for company. This summer, four volunteers will start a year of living inside a big box, as part of NASA's Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog. The aim of this experiment is to find out how astronauts will manage extreme isolation and stay healthy while living on Mars. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项极端隔离实验， 目的是找出宇航员在太空生活时如何应对极端隔离并保持健康的方法。 12．What does the underlined word “adore” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Avoid. B．Allow. C．Love. D．Stop. 解析　词句猜测题。前文“Different people enjoy different amounts(数量)of human contact.(不同的人喜欢不同数量的人际接触。)”说明不同的人喜欢不同数量的人际交往， 从而推知“While some adore making lots of friends, others prefer plenty of time on their own.(有些人adore交很多朋友， 而另一些人则喜欢有足够的独处时间。)”画线词汇意思是“喜欢”。故选C。 答案　C 13．What did Beatriz Flamini do underground? A．She watched videos every day. B．She stayed alone for over a year. C．She explored the cave's secrets. D．She talked with scientists sometimes. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“In April, a Spanish athlete named Beatriz Flamini came out of a cave where she had spent 500 days as part of a study on social isolation. During her time 70 metres underground, Flamini had no human contact at all.(今年4月， 西班牙运动员Beatriz Flamini走出了一个洞穴， 她在那里度过了500天， 这是一项关于社会隔离的研究的一部分。在地下70米的时间里， Flamini完全没有与人接触。)”可知， Beatriz Flamini在地下一个人待了一年多。故选B。 答案　B 14．What did Beatriz Flamini suffer in the study? A．Disorder of body clock. B．Poor eyesight. C．Complete loss of balance. D．Sudden deafness. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Flamini first entered the cave on 20 November 2021, but she lost track of time 65 days later.(Flamini于2021年11月20日首次进入洞穴， 但65天后她就失去了时间概念。)”可知， Beatriz Flamini在研究中遭受了生物钟紊乱。故选A。 答案　A 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Extreme Isolation B．Power of Human Contact C．Underground Experiences D．Astronauts' Health Experiments 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文， 根据第一段“And how does isolation(孤独)affect humans？(隔离是如何影响人类的？)”和最后一段“The aim of this experiment is to find out how astronauts will manage extreme isolation and stay healthy while living on Mars.(这项实验的目的是找出宇航员在火星上生活时如何应对极端隔离并保持健康的方法。)”可知， 本文主要介绍了一项极端隔离实验， 目的是找出宇航员在太空生活时如何应对极端隔离并保持健康的方法。A“极端隔离”符合主题， 适合做标题。故选A。 答案　A 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (启东高一质检)Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality? 16 Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions between now and 2025. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon. 17 Eventually, they maybe build settlements there! Yet no human has traveled beyond Earth's orbit since 1972. Money is part of the problem. To put a pound of anything in space costs about $10，000. Consider that the old NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million pounds(998，000 kg)of fuel alone. Once in space, we face the problem of enormous space. Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles(58，000 km)per hour. 18 Therefore, human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds. 19 Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station(ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high. Accessing fresh food is another issue. Today, astronauts eat lots of freeze­dried meals. 20 We need those to be healthy. Of course, space doesn't have grocery stores. Deep­space travelers may need to grow food on board. Unfortunately, good nutrition cannot fully protect an astronaut. All that time spent floating affects bones, muscles, and the blood. The body suffers damage from radiation streaming from stars and supernovas. A．Others intend to land humans on Mars. B．Freezing food reduces its vitamins and minerals. C．Even if a trip fit within a lifetime, it wouldn't be easy. D．In some ways, we are on the edge of this imagined future. E．Frozen food cannot provide them with enough good nutrition. F．With that amazing speed, spacecrafts would carry astronauts to other worlds. G．Even at that speed, it would take 78，000 years to reach the nearest star system. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空旅行正在成为现实， 大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷。但是其中仍然存在挑战和问题。 16．解析　根据上文“Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality？(酒店围绕着土星的淡橙色卫星土卫六运行。游轮像鱼儿一样在码头上游荡。你有没有想过把科幻电影里的未来太空旅行变成现实？)”以及第二段“Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker.(大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷。)”可知， 太空旅行正在成为现实。D选项“在某些方面， 我们正处于这种想象未来的边缘。”符合语境。故选D。 答案　D 17．解析　根据上文“Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions between now and 2025. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon.(大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷。几个国家正在计划从现在到2025年的太空任务。一些国家的目标是在月球轨道上建立空间站。)”可知， 上文提到了一些国家的目标， 本句说明其他一些国家的打算。A选项中Others与上文Some相对应。A选项“另一些打算把人类送上火星。”符合语境。故选A。 答案　A 18．解析　根据上文“Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles(58，000 km)per hour.[目前的技术和燃料可以推动航天器以每小时36000英里(58000公里)的速度飞行。]”以及后文“Therefore, human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds.(因此， 人类宇航员需要某种新的引擎技术。