Unit3 Rain or Shine（知识清单）英语新教材北师大版七年级下册

Unit3 Rain or Shine 话题 Rain or Shine 词汇 snowy，rainy，international，high，whatever，picnic，indoor，few ，hold ，affect，behave ， die，avoid，accident ，change，plan ，besides ，able，calm ，peaceful ，lucky 短语 fly a kite.， have a picnic，stay at home，a few，enjoying themselves，start off，be able to， take an umbrella，not only ...but also ,prepare for,find out 句型 1.Some kids are building snowmen. Others are playing in the snow. It’s fun！ 2.There are only a few people outside now and they're all holding umbrellas. 3.They are enjoying themselves. 4.A few are haying picnics and children are playing games. 5.Weather affects not only humans, but also animals and plants. 6.Birds do not sing much on windy days and some insects may behave differently before it rains. Many plants even die at low temperatures. 7.Weather affects our lives in many other ways. 8.We can't change the weather, but we can prepare for it. 9.it's easy to find out about the weather on the internet. 语法 1.现在进行时 2.一般将来时 写作 描述天气 考点1.对天气提问的用法 用法分析 How's the weather...？相当于 What is the weather like...？意为“……天气怎么样？”，用来询问天气状况。其答语常是：It's sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/hot/snowy /cold/warm/cool...等。 —What is the weather like in your hometown？你家乡天气怎么样？ —It's rainy.有雨。 —How is the weather today？今天天气怎么样？ —It's cloudy.多云。 注意（1）weather意为“天气”，不可数名词，特别在感叹句中weather前面不能加冠词a/an。What bad weather it is！多么糟糕的天气啊！ （2）weather的同音词为 whether“是否”，引导宾语从句。 —What will the weather be like tomorrow？ —It will be___B___. A.rain B.rainy C.raining D.to rain 考点2.temperature的用法 用法分析 temperature名词，意为“温度；气温；体温”。 固定搭配 have/run a temperature发烧，take one’s temperature 量体温。 I’m running a temperature and I have a headache.我在发烧而且头痛。 Tom is ill. He is taking his temperature now.汤姆生病了。他现在在量体温。 注意 temperature温度，一般用high和low形容温度的高、低。 It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd,the ___A___ in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development 考点3.考点辨析 little，a little，few，a few 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 There is little milk in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 I know a little English.我知道点英语 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 I feel lonely, because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 特殊考点 在反意疑问句中，陈述部分有few，little，no，nothing，nobody，never，seldom，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。 1.-Would you like to have some tea？ -No, thanks. There is ___D___ in my cup. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 考点4.whenever的用法 用法分析（1）whenever意为“无论何时”，相当于 no matter when。 无论何时我们遇到困难，他们总来帮助我们。Whenever/No matter when we met with difficulties, they came to help us. （2）when ever意为“究竟何时”，相当于 when on earth. 你究竟是什么时候丢了自行车的？ When ever did you lose your bike? —Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs. Liu？ —Yes, she always encouraged us and gave us support A we met difficulties. A. whenever B. whatever C. however 考点5.shine的用法 用法分析 shine为动词，意为“发光；照耀”，其过去式和过去分词为shone/shined，现在分词为shining。 灯光正照在他的眼睛上，他什么也看不见。The light was shining in his eyes and he could not see. 词形转换shine v. 发光，照耀→ shine n. 光亮，光泽→ shiny adj. 有光泽的，发亮的。 考点6.bright的用法 用法分析 本句中的 bright为副词，意为“光亮地；明亮地”，通常与动词burn, shine连用，可与brightly互换。 星光闪烁。 The stars were shining bright. 考点拓展 bright为形容词时，意为“明亮的；光线充足的；聪明的（相当于clever）”，其副词形式为brightly. 孩子们在明亮的月光下跳舞。 The children are dancing in the bright moonlight. —Did you watch 2023CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Liangshan? —Certainly. Its theme was "fire"; at night the sky over Xichang was as A as that in the day with the light of fire. A. bright B. brightly C. brighter D. more brightly 考点7.wind的用法 用法分析 wind n.风。 北京的风很大。There is a strong wind in Bejing. 注意 windy adj.有风的，做表语或定语。 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 It is w___windy___ now. I’m afraid it is going to rain soon. 考点8.enjoy的用法 用法分析 enjoy表示“享受……的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱”，后接名词/反身代词/动名词，不可接动词不定式。 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快。 我爸爸喜欢钓鱼。My father enjoys fishing. 你在宴会上玩得愉快吗？Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ 特殊考点 后接 doing做宾语的动词 enjoy,finish,practice,mind,consider. miss 后接 doing做宾语的动词短语 be busy,look forward to, be used to,can't help,give up,feel like,keep on Can you finish reading the book in three days？你能在三天内读完这本书吗？ Some people enjoy___C___ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. A.to send B.send C.sending D.sent 考点9.fun的用法 用法分析 fun做形容词，意为“有趣的，使人快乐的”；用于名词前做定语。 It's a really fun day! 真是有趣的一天！ 考点拓展 fun可做不可数名词，意为“乐趣，快乐”。 固定搭配（1）or fun闹着玩地，为了好玩。 Most students use the Internet just for fun not for homework.大多数学生上网是为了娱乐，不是为了作业。 （2）have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快。have fun with sb.和某人玩得开心、过得愉快。have fun doing stb.表示“做某事感到有乐趣、开心”，动词用-ing形式。 Quancheng Park is a good place to have fun.泉城公园是一个很好玩的地方。 We have fun playing sports together.我们一起做运动很开心。 注意 have fun后接动词时，只能使用v.-ing形式。 小提示have fun作为祝福语，相当于have a good time，表示“祝你玩得愉快、过得高兴”。 —I‘m going to Ann's birthday party. Bye, mom. —____A___, Jack! A. Have fun B. No problem C. Best wishes D. Take care 考点10.other的用法 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and___B___is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 考点11.outside的用法 用法分析 outside副词，意为“在外面，在户外”，其反义词为 inside。 进来。外面雨下得很大。Come in.It is raining hard outside. 考点拓展 outside adj.外部的，外面的；prep.在……外面；n.外表，外部。 The outside of an orange is bitter,but the inside is sweet.橘子皮有点苦，但里面是甜的。 I heard a strange sound outside.我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音。 考题预测 —What a nice day today！ —Yeah.let's take a walk___A___. A.outside B.inside C.behind D.in 考点12.考点辨析 spend，take，pay，cost “花费”各不同 spend的主语为人 spent...（in）doing sth.做某事花费时间、 金钱,spent...on sth.在…….花费时间、金钱 take用形式主语it It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一些时间去做某事。 pay的主语为人 sb+ pay + some money + for sth. 