UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 单元检测卷-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测素能提升训练（人教版2019）

单元检测卷（四）SPACE EXPLORATION (本卷满分120分考试用时90分钟) 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） Investigate opportunities to link space 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分：exploration with your lessons. 37.5分) Develop lesson plans that involve 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D working scientifically,using space as a context. 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Explain using models and scientific A concepts involved in space exploration. (潍坊高一期末)The thrill of space Who will you learn with? exploration is an exciting context for teaching Tom Lyons the primary curriculum.On this course, ESERO-UK Teacher Fellow,working for you'll learn how to use examples from space STEM Learning,York.Using the context of exploration to teach science and technology in space to inspire STEM teaching and learning. school,and discover hands-on activities for Teacher of physics,satellite engineer,father your pupils aged 5-11 to enjoy. of two. Who developed the course? Rachel Jackson The National STEM Learning Centre provides world-class professional development activities and I spent 10 years working as a primary classroom teacher as a science subject leader. resources to support the teaching of STEM(science, technology,engineering and mathematics)subjects. I've also supported schools as a leading science teacher before joining STEM learning Schedule as a primary specialist. Week 1 Exploring the Moon Show weekly breakdown 1.Who are the target readers of the text? Week 2 Our solar system A.Would-be space scientists. Show weekly breakdown B.Students in primary schools. Week 3 Exploring outside our solar system C.Primary science teachers. Show weekly breakdown D.Parents with kids in schools. When would you like to start? 2.How long will the course take? Start straight away and learn at your own A.One week. B.Three weeks. pace.If the course hasn't started yet.you'll see the future date listed below. C.One month. D.Half a year. Available now Join-$64 3.What can we know about the teaching staff? ·2Aug2021Join-$64 A.They are satellite engineers. What will you achieve? B.They are primary school teachers. By the end of the course,you'll be able C.They are leaders of the learning centre. to... D.They are experienced in STEM teaching. 75 高中英语·必修第三册 B :4.What can we know about Venus according (邢台高一期末)Exciting new research to paragraph 1? suggests there could be living things in the A.The thickness of its clouds. clouds above Venus,whose orbit brings it B.The distance of it to the Earth. closer to the Earth than any other planets.A C.The result of a study of its atmosphere. study of Venus's atmosphere shows a type of D.The exact temperature of its atmosphere. gas is in its atmosphere.The gas,on the Earth,5.Why have the scientists made their data is only produced by very small creatures.If such public? creatures are found on Venus,it might be the A.To announce their successful experience. first evidence of life existing anywhere else in the B.To change the wrong conclusion before. universe. C.To prove they have found life on Venus. Scientists found the gas in thick clouds D.To hope others can help find the truth. about 35 miles above Venus's equator.On the:6.What does the underlined phrase "blown Earth,the gas is produced by special forms of: away"in paragraph 3 probably mean? life that live in airless environments such as A.Impressed. B.Swept out. swamps and inside animals'guts.It can also C.Thrown away. D.Shot. be made in factories but neither explanation 7.What's the best title for the text? helps scientists to understand what the gas is A.Can a Kind of New Gas Be Found on doing on Venus. Venus? To get to the bottom of the mystery,the B.Is There a Possibility of Life on Venus? scientists have now made their data public in the C.Is What the Scientists Said Right? hope that others may be able to find a clue that D.Can Humans Live on Venus? they have missed.Professor Greaves explained C that the gas might be produced by some non- (北京卷)The notion that we live in someone living natural process that we haven't yet else's video game is irresistible to many.Searching discovered,but for now,the idea of life on:the term“simulation hypothesis(模拟假说)” Venus has to be considered.She added,"In my returns numerous results that debate whether the whole career,I have been interested in the:universe is a computer simulation-a concept that search for life elsewhere in the universe,so I'm some scientists actually take seriously. just blown away that this is even possible,We Unfortunately,this is not a scientific question. are sincerely encouraging other people to tell us We will probably