Unit 3 Diverse Cultures【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019必修第三册）

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures【单元卷•测试卷】 满分120分，时间100分钟 第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Weddings are one of life's biggest celebrations, and they are observed in just about every country and culture on the planet. Here are some wedding traditions from around the world. Scotland Scottish weddings usually include an ethnic handfasting(绑手礼) ceremony. During the ceremony, the bride(新娘) and bridegroom each hold a piece of cloth. These are carefully wound around the couple's joined hands. When they pull their hands apart, the pieces become tied into a knot(结)—a symbol of the new union. Germany Guests at a German wedding get to see an interesting sight: the newly married couple—still dressed in their suit and wedding dress—cutting a length of a tree in half with a two-person saw(锯). In this way, they show their ability to work as a team to face any challenge they will meet in life. Norway A Norwegian wedding cake is made up of progressively smaller layers of iced cake rings, which give the cake the shape of a Christmas tree. The inside is empty and has gifts or even a bottle of wine. The bride and bridegroom lift the top ring of the cake, and the number of layers that stick to it is said to represent the number of children they will have! England Brides in England typically select “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue” to wear for their big day. The modern practice comes from a traditional English song, and the things themselves represent protection, cheerfulness, good luck, and purity, respectively. Though the customs might be diverse, the feeling remains the same. Across the world, weddings are times to celebrate love, happiness, and family. 1.Why is a two-person saw used in the German wedding? A.To entertain the wedding guests.　　　 B.To mark the couple's united efforts. C.To represent the upcoming challenges.　　　 D.To keep the couple from hurting each other. 2.In which wedding do brides wear different things to represent different wishes? A.The Scottish wedding.　　　 B.The German wedding. C.The Norwegian wedding.　　　 D.The English wedding. 3.What does the text show about the wedding? A.Rules to follow.　　　 B.Ways to treat guests. C.Special customs.　　　 D.Cultural backgrounds. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的一些婚礼传统。 1.B　细节理解题。根据“Germany”部分的最后一句“In this way, they show their ability to work as a team to face any challenge they will meet in life.”可知,通过这种方式,他们展示了他们作为一个团队来面对生活中将会遇到的任何挑战的能力。所以,在德国婚礼上使用双人锯是为了表明这对新人的共同努力。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。根据“England”部分的介绍可知,在英格兰,新娘通常会在婚礼上挑选“旧的、新的、借来的和蓝色的东西”去穿戴,这种现代习俗来自一首传统的英文歌曲,这些东西本身分别代表着保护、快乐、好运和纯洁。所以,在英格兰婚礼上,新娘穿戴不同的东西来代表不同的祝愿。故选D。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Here are some wedding traditions from around the world.”可知,本文主要介绍了一些来自世界各地的婚礼传统。故选C。 B One day in elementary school, something occurred to me. A friend asked me “What are you eating?” as she glanced at my lunchbox. “It smells,” she said, her nose crinkling(起皱). I was eating bhindi roti, my favorite Indian snack, which my mom had packed for me. But feeling embarrassed for having a “smelly” lunch and wanting to escape, I quietly shut my lunchbox. That day, I went hungry. Most days after that, lunchtime at school felt like a battle. If I wasn't trying to hide my lunch or bite secretly when no one was looking, I'd insist on bringing in the same peanut butter and jelly sandwich as the other kids. My mom, who didn't grow up eating American food like chips, tried her best, but the sandwiches never looked or tasted as good as the food I enjoyed at home. I didn't know that I wasn't alone. Many kids with immigrant parents encounter(遭遇) what's known as “the lunchbox moment” at school: the experience of being judged for bringing in food considered culturally diverse and so being made to feel like an outsider. For this article, I talked with kids who could relate. But they also surprised me: They dealt with “the lunchbox moment” differently than I did. For example, Satya Singh, 6, who takes her mom's Indian cooking to lunch most days, told me that one day a classmate said that her aloo, or potatoes, looked like poop. Another time, someone said that the dal, or lentils, looked like puke. The next day, Satya brought enough dal to share with her entire class—and they loved it. “From then on”, she says, “my teacher at school made a rule: Don't yuck someone's yum.” Looking back, I wish I'd had the wisdom of Satya and offered my friend a bite of my lunch, or just told her it was delicious—especially because now, as an adult, I see that Indian food is universally accepted and loved by my friends. Some even try to cook Indian lentils or chickpeas at home! And when I'm hungry, guess what? I miss my mom's bhindi roti and her care in making it for me. Food is an expression of culture, tradition, family and love. And that's something to celebrate, not hide. 4.Why did the writer go hungry one day in elementary school? A.She didn't like her smelly lunch.　　　　　 B.Her classmates ate up her bhindi roti. C.Her mom didn't prepare lunch for her.　　　 D.She skipped her lunch to escape embarrassment. 5.What can we infer about the writer according to the passage? A.She enjoyed the lunchtime at school. B.Her parents are immigrants from India. C.She liked peanut butter and jelly sandwiches best. D.She would bite her bhindi roti quickly when someone was looking. 