UNIT 1 Grammar——动词 ing形式用作定语和表语(word教参)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

Grammar——动词­ing形式用作定语和表语　[对应学生用书第15页] 用动词­ing形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征 1．(教材P4)During the Mid­Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining(shine) moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. 2．(教材P4)Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting(excite) festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. 3．(教材P5)Online shopping(shop) websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 动词­ing形式不能单独作谓语， 没有人称和数的变化， 但可以有自己的宾语和状语， 还有时态和语态的变化。动词­ing形式由动词加­ing变化而成， 它同时具有名词和动词的特征， 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。 一般式 doing 否定式 not doing 完成式 having done 被动式 being done、having been done 要点一　动词­ing形式用作定语 1．动词­ing形式作定语表示动作或状态 动词­ing形式(现在分词)作定语表示所修饰词的动作或状态， 被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系， 相当于一个定语从句。单个的现在分词作定语时， 放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时， 则放在被修饰词后。 People are running out of the burning house.(前置定语) 人们正从着火的房子里跑出来。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(后置定语) ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 2．动词­ing形式作定语表属性、作用或用途 动词­ing形式(动名词)作定语表示名词的属性、作用或用途， 作“供……用”讲， 相当于介词for短语， 常置于被修饰的名词前。 They share a front door and a washing machine. 他们共同使用一个前门和一台洗衣机。 [名师点津] 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别： 现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作正在进行) 会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作将要发生) 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 [对点训练1] 句型转换 ①The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow. →The students working in the country will be back tomorrow. ②The building which is being built now will be our library. →The building being built now will be our library. 要点二　动词­ing形式用作表语 动词­ing形式包括动名词和现在分词， 两者都可作表语， 但有所区别。 1．动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系， 表示主语的内容， 主语、表语可互换位置。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night.(＝Her staying too late every night is what worries me most.) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 2．现在分词作表语， 表明的是主语的性质和特征， 主语和表语的位置不可互换。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 [名师点津] ①作表语的现在分词， 许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等等， 这类分词有“令人……的”的含义， 常修饰物。 ②动词­ing形式作表语时， 相当于形容词， 表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词­ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分， 表示具体的动作。 [对点训练2] 试判断下列句中表语的类型 ①Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.A ②What you said is really inspiring.B ③What I am tired of is waiting here alone.A Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 2．Our school went on an organized(organize) trip last week. 3．I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work to do(do). 4．There's a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again. 5．Climbing mountains was tiring, so we all felt tired．(tire) 6．The question being discussed(discuss) now is very important. 7．It was a really terrifying(terrify) experience.Afterwards, everybody was very shocked(shock). 8．The woman looking(look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 9．Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one hanging(hang) behind the door. 10．The book is full of amusing(amuse) stories about his youth. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我的工作就是每天早上挨门挨户送牛奶。 My job is delivering milk from door to door every morning. 2．这个论点很令人信服， 我们对你有信心。 The argument is very convincing and we all have faith in you. 3．她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。 She trained five times a week at the local swimming pool． 4．正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。 The man talking with our headmaster is Tom's father. 5．你知道来参加聚会的人数吗？ Do you know the number of people coming to the party？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$