没有它， 他们不可能活得足够长， 完成前往其他世界的旅程。)”可知， 本句主要承接上文说明如今航天器的飞行速度存在不足。G选项“即使以这样的速度， 也需要78000年才能到达最近的星系。”符合语境。故选G。 答案　G 19．解析　根据后文“Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station(ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.(一些人类宇航员在国际空间站生活和工作。他们住在远离地球的小空间里。他们在精神上和情感上都很痛苦。情绪恶化。抑郁开始了。清晰的思维变得模糊。恐惧情绪高涨。)”可知， 本段主要说明了太空旅行的不易之处。C选项“即使一生只有一次旅行， 也不容易。”符合语境。故选C。 答案　C 20．解析　根据后文“We need those to be healthy.(我们需要这些来保持健康。)”可知， 本句主要说明保持健康所需的物质是什么， B选项中vitamins and minerals对应后文those。B选项“冷冻食物会减少食物中的维生素和矿物质。”符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 第二部分　语言运用(共两节， 满分30分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (上海高一期末) Telescope Searching for Space Treasure Unearths Giant Planet A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images described as a “ 21 moment for astronomy”． In observations led by a British astronomer, the pioneering telescope focused on a “gas giant” planet called HIP65426b. It captured images in infrared light(红外光), which allows astronomers to more 22 calculate the mass and temperature of “exoplanets”—the 23 for planets in orbit around other stars. It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface, 24 alien weather patterns on worlds hundreds of light years from our solar system. The images show the planet as “blobs(斑点)of light” in blue, purple, yellow and red hues under various infrared wavelengths. The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth's distance from the sun, making it 25 for astronomers to separate the planet from its star when attempting to capture images of it. The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old, a fraction of the 26 of the Earth, which is 4.5 billion years old. Like Jupiter and Saturn, it has “no rocky surface and could not be 27 ”， NASA said. The 28 of an exoplanet is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 29 at regular intervals, suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse(日偏食). It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 30 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit. James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to 31 light from HiP65426b's host star, which lies in the Centaurus constellation(半人马座), “Obtaining this image felt like 32 space treasure，” said Aarynn Carter, a researcher at the University of California. “At first, all I could see was light from the star, but with careful image processing, I was able to remove that light and uncover the planet.” Analysis suggests that the planet has a red hue and a temperature of 1, 300℃. The images could give a clue as to how Jupiter and Saturn looked in their 33 more than four billion years ago. NASA said, “Webb's view, at longer infrared wavelengths, shows new details that ground­based telescopes would not be able to detect 34 the intrinsic(本身的)infrared glow of Earth's atmosphere.”The telescope has already been used to analyze the 35 make­up of the atmosphere on another exoplanet, WASP­39b, detecting carbon dioxide by analyzing the spectrum of light(光谱)passing through its clouds. [语篇导读]　本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦伯望远镜首次拍到系外行星HIP 65426b图像的事情。 21．A．difficult B．awful C．dramatic D．transformative 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星， 它围绕着距离太阳385光年的恒星运行， 被称为“天文学的变革时刻”。A．difficult(困难的)；B．awful(糟糕的)；C．dramatic(戏剧性的)；D．transformative(变革性的)。这颗行星的发现有变革性的意义。故选D。 答案　D 22．A．carefully B．precisely C．positively D．quickly 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像， 这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度， 系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A．carefully(细心地)；B．precisely(精确地)；C．positively(积极地)；D．quickly(快速地)。根据“It captured images in infrared light”可知， 用红外光拍摄图像能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故选B。 答案　B 23．A．term B．reason C．explanation D．material 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像， 这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度， 系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A．term(术语， 措辞)；B．reason(原因)；C．explanation(解释)；D．material(材料)。根据破折号和“for planets in orbit around other stars”可知， 这是指exoplanets这一措辞。故选A。 答案　A 24．A．reporting B．forecasting C．changing D．revealing 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：它最终应该能让他们探测到云层在其表面移动， 揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。A．reporting(报道)；B．forecasting(预测)；C．changing(改变)；D．revealing(揭示)。根据“It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface”可知， 这是利用红外光最终会达到的目的， 所以应该是可以揭示出外星天气模式。故选D。 答案　D 25．A．clear B．impossible C．easier D．harder 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12倍， 和地球与太阳的距离相比， 它的轨道距离主星约100倍， 这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。A．clear(清楚的)；B．impossible(不可能的)；C．easier(更容易的)；D．harder(更难的)。根据“The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth's distance from the sun”可知， 这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D。 答案　D 26．A．time B．age C．history D．distance 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：这颗行星的年龄只有1500万至2000万年， 只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。