某人为某物花费金钱 cost的主语为物 sth. cost sb. some money某物花了某人多少钱 I usually spend an hour （in）reading English every morning.每天早上我通常花1小时时间读英语。 It takes me ten minutes to go to school by bus.我上学乘公共汽车需要花费10分钟。 I have paid much money for the computer.我买这台电脑花了很多钱。 The watch cost me 300 yuan.我花了300元买了这块手表。 -Have you finished your homework, Sue？ -Yes. It ____B__ me an hour to do it. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid 考点13. remember的用法 用法分析 remember动词“记住；记起”，后跟名词、代词或名词性从句。反义词：forget忘记。 我记不起来我在什么地方见过她。I don't remember where I met her. 我现在想不起来他的地址了。I can't remember his address now. 考点辨析 remember doing sth., remember to do sth. remember doing sth. 记得（已经）做过某事，表示事情已经做了。 remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事，表示事情还没做。 I remember posting the letter for her.我记得已经替她把信寄了。 Remember to post the letter for her.记住替她寄这封信。 I remembered putting the keys in the bag.我记得把钥匙放在包里了。 特殊考点 与remember用法类似的结构：forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事（动作已发生），forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（动作没发生）。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事，stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。 —Don't forget to take medicine,Tony.托尼，不要忘了吃药。 —Mum,I remembered taking it after lunch.妈妈，我记得午饭后吃过药了。 Remember___B___ some fruit when you come back. A.buying B.to buy C.buy 考点14.rain的用法 用法分析rain做动词为“下雨”，做不可数名词为“雨水”，当修饰雨大/雨小时用hard（heavy）/light，不可以用 large/small。 昨晚下了一场大雨。There was a heavy rain last night. 天在下大雨。It is raining heavily/hard. 考点拓展 “雨”中各不同 a heavy/light rain 一场大/小雨（rain为名词） rain heavily/hard 下大雨（rain为动词） rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨（夸张说法） rainy形容词 下雨的；多雨的 Come in.It is raining hard outside.进来。外面雨下得很大。 Summer is a rainy season in the south of China.在中国南方，夏季是一个多雨的季节。 It is raining cats and dogs outside.We have to stay at home.外面在下倾盆大雨。我们不得不待在家里。 固定搭配 含“rainy”短语 rainy weather 多雨的天气 a rainy day 雨天 the rainy season 雨季 注意 修饰风大用 strong/strongly。 The wind is blowing strongly.风刮得很大。 —Look！It's raining___A___. —That's right.The rain is too______to go shopping. A.heavily；heavy B.heavily；heavily C.heavy；heavy D.heavy；heavily 考点15.sunny的用法 用法分析 sunny adj.阳光充足的，晴天的。 今天天气晴朗。The weather is sunny today. 注意 sun→sunny由名词变为形容词时，注意要双写n再加y，因为sun是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节。 考点拓展“名词十（n）y”构成的表示天气的形容词有：wind（风）+y→ windy有风的；cloud（云）+y→cloudy多云的；snow（雪）+y→snowy有雪的；rain（雨）+y→rainy下雨的；sun（太阳）+y→sunny晴朗的（双写n）；ice（冰）+y→icy冰冻的（去掉e）；fog（雾）+y→foggy多雾的（双写g）。 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 The weather is___sunny___today.Let's go bike riding in the countryside. 考点16. able adj. 有能力的，能够 I am able to speak some English now. 我现在能说一些英语。 be able to do sth有能力(或办法、机会)做某事 【易错警示】be able to与can be able to be able to 表示经过努力而具备的能力，可用于各种时态。例如： I haven't been able to sleep recently. 最近我睡不着觉。 I am able to express my idea in a clear way. 我能清楚地表达自己的想法。 can can表示本身有做某事的能力，只有现在式（can）和过去式（could）两种。例如： I can finish the work in three days. 我可以在三天内完成这项工作。 考点17.behave v. 表现，举止 How did you behave? 你又是如何表现的？ Behave yourself! 请规矩点！ behave oneself使举止规矩 behaviour n. [U] 行为，举止 考点18.calm adj. 静的，平静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇定vi. 平静下来；镇定下来 He answered with a calm voice.  他以平静的声音回答。 He has to take sedatives to calm her nerves.  她必须服镇静剂来使她的神经镇定。 How do we calm it down?  我们怎样让他平静下来？ 【易错警示】calm, quiet, still与silent calm calm : 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming. quiet quiet : 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。Please keep quiet while I take your photograph. still still : 指平静而又安定的状态。His health has turned all the better for him after a still。 silent silent : 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。He was silent for a moment, and then began his answer. 考点19. human的用法 用法分析 human为名词，意为“人，人类”，做主语时，谓语用复数形式。 一些将看上去像人，而其他一部分可能看上去像蛇。 Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. 考点辨析 person, human, people （1）person是指个体的“人”，泛指一切人，包括男、女、老、幼，既有单数形式，也有复数形式。 我们需要有个人帮助我们。 We need a person to help us. （2）human表示区别于其他动物或神的“人，人类”。 机器人跟人一样聪明吗？Are robots as clever as humans? （3）people意为“人，人们，人民”，可用some, many等修饰，表示复数意义。people在句中用作主语时，谓语动词为复数形式。 公园里有许多人。 There are many people in the park. 考点20.change v. 变化，转变，改变；n. ①找回的零钱，找头；②[变化 We cannot change the past. 我们无法改变过去。 Water can change into water steam. 水可以变成水蒸气。 change into变成，把……变成…… Here is your change. 这是给你的零钱。 考点21. peaceful的用法 用法分析 peaceful做形容词，意为“和平的；安宁的”，用来形容环境。它是由名词peace加后缀-ful转化而来的形容词。 那位老人过着安宁的生活。 The old man has peaceful life. 他们在试图为这个问题找到一个和平的解决方法。They are trying to find a peaceful solution to the problem. After years of war, the people in the country are thirsty for C . A. price B. noise C. peace D. course 考点22.have to的用法 用法分析 have to/has to“必须；不得不”，表示客观上要做的事，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。 注意 have to强调客观条件需要做的事情，而must表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务、有必要去做某事。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净、整齐。 His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.他爷爷病了，不得不卧床。 特殊考点 have to用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。 -Must I hand in my homework today？我必须今天交家庭作业吗？ —No, you don't have to/needn't.不，你不必。 – ___B___ I finish my work now？ -No, you ______ .You can do it later. A. May；needn't B. Must；don't have to C. Can；couldn't 考点23.die的用法 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 His grandmother ___C___ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 考点24.avoid的用法 He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. 他意识到美国人几乎避免不了买中国制造的产品。 表示“避免”“回避”“躲避”，本身为及物动词，后直接跟宾语。如： I think she is avoiding me. 我认为她是在回避我。 后接动词时要用动名词。如： He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免被认出来。 有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。如： They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵墙防止土壤流失。 考点25.besides的用法 辨析except,besides, but 与except for Another example is that you're not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子，除了面包之外你不能用手直接拿东西吃，甚至是水果。 