never know whether it's true. what we might have missed.This is how science We can.instead,use this idea to advance works.If scientists on the Earth are unable to:scientific knowledge. find an explanation,then a future mission to: The 18th-century philosopher Kant Venus might be needed to prove whether or not:argued that the universe ultimately consists of life exists there.The US space agency NASA is things-in-themselves that are unknowable. already planning a exploration that would float: While he held the notion that objective reality on a balloon through the clouds of Venus,and:exists,he said our mind plays a necessary role this could launch sometime in the 2030s. in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 76 Modern sciences have revealed that our:based model will also be a hugely rewarding perceptual experience of the world is the:exercise. result of many stages of processing by 8.What does the author intend to do by sensory systems and cognitive(认知的)： challenging a hypothesis? functions in the brain.No one knows exactly A.Make an assumption. what happens within this black box.If B.Illustrate an argument. empirical(实i证的)experience fails to reveal C.Give a suggestion. reality,reasoning won't reveal reality either D.Justify a comparison. since it relies on concepts and words that are:9.What does the phrase "contingent on" contingent on our social,cultural and psychological underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean? histories.Again,a black box. A.Accepted by. B.Determined by. So,if we accept that the universe is C.Awakened by. D.Discovered by. unknowable,we also accept we will never 10.As for Kant's argument,the author is know if we live in a computer simulation. And then,we can shift our inquiry from "Is A.appreciative B.doubtful the universe a computer simulation?”to“Can C.unconcerned D.disapproving we model the universe as a computer simulation?" 11.It is implied in this passage that we should Modelling reality is what we do.To facilitate our comprehension of the world,we build A.compare the current models with the models based on conceptual metaphors(隐喻) previous ones that are familiar to us.In Newton's era,we B.continue exploring the classical models imagined the universe as a clock.In Einstein's, in history we uncovered the standard model of particle C.stop arguing whether the universe is (粒子)physics. a simulation Now that we are in the information age, D.turn simulations of the universe into we have new concepts such as the computer, realities up information processing,virtual reality,and D simulation.Unsurprisingly,these new concepts (南平高一期末)Different people enjoy inspire us to build new models of the universe. different amounts(数量)of human contact.. Models are not the reality,however.There is no: While some adore making lots of friends,others point in arguing if the universe is a clock,a set prefer plenty of time on their own.However, of particles or an output of computation.All is there such a thing as too much time alone? these models are tools to deal with the And how does isolation()affect humans? unknown and to make discoveries.And the In April,a Spanish athlete named more tools we have,the more effective and Beatriz Flamini came out of a cave where she insightful we can become. had spent 500 days as part of a study on social It can be imagined that comparable to the isolation.During her time 70 metres underground, process of building previous scientific models,: Flamini had no human contact at all. developing the "computer simulation"metaphor- However,she did record videos of herself and 77 ♪高中英语·必修第三册 was monitored continually by scientists. C.Complete loss of balance. Doctors measuring the effects of isolation D.Sudden deafness. are building up a picture of how it can change 15.What can be a suitable title for the text? the way people experience the passing of A.Extreme Isolation time,and how it affects the body's natural B.Power of Human Contact clock.Flamini first entered the cave on 20 C.Underground Experiences November,2021,but she lost track of time D.Astronauts'Health Experiments 65 days later.During her time underground, 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） she sometimes experienced auditory 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出 hallucinations,which means that she was 可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 hearing noises that weren't there. The 为多余选项。 