6.How did Satya deal with “the lunchbox moment”? A.She threw away her lunchbox. B.She asked her teacher to make a rule. C.She ate American food instead of her mom's Indian cooking. D.She brought more Indian cooking to share with her classmates. 7.What does the author want to tell us? A.Food is something to celebrate, not hide. B.Never should you yuck someone's yum in any case. C.Indian food is delicious and universally appreciated. D.The lunchbox moment is when one can taste different kinds of food. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章从作者小时候的亲身经历讲到移民家庭的孩子在学校吃自带午餐(印度菜)的困境,然后讲到6岁女孩Satya Singh怎么积极应对午餐时刻,最后指出食物是用来庆祝的,不是用来隐藏的。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But feeling embarrassed for having a ‘smelly’ lunch and wanting to escape, I quietly shut my lunchbox. That day, I went hungry.”可知,作者在小学时挨饿是由于为了逃避尴尬而未吃“有臭味的”午饭。故选D。 5.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I didn't know that I wasn't alone. Many kids with immigrant parents encounter what's known as ‘the lunchbox moment’ at school”可知,作者也是移民家庭的孩子;再根据第二段中的“I was eating bhindi roti, my favorite Indian snack, which my mom had packed for me.”可推断,作者的父母是来自印度的移民。故选B。 6.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The next day, Satya brought enough dal to share with her entire class...”可知,第二天,Satya带了足够的印度扁豆和全班同学分享。这就是Satya处理“午餐盒时刻”的方式。故选D。 7.A　推理判断题。 通读全文并结合文章结构可知,作者想告诉我们:食物是用来庆祝的,不是用来隐藏的。故选A。 C Specialists(专家) say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” occurs when they are talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. The specialists say that there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to get used to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more. There are some evident factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems—the telephone services, the Post Office, or the transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be the biggest problems. The language may be difficult. Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this or that way. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same positions as they had back home. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image. Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of helplessness. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security(安全). This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for a short time, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 8.What could happen when people move to a new country? A.They may get used to their new surroundings with difficulty. B.They may have well prepared for the new surroundings. C.They may get used to the culture of the country quickly. D.They may never be familiar with the culture of the country. 9.According to the passage, which of the following factors doesn't give rise to culture shock? A.The language.　　　 B.The weather conditions and customs. C.The public service systems.　　　 D.The homesickness. 10.According to the passage, who have the worst culture shock? A.People who are not successful at home.　　　 B.People who are very successful at home. C.People who earn much money abroad.　　　 D.People who are famous abroad. 11.According to the writer, what is the best way to overcome culture shock? A.To protect ourselves from the unfamiliar environment. B.To develop a strange sense of self-protection. C.To get familiar with the new culture. D.To return to our own country. ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当人们进入一个新的环境后,哪些因素会引起文化冲击,哪些人会感受到文化冲击,以及文化冲击的影响和应对方法。 8.A　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Specialists say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture.”和下文对文化冲击的三个阶段的陈述可知,当人们搬到一个新的国家时,他们可能很难适应新环境。故选A。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems...may be difficult to work out...The language may be difficult.”可知,天气条件、习俗、公共服务系统和语言都会引起文化冲击,所以A、B、C三项可排除。故选D。 10.B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country.”可知,最能感受到文化冲击的人是在自己国家中从未遇到过任何困难的人,由此可推测,在国内很成功的人最能感受到文化冲击。故选B。 11.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句“Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.”可知,熟悉新环境、获得经验是长远解决文化冲击的办法,也就是说解决文化冲击的最好办法是熟悉新文化。故选C。 D One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions. Here are some diverse customs from around the world. An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries that don't tip at all or that only tip in small amounts when the food is particularly good, tipping is actually mandatory at most restaurants in the US. In other words, customers have a duty to leave between 10 and 20 percent of the bill as a tip. Waitstaff rely on these tips earning a living because legal wages for waiters are low. Furthermore, there are rules for tipping bartenders(酒吧侍者), delivery people and other service personnel. While some criticize this practice for being unreasonable, there's no doubt that tipping culture in the US encourages waiters and waitresses to provide better service. Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger(食指) to be rude. While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing with fingers, both literally and figuratively, isn't exactly the mildest thing in the world, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive. Instead, it is common to gesture towards things with the thumb as this is seen as a more polite option. In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for objects that have no life only, not people. Most societies around the world have rules about table manners. For Western culture, noisily consuming food is considered rude. In Japan, however, making slurping(啧啧响的)sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning. This might have something to do with the fact that in Western countries, noodles are properly consumed by twirling(缠绕) them around the fork before putting them in the mouth. Meanwhile, the Japanese simply slurp their noodles without twirling them first, an act that is naturally noisier than the former. Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them. Some scientists even argue that slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles' flavor. 12.What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Required by tradition.　　　 B.Highly spoken of. C.Changeable over time.　　　 D.Popular among people. 13.What does the author think of tipping? A.It is totally unreasonable B.It must follow a fixed standard. C.It can improve the quality of service.　　　 D.It should only target waiters and waitresses. 14.Which practice is acceptable according to the text? A.Skipping tipping in the USA.　　　 B.Twirling noodles around the fork in Africa. C.Pointing with the index finger in Indonesia.　　　 D.Making sounds while eating noodles in Japan. 15.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A research paper.　　　 B.A popular magazine. C.A travel brochure.　　　 D.An online advertisement. ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的风俗习惯。 12.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句“In other words, customers have a duty to leave between 10 and 20 percent of the bill as a tip.”可知,在美国,饭后有义务留下一些小费。由此推断“mandatory”与A项“按照传统要求的”意思接近。故选A。 13.C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“While some criticize this practice for being unreasonable, there's no doubt that tipping culture in the US encourages waiters and waitresses to provide better service.”可推断,作者认为给小费能够提高服务质量。故选C。 14.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them.”可知,在日本吃面条时发出声音表明你喜欢吃面条,是可接受的。故选D。 15.B　推理判断题。第一段指出,人类与动物王国其他成员的一个区别是我们有发展风俗和传统的倾向。下文介绍了几个国家不同的风俗习惯,所以这篇文章的内容与“文化习俗”相关,由此推断这篇文章应该选自“大众杂志”。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Culture often refers to things like food, holidays, clothing, and music, but it also goes much deeper than those. 　16　 So when we meet people from diverse backgrounds, we can sometimes find that there are big differences in how we see the world, even if we speak the same language.  One of the best ways to understand others' cultures is to first examine your own. Do you take your shoes off when you go inside?　17　 In Japan, you would never go inside without swapping your outdoor shoes for slippers, whereas in the US, many people don't bother taking their shoes off when they come in. Therefore, it's so important to understand your place in the world, which will help you better understand other people too.  　18　 When you meet people from a different culture, you can politely ask them about their lives. Seek out some books or watch some movies by and about people who're different from you. Additionally, you can immerse(沉浸在) yourself in a different culture through travel to understand how different other lifestyles can be.  However, sometimes, learning a lot about a different culture can lead you into a trap. You may think you know much about a culture, which may lead you to show off your knowledge when you meet someone from that background. But it's a problem to assume that everyone from one particular culture has the same attitudes and experiences. Your assumptions that lead you to prejudge others can be harmful. 　19　  Differences between us are what make life so interesting. So accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures. 　20　 In detail, ask questions if your friends are open to it, but also learn how to just silently observe and appreciate the differences that make us unique.  A.It is a simple thing, but it's a huge marker of culture. B.Learning is another great way to understand different cultures. C.Behavior, customs, beliefs, and values are also part of your culture. D.To achieve it, do strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation. E.So don't do it to others even if you understand their culture really well. F.The more you learn, the more you get used to respecting cultural differences. G.Wherever you live, there are probably immigrant communities with their own customs. ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对文化差异我们应该怎么做。 16.C　细节句。设空处上一句提到“文化通常指的是像食物、假日、服装和音乐这样的东西,但是它还有比那些更深层的东西。”,C 项“行为、风俗习惯、信仰和价值观也是你的文化的一部分。”与上文所述话题一致,进一步说明文化所包含的更深层的东西有哪些。故选C。 17.A　过渡句。设空处上一句提到“你进门脱鞋吗?”,设空处下一句提到“在日本,没有把室外穿的鞋换成拖鞋的话,你绝不能进屋,而在美国,很多人进来时都懒得脱鞋。”,A 项“这是一件简单的事情,但它是文化的一个巨大标志。”承上启下,符合语境。A项中的“It”指的就是设空处上一句提到的事情,设空处下一句用具体例子进行说明。故选A。 18.B　主旨句。设空处下文提到“当你遇到来自不同文化背景的人时,你可以礼貌地询问他们的生活。挑选出一些书或看一些电影,它们的作者和主角与你不同。此外,你可以通过旅行沉浸在不同的文化中,以了解其他的生活方式是多么不同。”,B项“学习是了解不同文化的另一种好方法。”符合该段主旨,可作为该段的主旨句。故选B。 19.E　细节句。设空处上文提到“但认为来自某一特定文化的每个人都有相同的态度和经历是有问题的。导致你预先判断别人的假设可能是有害的。”,E项“因此,即使你很好地了解他们的文化,也不要这样对他们。”是对上文的总结性话语。E项中的“do it”指的就是上文中提到的“prejudge others”。故选E。 20.D　过渡句。设空处上一句提到“因此接受你和你来自不同文化的朋友之间的不同。”,设空处下一句提到“详细地说,如果你的朋友对此很开明,你可以问问题,但你也要学会如何只是默默观察并欣赏让我们与众不同的差异。”,D 项“为了实现这一点,一定要在好奇心和欣赏之间找到平衡。”承上启下,符合语境。D项中的“it”指的就是设空处上一句提到的事情,设空处下一句具体解释了如何在好奇心和欣赏之间找到平衡。故选D。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 　　Culture and tradition are the soul of a country. When a country 　21　 them, it is difficult for it to make 　22　. Chinese culture can be seen everywhere in China. 　23　, I did not really understand it in the beginning. Then I realized I had to 　24　 something at first hand in order to understand it.  