词汇 用法 例句 besides “除……之外，还有……”，包括在整体之内，besides后的词是增加的部分。 I have five other books besides this. 除这本书以外，我还有5本别的书。 except “将……排除在外”， 不包括在整体之内，常与all, everything, everybody, always等词连用。 We all went there except Li Hua. 除了李华以外，我们都去了那儿。 except for “除……之外”，表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，但它不表示同类事物之间的关系。 Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes. 你的文章写得很好，除了几处拼写错误以外。 but “除了……之外，什么也没有”，but后的词是仅有或存在的内容，通常nothing, nobody, no等表示否定含义的词连用。 There is nothing but a desk in the room. 房间里除了一张课桌外什么也没有。 考点26.south的用法 用法分析 south adj.南方的；n.南，南方。 湖南省在湖北省的南面。Hunan Province is on the south of Hubei Province. 小提示 表示方位的合成词：southeast东南，southwest西南，northeast东北，northwest西北。 Pandas usually live in the southwest of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的西南部。 固定搭配 south的固定搭配 South Africa 南非 South America 南美洲 the South Pole 南极 考点拓展 方位词及对应的形容词和名词： south n.南 southern adj.南方的 southerner n.南方人 north n.北 northern adj.北方的 northerner n.北方人 east n.东 eastern adj.东方的 easterner n.东方人 west n.西 western adj.西方的 westerner n.西方人 考点27.event的用法 用法分析 event名词，意为“大事；公开活动；比赛项目”，指重大活动、事件或具有历史意义的事件。 最后，他在比赛中获得了第一名。Finally, he won the first prize in the event. 考点拓展 accident指意外/偶发事件，多指不幸的事故或灾难。 Many people died in the accident. He was one of the persons alive.许多人在这次事故中丧生。他是幸存者之一。 考点28. too much的用法 用法分析 句中的too much意为“太多；过多”，在此为副词性短语，修饰动词talked，表示程度。 妈妈，不要过分担忧。Don’t worry too much, Mom. 考点辨析 much too, too much, too many, so many, so much much too 太 关键词为too，修饰形容词/副词 This dish is much too salty. 这道菜太咸了。 too much 太多 （的） 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词/动词 Today I have too much homework to do.今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。 Don’t speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。 too many 太多的 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。 so many 如此多 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 There are so many cars in the street here.这儿的大街上有如此多的车。 so much 如此多 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.食物太多了，我们吃不完。 My cousin is ___C___ heavy because he often eats ______ fast food. A. too much; too many B. too many; too much C. much too; too much D. too much; much too 考点29.lucky的用法 用法分析 “运气”不同 lucky形容词，幸运的，反义词unlucky不幸的 既可以做表语，也可以做定语 luckily副词，幸运地，反义词unluckily不幸地 通常放在句首，表示感慨或遗憾 luck名词，运气 good luck好运 用于祝福某人 bad luck！真倒霉 指运气不佳 有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number. 幸运的是，没有人在这场事故中受伤。Luckily, no one was hurt in this accident. 祝你好运。Good luck to you. There was a car accident on Xinhua Road yesterday ___B___ , nobody was hurt. A. Lucky B. Luckily C. Unlucky D. Unluckily 考点30.plan的用法 用法分析plan v.&.n.意为“计划”。 plan透视 动词 plan to do sth.意为“计划/打算做某事” 现在分词planning 过去式planned 名词 make a plan for意为“为……制订计划” make a plan to do sth.意为“制订计划去做某事” 时态 常用进行时表达将来时 You should make a plan for your studies.你应该制订一个学习计划。 We are planning to visit the zoo tomorrow.我们计划明天去参观动物园。 We plan to build a new building here.我们计划在这儿建一座新楼。 -What are you going to do tonight？ -I plan ___C___ Days of Our Past. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 考点31.prepare的用法 prepare的搭配 prepare sth. 准备某物/事 prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepare for… 为……做准备 be prepared against sth. 对……做好准备（指不好的事情） prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备 They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。 The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正忙着准备期末考试。 We must be prepared against war.我们必须备战。 To prepare ___B___ a big exam, the students in Class 2 are all working hard. A. in B. for C. about D. of 考点32. so that的用法 用法分析 so that意为“以便，为了，为的是”，引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中常使用can/could/may/might /will/should/shall等情态动词或助动词。so that还可以引导结果状语从句，前面常用逗号隔开，意为“所以”。 我们早早地出发以便能按时到达。We set out early so that we can arrive on time. =We set out early in order that we can arrive on time. 他起得早，所以赶上了早班公交车。He got up early so that he caught the early bus. 考点拓展so...that...意为“如此……以至于”，so修饰形容词或副词原级，that引导结果状语从句。 The computer is so expensive that I can't afford it.这台电脑太贵了，以至于我买不起。 根据汉语意思完成句子 我们应该学好英语，以便能向世界讲述中国故事。 We should learn English well so that we can tell China stories to the world. 1． 语法精讲 一．现在进行时 一、基本用法 1.现在进行时的意义和构成形式 现在进行时表示现在或说话的瞬间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，构成形式： “主语+be（is/am/are）+动词现在分词+其他”。be为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 主语 be 现在分词 第一人称单数 am v.+-ing 第三人称单数 is 第二人称单数 are 所有人称复数 The students of Class Two are singing.二班的学生正在唱歌。 She is putting on a yellow sweater.她正在穿一件黄毛衣。 I am looking at the blackboard.我正在看黑板。 2.现在进行时的句型 肯定句式：主语+be（am,is,are）+现在分词+其他.。 否定句式：主语+be（am,is,are）+not+现在分词+其他.。 一般疑问句：Be（Am,ls,Are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am,is,are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ 二、特殊用法 常用的标志词：now现在，look看，listen听，these days这些天，at the moment此刻，just正好，at present目前等。 Listen！She is singing an English song.听！她正在唱英语歌。 We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 It's 6:30 now.I am getting up.现在是6:30。我正在起床。 三、难点突破 1.当句子中有now, at the moment（此刻，现在）时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 We're far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment？我们现在离家远。我们的父母此刻在做什么呢？ 2.以look,listen开头的句子，或出现Can't you see？等暗示提示动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen！The bird is singing in the tree.听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 Look！What is she looking for？看！她在找什么？ Many children are swimming in the river.Can't you see？许多小孩在河里游泳。你难道看不见吗？ 3.表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are working in the factory these days.这些天我们正在这个工厂工作。 4.描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时. Look at the picture.The children are flying kite in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园里放风筝。 5.根据上下文的暗示，句子可能用现在进行时。 —Where is Mr.Green？格林先生在哪儿？ —Oh,he is reading a newspaper in the office.噢，他正在办公室看报。 6.某些动词的现在进行时表示计划或即将发生的动作。 I am coming to see you next week.下周我来看你。 