isolation affected her balance when she came (启东高一质检)Hotels orbit Saturn's out of the cave,and she also had to get used pale orange moon,Titan.Cruise ships roam to being in sunlight. the docking stations like fish.Have you ever Isolation studies are important for planning imagined making this future space travel in for long-lasting space tasks.Although astronauts: the fiction films a reality?16 often work with other members,the teams are Large companies and entire governments small and their living quarters are small,too.For have teamed up to make space travel and example,the astronaut Kjell Lindgren spent 141 exploration easier and quicker.Several countries days on board the International Space Station with:are planning space missions between now and never more than five teammates for company.2025.Some aim to build stations orbiting the This summer,four volunteers will start a year of moon.17 Eventually,they maybe build living inside a big box,as part of NASA's Crew settlements there! Health and Performance Exploration Analog.The Yet no human has traveled beyond aim of this experiment is to find out how Earth's orbit since 1972.Money is part of the astronauts will manage extreme isolation and stay:problem.To put a pound of anything in space healthy while living on Mars. costs about $10,000.Consider that the old 12.What does the underlined word"adore"in:NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million paragraph 1 mean? pounds(998,000 kg)of fuel alone.Once in A.Avoid. B.Allow. space,we face the problem of enormous C.Love. D.Stop. space. Current technology and fuels can 13.What did Beatriz Flamini do underground? propel spacecraft at around 36,000 miles(58, A.She watched videos every day. 000 km)per hour.18 Therefore,human B.She stayed alone for over a year. astronauts need some sort of new engine C.She explored the cave's secrets. technology.Without it,they would not likely D.She talked with scientists sometimes. live long enough to complete journeys to 14.What did Beatriz Flamini suffer in the study?:other worlds. A.Disorder of body clock. 19 Some human astronauts live and B.Poor eyesight. work in the International Space Station(ISS). 78 They're in small spaces far from home.They Space Telescope in images described as a suffer mentally and emotionally.Moods"21 moment for astronomy". sour.Depression kicks in.Clear thinking In observations led by a British astronomer, muddies.Fear runs high. the pioneering telescope focused on a "gas Accessing fresh food is another issue. giant"planet called HIP65426b.It captured Today,astronauts eat lots of freeze-dried meals. images in infrared light(红外光)，which 20 We need those to be healthy.Of allows astronomers to more 22 calculate course,space doesn't have grocery stores.Deep-:the mass and temperature of "exoplanets"- space travelers may need to grow food on:the 23 for planets in orbit around other board.Unfortunately,good nutrition cannot stars.It should ultimately allow them to fully protect an astronaut.All that time spent:detect clouds moving across their surface, floating affects bones,muscles,and the 24 alien weather patterns on worlds blood.The body suffers damage from radiation hundreds of light years from our solar system. streaming from stars and supernovas. The images show the planet as“blobs(a斑点)of A.Others intend to land humans on Mars. light"in blue,purple,yellow and red hues B.Freezing food reduces its vitamins and:under various infrared wavelengths. minerals. The planet is up to 12 times bigger than C.Even if a trip fit within a lifetime,it Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther wouldn't be easy. from its host star compared with the Earth's D.In some ways,we are on the edge of this distance from the sun,making it 25 for imagined future. astronomers to separate the planet from its E.Frozen food cannot provide them with star when attempting to capture images of it. enough good nutrition. The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old, F.With that amazing speed,spacecrafts a fraction of the 26 of the Earth,which would carry astronauts to other worlds. is 4.5 billion years old.Like Jupiter and G.Even at that speed,it would take 78,000:Saturn,it has "no rocky surface and could years to reach the nearest star system. not be27”,NASA said. 第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） The 28 of an exoplanet is usually 第一节（共l5小题；每小题1分，满分l5:detected when the light from a distant star 分) appears to become less 29 at regular 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、intervals,suggesting that a planet is passing D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳： across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial 选项。 