Last winter I decided to stay at our university to 　25　 a series of activities organized for foreign students to celebrate the Spring Festival.  The 　26　 began a month ago with the decorating of our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings. On February 10, the university 　27　 an activity to write Spring Festival couplets. When I saw the brush, I became 　28　. Why is there such a pen? How do we use it?  After understanding the tools, we started our creative 　29　. I tried to hold the brush and start writing 　30　, but the tip of the brush was too 　31　 and I couldn't grasp it at all. I was 　32　, but I didn't give up. After several 　33　, I wrote a line of words. At this time, I found that my sleeves were dirtied with ink as I was too 　34　 practicing. Even so, I couldn't contain my joy, because I felt that I had learned the essence(精髓) of writing calligraphy.  Through this activity, I came to 　35　 the amazing Chinese culture more.  21.A.defines 　　　 B.exchanges C.loses　　　 D.spots 22.A.sense　　　 B.trouble C.peace　　　 D.progress 23.A.However　　　 B.Besides C.Therefore　　　 D.Otherwise 24.A.experience　　　 B.ensure C.give 　　　 D.announce 25.A.bring about 　　　 B.set off C.participate in　　　 D.figure out 26.A.performances　 B.preparations C.traditions　　　 D.practices 27.A.organized　　　 B.discovered C.celebrated　　　 D.reported 28.A.confident　　　 B.patient C.proud　　　 D.curious 29.A.plan　　　 B.imagination C.journey　　　 D.invention 30.A.formally　　　 B.carefully C.neatly 　　　 D.skillfully 31.A.heavy　　　 B.soft C.tight　　　 D.small 32.A.disappointed　 B.moved C.puzzled　　　 D.delighted 33.A.demands　　　 B.comparisons C.warnings　　　 D.attempts 34.A.worrying about　 B.concentrating on C.making out　　　 D.adapting to 35.A.spread　　　 B.confirm C.appreciate　　　 D.protect ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者去年冬天留校并参加为外国留学生安排的一系列庆祝春节的活动的经历。 21.C　空前句提到文化和传统是一个国家的灵魂,说明了文化和传统对一个国家的重要性。因此,当一个国家失去文化和传统时,就很难取得进步。故第1题选C,第2题选D。 22.D　解析见上题。 23.A　空前句“中国文化在中国随处可见。”和空后内容“一开始我并不是很了解它”之间为转折关系,因此设空处应选表示转折的副词。故选A。 24.A　根据第四段中的“I tried to hold the brush and start writing 　10　”可知,作者亲身体验了中国的书法艺术。所以此处指作者意识到,为了理解它,必须亲自经历一些东西。故选A。  25.C　根据下文可知,作者体验了中国的书法艺术,所以作者选择留在学校的目的是参加为外国留学生安排的一系列庆祝春节的活动。故选C。 26.B　根据常识可知,在春节前的一个月,人们开始用春联和年画装饰房间,这是在为春节做准备。故选B。 27.A　根据下文写春联的行为可知,此处指在2月10日,学校组织了写春联的活动。故选A。 28.D　根据下文的问题“为什么会有这样一支笔?我们如何使用它?”可知,当看到毛笔时,作者很好奇。故选D。 29.C　本段详细描写了作者创作春联的过程,所以在了解工具之后,作者开始了创作之旅。此处“journey”指的是书法的创作过程。故选C。 30.B　根据下文“I couldn􀆳t grasp it at all”可知,作者完全握不住毛笔。空后的but表示转折,因此上文应该是作者试着拿起毛笔开始认真写字。故选B。 31.B　根据常识可知,毛笔尖很软。故选B。 32.A　根据上文“I couldn􀆳t grasp it at all”和下文“but I didn􀆳t give up”可知,作者握不住毛笔,应该是感到失望。故选A。 33.D　根据下文可知,作者写了一行字,这说明经过几次尝试后,作者成功了。故选D。 34.B　根据上文“我发现我的袖子被墨水弄脏了”可推断,作者过度专注于练习书法(而忽视了袖子)。故选B。 35.C　根据上文可知,作者在最初并没有真正理解中国文化,通过此次活动,作者体会到了中国书法的精髓,所以此处指作者更加欣赏中国文化了。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　It is no secret that China has an incredibly rich, complex and ancient history and culture. My first 　36　(expose) to Chinese culture occurred totally by chance. At 8, I walked into a bookshop and picked a book from one of the 　37　(shelf). Nevertheless, the book turned out to be “Tao Te Ching”, a deeply philosophical book of Taoism. The book's content was 　38　(obvious) lost on me, but it provided me with an early connection to a profound philosophical tradition by 　39　 I am still influenced today. At school I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed afterwards, 　40　(combine) my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people.  Culture and food are closely connected and perhaps nowhere else can this be seen more clearly 　41　 in China. In recent years there 　42　(be) a rise in restaurants offering a variety of food here. I have introduced many of my friends to Chinese history and culture through a 　43　(share) love of food.  　44　 is safe to say that my journey has only just begun. These first steps are only a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning, but as the Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu said, “A journey of a thousand miles 　45　(begin) with a single step.”  ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者偶然间接触到中国道家思想,并逐渐爱上中国文化的故事。 36.exposure　考查名词。句意:我第一次接触中国文化完全是偶然发生的。设空处被序数词first修饰,且作句子的主语,应使用名词形式。故填exposure。 37.shelves　考查名词复数。句意:在八岁的时候,我走进一家书店,从其中的一个书架上挑了一本书。由空前的“one of the”可知,此处表示“……中的一个”,应使用名词复数。故填shelves。 38.obviously　考查副词。句意:这本书的内容显然未被我理解,但它让我与一个玄奥的哲学传统有了早期的联系,直到今天我仍然受到它的影响。设空处修饰形容词lost,应使用副词。故填obviously。 39.which　考查定语从句。句意见上题。分析句子可知,此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,介词by与从句中的influenced构成be influenced by“被……影响”;先行词tradition在从句中作介词by的宾语,指物,故填which。 40.combining　考查现在分词。句意:后来我对这门语言的兴趣增强了,它结合了我对旅行的热爱和我对结识新朋友的热爱。句中developed为谓语,设空处为非谓语动词作状语,与逻辑主语My interest in the language之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填combining。 41.than　考查介词。句意:文化和食物是紧密相连的,也许没有其他地方能比在中国更清楚地看到这一点。根据语境和more clearly可知,此处在进行对比,用介词than引出比较的对象。故填than。 42.has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,这里提供各种食物的餐馆越来越多。该句为there be句型,根据时间状语In recent years可知,设空处应用现在完成时;主语a rise是单数,助动词应用has。故填has been。 43.shared　考查形容词。句意:通过对美食的共同热爱,我已经向许多朋友介绍了中国的历史和文化。由空前的a可知,空后的love为名词,设空处需使用形容词,表示“共有的”。故填shared。 44.It　考查代词。句意:可以肯定地说,我的旅程才刚刚开始。分析句子可知,此处为固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”,其中代词It为形式主语,动词不定式to do为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填It。 45.begins　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。引号内的句子表示“千里之行,始于足下。”引号内为简单句,设空处作谓语,名人名言应使用一般现在时;主语A journey为单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填begins。 