She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.明天她打算去上海。 7.表示现阶段频繁发生的动作，常与 always等词连用。 He is always asking me the same question.他总是问我同一个问题。 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别 一般现在时 现在进行时 意义 经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态或自然现象。 说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作或现阶段一直进行的动作。 谓语动词 be动词am,is,are；have的一般现在时形式：have,has；其他行为动词的一般现在时形式：动词原形或第三人称单数形式。 am/s/are+动词的-ing形式。 时间状语 always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day.on Sunday,in the morning/afternoon/ evening等。 Now,these days, this week. at the moment等，有时句首有“Look！”，“Listen！”或“It's+时刻”等。 感情色彩 往往不带任何感情色彩，语气比较肯定。 常带有一定的感情色彩，并多与always等副词连用。 【巩固练习】 一 一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Who's___singing___（sing）in the next room now？ 2.Look！They___are running___（run）on the playground. 3.They___aren't cleaning___（not,clean）the classroom now. 4.We are___leaving___（leave）for Beijing tomorrow. 5.—Is that boy Jack？ —No,Jack is___doing___（do）his homework in the classroom. 6.Look！A lot of students___are playing___（play）soccer. 7.Listen！Someone___is singing___（sing）in the classroom. 8.—Where is Zhang Yan？ —She___is talking___（talk） with her teacher in the teacher’s office. 9.She is always___asking___（ask）me the same question. 10.What___is___ your mother___doing___（do）now？ 二．一般将来时 一、基本用法 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow，next week，next month，in 100 years，before long，soon，in the future，some day等。 1.“will或shall+动词原形”表示纯粹将来发生的事情、征求对方的意见或客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。 The rain will stop soon.雨很快就要停了。 Shall we take a taxi or a bus to the park？我们是乘出租车还是乘公共汽车去公园？ Will you please open the door？请你把门打开，好吗？ 2.“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，就要”。 We're going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门外见面。 Look！It's going to rain.瞧！快下雨了。 二、特殊用法 1.表示位置移动的动词（如：go，come，leave，start，arrive等），用现在进行时表示将来。 Uncle Wang is coming soon.王叔叔不久就要来了。 They're leaving for Beijing.他们即将前往北京。 2.根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 She will telephone you as soon as she arrives in Beijing.她一到达北京就会给你打电话。 三、难点突破 1.There be句型的一般将来时的肯定结构： There will be+名词+其他成分/There is /are going to be+名词+其他成分。 There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.明天上午有个会议。 2.There be句型的一般将来时的否定结构：There won't be+名词+其他成分.。 There won't be rain tomorrow.明天不会下雨。 3.There be句型的一般将来时的一般疑问句结构及其回答：Will there be+名词+其他成分？肯定回答：Yes, there will.，否定回答：No, there won't.。 -Will there be schools in the future？将来有学校吗？ -Yes, there will./No, there won't.是的，有。/不，没有。 4.There be句型的一般将来时的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+will there be+名词+其他成分？ When will there be a chance for us to meet？我们什么时候才有机会见面？ 5.There be句型的一般将来时的反意疑问句：There won't be+名词十其他成分，will there？/There will be+名词+其他成分，won't there？ There won't be any meeting this Friday, will there？这周五没有任何会议，是不是？ 【巩固练习】 一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1 We shall go（go）to the park this Sunday. 2 If it doesn't rain this Saturday, we will go（go）for a picnic. 3 They are leaving（leave）for London tomorrow. 4 I won’t（not）go there if it rains tomorrow. 5 There will be（be）more buildings in our city in twenty years. 二.单项填空 6 Michael ___C___ in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. was teaching 7 -Have you watched the new movie, Joe？ -No, I ___D___ it with my sister this evening. A. watch B. are watching C. watched D. will watch 8 -Do you know when Mrs. White ___A___ for dinner this evening？ -No, but I think she ______ when she is free. A. will come；will come B. will come；comes C. comes；will come 9 The TV news reports that there ___C___ a storm the day after tomorrow. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 10 -We ___D___ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday. -That's amazing！ A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go 二．写作精讲 　描述天气 本单元的话题是“天气”，与单元话题相关的写作内容常常是某地一年四季的天气情况，描述天气的同时还可以与人们的日常活动结合起来，如晴天适合什么活动，雨天适合什么活动，雪天适合什么活动等。也可以从四个季节的天气优缺点的情况来描述，如每个季节的注意事项等，合理使用描述天气的动词或形容词sunny /cloudy /windy /rainy /snowy /stormy/foggy等。正确使用描述天气的形容词warm,cool, hot,cold,wet,dry等。 如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式： ※常用的词汇 weather天气，spring春天，summer夏天，autumn秋天，winter冬天，season季节， short短的，long长的，river河，strong强烈的，favorite最喜欢的，want to do sth.想做某事，go swimming去游泳，go skating去滑冰 ※常用的句型句式 What's the weather like？天气怎么样？ It's sunny/snowy...天气晴朗/下雪了…… The weather here is...and...这儿的天气是……和…… Let me tell you something about the weather here.让我告诉你这里的天气情况。 ※常用开头结尾句 Welcome to...欢迎来到…… Do you know what the weather is like here？你知道这里的天气怎么样吗？ Do you want to know the weather in Beijing？你想知道北京的天气吗？ I like swimming,so summer is my favorite season.我喜欢游泳，所以夏天是我最喜欢的季节。 I am looking forward to meeting you soon.我期待不久见到你。 例题精讲 假如你是李明，一位美国的老师Mr.Brown准备来中国任教，他向你打听北京的天气情况，请你写信告诉他，北京春天暖和多风，夏天炎热，可以游泳，有时候下大雨，秋天干燥凉爽，冬天冷，可以滑冰，有时候有风，不过下雪可以堆雪人。 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。80词左右。 Dear Mr.Brown, Welcome to Beijing.____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to meeting you soon. Yours, Li Ming 思路点拨 开篇点题 Welcome to...，tell you something about the weather 具体介绍 spring:short,warm, windy summer:hot,go swimming,rains autumn:ve ry dry and cool winter:cold,snows,windy make a snowman,go skating 期待见面 look forward to meeting you 范文赏析 Dear Mr.Brown , Welcome to Beijing.I am Li Ming.You want to know about the weather in Beijing.Now let me tell you something about the weather here. In Beijing,spring is usually short and warm.But it is often windy.In summer,it's very hot.You can go swimming.But it sometimes rains heavily.In autumn,it's very dry and cool.In winter,it's very cold,and sometimes it snows and there is strong wind. So children like the season.They can make a snowman with their friends.They can also go skating. I am looking forward to meeting you soon. Yours, Li Ming 【经典练】 　　冬季时到哈尔滨旅游是一件令人兴奋的事情。假设你是Mike,你现在正和家人一起在哈尔滨旅游。请根据以下提示写一篇文章,描述你们现在正在做的事情以及明天打算要做的事情。 