eclipse(日偏食).It is extremely difficult to (上海高一期末) capture a direct image of an exoplanet 30 Telescope Searching for Space they are thousands of times fainter than the Treasure Unearths Giant Planet stars they orbit. A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds,in James Webb used an instrument called a orbit()around a star 385 light years from:coronagraph to 31 light from HiP65426b's our sun,has been captured by the James Webb:host star,which lies in the Centaurus constellation 79 高中英语·必修第三册 (半人马座)，“()btaining this image felt like:30.A.because B.although 32 space treasure,"said Aarynn Carter,a C.unless D.as if researcher at the University of California."At:31.A.look out B.find out first,all I could see was light from the star,but C.block out D.make out with careful image processing,I was able to 32.A.digging for B.hiding from remove that light and uncover the planet." C.bringing out D.mixing into Analysis suggests that the planet has a 33.A.infancy B.childhood red hue and a temperature of 1,300C.The C.youth D.peak images could give a clue as to how Jupiter and 34.A.in case of B.in the way of Saturn looked in their 33 more than four C.regardless of D.owing to billion years ago. 35.A.chemical B.physical NASA said,"Webb's view,at longer C.psychological D.medical infrared wavelengths,shows new details that 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） ground-based telescopes would not be able to 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当 detect34 the intrinsic(本身的)infrared 的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 glow of Earth's atmosphere."The telescope (永州高一期末)On20 December,a has already been used to analyze the 35 series of huge waves 36. (cause)by make-up of the atmosphere on another an earthquake resulted in many people's exoplanet,WASP-39b,detecting carbon dioxide deaths.Goldshore beach was the only local beach by analyzing the spectrum of light (to survive the disaster.Sabrina,37. was passing through its clouds. a girl of ten years old,helped about 100 people 21.A.difficult B.awful escape danger with her knowledge of tsunami. C.dramatic D.transformative That day,many people were walking, 22.A.carefully B.precisely running or 38. (simple)sitting on C.positively D.quickly the beach.39. (enjoy)the warm sea 23.A.term B.reason air and the soft wind.Sabrina was one of the C.explanation D.material happy 40. tourist until she 24.A.reporting B.forecasting noticed something odd.It immediately C.changing D.revealing occurred 41. her that these were 25.A.clear B.impossible signs of an approaching tsunami because she C.easier D.harder had just learnt about it in a geography lesson. 26.A.time B.age At first,Sabrina was 42. C.history D.distance (frighten),but she soon kept her head.She 27.A.renewable B.habitable asked her parents 43. (inform)a C.detectable D.feasible safety officer.The officer realized the coming 28.A.form B.component danger,and rapidly cleared the beach of C.existence D.orbit people,just before 44. tsunami 29.A.gentle B.natural arrived.Thus,all the people on the beach C.warm D.bright 45. (save). 80 第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分） apple.We would look on longingly as the rich 第一节（满分15分） kids proudly sat down with their steaming 微信学习群越来越受到人们的欢迎。对 plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and cold 此，不同的人持有不同的观点。请你根据以 milk,sweet peaches and delicious cake. 下提示，用英语给某英语报刊写一篇短文， I never said anything,but my first grade 并谈谈你的看法。 teacher,Mrs.Caruso,must have seen the 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 eagerness in my eyes.One day she quietly 1.获得新知识： L.学习群管理不善： 1.… pressed a note into my hand and whispered, ,利用闲暇时间学习。 2,浪费时间。 2.… “Give this to your mother.” I arrived home and gave my mom the 注意：1.短文要包括所有要点，不要简单 note.She read it and smiled."Well,Mrs. 翻译，可适当发挥； Caruso said because of all your hard work, 2.写作词数应为80左右，开头已 she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow."The 给出，不计人总词数。 next day,I proudly carried my tray of chicken Nowadays,WeChat study groups are more across the cafeteria and took my seat at the and more popular among people.However, hot-lunch table.Honestly,the food wasn't as different people hold different opinions on this great as I had imagined,but I was pleased to matter. be there and felt honored to be a part of the group. One rainy day,Mrs.Caruso asked me to stay after school.My heart instantly sank. 第二节（满分25分） Surely,I must be in trouble!Did she know I 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落 hadn't finished my math homework?Did she 开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 see me making fun of Billy on the (宁德高一期未)I grew up in a large playground? family of twelve siblings(兄弟姐妹)，We 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右： weren't poor by most standards,but things 2.请按如下格式作答。 were difficult for us.My parents never shared Paragraph 1: their financial worries,choosing instead to let After the other students had left,Mrs. us have a carefree childhood.But I knew that Caruso said she was going to drive me home. there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn't be easy for me to get. Paragraph 2: Back in those days,hot lunch was a Thinking of the gifts given by her on luxury (for the wealthier kids,and that raining day,I don't know why Mrs. hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the Caruso took so much care of me. students who brought cold lunch.My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: homemade bread,three cookies,and a small 81单元检测卷（四）SPACE EXPLORATION :6.