第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Alex在春节后将举家来广东旅游。对于即将开始的旅游,Alex很激动,请你写信推荐一处广东省内的美景。要点如下: 1.写信目的; 2.简要介绍其基本情况并对其美景进行描述; 3.表达祝愿。 注意: 1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Alex, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  Yours, Li Hua One possible version: Dear Alex,  Glad to hear that you are coming to Guangdong with your family for a tour after the Spring Festival, I am writing to introduce a must-see tourist destination to you as you have never been to Guangdong before. As the landmark of Guangzhou, Canton Tower is famous for its unique design, offering you a bird-eye view of the whole city and some entertainment activities inside as well. 600 metres in height, Canton Tower is like a modern-looking lady greeting visitors from home and abroad. I am looking forward to your coming and may you have a good time. Yours, Li Hua  第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. We love classic cars and were going on a tour of used car dealerships in search of an old Jaguar(捷豹车). Aged 19 and 20, we were full of the spirit of adventure. It was so mild when we arrived in Kent that occasionally we would stop to sunbathe. We had no luck in finding a Jaguar in the southeast so we decided to head farther north. We didn't check the forecast on our way to Cumbria. As we drove, the weather got colder and wilder. Snow was falling and wind was blowing as we reached the Yorkshire Dales. We struggled on until the storm became so heavy that we couldn't see where we were going; the car barely moved. With no chance of going anywhere, we waited for the storm to pass. It was bitterly cold. Our summer sleeping bags offered little protection, and nor did our thin jackets. The cold slowed our senses, until it was all we felt. The next morning, the car was buried in snow. Everything was dark. Panic set in. Staying in the car would kill us. We managed to get out, trying to find a farm we'd passed, but it was hopeless. The storm changed everything. The sky and the road were indistinguishable. Rini was fading. I kept him going, with whatever worked. Finally, we stopped at a barn(谷仓). I felt ready to die. At that moment, I heard what sounded like a dog bark. Then a figure came towards us. “Are you both crazy? Out for a walk in this weather?” the man shouted. The man, Clifford Harker, told us he owned the farm we had passed. He was out with his dog, leading his sheep to safety. He told us he lived a 10-minute walk away, so we followed, battling against the storm. Ten minutes passed, and there was nothing in sight. “How much longer?” we begged. “Ten more minutes,” he replied. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 After what seemed like a lifetime, we saw lights in the distance. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  We went back to visit Clifford's family on New Year's Day, loaded with presents. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  One possible version: After what seemed like a lifetime, we saw lights in the distance. We walked into the farmhouse. Much to the surprise of Clifford's wife, we were shaking and numbed with the cold, but alive. She ran a bath for us, brought us her husband's clothes, and on her doctor's advice, made our bowls full of lukewarm food. It was the first thing we ate in almost two days and it tasted delicious. The storm left the roads blocked, so we had to stay for several days. The couple were so welcoming, even if we were two strangers. We went back to visit Clifford's family on New Year's Day, loaded with presents. They were so pleased and surprised to see us. We spent several days on the farm, helping Clifford tend his sheep and eating more delicious food cooked by his wife. Our car was dug out by the local garage. We told the owner we'd come to England to find an old Jaguar. By coincidence, he had one to sell, which was the exact model we looked for. It was the best holiday we had, for our survival, the wonderful family we had met and our dream that had come true. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Diverse Cultures【单元卷•测试卷】 满分120分，时间100分钟 第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Weddings are one of life's biggest celebrations, and they are observed in just about every country and culture on the planet. Here are some wedding traditions from around the world. Scotland Scottish weddings usually include an ethnic handfasting(绑手礼) ceremony. During the ceremony, the bride(新娘) and bridegroom each hold a piece of cloth. These are carefully wound around the couple's joined hands. When they pull their hands apart, the pieces become tied into a knot(结)—a symbol of the new union. Germany Guests at a German wedding get to see an interesting sight: the newly married couple—still dressed in their suit and wedding dress—cutting a length of a tree in half with a two-person saw(锯). In this way, they show their ability to work as a team to face any challenge they will meet in life. Norway A Norwegian wedding cake is made up of progressively smaller layers of iced cake rings, which give the cake the shape of a Christmas tree. The inside is empty and has gifts or even a bottle of wine. The bride and bridegroom lift the top ring of the cake, and the number of layers that stick to it is said to represent the number of children they will have! England Brides in England typically select “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue” to wear for their big day. The modern practice comes from a traditional English song, and the things themselves represent protection, cheerfulness, good luck, and purity, respectively. Though the customs might be diverse, the feeling remains the same. Across the world, weddings are times to celebrate love, happiness, and family. 