提示词语:holiday, weather, cold, happy, snow 提示问题:●Where are you now? ●What are you doing at the moment? ●What are you going to do tomorrow? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My name is Mike. I'm on holiday in Harbin with my parents. It is winter now. The weather here is cold and snowy. Although the weather is very cold today, I am so happy to see the white world. My father and I are skating on the ice. My mother is making a snowman. Tomorrow my parents are going to take me to a special exhibition. We can see some beautiful artworks made of ice and snow. I'm looking forward to going to the exhibition. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit3 Rain or Shine 话题 Rain or Shine 词汇 snowy，rainy，international，high，whatever，picnic，indoor，few ，hold ，affect，behave ， die，avoid，accident ，change，plan ，besides ，able，calm ，peaceful ，lucky 短语 fly a kite.， have a picnic，stay at home，a few，enjoying themselves，start off，be able to， take an umbrella，not only ...but also ,prepare for,find out 句型 1.Some kids are building snowmen. Others are playing in the snow. It’s fun！ 2.There are only a few people outside now and they're all holding umbrellas. 3.They are enjoying themselves. 4.A few are haying picnics and children are playing games. 5.Weather affects not only humans, but also animals and plants. 6.Birds do not sing much on windy days and some insects may behave differently before it rains. Many plants even die at low temperatures. 7.Weather affects our lives in many other ways. 8.We can't change the weather, but we can prepare for it. 9.it's easy to find out about the weather on the internet. 语法 1.现在进行时 2.一般将来时 写作 描述天气 考点1.对天气提问的用法 用法分析 How's the weather...？相当于 What is the weather like...？意为“……天气怎么样？”，用来询问天气状况。其答语常是：It's sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/hot/snowy /cold/warm/cool...等。 —What is the weather like in your hometown？你家乡天气怎么样？ —It's rainy.有雨。 —How is the weather today？今天天气怎么样？ —It's cloudy.多云。 注意（1）weather意为“天气”，不可数名词，特别在感叹句中weather前面不能加冠词a/an。What bad weather it is！多么糟糕的天气啊！ （2）weather的同音词为 whether“是否”，引导宾语从句。 —What will the weather be like tomorrow？ —It will be______. A.rain B.rainy C.raining D.to rain 考点2.temperature的用法 用法分析 temperature名词，意为“温度；气温；体温”。 固定搭配 have/run a temperature发烧，take one’s temperature 量体温。 I’m running a temperature and I have a headache.我在发烧而且头痛。 Tom is ill. He is taking his temperature now.汤姆生病了。他现在在量体温。 注意 temperature温度，一般用high和low形容温度的高、低。 It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd,the ______ in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development 考点3.考点辨析 little，a little，few，a few 修饰不可数名词 little “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 There is little milk in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little “有一些；有一点”，表示肯定的意义。 I know a little English.我知道点英语 修饰可数名词 few “几乎没有”，表示否定的概念。 I feel lonely, because I have few friends.我感到很孤独，因为我几乎没有朋友 a few “有一些；有几个”，表示肯定的意义。 Today I eat a few apples.今天我吃了几个苹果。 特殊考点 在反意疑问句中，陈述部分有few，little，no，nothing，nobody，never，seldom，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。 1.-Would you like to have some tea？ -No, thanks. There is ______ in my cup. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 考点4.whenever的用法 用法分析（1）whenever意为“无论何时”，相当于 no matter when。 无论何时我们遇到困难，他们总来帮助我们。Whenever/No matter when we met with difficulties, they came to help us. （2）when ever意为“究竟何时”，相当于 when on earth. 你究竟是什么时候丢了自行车的？ When ever did you lose your bike? —Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs. Liu？ —Yes, she always encouraged us and gave us support we met difficulties. A. whenever B. whatever C. however 考点5.shine的用法 用法分析 shine为动词，意为“发光；照耀”，其过去式和过去分词为shone/shined，现在分词为shining。 灯光正照在他的眼睛上，他什么也看不见。The light was shining in his eyes and he could not see. 词形转换shine v. 发光，照耀→ shine n. 光亮，光泽→ shiny adj. 有光泽的，发亮的。 考点6.bright的用法 用法分析 本句中的 bright为副词，意为“光亮地；明亮地”，通常与动词burn, shine连用，可与brightly互换。 星光闪烁。 The stars were shining bright. 考点拓展 bright为形容词时，意为“明亮的；光线充足的；聪明的（相当于clever）”，其副词形式为brightly. 孩子们在明亮的月光下跳舞。 The children are dancing in the bright moonlight. —Did you watch 2023CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Liangshan? —Certainly. Its theme was "fire"; at night the sky over Xichang was as as that in the day with the light of fire. A. bright B. brightly C. brighter D. more brightly 考点7.wind的用法 用法分析 wind n.风。 北京的风很大。There is a strong wind in Bejing. 注意 windy adj.有风的，做表语或定语。 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 It is w___ __ now. I’m afraid it is going to rain soon. 考点8.enjoy的用法 用法分析 enjoy表示“享受……的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱”，后接名词/反身代词/动名词，不可接动词不定式。 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快。 我爸爸喜欢钓鱼。My father enjoys fishing. 你在宴会上玩得愉快吗？Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ 特殊考点 后接 doing做宾语的动词 enjoy,finish,practice,mind,consider. miss 后接 doing做宾语的动词短语 be busy,look forward to, be used to,can't help,give up,feel like,keep on Can you finish reading the book in three days？你能在三天内读完这本书吗？ Some people enjoy______ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. A.to send B.send C.sending D.sent 考点9.fun的用法 用法分析 fun做形容词，意为“有趣的，使人快乐的”；用于名词前做定语。 It's a really fun day! 真是有趣的一天！ 考点拓展 fun可做不可数名词，意为“乐趣，快乐”。 固定搭配（1）or fun闹着玩地，为了好玩。 Most students use the Internet just for fun not for homework.大多数学生上网是为了娱乐，不是为了作业。 （2）have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快。have fun with sb.和某人玩得开心、过得愉快。have fun doing stb.表示“做某事感到有乐趣、开心”，动词用-ing形式。 Quancheng Park is a good place to have fun.泉城公园是一个很好玩的地方。 We have fun playing sports together.我们一起做运动很开心。 注意 have fun后接动词时，只能使用v.-ing形式。 小提示have fun作为祝福语，相当于have a good time，表示“祝你玩得愉快、过得高兴”。 —I‘m going to Ann's birthday party. Bye, mom. —_______, Jack! A. Have fun B. No problem C. Best wishes D. Take care 考点10.other的用法 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and______is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others 考点11.outside的用法 用法分析 outside副词，意为“在外面，在户外”，其反义词为 inside。 