解析词义猜测题。根据画线河上文“n my whole career,I have been interested in the search for life 第一部分 elsewhere in the universe,soIT'm just”以及后文“that 第一节 this is even possible”可知，Greaves牧授一直对寻找字 A 宙中其他地方的生命感兴趣，所以她对宇宙中其他地方 [语篇导读]这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个太空 可能存在生命这件事感到惊讶和印象深刻。故画线词意 探素教学课程，旨在使用太空探索的例子来教授科学和技 思是“使印象深刻”。故选A。 术，并发现让5到11岁的学生喜欢的动手活动。介绍了 答案A 课程时间安排和教职员工的情况， 7.解析主旨大意题。技据第一段“Exciting new research L.解析推理判断题。根据第一段“On this course,you'l suggests there could be living things in the clouds above Venus,whose orbit brings it closer to the Earth than any learn how to use examples from space exploration to other planets.A study of Venus's atmosphere shows a teach science and technology in school,and discover type of gas is in its atmosphere.The gas,on the Earth. hands-on activities for your pupils aged 5-11 to enjoy. is only produced by very small creatures.If such 本课程中，您将学习如何在学校中使用太空探索的例子 creatures are found on Venus,it might be the first 来教授科学和技术，并发现让5到11岁的学生喜欢的 evidence of life existing anywhere else in the universe. 动手活动。)”可推知，文章的目标读者是小学科学教师」 (令人兴奋的新研究表明，在金星上空的云层中可能存 故选C, 在生物，金星的轨道比其他任何行星都更接近地球。对 答案C 金星大气层的研究表明，金星大气层中有一种气体。在 2.解析细节理解题。根据Schedule部分"Week 1 地球上，这种气体只有非常小的生物才能严生，如果在 Exploring the Moon:Week 2 Our solar system:Week 3 金星上发现了这样的生物，这可能是宇宙中其他地方存 Exploring outside our solar system(第一周：探索月球：第二 在生命的第一个证据。)”结合文章主要说明了对金星大 周：我们的太阳系：第三周：探索太阳系外的世界)”列举了 气的研究结果表明，字宙中其他地方可能存在着生命 三周学习的内容可知，这门深要三周时间。故选B。 介绍了研究人员对此的研究以及人们对此的看法。可 答案B 知，B选项“金星上有生命存在的可能性吗？”最符合文章 3.解析细节理解题。根据例数第二段“ESERO-UK 标题。故选B Teacher Fellow.working for STEM Learning,York. 答案B Using the context of space to inspire STEM teaching and C learning..(ESERO)UK教师研究员，为约克的STEM学 :[语篇导读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家 习工作。利用空间环境启发STEM教学和学习)”以及最 ：对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于字宙争论的 后一段中“T've also supported schools as a leading 看法 science teacher before joining STEM learning as a 8.解析 写作意图题。根据第一段“Searching the term primary specialist..(在作为一名初级专家加入STEM学 ·simulation hypothesis(模拟假说)'returns numerous results 习之前，我还作为一名领先的科学教师支持学校，)”可 that debate whether the universe is a computer simulationa 知，教取员工在STEM教学方而有经险。故选D。 concept that some scientists actually take seriously. 答案D Unfortunately,this is not a scientific question.We will probably never know whether it's true.We can,instead.use [语篇导读]这是一德说明文。文章主婴说明了对金星大 this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(擅索‘模拟假说这 气的研究结果表明，字宙中其他地方可能存在着生命。介 一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结 绍了研究人员对此的研究以及人们对此的看法。 一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是 4.解析细节理解题。根据第一段"Exciting new research 这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真 的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。)”可知， suggests there could be living things in the clouds above 作者对于模拟假说提出疑问，是为了提出自己的建议，建议 Venus,whose orbit brings it closer to the Earth than any 使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C other planets.A study of Venus's atmosphere shows a 答案C type of gas is in its atmosphere.The gas.on the Earth. :9.解析河句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical(实证的) is only produced by very small creatures.If such experience fails to reveal reality,reasoning won't reveal reality creatures are found on Venus.it might be the first either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent evidence of life existing anywhere else in the universe. on our social.cultural and psychological histories.(如果经验 (令人兴奋的新研究表明，在金星上空的云层中可能有 不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，周为它依赖于 在生物，金星的轨道比其他任何行星都更接近地球。对 contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词 金星大气层的研究表明，金星大气层中有一种气体。在 语。)”可知，句中that引导定语从句，指代先行词concepts 地球上，这种气体只有非常小的生物才能产生。如果在 and words,且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会，文 金星上发现了这样的生物，这可能是宇宙中其他地方存 化和心理历史，推测画，线短语表示“取决于”。故选B。 在生命的第一个证据。)”可知，从第一段我们能了解到 答案B 研究金星大气的结果，故逸C 10.解析观点态度题。根据第二役“The18th-century 答案C philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately 5.解析细节理解题。根据第三段“To get to the bottom consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. of the mystery,the scientists have now made their data While he held the notion that objective reality exists.he public in the hope that others may be able to find a clue said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and that they have missed.(为了弄清这一谜团的真相，科学 shaping our perceptions.(l8世纪的哲学家康德认为， 家们现在公开了他们的数据，希望其他人能够找到他们 宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观 遗漏的线索。)”