A．time(时间)；B．age(年龄)；C．history(历史)；D．distance(距离)。根据“which is 4.5 billion years old”可知， 这里指地球的年龄。故选B。 答案　B 27．A．renewable B．habitable C．detectable D．feasible 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表示， 与木星和土星一样， 它“没有岩石表面， 也不可能是宜居的”。A．renewable(可再生的)；B．habitable(宜居的)；C．detectable(可探测的)；D．feasible(可行的)。根据“no rocky surface”可知， 它没有岩石表面， 所以不可能是宜居的。故选B。 答案　B 28．A．form B．component C．existence D．orbit 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才被探测到的， 这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次， 就像一次微小的日偏食。A．form(形成)；B．component(成分)；C．existence(存在)；D．orbit(轨道)。根据“is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 29 at regular intervals”可知， 这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选C。 答案　C 29．A．gentle B．natural C．warm D．bright 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才被探测到的， 这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次， 就像一次微小的日偏食。A．gentle(温柔的)；B．natural(自然的)；C．warm(温暖的)；D．bright(亮的)。根据“suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse”可知， 当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时， 系外行星才能被探测到。故选D。 答案　D 30．A．because B．although C．unless D．as if 解析　考查连词辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接图像是极其困难的， 因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要暗几千倍。A．because(因为)；B．although(尽管)；C．unless(除非)；D．as if(好像)。根据前后文可知， 两个分句之间是因果关系。故选A。 答案　A 31．A．look out B．find out C．block out D．make out 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的HiP65426b主星发出的光线， “获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特说。A．look out(留神)；B．find out(弄明白)；C．block out(阻挡)；D．make out(制作)。根据上文“It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 30 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.”可知， 因为这颗行星本身的光很弱， 所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它。故选C。 答案　C 32．A．digging for B．hiding from C．bringing out D．mixing into 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的HiP65426b主星发出的光线， “获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特说。A．digging for(挖掘)；B．hiding from(隐藏于)；C．bringing out(带出来)；D．mixing into(混合于)。根据上文可知， 因为这颗行星本身的光很弱， 所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它， 所以感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏， 这个过程是很困难的。故选A。 答案　A 33．A．infancy B．childhood C．youth D．peak 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40多亿年前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A．infancy(婴儿期)；B．childhood(儿时)；C．youth(青年时期)；D．peak(顶峰)。根据上文“The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old”可知， 这颗行星只有1500万至2000万年的历史， 所以相对于40多9亿年， 应该是婴儿时期。故选A。 答案　A 34．A．in case of B．in the way of C．regardless of D．owing to 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表示， “韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细节， 由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射， 地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节。”A．in case of(以防万一)；B．in the way of(以……的方式)；C．regardless of(不管)；D．owing to(因为)。根据“ground­based telescopes would not be able to detect”可知， 地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节， 应该是由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射。故选D。 答案　D 35．A．chemical B．physical C．psychological D．medical 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分析另一颗系外行星WASP­39b上大气的化学组成， 通过分析穿过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A．chemical(化学的)；B．physical(物理的)；C．psychological(心理的)；D．medical(医学的)。根据“detecting carbon dioxide”可知， 这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学物质。故选A。 答案　A 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (永州高一期末)On 20 December, a series of huge waves 36. (cause)by an earthquake resulted in many people's deaths.Goldshore beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster.Sabrina, 37. was a girl of ten years old, helped about 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunami. That day, many people were walking, running or 38. (simple)sitting on the beach, 39. (enjoy)the warm sea air and the soft wind.Sabrina was one of the happy 40. (tourist)until she noticed something odd.It immediately occurred 41. her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami because she had just learnt about it in a geography lesson. At first, Sabrina was 42. (frighten), but she soon kept her head.She asked her parents 43. (inform)a safety officer.The officer realized the coming danger, and rapidly cleared the beach of people, just before 44. tsunami arrived.Thus, all the people on the beach 45. (save). [语篇导读]　本文是记叙文。讲述一个10岁的女孩Sabrina Andron用她对海啸的知识帮助大约100人逃离危险的故事。 36．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：12月20日， 一系列被地震导致的巨大的海浪造成许多人死亡。分析句子可知， 句子谓语动词是resulted in, cause用非谓语动词作定语， 修饰waves, cause与逻辑主语waves之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词作后置定语， 故填caused。 答案　caused 37．解析　考查定语从句， 句意：Sabrina, 是一个10岁的女孩， 用她的海啸知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。分析句子可知， 空格处引导非限制性定语从句， 修饰Sabrina, 指人， 从句中作主语， 故填who。 答案　who 38．解析　考查副词。句意：那天， 人们正在散步、跑步或只是坐在沙滩上， 享受着温暖的海洋空气和柔和的风。修饰动词， 所以用副词作状语， 故填simply。 答案　simply 39．