进来。外面雨下得很大。Come in.It is raining hard outside. 考点拓展 outside adj.外部的，外面的；prep.在……外面；n.外表，外部。 The outside of an orange is bitter,but the inside is sweet.橘子皮有点苦，但里面是甜的。 I heard a strange sound outside.我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音。 考题预测 —What a nice day today！ —Yeah.let's take a walk______. A.outside B.inside C.behind D.in 考点12.考点辨析 spend，take，pay，cost “花费”各不同 spend的主语为人 spent...（in）doing sth.做某事花费时间、 金钱,spent...on sth.在…….花费时间、金钱 take用形式主语it It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一些时间去做某事。 pay的主语为人 sb+ pay + some money + for sth. 某人为某物花费金钱 cost的主语为物 sth. cost sb. some money某物花了某人多少钱 I usually spend an hour （in）reading English every morning.每天早上我通常花1小时时间读英语。 It takes me ten minutes to go to school by bus.我上学乘公共汽车需要花费10分钟。 I have paid much money for the computer.我买这台电脑花了很多钱。 The watch cost me 300 yuan.我花了300元买了这块手表。 -Have you finished your homework, Sue？ -Yes. It ______ me an hour to do it. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid 考点13. remember的用法 用法分析 remember动词“记住；记起”，后跟名词、代词或名词性从句。反义词：forget忘记。 我记不起来我在什么地方见过她。I don't remember where I met her. 我现在想不起来他的地址了。I can't remember his address now. 考点辨析 remember doing sth., remember to do sth. remember doing sth. 记得（已经）做过某事，表示事情已经做了。 remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事，表示事情还没做。 I remember posting the letter for her.我记得已经替她把信寄了。 Remember to post the letter for her.记住替她寄这封信。 I remembered putting the keys in the bag.我记得把钥匙放在包里了。 特殊考点 与remember用法类似的结构：forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事（动作已发生），forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（动作没发生）。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事，stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。 —Don't forget to take medicine,Tony.托尼，不要忘了吃药。 —Mum,I remembered taking it after lunch.妈妈，我记得午饭后吃过药了。 Remember______ some fruit when you come back. A.buying B.to buy C.buy 考点14.rain的用法 用法分析rain做动词为“下雨”，做不可数名词为“雨水”，当修饰雨大/雨小时用hard（heavy）/light，不可以用 large/small。 昨晚下了一场大雨。There was a heavy rain last night. 天在下大雨。It is raining heavily/hard. 考点拓展 “雨”中各不同 a heavy/light rain 一场大/小雨（rain为名词） rain heavily/hard 下大雨（rain为动词） rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨（夸张说法） rainy形容词 下雨的；多雨的 Come in.It is raining hard outside.进来。外面雨下得很大。 Summer is a rainy season in the south of China.在中国南方，夏季是一个多雨的季节。 It is raining cats and dogs outside.We have to stay at home.外面在下倾盆大雨。我们不得不待在家里。 固定搭配 含“rainy”短语 rainy weather 多雨的天气 a rainy day 雨天 the rainy season 雨季 注意 修饰风大用 strong/strongly。 The wind is blowing strongly.风刮得很大。 —Look！It's raining______. —That's right.The rain is too______to go shopping. A.heavily；heavy B.heavily；heavily C.heavy；heavy D.heavy；heavily 考点15.sunny的用法 用法分析 sunny adj.阳光充足的，晴天的。 今天天气晴朗。The weather is sunny today. 注意 sun→sunny由名词变为形容词时，注意要双写n再加y，因为sun是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节。 考点拓展“名词十（n）y”构成的表示天气的形容词有：wind（风）+y→ windy有风的；cloud（云）+y→cloudy多云的；snow（雪）+y→snowy有雪的；rain（雨）+y→rainy下雨的；sun（太阳）+y→sunny晴朗的（双写n）；ice（冰）+y→icy冰冻的（去掉e）；fog（雾）+y→foggy多雾的（双写g）。 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 The weather is______today.Let's go bike riding in the countryside. 考点16. able adj. 有能力的，能够 I am able to speak some English now. 我现在能说一些英语。 be able to do sth有能力(或办法、机会)做某事 【易错警示】be able to与can be able to be able to 表示经过努力而具备的能力，可用于各种时态。例如： I haven't been able to sleep recently. 最近我睡不着觉。 I am able to express my idea in a clear way. 我能清楚地表达自己的想法。 can can表示本身有做某事的能力，只有现在式（can）和过去式（could）两种。例如： I can finish the work in three days. 我可以在三天内完成这项工作。 考点17.behave v. 表现，举止 How did you behave? 你又是如何表现的？ Behave yourself! 请规矩点！ behave oneself使举止规矩 behaviour n. [U] 行为，举止 考点18.calm adj. 静的，平静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇定vi. 平静下来；镇定下来 He answered with a calm voice.  他以平静的声音回答。 He has to take sedatives to calm her nerves.  她必须服镇静剂来使她的神经镇定。 How do we calm it down?  我们怎样让他平静下来？ 【易错警示】calm, quiet, still与silent calm calm : 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming. quiet quiet : 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。Please keep quiet while I take your photograph. still still : 指平静而又安定的状态。His health has turned all the better for him after a still。 silent silent : 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。He was silent for a moment, and then began his answer. 考点19. human的用法 用法分析 human为名词，意为“人，人类”，做主语时，谓语用复数形式。 一些将看上去像人，而其他一部分可能看上去像蛇。 Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. 考点辨析 person, human, people （1）person是指个体的“人”，泛指一切人，包括男、女、老、幼，既有单数形式，也有复数形式。 我们需要有个人帮助我们。 We need a person to help us. （2）human表示区别于其他动物或神的“人，人类”。 机器人跟人一样聪明吗？Are robots as clever as humans? （3）people意为“人，人们，人民”，可用some, many等修饰，表示复数意义。people在句中用作主语时，谓语动词为复数形式。 公园里有许多人。 There are many people in the park. 考点20.change v. 变化，转变，改变；n. ①找回的零钱，找头；②[变化 We cannot change the past. 我们无法改变过去。 Water can change into water steam. 水可以变成水蒸气。 change into变成，把……变成…… Here is your change. 这是给你的零钱。 考点21. peaceful的用法 用法分析 peaceful做形容词，意为“和平的；安宁的”，用来形容环境。它是由名词peace加后缀-ful转化而来的形容词。 那位老人过着安宁的生活。 The old man has peaceful life. 他们在试图为这个问题找到一个和平的解决方法。They are trying to find a peaceful solution to the problem. After years of war, the people in the country are thirsty for . A. price B. noise C. peace D. course 考点22.have to的用法 用法分析 have to/has to“必须；不得不”，表示客观上要做的事，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。 注意 have to强调客观条件需要做的事情，而must表示说话人的主观看法，认为有义务、有必要去做某事。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净、整齐。 His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.他爷爷病了，不得不卧床。 特殊考点 have to用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。 -Must I hand in my homework today？我必须今天交家庭作业吗？ —No, you don't have to/needn't.不，你不必。 – ______ I finish my work now？ -No, you ______ .You can do it later. A. May；needn't B. Must；don't have to C. Can；couldn't 考点23.die的用法 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 His grandmother ______ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 考点24.avoid的用法 He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. 