可知，科学家们要公开他们的数据是因 现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构篷和塑造我们 为希望别人能帮助他们发现真相。故选D 的感知方面发挥着必要的作用，)”以及第三段“S0,「 答案D we accept that the universe is unknowable,we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer 45 simulation,(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们：第二节 也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟：[语篇导读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太空意行 中，)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客规陈述后利用：正在成为现实，大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和 该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论：探索更容号、更快捷。但是其中仍然存在挑战和问题。 点持欣赏的态度。故迹A。 l6.解析根据上文“Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, 答案A Titan.Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. 11.解析推理判断题。根据第四段"There is no point in Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in arguing if the universe is a clock.a set of particles or an the fiction films a reality？(酒店图绕着土星的淡橙色卫 output of computation.All these models are tools to 星土卫六运行，游轮像鱼儿一样在码头上游荡。你有没 deal with the unknown and to make discoveries.And 有想过把科幻电影里的未来太空旅行变成现实？)”以及 the more tools we have,the more effective and 第二段“Large companies and entire governments have insightful we can become.(争论宇宙是否是一个时钟 teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier 一组经子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这 and quicker.(大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行 些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥 和探索更察易、更快捷。)”可知，太空旅行正在成为现 有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力。)”以 实。D选项“在某些方面，我们正处于这种想象未来的 及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the 边蠓，”符合语境。故选D。 process of building previous scientific models. 答案D developing the‘computer simulation'metaphor--based:I7.解析根据上文“Large companies and entire governments nodel will also be a hugely rewarding exercise,(可以想 have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier 象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于·计算杭 and quicker.Several countries are planning space missions 模拟隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。)”可知， between now and 2025.Some aim to build stations orbiting 作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我 the moon.(大公司和整个致府已经联手使太空旅行和探 们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模椒，而应该着手于将其作 索更容易，更快捷。几个国家正在计划从现在到2025年 为一个模型来探常和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进 的太空任务。一些国家的目标是在月球轨道上建立空间 步。故选C 站。)”可知，上文提到了一些国家的目标，本句说明其他 答案C 一些国家的打算。A选项中Others与上文Some相对 应。A选项“另一些打算把人类送上火星。”合语境 语篇导读]这是一信说明文。文章主要介绍了一项极端 故选A. 隔离实验，目的是找出字航员在太空生活时如何应对极端 答案A 隔离并保持健康的方法。 :I8,解析根据上文“Current technology and fuels can l2.解析词句猜测题。前文“Different people enjoy propel spacecraft at around 36.000 miles(58.000 km) different amounts(敏量)of human contaet.(不同的人喜 per hour.[目前的技术和燃料可以排动航天器以每小时 欢不同数量的人际接触，)”说明不同的人喜欢不同数量 36000英里(58000公里)的速度飞行。]”以及后文 的人际交往，从而推知“While some adore making lots "Therefore.human astronauts need some sort of new of friends,others prefer plenty of time on their own. engine technology.Without it,they would not likely (有些人adore交很多朋友，而另一些人则喜欢有足够 live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds. 的独处时间。)”画线词汇意思是“喜欢”。故选C。 (因此，人类宇航员需要某种新的引擎技术。没有它， 答案C 他们不可能活得足够长，完成前往其他世界的旅程。)” 13.解析细节理解题。根据第二段“In April,a Spanish 可知，本句主要承接上文说明如今航天器的飞行速度 athlete named Beatriz Flamini came out of a cave where she 存在不足。G选项“即使以这样的速度，也需要78000 had spent 500 days as part of a study on social isolation. 年才能到达最近的星系。”符合语境。故选G。 During her time 70 metres underground,Flamini had no 答案 human contaet at all.(今年4月，西班牙运动员Beatriz:I9,解析根据后文“Some human astronauts live and work Flamini走出了一个羽穴，地在那里度过了500天，这是 in the International Space Station ISS).They're in 一项关于社会隔离的研究的一部分。在地下70米的时 small spaces far from home.They suffer mentally and 间里，Flamini完全没有与人接触。)”可知，Beatriz emotionally.Moods sour.Depression kicks in.Clear Flamini在地下一个人待了一年多，故选B。 thinking muddies..Fear runs high.(一些人类宇航员在 答案B 国际空间站生活和工作。他们住在远离地球的小空间 l4.解析知节理解题。根据第三段“Flamini first entered 里。他们在精种上和情感上都很痛苦。情靖恶化。抑 the cave on 20 November 2021,but she lost track of 郁开始了。清嘶的思维变得模柳。恐惧情堵高涨。)”可 time65 days later.(Flamini于2021年11月20日首次 知，本段主要说明了太空旅行的不易之处。C选项“即 进入洞穴，但65天后她就失去了时间概念。)”可知 使一生只有一次旅行，也不容易。”符合语境。故选C。 Beatriz Flamini在研究中遭受了生物钟素乱。故选A。 答案C 答案A 20.解析根据后文“We need those to be healthy.(我们需 15.解析主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“And how 要这些来保持健康。)”可知，本句主要说明保持健康所 does isolation(跃独)affect humans？(隔离是如何影响 需的物质是什么，B选项中vitamins and minerals对应 人类的？)”和最后一段“The aim of this experiment is to 后文those.。B遗项“冷冻食物会减少食物中的雏生素 find out how astronauts will manage extreme isolation 和矿物质。”符合语境。故选B。 and stay healthy while living on Mars,(这项实验的月 答案B 的是找出宇航员在火星上生活时何应对极端隔离并 第二部分 保持健康的方法。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项极端隔：第一节 离实验，目的是找出宇航员在太空生活时如何应对极：[语篇导读】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦伯望远镜 端隔离并保持健康的方法。