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：那天， 人们正在散步、跑步或只是坐在沙滩上， 享受着温暖的海洋空气和柔和的风。分析句子可知， 此处用非谓语动词作状语， enjoy与逻辑主语people是主动关系， 表示伴随用现在分词， 故填enjoying。 答案　enjoying 40．解析　考查名词。句意：Sabrina是快乐的游客之一， 直到她注意到一些奇怪的事情。one of＋名词复数， 是固定短语， 表示“……之一”， 故填tourists。 答案　tourists 41．解析　考查固定短语。句意：她立刻想到， 这些都是海啸即将来临的迹象， 因为她刚刚在地理课上得知了这一点。occur to sb.(某人突然想到……)是固定短语， 根据句意， 故填to。 答案　to 42．解析　考查形容词。句意：Sabrina很害怕， 但她很快就保持了冷静。指人“害怕的”， 用形容词frightened作表语， 根据句意， 故填frightened。 答案　frightened 43．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：她请她的父母告知一个安全管理员。ask sb.to do sth.(请某人做某事), 是固定结构， 用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to inform。 答案　to inform 44．解析　考查冠词。句意：这名管理人员意识到了即将到来的危险， 在这场海啸到来之前迅速疏散了海滩上的人。 根据语境可知， 此处特指第一段提到海啸， 用定冠词， 故填the。 答案　the 45．解析　考查动词时态语态。句意：因而沙滩上的人被救了。分析句子可知， save是句子的谓语动词， 与主语people是被动关系， 用被动语态， 讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时， 主语是复数， 故填were saved。 答案　were saved 第三部分　写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节　(满分15分) 微信学习群越来越受到人们的欢迎。对此， 不同的人持有不同的观点。请你根据以下提示， 用英语给某英语报刊写一篇短文， 并谈谈你的看法。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 1.获得新知识； 1.学习群管理不善； 1.…… 2.利用闲暇时间学习。 2.浪费时间。 2.…… 注意：1.短文要包括所有要点， 不要简单翻译， 可适当发挥； 2.写作词数应为80左右， 开头已给出， 不计入总词数。 Nowadays, WeChat study groups are more and more popular among people.However, different people hold different opinions on this matter. [参考范文] Nowadays, WeChat study groups are more and more popular among people.However, different people hold different opinions on this matter． Some people prefer to study in WeChat groups.Their reasons are as follows.Firstly, people can learn new things they can't get from books.Secondly, learners can make full use of their spare time to study wherever they are. However, others don't think so.They argue that the groups are poorly managed, which spreads much false information.Besides, studying by joining the WeChat groups is a waste of time. In my opinion, it is advisable to use WeChat groups to study, which can bring us great benefits.Not only can we be exposed to a lot of knowledge but we can exchange ideas with others instantly.Taking everything into consideration, I approve of studying in WeChat groups. 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (宁德高一期末)I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings(兄弟姐妹).We weren't poor by most standards, but things were difficult for us.My parents never shared their financial worries, choosing instead to let us have a carefree childhood.But I knew that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn't be easy for me to get. Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury(奢侈)for the wealthier kids, and hot­lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch.My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: homemade bread, three cookies, and a small apple.We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and cold milk, sweet peaches and delicious cake. I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs.Caruso, must have seen the eagerness in my eyes.One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, “Give this to your mother.” I arrived home and gave my mom the note.She read it and smiled.“Well, Mrs.Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow.” The next day, I proudly carried my tray of chicken across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot­lunch table.Honestly, the food wasn't as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group. One rainy day, Mrs.Caruso asked me to stay after school.My heart instantly sank.Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadn't finished my math homework? Did she see me making fun of Billy on the playground? 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： After the other students had left, Mrs.Caruso said she was going to drive me home. Paragraph 2： Thinking of the gifts given by her on that raining day, I don't know why Mrs.Caruso took so much care of me. [参考范文] Paragraph 1： After the other students had left, Mrs.Caruso said she was going to drive me home．It was raining, and she knew I had a long walk.Sitting quietly in her car, I felt that I got butterflies in my stomach.Soon, we pulled up to my house and she got out, laying a few bags on the porch.“Tell your mom I had a few extra things she might want, ” she said.Then she drove away.Inside the bags were clothes, toys, and books.The siblings, eyes dancing with joy and sweetness, gathered around the gifts. Paragraph 2： Thinking of the gifts given by her on that raining day, I don't know why Mrs.Caruso took so much care of me.Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else.Somehow, even with her quiet charity, she never made me feel ashamed.She just made me feel loved and important.I've never lost that feeling—of being important to someone and being protected by her.After all these years, I'm still grateful to that wonderful teacher.It is her little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love that always keep me moving on. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$