UNIT 4 Grammar——不定式作定语和状语(word教参)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

Grammar——不定式作定语和状语　[对应学生用书第80页] 用不定式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征 1．(教材P40)Today, scientists design vehicles to carry(carry)astronauts into space to make(make)important discoveries. 2．(教材P40)Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support(support)life. 3．(教材P40)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter(enter)space. 4．(教材P40)For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study(study)deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. 5．(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore(explore)the universe did not die. 6．(教材P41)Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study(study)its surface. 7．(教材P41)On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore(explore)the surface of Mars. 8．(教材P41)And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish(establish)its own space station. 要点一　动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语， 表示尚未发生的动作。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有许多作业要做。 2．名词前有first、last、next、only等词以及最高级修饰时， 其后要用动词不定式。 He would be the last to agree to the plan. 他绝不会同意这个计划。 3．抽象名词attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、plan、way或不定代词something、nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。 He made an attempt to overcome his weakness. 他努力克服自身的弱点。 4．不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有两种关系， 即主谓或动宾关系。不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上如果是动宾关系， 不定式必须是及物动词；如果不定式是不及物动词， 则后面必须有适当的介词。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。 Do you have any suggestions to offer？(动宾关系) 你有什么建议要提吗？ Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。 [对点训练1] 完成句子 ①他有很多书要读。 He has a lot of books to read． ②我认为这个房间是学习的最佳地点。 I think this room is the best place to study in． ③明天我有很多事情要处理， 所以不能开车去机场接你了。 I have many things to deal with tomorrow, so I can't pick you up at the airport. 要点二　动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语时， 通常表示原因、目的和结果。 1．不定式作原因状语 (1)不定式作原因状语时， 通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后， 表示产生该情感或心理活动的原因。 I am happy to hear the news. 我很高兴听到这个消息。 I'm disappointed to hear you lack the patience. 听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。 (2)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中， 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy、hard、difficult、important、impossible、interesting、pleasant、nice、comfortable、safe、dangerous等。 The dress is easy to wash. 这件衣服好洗。 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬， 但实际上坐上去很舒服。 2．不定式作目的状语 不定式作状语表示目的， 常用的结构形式为to do、in order to do、so as to do。 (1)不定式作状语表示目的， 可以置于句首或句末， 置于句首时通常用逗号与其他部分隔开。 You must do everything you can to help them. 你必须尽最大努力去帮助他们。 To save the boy, he gave his life. 他为救那个男孩献出了自己的生命。 (2)有时为了强调语气， 可在不定式前加in order和so as, 即构成in order to和so as to, 但so as to 不能放在句首。 She asked me to drive her to the airport in order/so as to catch the 5：00 plane. 为了赶上5点的飞机， 她让我开车把她送到机场。 In order to pass the exam, he worked hard even at deep night. 为了通过考试， 他甚至深夜还在努力学习。 (3)不定式表示目的时， 通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语；若不是， 就用for结构表示逻辑主语。 I got up early to go to school. 我早起是为了去上学。 He spoke slowly for us to follow him. 他说得很慢为的是让我们跟上他。 3．不定式作结果状语 (1)不定式作结果状语时， 多表示出乎意料的或不好的结果， 其前常有only或just, 而且不定式前可加上其自身的逻辑主语(for…)。 A few days later, he came back only to find that his brother had left. 几天之后他回来了， 却发现他的哥哥已经离开了。 He earned a lot of money only for his son to squander it. 他赚了很多钱， 却被儿子挥霍一空。 (2)动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用于如下结构： ①so＋形容词/副词＋as to do“如此……以致……” ②such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do“如此……以致……” ③enough＋名词＋to do“足够……” ＝形容词/副词＋enough＋to do“足够……” ④too＋形容词/副词＋to do“太……以致不能……” He is not so intelligent as to do that. 他还没有聪明到做那种事。 He arrived too late to catch bus. 他到达得太晚没能赶上车。 [对点训练2] 单句语法填空 ①I was surprised to watch(watch)him eat so quickly. ②To realise(realise)our wishes, we must try our best to work well. ③I ran too fast to notice(notice)where I was going. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find(find)it didn't fit. 2．The airport to be completed(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3．He was too disappointed to speak(speak)when he heard the news. 4．You're old enough to travel (travel)on the train by yourself. 5．If I have any further news, you'll be the first person to know(know). 6．I had a chance to visit(visit)the Great Wall last month. 7．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore(explore)society of real­life experience. 8．The kind woman is easy to get(get)along with and we all like her. 9．I'm sorry to have kept(keep)you waiting there for so long a time. 10．He was the first to arrive(arrive)and the last to leave(leave)in our company. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．They were so excited that they couldn't say a word. →They were too excited to say a word. 2．We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. We are looking for an apartment to live in． 3．In order to protect the birds, people will take some measures. →To protect the birds, people will take some measures. 4．We'll hold a meeting for you to know the programme. →We'll hold a meeting in order that you can know the programme. 5．I hurried to the post office and only found it closed. →I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$