A“极端隔离”符合主题，适：首次拍到系外行星HIP65426b图像的事情。 合微标题。故选A。 21,解析考查形客词辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远 答案A 镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星，它围绕着距 46 离太阳385光年的恒星运行，被称为“天文学的变革时 时才被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过 刻”。A.difficult(图难的)：B.awful(槽糕的)：C 它的表面一次，就像一次微小的日偏食。A.gentle(温 dramatic(戏剧性的)：D.transformative(变革性的)。这 柔的)B.natural(自然的)tC.warm(温援的》：D.bright 颗行星的发现有变革性的意义。故选D。 (亮的)。根据"suggesting that a planet is passing 答案D across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse" 22,解析考查副词辩析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这 可知，当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那 使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和 么明亮时，系外行星才能被探测到。故选D 温度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A 答案D carefully(细心地)：B.precisely(精确地)：C,positively :30,解析考查连词辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接 (积极地)，D.quickly(快速地》。根据“It captured 图像是极其困难的，因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要 images in infrared light”可知，用红外光柏摄图像能够 暗几千停。A.because(因为)：B.although(尽管)：C 更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故远B。 unless(除非)：D.a8if(好像)。根据前后文可知，两个 答案B 分句之间是因果关系。故选A。 23.解析考查名词辩析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这 答案A 使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温 :31,解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯使用一 度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A.term 种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的 (术语，措辞)：B.reason(原因)：C.explanation(解释)：D HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张熙片感觉就像 material(材料)。根据破折号和“for planets in orbit 在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特说 around other stars”可知，这是指exoplanets这一措锌 A.look out(留神)：B.find out(弄明白)：C.block out(阻 故选A。 挡)：D).make out(制作)。根据上文“It is extremely 答案A difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 24.解析考查动词辩析。句意：它最终应孩能让他们探测 30 they are thousands of times fainter than the 到云层在其表面移动，揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光 stars they orbit,”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱， 年的世界上的外星天气模式，A.reporting(报道)：B, 所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它。故选C forecasting(预测)：C.changing(改变)：D.revealing( 答案C 示)。根据“It should ultimately allow them to detect :32.解析考查动词短语排析。句意：詹場斯·韦伯使用一 clouds moving across their surface”可知，这是利用红外 种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的 光最终会达到的目的，所以应孩是可以揭示出外星天 HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张照片感觉就像 气模式。故选D 在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特说。 答案D A.digging for(挖掘)：B.hiding from(隐藏于)：C. 25,解析考查形容词辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12 倍，和地球与太阳的距离相比，它的轨道距离主星釣 bringing out(带出来)：D.mixing into(混合于)。根据上 文可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的 100停，这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这预行星的图像时 主星发出的光线才能看到它，所以感觉就像在挖掘太 更难将其与恒星分开。A.clear(清楚的)：B.impossible 空宝藏，这个过程是很困难的。故选A。 (不可能的)：C,easier(更容易的)：D.harder(更难的) 根据“The planet is up to I2 times bigger than Jupiter 答案A and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star 33.解析考查名词辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40多亿年 compared with the Earth's distance from the sun”可知 前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A.infancy 这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的 (婴儿期)：B.childhoo(儿时)：C.outh(青年时期)：D. 困像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D peak(顶峰).根据上文"The planet is only15to20 答案D million years old”可知，这颗行星只有1500万至2000 26,解析考查名词辨析。句意：这颗行星的年龄只有 万年的历史·所以相对于40多9亿年，应该是婴儿时 1500万至2000万年，只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。 期。故选A A.time(时间)：B.age(年龄)：C.history(历史)：D 答案A distance(距离)。根据"which is4.5 billion years old'"可 :34,解析考查介词短语舞析。句意：美国国家航空航天局 知，这里指地球的年龄。故选B。 表示，“韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细 答案B 节，由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射，地面望运镜无法 27.解析考查形容词辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表 探测到这些细节。”A.in case of(以防万一)：B.in the way 示，与木星和土星一样。它“没有岩石表而，也不可能 of(以的方式)：C,regardless of(不管)：D.owing to(因 是宜居的”，A.renewable(可再生的)：B.habitable(宜 为)。根据“ground-based telescopes would not be able to 居的)：C.detectable(可探测的)：D.feasible(可行的) detect'”可知，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节，应该是 很据“no rocky surface'”可知，它没有岩石表面，所以不 由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射。故选D。 可能是宜居的。故选B 答案D 答案B 35.解析考查形容词辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分 28.解析考查名词辩析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在 析另一颗系外行星WASP-39b上大气的化学组成，通 来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才 过分祈穿过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A.chemical 被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表 (化学的)：B.physical(物理的)：C.psychological(心理 面一次，就僚一次微小的日偏食。A,fom(形成)：B. 