他意识到美国人几乎避免不了买中国制造的产品。 表示“避免”“回避”“躲避”，本身为及物动词，后直接跟宾语。如： I think she is avoiding me. 我认为她是在回避我。 后接动词时要用动名词。如： He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免被认出来。 有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。如： They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵墙防止土壤流失。 考点25.besides的用法 辨析except,besides, but 与except for Another example is that you're not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子，除了面包之外你不能用手直接拿东西吃，甚至是水果。 词汇 用法 例句 besides “除……之外，还有……”，包括在整体之内，besides后的词是增加的部分。 I have five other books besides this. 除这本书以外，我还有5本别的书。 except “将……排除在外”， 不包括在整体之内，常与all, everything, everybody, always等词连用。 We all went there except Li Hua. 除了李华以外，我们都去了那儿。 except for “除……之外”，表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，但它不表示同类事物之间的关系。 Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes. 你的文章写得很好，除了几处拼写错误以外。 but “除了……之外，什么也没有”，but后的词是仅有或存在的内容，通常nothing, nobody, no等表示否定含义的词连用。 There is nothing but a desk in the room. 房间里除了一张课桌外什么也没有。 考点26.south的用法 用法分析 south adj.南方的；n.南，南方。 湖南省在湖北省的南面。Hunan Province is on the south of Hubei Province. 小提示 表示方位的合成词：southeast东南，southwest西南，northeast东北，northwest西北。 Pandas usually live in the southwest of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的西南部。 固定搭配 south的固定搭配 South Africa 南非 South America 南美洲 the South Pole 南极 考点拓展 方位词及对应的形容词和名词： south n.南 southern adj.南方的 southerner n.南方人 north n.北 northern adj.北方的 northerner n.北方人 east n.东 eastern adj.东方的 easterner n.东方人 west n.西 western adj.西方的 westerner n.西方人 考点27.event的用法 用法分析 event名词，意为“大事；公开活动；比赛项目”，指重大活动、事件或具有历史意义的事件。 最后，他在比赛中获得了第一名。Finally, he won the first prize in the event. 考点拓展 accident指意外/偶发事件，多指不幸的事故或灾难。 Many people died in the accident. He was one of the persons alive.许多人在这次事故中丧生。他是幸存者之一。 考点28. too much的用法 用法分析 句中的too much意为“太多；过多”，在此为副词性短语，修饰动词talked，表示程度。 妈妈，不要过分担忧。Don’t worry too much, Mom. 考点辨析 much too, too much, too many, so many, so much much too 太 关键词为too，修饰形容词/副词 This dish is much too salty. 这道菜太咸了。 too much 太多 （的） 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词/动词 Today I have too much homework to do.今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。 Don’t speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。 too many 太多的 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。 so many 如此多 关键词为many，修饰复数名词 There are so many cars in the street here.这儿的大街上有如此多的车。 so much 如此多 关键词为much，修饰不可数名词 There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all.食物太多了，我们吃不完。 My cousin is ______ heavy because he often eats ______ fast food. A. too much; too many B. too many; too much C. much too; too much D. too much; much too 考点29.lucky的用法 用法分析 “运气”不同 lucky形容词，幸运的，反义词unlucky不幸的 既可以做表语，也可以做定语 luckily副词，幸运地，反义词unluckily不幸地 通常放在句首，表示感慨或遗憾 luck名词，运气 good luck好运 用于祝福某人 bad luck！真倒霉 指运气不佳 有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number. 幸运的是，没有人在这场事故中受伤。Luckily, no one was hurt in this accident. 祝你好运。Good luck to you. There was a car accident on Xinhua Road yesterday ______ , nobody was hurt. A. Lucky B. Luckily C. Unlucky D. Unluckily 考点30.plan的用法 用法分析plan v.&.n.意为“计划”。 plan透视 动词 plan to do sth.意为“计划/打算做某事” 现在分词planning 过去式planned 名词 make a plan for意为“为……制订计划” make a plan to do sth.意为“制订计划去做某事” 时态 常用进行时表达将来时 You should make a plan for your studies.你应该制订一个学习计划。 We are planning to visit the zoo tomorrow.我们计划明天去参观动物园。 We plan to build a new building here.我们计划在这儿建一座新楼。 -What are you going to do tonight？ -I plan ______ Days of Our Past. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 考点31.prepare的用法 prepare的搭配 prepare sth. 准备某物/事 prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepare for… 为……做准备 be prepared against sth. 对……做好准备（指不好的事情） prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备 They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。 The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正忙着准备期末考试。 We must be prepared against war.我们必须备战。 To prepare ______ a big exam, the students in Class 2 are all working hard. A. in B. for C. about D. of 考点32. so that的用法 用法分析 so that意为“以便，为了，为的是”，引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中常使用can/could/may/might /will/should/shall等情态动词或助动词。so that还可以引导结果状语从句，前面常用逗号隔开，意为“所以”。 我们早早地出发以便能按时到达。We set out early so that we can arrive on time. =We set out early in order that we can arrive on time. 他起得早，所以赶上了早班公交车。He got up early so that he caught the early bus. 考点拓展so...that...意为“如此……以至于”，so修饰形容词或副词原级，that引导结果状语从句。 The computer is so expensive that I can't afford it.这台电脑太贵了，以至于我买不起。 根据汉语意思完成句子 我们应该学好英语，以便能向世界讲述中国故事。 We should learn English well we can tell China stories to the world. 1． 语法精讲 一．现在进行时 一、基本用法 1.现在进行时的意义和构成形式 现在进行时表示现在或说话的瞬间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，构成形式： “主语+be（is/am/are）+动词现在分词+其他”。be为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 主语 be 现在分词 第一人称单数 am v.+-ing 第三人称单数 is 第二人称单数 are 所有人称复数 The students of Class Two are singing.二班的学生正在唱歌。 She is putting on a yellow sweater.她正在穿一件黄毛衣。 I am looking at the blackboard.我正在看黑板。 2.现在进行时的句型 肯定句式：主语+be（am,is,are）+现在分词+其他.。 否定句式：主语+be（am,is,are）+not+现在分词+其他.。 一般疑问句：Be（Am,ls,Are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am,is,are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ 二、特殊用法 常用的标志词：now现在，look看，listen听，these days这些天，at the moment此刻，just正好，at present目前等。 Listen！She is singing an English song.听！她正在唱英语歌。 We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 It's 6:30 now.I am getting up.现在是6:30。我正在起床。 三、难点突破 1.当句子中有now, at the moment（此刻，现在）时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 We're far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment？我们现在离家远。我们的父母此刻在做什么呢？ 2.以look,listen开头的句子，或出现Can't you see？等暗示提示动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen！The bird is singing in the tree.听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 Look！