1.Why is a two-person saw used in the German wedding? A.To entertain the wedding guests.　　　 B.To mark the couple's united efforts. C.To represent the upcoming challenges.　　　 D.To keep the couple from hurting each other. 2.In which wedding do brides wear different things to represent different wishes? A.The Scottish wedding.　　　 B.The German wedding. C.The Norwegian wedding.　　　 D.The English wedding. 3.What does the text show about the wedding? A.Rules to follow.　　　 B.Ways to treat guests. C.Special customs.　　　 D.Cultural backgrounds. B One day in elementary school, something occurred to me. A friend asked me “What are you eating?” as she glanced at my lunchbox. “It smells,” she said, her nose crinkling(起皱). I was eating bhindi roti, my favorite Indian snack, which my mom had packed for me. But feeling embarrassed for having a “smelly” lunch and wanting to escape, I quietly shut my lunchbox. That day, I went hungry. Most days after that, lunchtime at school felt like a battle. If I wasn't trying to hide my lunch or bite secretly when no one was looking, I'd insist on bringing in the same peanut butter and jelly sandwich as the other kids. My mom, who didn't grow up eating American food like chips, tried her best, but the sandwiches never looked or tasted as good as the food I enjoyed at home. I didn't know that I wasn't alone. Many kids with immigrant parents encounter(遭遇) what's known as “the lunchbox moment” at school: the experience of being judged for bringing in food considered culturally diverse and so being made to feel like an outsider. For this article, I talked with kids who could relate. But they also surprised me: They dealt with “the lunchbox moment” differently than I did. For example, Satya Singh, 6, who takes her mom's Indian cooking to lunch most days, told me that one day a classmate said that her aloo, or potatoes, looked like poop. Another time, someone said that the dal, or lentils, looked like puke. The next day, Satya brought enough dal to share with her entire class—and they loved it. “From then on”, she says, “my teacher at school made a rule: Don't yuck someone's yum.” Looking back, I wish I'd had the wisdom of Satya and offered my friend a bite of my lunch, or just told her it was delicious—especially because now, as an adult, I see that Indian food is universally accepted and loved by my friends. Some even try to cook Indian lentils or chickpeas at home! And when I'm hungry, guess what? I miss my mom's bhindi roti and her care in making it for me. Food is an expression of culture, tradition, family and love. And that's something to celebrate, not hide. 4.Why did the writer go hungry one day in elementary school? A.She didn't like her smelly lunch.　　　　　 B.Her classmates ate up her bhindi roti. C.Her mom didn't prepare lunch for her.　　　 D.She skipped her lunch to escape embarrassment. 5.What can we infer about the writer according to the passage? A.She enjoyed the lunchtime at school. B.Her parents are immigrants from India. C.She liked peanut butter and jelly sandwiches best. D.She would bite her bhindi roti quickly when someone was looking. 6.How did Satya deal with “the lunchbox moment”? A.She threw away her lunchbox. B.She asked her teacher to make a rule. C.She ate American food instead of her mom's Indian cooking. D.She brought more Indian cooking to share with her classmates. 7.What does the author want to tell us? A.Food is something to celebrate, not hide. B.Never should you yuck someone's yum in any case. C.Indian food is delicious and universally appreciated. D.The lunchbox moment is when one can taste different kinds of food. C Specialists(专家) say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” occurs when they are talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. The specialists say that there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to get used to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more. There are some evident factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be diverse. The public service systems—the telephone services, the Post Office, or the transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be the biggest problems. The language may be difficult. Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this or that way. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own country. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same positions as they had back home. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image. Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of helplessness. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security(安全). This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for a short time, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 8.What could happen when people move to a new country? A.They may get used to their new surroundings with difficulty. B.They may have well prepared for the new surroundings. C.They may get used to the culture of the country quickly. D.They may never be familiar with the culture of the country. 9.According to the passage, which of the following factors doesn't give rise to culture shock? A.The language.　　　 B.The weather conditions and customs. C.The public service systems.　　　 D.The homesickness. 10.According to the passage, who have the worst culture shock? A.People who are not successful at home.　　　 