的)：D.medical(医学的)。根据“detecting carbon component(成分)：C.existence(存在)：D.orbit(轨道)。根 dioxide'”可知，这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学物 "is usually detected when the light from a distant star 质。故选A。 appears to become less29 at regular intervals'”可， 答案A 这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选C 第二节 答案C [语篇导读]本文是记叙文。讲述一个10岁的女孩 29.解析考查形客词辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是：Sabrina Andron用地对海啸的知识帮助大约100人逃斋危 在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮：险的故事， 47 36,解析考查非谓语动词。句意：12月20日，一系列被：be exposed to a lot of knowledge but we can exchange ideas 地震导致的巨大的海浪造成许多人死亡。分祈句子可：with others instantly.Taking everything into consideration, 知，句子谓语动词是resulted in,cause用非谓语动词I approve of studying in WeChat groups. 作定语，修饰waves,cause与逻辑主语waves之间是：第二节 被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填caused :[参考范文 答案caused Paragraph 1: 37.解析考查定语从句，句意：Sabrina,是一个10岁的女 A fter the other students had left,Mrs.Caruso said 孩，用地的海啸知识帮助大约l00人逃离了危险。分：she was going to drive me home.It was raining,and she 析句子可知，空格处引导非很制性定语从句，修饰：knew I had a long walk.Sitting quietly in her car,I felt that Sabrina,指人，从句中作主语，故填who I got butterflies in my stomach.Soon.we pulled up to my 答案who house and she got out,laying a few bags on the porch. 38.解析考查副词。句意：那天，人们正在散步、跑步或 "Tell your mom I had a few extra things she might want." 只是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海洋空气和柔和的风。 she said.Then she drove away.Inside the bags were 修饰动词，所以用副词作状语，故填simply。 clothes,toys,and books.The siblings.eyes dancing with 答案simply joy and sweetness,gathered around the gifts. 39.解析考查非谓语动词。句意：那天，人们正在数步 Paragraph 2: 跑步或只是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海洋空气和柔 Thinking of the gifts given by her on that raining 和的风。分析句子可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语， day,I don't know why Mrs.Caruso took so much care of enjoy与逻辑主语people是主动关系，表示伴随用现在 me.Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little 分词，故填enjoying。 less than everyone else.Somehow,even with her quiet 答案enjoying charity,she never made me feel ashamed.She just made me 40.解析考查名词。句意：Sabrina是快乐的游客之一 feel loved and important.I've never lost that feeling-of 直到她注意到一些奇怪的事情。one of-十名词复敏，是 being important to someone and being protected by her. 固定短语，表示“之一”，故填to川rists。 After all these years,I'm still grateful to that wonderful 答案tourists teacher.It is her little.nameless.unremembered acts of 41.解析考查国定短语。句意：她立刻想到。这些都是海 kindness and of love that always keep me moving on. 啸即将来临的迹象，因为地刚刚在地理课上得知了这 一点。occur t0sb.(某人突然想到…)是国定短语， 单元检测卷（五）THE VALUE OF MONEY 根据句意，故填t0 答案to 第一部分 42.解析考查形容词。句意：Sabrina很害怕，但地很快 第一节 就保持了冷静。指人“害怕的”，用形容词frightened作 表语，根据句意，故填frightened. :[语篇导读]这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三款最好用的 答案frightened 用以节省资金的应用程序。 43,解析考查非谓语动词。句意：她请地的父母告知一个 .!l.解析鈿节理解题。根据Paribus部分“Paribus helps 安全管理员。ask sb.to do sth.(请某人微某事)，是园 you get money back by tracking your purchases from 定结构，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to inform。 major stores and discussing refunds.(Paribus通过跟踪 答案to inform 你在各大商店的购买情况和讨论退款来帮助你拿回 44.解析考查冠词。句意：这名管理人员意识到了即将到 钱.)”可知，如果你想拿回钱，你会选择的应用是 来的危险，在这场海啸到来之前迅追琉散了海弹上的 Paribus。故选B。 人。根据语境可知，此处特指第一段提到海嘴，用定冠 答案B 词，故填the 2.解析细节理解题。根据Digit部分“If you can't figure 答案the out how much you can afford to save,Digit will analyze 15,解析考查动词时态语态。句意：因而沙滩上的人被效 your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your 了。分析句子可知，save是句子的谓语动词，与主语 savings.(如果你想不出你能存多少钱，Digit会分析你 people是被动关系，用被动语态，讲述过去发生的事情 的消费习惯，为你的储蓄省下一定的钱。)”可知，使用 用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were saved。 Digt可以分析消货习惯以节省开支。故选C. 答案were saved 答案C 第三部分 3.解析推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are3 of the best 第一节 apps that can help you save much money,(这里有3个最 参考范文 好的应用程序，可以帮助你节省很多钱。)”可知，本文的 Nowadays,WeChat study groups are more and more 日的是介绍有用的用以节省资金的应用程序。故远A。 popular among people.However,different people hold 答案A different opinions on this matter. Some people prefer to study in WeChat groups.Their:[语篇导读]本文是-一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在街上遇到 reasons are as follows.Firstly,people ean learn new things 一个无家可归的人，他不仅给了他食物，还让他感受到了 they can't get from books,.Secondly,learners can make full:尊重和关爱。 use of their spare time to study wherever they are. :4.解析细节理解题。根据第一段“As a firefighter,you're However,others don't think so.They argue that the constantly thinking of other people and trying to help children. groups are poorly managed,which spreads much false It's the mindset that is the most difficult part in this job!( information.Besides,studying by joining the WeChat: 为一名消防员，你总是想着别人，并试图帮助孩子们。心 groups is a waste of time. 态才是这份工作中最图难的部分！)”可知，作者认为作为消 In my opinion,it is advisable to use WeChat groups to 防员最难的地方是培养帮助他人的心态。故速D。 study,which can bring us great benefits.Not only can we 答案D 48