What is she looking for？看！她在找什么？ Many children are swimming in the river.Can't you see？许多小孩在河里游泳。你难道看不见吗？ 3.表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are working in the factory these days.这些天我们正在这个工厂工作。 4.描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时. Look at the picture.The children are flying kite in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园里放风筝。 5.根据上下文的暗示，句子可能用现在进行时。 —Where is Mr.Green？格林先生在哪儿？ —Oh,he is reading a newspaper in the office.噢，他正在办公室看报。 6.某些动词的现在进行时表示计划或即将发生的动作。 I am coming to see you next week.下周我来看你。 She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.明天她打算去上海。 7.表示现阶段频繁发生的动作，常与 always等词连用。 He is always asking me the same question.他总是问我同一个问题。 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别 一般现在时 现在进行时 意义 经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态或自然现象。 说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作或现阶段一直进行的动作。 谓语动词 be动词am,is,are；have的一般现在时形式：have,has；其他行为动词的一般现在时形式：动词原形或第三人称单数形式。 am/s/are+动词的-ing形式。 时间状语 always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day.on Sunday,in the morning/afternoon/ evening等。 Now,these days, this week. at the moment等，有时句首有“Look！”，“Listen！”或“It's+时刻”等。 感情色彩 往往不带任何感情色彩，语气比较肯定。 常带有一定的感情色彩，并多与always等副词连用。 【巩固练习】 一 一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Who's___ __（sing）in the next room now？ 2.Look！They______ _____（run）on the playground. 3.They______ ____（not,clean）the classroom now. 4.We are______ _____（leave）for Beijing tomorrow. 5.—Is that boy Jack？ —No,Jack is______ _____（do）his homework in the classroom. 6.Look！A lot of students______ _____（play）soccer. 7.Listen！Someone______ _____（sing）in the classroom. 8.—Where is Zhang Yan？ —She______ _____（talk） with her teacher in the teacher’s office. 9.She is always______ _____（ask）me the same question. 10.What______ _____ your mother______ _____（do）now？ 二．一般将来时 一、基本用法 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow，next week，next month，in 100 years，before long，soon，in the future，some day等。 1.“will或shall+动词原形”表示纯粹将来发生的事情、征求对方的意见或客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。 The rain will stop soon.雨很快就要停了。 Shall we take a taxi or a bus to the park？我们是乘出租车还是乘公共汽车去公园？ Will you please open the door？请你把门打开，好吗？ 2.“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，就要”。 We're going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门外见面。 Look！It's going to rain.瞧！快下雨了。 二、特殊用法 1.表示位置移动的动词（如：go，come，leave，start，arrive等），用现在进行时表示将来。 Uncle Wang is coming soon.王叔叔不久就要来了。 They're leaving for Beijing.他们即将前往北京。 2.根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 She will telephone you as soon as she arrives in Beijing.她一到达北京就会给你打电话。 三、难点突破 1.There be句型的一般将来时的肯定结构： There will be+名词+其他成分/There is /are going to be+名词+其他成分。 There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.明天上午有个会议。 2.There be句型的一般将来时的否定结构：There won't be+名词+其他成分.。 There won't be rain tomorrow.明天不会下雨。 3.There be句型的一般将来时的一般疑问句结构及其回答：Will there be+名词+其他成分？肯定回答：Yes, there will.，否定回答：No, there won't.。 -Will there be schools in the future？将来有学校吗？ -Yes, there will./No, there won't.是的，有。/不，没有。 4.There be句型的一般将来时的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+will there be+名词+其他成分？ When will there be a chance for us to meet？我们什么时候才有机会见面？ 5.There be句型的一般将来时的反意疑问句：There won't be+名词十其他成分，will there？/There will be+名词+其他成分，won't there？ There won't be any meeting this Friday, will there？这周五没有任何会议，是不是？ 【巩固练习】 一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1 We shall ___ __（go）to the park this Sunday. 2 If it doesn't rain this Saturday, we ___ __（go）for a picnic. 3 They are ___ __（leave）for London tomorrow. 4 I ___ __（not）go there if it rains tomorrow. 5 There will ___ __（be）more buildings in our city in twenty years. 二.单项填空 6 Michael ______ in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. was teaching 7 -Have you watched the new movie, Joe？ -No, I ______ it with my sister this evening. A. watch B. are watching C. watched D. will watch 8 -Do you know when Mrs. White ______ for dinner this evening？ -No, but I think she ______ when she is free. A. will come；will come B. will come；comes C. comes；will come 9 The TV news reports that there ______ a storm the day after tomorrow. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 10 -We ______ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday. -That's amazing！ A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go 二．写作精讲 　描述天气 本单元的话题是“天气”，与单元话题相关的写作内容常常是某地一年四季的天气情况，描述天气的同时还可以与人们的日常活动结合起来，如晴天适合什么活动，雨天适合什么活动，雪天适合什么活动等。也可以从四个季节的天气优缺点的情况来描述，如每个季节的注意事项等，合理使用描述天气的动词或形容词sunny /cloudy /windy /rainy /snowy /stormy/foggy等。正确使用描述天气的形容词warm,cool, hot,cold,wet,dry等。 如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式： ※常用的词汇 weather天气，spring春天，summer夏天，autumn秋天，winter冬天，season季节， short短的，long长的，river河，strong强烈的，favorite最喜欢的，want to do sth.想做某事，go swimming去游泳，go skating去滑冰 ※常用的句型句式 What's the weather like？天气怎么样？ It's sunny/snowy...天气晴朗/下雪了…… The weather here is...and...这儿的天气是……和…… Let me tell you something about the weather here.让我告诉你这里的天气情况。 ※常用开头结尾句 Welcome to...欢迎来到…… Do you know what the weather is like here？你知道这里的天气怎么样吗？ Do you want to know the weather in Beijing？你想知道北京的天气吗？ I like swimming,so summer is my favorite season.我喜欢游泳，所以夏天是我最喜欢的季节。 I am looking forward to meeting you soon.我期待不久见到你。 例题精讲 假如你是李明，一位美国的老师Mr.Brown准备来中国任教，他向你打听北京的天气情况，请你写信告诉他，北京春天暖和多风，夏天炎热，可以游泳，有时候下大雨，秋天干燥凉爽，冬天冷，可以滑冰，有时候有风，不过下雪可以堆雪人。 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。80词左右。 Dear Mr.Brown, Welcome to Beijing.____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to meeting you soon. Yours, Li Ming 【经典练】 　　冬季时到哈尔滨旅游是一件令人兴奋的事情。假设你是Mike,你现在正和家人一起在哈尔滨旅游。请根据以下提示写一篇文章,描述你们现在正在做的事情以及明天打算要做的事情。 提示词语:holiday, weather, cold, happy, snow 提示问题:●Where are you now? ●What are you doing at the moment? ●What are you going to do tomorrow? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$