B.People who are very successful at home. C.People who earn much money abroad.　　　 D.People who are famous abroad. 11.According to the writer, what is the best way to overcome culture shock? A.To protect ourselves from the unfamiliar environment. B.To develop a strange sense of self-protection. C.To get familiar with the new culture. D.To return to our own country. D One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions. Here are some diverse customs from around the world. An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries that don't tip at all or that only tip in small amounts when the food is particularly good, tipping is actually mandatory at most restaurants in the US. In other words, customers have a duty to leave between 10 and 20 percent of the bill as a tip. Waitstaff rely on these tips earning a living because legal wages for waiters are low. Furthermore, there are rules for tipping bartenders(酒吧侍者), delivery people and other service personnel. While some criticize this practice for being unreasonable, there's no doubt that tipping culture in the US encourages waiters and waitresses to provide better service. Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger(食指) to be rude. While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing with fingers, both literally and figuratively, isn't exactly the mildest thing in the world, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive. Instead, it is common to gesture towards things with the thumb as this is seen as a more polite option. In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for objects that have no life only, not people. Most societies around the world have rules about table manners. For Western culture, noisily consuming food is considered rude. In Japan, however, making slurping(啧啧响的)sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning. This might have something to do with the fact that in Western countries, noodles are properly consumed by twirling(缠绕) them around the fork before putting them in the mouth. Meanwhile, the Japanese simply slurp their noodles without twirling them first, an act that is naturally noisier than the former. Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them. Some scientists even argue that slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles' flavor. 12.What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Required by tradition.　　　 B.Highly spoken of. C.Changeable over time.　　　 D.Popular among people. 13.What does the author think of tipping? A.It is totally unreasonable B.It must follow a fixed standard. C.It can improve the quality of service.　　　 D.It should only target waiters and waitresses. 14.Which practice is acceptable according to the text? A.Skipping tipping in the USA.　　　 B.Twirling noodles around the fork in Africa. C.Pointing with the index finger in Indonesia.　　　 D.Making sounds while eating noodles in Japan. 15.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A research paper.　　　 B.A popular magazine. C.A travel brochure.　　　 D.An online advertisement. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Culture often refers to things like food, holidays, clothing, and music, but it also goes much deeper than those. 　16　 So when we meet people from diverse backgrounds, we can sometimes find that there are big differences in how we see the world, even if we speak the same language.  One of the best ways to understand others' cultures is to first examine your own. Do you take your shoes off when you go inside?　17　 In Japan, you would never go inside without swapping your outdoor shoes for slippers, whereas in the US, many people don't bother taking their shoes off when they come in. Therefore, it's so important to understand your place in the world, which will help you better understand other people too.  　18　 When you meet people from a different culture, you can politely ask them about their lives. Seek out some books or watch some movies by and about people who're different from you. Additionally, you can immerse(沉浸在) yourself in a different culture through travel to understand how different other lifestyles can be.  However, sometimes, learning a lot about a different culture can lead you into a trap. You may think you know much about a culture, which may lead you to show off your knowledge when you meet someone from that background. But it's a problem to assume that everyone from one particular culture has the same attitudes and experiences. Your assumptions that lead you to prejudge others can be harmful. 　19　  Differences between us are what make life so interesting. So accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures. 　20　 In detail, ask questions if your friends are open to it, but also learn how to just silently observe and appreciate the differences that make us unique.  A.It is a simple thing, but it's a huge marker of culture. B.Learning is another great way to understand different cultures. C.Behavior, customs, beliefs, and values are also part of your culture. D.To achieve it, do strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation. E.So don't do it to others even if you understand their culture really well. F.The more you learn, the more you get used to respecting cultural differences. G.Wherever you live, there are probably immigrant communities with their own customs. 第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 　　Culture and tradition are the soul of a country. When a country 　21　 them, it is difficult for it to make 　22　. Chinese culture can be seen everywhere in China. 　23　, I did not really understand it in the beginning. Then I realized I had to 　24　 something at first hand in order to understand it.  Last winter I decided to stay at our university to 　25　 a series of activities organized for foreign students to celebrate the Spring Festival.  The 　26　 began a month ago with the decorating of our rooms with Spring Festival couplets(对联) and New Year paintings. On February 10, the university 　27　 an activity to write Spring Festival couplets. When I saw the brush, I became 　28　. Why is there such a pen? How do we use it?  After understanding the tools, we started our creative 　29　. I tried to hold the brush and start writing 　30　, but the tip of the brush was too 　31　 and I couldn't grasp it at all. I was 　32　, but I didn't give up. After several 　33　, I wrote a line of words. At this time, I found that my sleeves were dirtied with ink as I was too 　34　 practicing. Even so, I couldn't contain my joy, because I felt that I had learned the essence(精髓) of writing calligraphy.  Through this activity, I came to 　35　 the amazing Chinese culture more.  21.A.defines 　　　 B.exchanges C.loses　　　 D.spots 22.A.sense　　　 B.trouble C.peace　　　 D.progress 23.A.However　　　 B.Besides C.Therefore　　　 D.Otherwise 24.A.experience　　　 B.ensure C.give 　　　 D.announce 25.A.bring about 　　　 B.set off C.participate in　　　 D.figure out 26.A.performances　 B.preparations C.traditions　　　 D.practices 27.A.organized　　　 B.discovered C.celebrated　　　 D.reported 28.A.confident　　　 B.patient C.proud　　　 D.curious 29.A.plan　　　 B.imagination C.journey　　　 D.invention 30.A.formally　　　 B.carefully C.neatly 　　　 D.skillfully 31.A.heavy　　　 B.soft C.tight　　　 D.small 32.A.disappointed　 B.moved C.puzzled　　　 D.delighted 33.A.demands　　　 B.comparisons C.warnings　　　 D.attempts 34.A.worrying about　 B.concentrating on C.making out　　　 D.adapting to 35.A.spread　　　 B.confirm C.appreciate　　　 D.protect 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　It is no secret that China has an incredibly rich, complex and ancient history and culture. My first 　36　(expose) to Chinese culture occurred totally by chance. At 8, I walked into a bookshop and picked a book from one of the 　37　(shelf). Nevertheless, the book turned out to be “Tao Te Ching”, a deeply philosophical book of Taoism. The book's content was 　38　(obvious) lost on me, but it provided me with an early connection to a profound philosophical tradition by 　39　 I am still influenced today. At school I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed afterwards, 　40　(combine) my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people.  Culture and food are closely connected and perhaps nowhere else can this be seen more clearly 　41　 in China. In recent years there 　42　(be) a rise in restaurants offering a variety of food here. I have introduced many of my friends to Chinese history and culture through a 　43　(share) love of food.  　44　 is safe to say that my journey has only just begun. These first steps are only a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning, but as the Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu said, “A journey of a thousand miles 　45　(begin) with a single step.”  第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Alex在春节后将举家来广东旅游。对于即将开始的旅游,Alex很激动,请你写信推荐一处广东省内的美景。要点如下: 1.写信目的; 2.简要介绍其基本情况并对其美景进行描述; 3.表达祝愿。 注意: 1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Alex, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. We love classic cars and were going on a tour of used car dealerships in search of an old Jaguar(捷豹车). Aged 19 and 20, we were full of the spirit of adventure. It was so mild when we arrived in Kent that occasionally we would stop to sunbathe. We had no luck in finding a Jaguar in the southeast so we decided to head farther north. We didn't check the forecast on our way to Cumbria. As we drove, the weather got colder and wilder. Snow was falling and wind was blowing as we reached the Yorkshire Dales. We struggled on until the storm became so heavy that we couldn't see where we were going; the car barely moved. With no chance of going anywhere, we waited for the storm to pass. It was bitterly cold. Our summer sleeping bags offered little protection, and nor did our thin jackets. The cold slowed our senses, until it was all we felt. The next morning, the car was buried in snow. Everything was dark. Panic set in. Staying in the car would kill us. We managed to get out, trying to find a farm we'd passed, but it was hopeless. The storm changed everything. The sky and the road were indistinguishable. Rini was fading. I kept him going, with whatever worked. Finally, we stopped at a barn(谷仓). I felt ready to die. At that moment, I heard what sounded like a dog bark. Then a figure came towards us. “Are you both crazy? Out for a walk in this weather?” the man shouted. The man, Clifford Harker, told us he owned the farm we had passed. He was out with his dog, leading his sheep to safety. He told us he lived a 10-minute walk away, so we followed, battling against the storm. Ten minutes passed, and there was nothing in sight. “How much longer?” we begged. “Ten more minutes,” he replied. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 After what seemed like a lifetime, we saw lights in the distance. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  We went back to visit Clifford's family on New Year's Day, loaded with presents. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$